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,{"id":70010779,"text":"70010779 - 1955 - Determination of total sulfur content of sedimentary rocks by a combustion method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T21:50:48.720472","indexId":"70010779","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of total sulfur content of sedimentary rocks by a combustion method","docAbstract":"<p>Total sulfur has been determined in common sedimentary rocks by a combustion method. Sulfur contents range from 0.001 to 5.0%. Experiments show that the combustion method can be used in analyzing sedimentary rocks in which sulfur is present as sulfide, sulfate, or both. Pulverized samples from 0.100 to 0.500 gram in weight are used in this method. Each sample is placed in a No. 6 Leco combustion boat and covered with two fluxes: 0.50 gram of standard ingot iron and approximately 1.0 gram of 30-mesh granular tin. The boat with sample then is placed in the combustion tube of a Burrell Unit Package Model T29A tube furnace which is controlled at a temperature of 1310° to 1320° C. After the sample has been heated for 1 minute, oxygen is admitted at a rate of about 1 liter per minute. The sulfur dioxide formed is absorbed in a starch solution and is titrated with standard potassium iodate in a Leco sulfur determinator. Thirteen values obtained for National Bureau of Standards standard sample 1a, argillaceous limestone, range from 0.273 to 0.276% sulfur (certificate value 0.27% by calculation).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60102a022","usgsCitation":"Coller, M.E., and Leininger, R.K., 1955, Determination of total sulfur content of sedimentary rocks by a combustion method: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 6, p. 949-951, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60102a022.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"949","endPage":"951","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffdfe4b0c8380cd4f43d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coller, M. E.","contributorId":28357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leininger, R. K.","contributorId":96408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leininger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010780,"text":"70010780 - 1955 - Determination of thorium and of rare earth elements in cerium earth minerals and ores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T21:46:48.130345","indexId":"70010780","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of thorium and of rare earth elements in cerium earth minerals and ores","docAbstract":"<p>The conventional oxalate method for precipitating thorium and the rare earth elements in acid solution exhibits definite solubilities of these elements. The present work was undertaken to establish conditions overcoming these solubilities and to find optimum conditions for precipitating thorium and the rare earth elements as hydroxides and sebacates. The investigations resulted in a reliable procedure applicable to samples in which the cerium group elements predominate. The oxalate precipitations are made from homogeneous solution at pH 2 by adding a prepared solution of anhydrous oxalic acid in methanol instead of the more expensive crystalline methyl oxalate. Calcium is added as a carrier. Quantitative precipitation of thorium and the rare earth elements is ascertained by further small additions of calcium to the supernatant liquid, until the added calcium precipitates as oxalate within 2 minutes. Calcium is removed by precipitating the hydroxides of thorium and rare earths at room temperature by adding ammonium hydroxide to pH &gt; 10. Thorium is separated as the sebacate at pH 2.5, and the rare earths are precipitated with ammonium sebacate at pH 9. Maximum errors for combined weights of thorium and rare earth oxides on synthetic mixtures are <span>±</span>0.6 mg. Maximum error for separated thoria is <span>±</span>0.5 mg.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60103a006","usgsCitation":"Carron, M.K., Skinner, D.L., and Stevens, R., 1955, Determination of thorium and of rare earth elements in cerium earth minerals and ores: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 7, p. 1058-1061, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60103a006.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1058","endPage":"1061","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffdce4b0c8380cd4f429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carron, M. K.","contributorId":59492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carron","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skinner, D. L.","contributorId":84072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevens, R.E.","contributorId":62954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011003,"text":"70011003 - 1955 - Field determination of microgram quantities of niobium in rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T21:43:17.26938","indexId":"70011003","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field determination of microgram quantities of niobium in rocks","docAbstract":"<p>A rapid, simple, and moderately accurate method was needed for the determination of traces of niobium in rocks. The method developed is based on the reaction of niobium(V) with thiocyanate ion in a 4<i>M</i> hydrochloric acid and 0.5<i>M</i> tartaric acid medium, after which the complex is extracted with ethyl ether. The proposed procedure is applicable to rocks containing from 50 to 2000 p.p.m. of niobium, and, with modifications, can be used on rocks containing larger amounts. Five determinations on two rocks containing 100 p.p.m. or less of niobium agree within 5 p.p.m. of the mean, and the confidence limits at the 95% level are, respectively, <span>±</span>6 and <span>±</span>4 p.p.m. The addition of acetone to the ether extract of the niobium thiocyanate inhibits the polymerization of the thiocyanate ion and stabilizes the solution for at least 20 hours. The proposed procedure permits the determination of 20 <span>γ</span> of niobium in the presence of 1000 <span>γ</span> of iron, titanium, or uranium; 500 <span>γ</span> of vanadium; or 100 <span>γ</span> of tungsten or molybdenum or both.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60104a034","usgsCitation":"Ward, F.N., and Marranzino, A., 1955, Field determination of microgram quantities of niobium in rocks: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1325-1328, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60104a034.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1325","endPage":"1328","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fafe4b0c8380cd5399d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, F. N.","contributorId":96254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marranzino, A. P.","contributorId":61798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marranzino","given":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3428,"text":"cir340 - 1955 - Water resources of the Wheeling-Steubenville area, West Virginia and Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-17T20:56:13.673879","indexId":"cir340","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"340","title":"Water resources of the Wheeling-Steubenville area, West Virginia and Ohio","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir340","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.C., Doll, W.L., and Stratton, G., 1955, Water resources of the Wheeling-Steubenville area, West Virginia and Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 340, Report: iv, 31 p.; 1 Plate: 15.63 x 20.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir340.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 31 p.; 1 Plate: 15.63 x 20.85 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30443,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1955/0340/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30442,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1955/0340/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":116998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1955/0340/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414364,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23594.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio, West Virginia","city":"Steubenville, Wheeling","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.511,\n              40.453\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.883,\n              40.453\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.883,\n              39.70182557275365\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.511,\n              39.70182557275365\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.511,\n              40.453\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db60204b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Robert Cullen","contributorId":99539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Cullen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doll, W. L.","contributorId":31377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doll","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stratton, Garland","contributorId":86320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stratton","given":"Garland","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70010984,"text":"70010984 - 1955 - Determination of thorium by fluorescent x-ray spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:27","indexId":"70010984","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of thorium by fluorescent x-ray spectrometry","docAbstract":"A fluorescent x-ray spectrographic method for the determination of thoria in rock samples uses thallium as an internal standard. Measurements are made with a two-channel spectrometer equipped with quartz (d = 1.817 A.) analyzing crystals. Particle-size effects are minimized by grinding the sample components with a mixture of silicon carbide and aluminum and then briquetting. Analyses of 17 samples showed that for the 16 samples containing over 0.7% thoria the average error, based on chemical results, is 4.7% and the maximum error, 9.5%. Because of limitations of instrumentation, 0.2% thoria is considered the lower limit of detection. An analysis can be made in about an hour.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Adler, I., and Axelrod, J.M., 1955, Determination of thorium by fluorescent x-ray spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 6, p. 1002-1003.","startPage":"1002","endPage":"1003","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffdce4b0c8380cd4f42c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adler, I.","contributorId":13371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adler","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Axelrod, J. M.","contributorId":29796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Axelrod","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81364,"text":"81364 - 1955 - Limnological survey of western Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T16:14:05.657019","indexId":"81364","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":84,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Fisheries","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"139","title":"Limnological survey of western Lake Erie","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., 1955, Limnological survey of western Lake Erie: Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 139, 341 p.","productDescription":"341 p.","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101782,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/content/limnological-survey-western-lake-erie","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"western Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.23061820359032,\n              42.0641711601335\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5439122778995,\n              42.56468623175266\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.94616639800006,\n              42.6728432858157\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.34068486194498,\n              42.65293373435148\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.81255988744708,\n              42.39352952527162\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.97500866671852,\n              42.26771712724013\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.09877916521114,\n              42.256267158959076\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.43141237990976,\n              42.10722838899272\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.50490111338932,\n              41.95496208190215\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.60159681533688,\n              42.03832279694734\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.9303622019574,\n              41.99234418103484\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.10441446546211,\n              42.06991381234462\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.08894315315078,\n              42.29061082573352\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.14309274624095,\n              42.282026663524505\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.22044930779907,\n              42.06991381234462\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.34421980629124,\n              41.911801629716535\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.51827206979644,\n              41.64933573475042\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.40997288361561,\n              41.68111945409572\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.00385093543697,\n              41.51914807953918\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.02705790390448,\n              41.414809007982484\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.92649437387931,\n              41.40030419166027\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.69829251728395,\n              41.4467082049199\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.48942980107799,\n              41.3654794216219\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.04462957212051,\n              41.48438704611107\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.82803119975888,\n              41.46410116005134\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.67718590472117,\n              41.47279588860235\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.29040309693238,\n              41.727322307966574\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.76051065026114,\n              41.900287243446115\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.23061820359032,\n              42.0641711601335\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Stillman","contributorId":14340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Stillman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":68261,"text":"ha7 - 1955 - Average annual runoff and precipitation in the New England-New York area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-02T22:04:25.187805","indexId":"ha7","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Average annual runoff and precipitation in the New England-New York area","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha7","usgsCitation":"Knox, C.E., and Nordenson, T.J., 1955, Average annual runoff and precipitation in the New England-New York area: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 7, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha7.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":251450,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413631,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16099.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -77,\n              47.454\n            ],\n            [\n              -67,\n              47.454\n            ],\n            [\n              -67,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -77,\n              41\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d468","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knox, C. E.","contributorId":12863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knox","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordenson, T. J.","contributorId":95116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordenson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70009861,"text":"70009861 - 1955 - Radioactive equilibrium in ancient marine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T22:01:48.441832","indexId":"70009861","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radioactive equilibrium in ancient marine sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Radioactive equilibrium in eight marine sedimentary formations has been studied by means of direct determinations of uranium, radium and thorium. Alpha-particle counting has also been carried out in order to cross-calibrate thick-source counting techniques. The maximum deviation from radioactive equilibrium that has been noted is 11 per cent—indicating that there is probably equilibrium in all the formations analyzed. Thick-source alpha-particle counting by means of a proportional counter or an ionization chamber leads to high results when the samples contain less than about 10 p.p.m. of uranium. For samples having a higher content of uranium the results are in excellent agreement with each other and with those obtained by direct analytical techniques. The thorium contents that have been obtained correspond well to the average values reported in the literature. The uranium content of marine sediments may be appreciably higher than the average values that have been reported for sedimentary rocks. Data show that there is up to fourteen times the percentage of uranium as of thorium in the formations studied and that the percentage of thorium never exceeds that of uranium. While the proximity of a depositional environment to a land mass may influence the concentration of uranium in a marine sediment, this is not true with thorium.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(55)90018-1","usgsCitation":"Breger, I.A., 1955, Radioactive equilibrium in ancient marine sediments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 8, no. 1-2, p. 63-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(55)90018-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93aee4b0c8380cd80f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breger, Irving A.","contributorId":65205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breger","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":78591,"text":"tem775 - 1955 - Preliminary report on the geology and uranium deposits at Temple Mountain and Green Vein Mesa, San Rafael Swell, Emery County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-17T08:58:53","indexId":"tem775","displayToPublicDate":"1954-08-01T08:57:27","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"775","title":"Preliminary report on the geology and uranium deposits at Temple Mountain and Green Vein Mesa, San Rafael Swell, Emery County, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/tem775","collaboration":"Performed for the Division of Raw Materials, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.","usgsCitation":"Witkind, I.J., 1955, Preliminary report on the geology and uranium deposits at Temple Mountain and Green Vein Mesa, San Rafael Swell, Emery County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 775, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tem775.","productDescription":"31 p.","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Emery County","otherGeospatial":"Green Vein Mesa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.3071,38.5 ], [ -111.3071,39.7046 ], [ -109.988,39.7046 ], [ -109.988,38.5 ], [ -111.3071,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6dabe4b0b290851054d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witkind, Irving Jerome","contributorId":87517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkind","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerome","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047728,"text":"70047728 - 1955 - Sediment investigations of the Platte River near Overton, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-17T10:21:58","indexId":"70047728","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-19T16:06:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Sediment investigations of the Platte River near Overton, Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p>This report contains results of sediment-transport investigations on the Platte River near Overton,. Nebr. from January 1950 to September 1953. The basic data of suspended-sediment studies, results of bed-material analyses, and determinations of water-surface slopes from staff readings are given.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The data indicate that a reliable determination of suspended sediment, hence total load, is difficult. Because of the nature of the river at the station and the limited scope of the investigations, the suspended-sediment data may not be representative. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Platte River is characterized by a wide braided channel, a small hydraulic radius, low banks, and a wide flood plain. (See figs. 1 and 2.,) The river bed is composed of coarse to fine sands. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>Near Overton, natural flow of the river is controlled or modified by diversions, storage reservoirs, power development, return flow from irrigation, and withdrawals of ground water. A temporary jetty was extended into the river below the bridge during the summer of 1952 as part of commercial sand pumping operations. Beavers carry on active construction in the narrows and shallows, particularly upstream from the sampling section. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>Daily fluctuations in water discharge at the gaging station at the bridge are caused by regulation of the flow, mainly from the generation of power by release of water from a reservoir The water discharge at the station begins increasing about 9:30 a.m., reaches a crest about 2:00 p.m and then immediately recede. Weekly water-discharge measurements of alternate high and low stages indicate a daily variation from 200 to more than 1,000 cfs. During spring summer, and fall increases in water dis charge are also caused by thunderstorm activity in the area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources","doi":"10.3133/70047728","collaboration":"Prepared as part of a program of the Department of the Interior for development of the Missouri River basin","usgsCitation":"Albert, C., and Guy, H., 1955, Sediment investigations of the Platte River near Overton, Nebraska, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047728.","productDescription":"37 p.","numberOfPages":"40","temporalStart":"1950-01-01","temporalEnd":"1953-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047728/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279946,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047728/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.7838,40.6372 ], [ -99.7838,40.7742 ], [ -99.1901,40.7742 ], [ -99.1901,40.6372 ], [ -99.7838,40.6372 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52148fe5e4b06d85e08fb51b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albert, C.D.","contributorId":23923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albert","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, H.P.","contributorId":73571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70206586,"text":"70206586 - 1954 - Tavorite and barbosalite: Two new phosphate minerals from Minas Gerais, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-19T20:51:32.708523","indexId":"70206586","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-11T19:31:26","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tavorite and barbosalite: Two new phosphate minerals from Minas Gerais, Brazil","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1126/science.119.3099.739","usgsCitation":"Lindberg, M., and Pecora, W.T., 1954, Tavorite and barbosalite: Two new phosphate minerals from Minas Gerais, Brazil: Science, v. 119, no. 3099, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.119.3099.739.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"739","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Minas Gerais","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -45.52734375,\n              -22.91792293614603\n            ],\n            [\n              -42.978515625,\n              -22.268764039073968\n            ],\n            [\n              -40.869140625,\n              -19.228176737766248\n            ],\n            [\n              -39.814453125,\n              -16.04581345375217\n            ],\n            [\n              -42.099609375,\n              -15.114552871944102\n            ],\n            [\n              -45.17578125,\n              -14.604847155053898\n            ],\n            [\n              -47.548828125,\n              -15.114552871944102\n            ],\n            [\n              -47.548828125,\n              -18.312810846425442\n            ],\n            [\n              -49.74609374999999,\n              -18.646245142670598\n            ],\n            [\n              -51.416015625,\n              -20.3034175184893\n            ],\n            [\n              -47.197265625,\n              -20.550508894195637\n            ],\n            [\n              -46.494140625,\n              -21.125497636606266\n            ],\n            [\n              -46.58203125,\n              -22.593726063929296\n            ],\n            [\n              -45.52734375,\n              -22.91792293614603\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"3099","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindberg, M.","contributorId":37039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pecora, W. T.","contributorId":96315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pecora","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185545,"text":"70185545 - 1954 - Ground water resources of southeastern Oakland County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-28T18:34:56.155825","indexId":"70185545","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":130,"text":"Progress Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Ground water resources of southeastern Oakland County, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>The area covered by this report comprises a square which measures three townships on a side and enclose 318 square miles in southeastern Oakland County. The investigation of the ground-water resources of this area was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Detroit Metropolitan Area Regional Planning Commission, the Michigan Department of Conservation, and the Michigan Water Resources Commission.</p><p>In 1950 the population of this nine-township area exceeded 341,000, or more than 86 percent of the total population of Oakland County. This county ranks third in the state in number of industrial establishments and workers and is fifteenth in agricultural importance. Its numerous lakes and rolling uplands contribute to its top rank in the state in the number of recreational enterprises in rural or suburban areas.</p><p>The climate is moderately humid. The average annual precipitation is 30 inches and the mean air temperature is 47.2° F. Snowfall averages 38 inches in the November-April interval. The growing season averages 151 days.</p><p>The regional land surface slopes from northwest to southeast and has a total relief of 360 feet. Pitted outwash plains and morainal hills that are more than 1,000 feet above sea level in the northwest corner of the area give way southeastward to a sequence of terminal moraines and intervening till plains in the middle part. These give way to the broad lake plains that cover the southeastern third of the area.</p><p>The area lies on the southeast edge of the Michigan Basin and the bedrock is composed of northwest dipping strata of the Devonian and Mississippian systems. The Antrim shale, of Lake Devonian and early Mississippian age, is the oldest formation cropping out beneath the mantle of glacial Berea sandstone, and Sunbury shale overlie the Antrim and are overlain by the Coldwater shale, their areas of outcrop beneath the drift lying successively farther northwest. These formations are of early Mississippian age.</p><p>Throughout the area the bedrock is covered by glacial drift which ranges in thickness from 25 to more than 350 feet. The drift increases in thickness from southeast to northwest, but considerable relief on the underlying bedrock surface greatly modifies this trend. Extensive moraines, till plains, lake plains, and gravel outwash plains cover the area. In the northwestern third of the area an extensive upland of gravel plains is dotted with lakes ranging from a few feet to more than 100 feet in depth.</p><p>Precipitation is the perennial source of all water in this area, whether on the surface of underground. The average annual rainfall on the nine-townships is equivalent to a continuous supply of 450 m.g.d. or&nbsp; 9 times the combined annual withdrawal from all wells in the area.</p><p>About 53 percent of the area is drained by the Clinton River, 44 percent by the River Rouge, and the remaining 3 percent by the Huron River. Less than one-third of the annual precipitation reappears as surface discharge from the watersheds of this area.</p><p>About two-thirds of the annual precipitation on the area is lost by evaporation from water and land surfaces and by transpirations from vegetative cover. A substantial part of this large annual water loss is from the many lakes and other exposed water surfaces and from contiguous lands where the depth to the water table is slight. Average annual water losses by evapotranspiration are equivalent to about 280 m.g.d. or nearly 6 times the combined withdrawal from all ground-water supplies in the area.</p><p>The principal aquifers are the alluvial deposits bordering streams and the buried outwash deposits which represent alluvial fills in preglacial or interglacial stream channels. Intensive well developments in the urban areas have greatly lowered ground-water levels in the buried outwash deposits, have brought localized problems of declining well yield, and have induced migration of mineralized waters from the underlying consolidated formations. During 1952, withdrawals of ground water in the nine township area averages about 50 m.g.d., most of this quantity being pumped from municipal wells. This annual pumpage was distributed as follows: 60 percent in Pontiac and environs; 20 percent in Birmingham, Royal Oak and Troy Township; and the remaining 20 percent throughout the suburban and rural areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Michigan Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Ferris, J., Burt, E., Stramel, G., and Crosthwaite, E., 1954, Ground water resources of southeastern Oakland County, Michigan: Progress Report, 74 p.","productDescription":"74 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/GIMDL-PR16_216200_7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":338196,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Oakland County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.44047546386717,\n              42.449301428414955\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.0841064453125,\n              42.449301428414955\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.0841064453125,\n              42.685463935766094\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.44047546386717,\n              42.685463935766094\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.44047546386717,\n              42.449301428414955\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df19e4b05ec79911d20f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferris, J.G.","contributorId":12453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burt, E.M.","contributorId":189751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burt","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stramel, G.J.","contributorId":47768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stramel","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crosthwaite, E. G.","contributorId":83098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosthwaite","given":"E. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70175976,"text":"70175976 - 1954 - Geology and ground-water resources of Wichita and Greeley Counties, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T16:19:24","indexId":"70175976","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Wichita and Greeley Counties, Kansas","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the geography, geology, and ground-water resources of Wichita and Greeley counties in western Kansas. The area consists of a flat to gently rolling plain, which slopes eastward [at] about 15 feet per mile. A short reach of Ladder Creek (Beaver) is the only perennially flowing stream in the two counties. Ephemeral streams, which flow only during and after heavy rains, are White Woman and Sand Creeks and the western reach of Ladder Creek. The climate is semiarid, the normal annual precipitation being about 17 inches in Wichita County and 16 inches in Greeley County. Agriculture is the principal occupation in the area, and wheat is the most important crop. A considerable area is irrigated; sugar beets and sorghums are the principal irrigated crops.</p><p>The outcropping rocks range in age from late Cretaceous to Recent; the Smoky Hill chalk member of the Niobrara formation, which is exposed along White Woman Creek in western Greeley County, is the oldest. The Niobrara is almost everywhere overlain by the Ogallala formation of Pliocene age. Generally the Ogallala is overlain by windblown silt of the Pleistocene Sanborn formation, but in places it is exposed along streams. The most recent deposits are dune sand and the alluvium along the streams. The Dakota formation, which is an important aquifer in parts of Kansas, is 300 to 450 feet beneath the Niobrara formation.</p><p>The ground water that is available to wells in Wichita and Greeley counties is derived entirely from precipitation in the area or in areas immediately west and north. Ground water moves in a generally easterly direction with a gradient that varies inversely with the permeability of the water-bearing beds. The ground-water reservoir is recharged principally by precipitation within the area or within adjacent areas, Ground-water discharge takes place principally by pumping from wells, subsurface outflow, and evaporation and transpiration. Most of the domestic, stock, public, and irrigation supplies are obtained from wells. It is estimated that probably more than 2 billion gallons of water is pumped annually from wells in the area. Since 1947, ground-water recharge has been about equal to ground-water discharge.</p><p>The use of ground water for irrigation has increased greatly since 1946 and indications are that many more wells may be drilled and pumped without dangerously lowering the water table. Approximately 11,000 to 12,000 acres were irrigated in 1951. A map showing the thickness of water-bearing materials indicates that although much of the area has enough water-bearing material to support irrigation wells, parts of Wichita and Greeley counties have little or none.</p><p>The Ogallala is the principal water-bearing formation in the area. Small amounts of water may also be obtained locally from alluvial deposits and from cracks in the Niobrara formation. Two deep test wells to the Dakota formation have been drilled but, because of the poor quality of the water, have never been used.</p><p>The ground water in Wichita and Greeley counties, though hard, is suitable for most purposes. Water from the Ogallala is generally high in fluoride and in some cases may be injurious to the teeth of children. Water from the Dakota, though soft, is unfit for irrigation because of a high content of sodium.</p><p>The field data upon which most of this report is based are given in tables; they include records of 417 wells, chemical analyses of 31 samples of water, and logs of 57 test holes and wells.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Prescott, G., Branch, J., and Wilson, W., 1954, Geology and ground-water resources of Wichita and Greeley Counties, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 108, 134 p. .","productDescription":"134 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"108","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73dbe4b03fd6b7df2ce9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prescott, G.C. Jr.","contributorId":103352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"G.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Branch, J.R.","contributorId":173971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Branch","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, W.W.","contributorId":6396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70175977,"text":"70175977 - 1954 - Geomorphic effects of the 1951 Kansas River flood. Lawrence, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T09:42:25","indexId":"70175977","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Geomorphic effects of the 1951 Kansas River flood. Lawrence, Kansas","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"McCrae, R., 1954, Geomorphic effects of the 1951 Kansas River flood. Lawrence, Kansas, 68 p. .","productDescription":"68 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":327523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73dce4b03fd6b7df2cf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCrae, R.O.","contributorId":173972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCrae","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70160581,"text":"70160581 - 1954 - Infectious diseases of Pacific salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T15:28:25.353372","indexId":"70160581","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infectious diseases of Pacific salmon","docAbstract":"<p>Investigations on infectious diseases of Pacific salmon due to micro-organisms other than viruses are reviewed. The etiological agents include trematodes, fungi, protozoa and bacteria. Bacteria have been found to be the most important agents of disease in the several species of Pacific salmon. Kidney disease, due to a small, unnamed Gram-positive diplobacillus, causes serious mortalities in young salmon reared in hatcheries. The disease has also been found in wild fish. Aquatic myxobacteria are important agents of disease both in the hatchery and in the natural habitat. One of the myxobacteria, <i>Chondrococcus columnaris</i>, causes disease at relatively high water temperatures. The problem of the taxonomy of this organism is discussed. Another myxobacterium, <i>Cytophaga psychrophila</i>, has been found responsible for epizootics in coho salmon at lower water temperatures, i.e., in the range of 40° to 55° F. In outbreaks of gill disease in young salmon, myxobacteria of several kinds have been implicated.</p><p class=\"last\">A variety of bacteria has been found responsible for outbreaks of disease in salmon in sea water. The most important of these is a species of <i>Vibrio</i>. Tuberculosis has been found in adult chinook salmon and the evidence indicates that the disease was contracted at sea.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1953)83[297:IDOPS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rucker, R.R., Earp, B.J., and Ordal, E.J., 1954, Infectious diseases of Pacific salmon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 83, no. 1, p. 297-312, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1953)83[297:IDOPS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"312","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567bd3b9e4b0a04ef491a1e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rucker, Robert R.","contributorId":69615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rucker","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Earp, B. J.","contributorId":150825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Earp","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ordal, E. J.","contributorId":150767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ordal","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160616,"text":"70160616 - 1954 - Virus diseases of fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-04T08:33:52","indexId":"70160616","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Virus diseases of fish","docAbstract":"<p>Viruses are probably the cause of a wide spectrum of fish diseases. Although relatively few virus diseases of fish are known today, some of the diseases of unknown etiology, as well as some diseases presently accepted as due to bacteria, protozoa, fungi or nutritional deficiencies, possibly will be recognized eventually as virus diseases.</p>\n<p>Some viruses may induce proliferative tissue changes whereas others may cause degenerative change. Although several diseases of a proliferative nature have been reported to be of virus origin, positive experimental evidence for the transmission of a virus from one fish to another, has been presented for only lymphocystis.</p>\n<p class=\"last\">The degenerative or non-neoplastic diseases of possible virus origin give the fish-culturist the most concern because of the severe mortalities resulting from infection. Epizootics of this nature have been reported in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in Europe, in acara (Geophagus brasiliensis) in South America, in kokanee, (Oncorhynchus nerka kennerlyi) and in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka nerka) in the State of Washington. It has been demonstrated that each epizootic was caused by an infectious filterable agent, probably a virus.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1953)83[331:VDOF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Watson, S.W., 1954, Virus diseases of fish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 83, no. 1, p. 331-341, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1953)83[331:VDOF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"341","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56826b49e4b0a04ef4925bad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Stanley W.","contributorId":151027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watson","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70160618,"text":"70160618 - 1954 -  A virus disease of sockeye salmon: Interim report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-04T08:43:05","indexId":"70160618","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":84,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Fisheries","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"138","title":" A virus disease of sockeye salmon: Interim report","docAbstract":"<p>Since 1951 a disease, usually occurring in late spring or early summer, has caused severe losses in 3- to 12-month-old fingerling sockeye salmon in hatcheries in the State of Washington. The disease is characterized by an explosive outbreak, mortality usually 80 percent or greater, and a residual spinal deformity in a small percentage of the surviving fish, and its specificity for the one species of salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. (The anadromous strain of this species is commonly known as sockeye, blueback, or red salmon, while the fresh-water strain is called kokanee or silver trout.) The etiological agent is believed to be a virus.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Watson, S., Guenther, R., and Rucker, R., 1954,  A virus disease of sockeye salmon: Interim report: Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 138, 44 p.","productDescription":"44 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/SSRF/SSRF138.pdf","text":"pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56826b39e4b0a04ef4925b06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, S.W.","contributorId":150802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guenther, R.W.","contributorId":150801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guenther","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rucker, R.R.","contributorId":104000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rucker","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70175975,"text":"70175975 - 1954 - Geology and ground-water resources of Marshall County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T09:28:51","indexId":"70175975","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Marshall County, Kansas","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Walters, K., 1954, Geology and ground-water resources of Marshall County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 106, 116 p. .","productDescription":"116 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"106","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73dbe4b03fd6b7df2cdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, K.L.","contributorId":173879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walters","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70159212,"text":"tei228 - 1954 - Geology and uranium deposits of the Caribou area, Boulder County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-23T11:58:22","indexId":"tei228","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-08T08:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"228","title":"Geology and uranium deposits of the Caribou area, Boulder County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Pitchblende was discovered in the Caribou mine, Boulder County. Colo., in 1948 by Consolidated Caribou Silver Mines, incorporated during the reopening of the 1040-level.&nbsp; Since 1948, a small quantity of pitchblende has been produced from the Radium vein during exploratory work that was done under contract with the Atomic Energy Commission. The Caribou mine, primarily a silver mine, develops five veins (Caribou. No Name, Poorman, Sherman and Silver Dollar) that were formerly worked as separate mines. Three other veins, the Radium, Elmer, and Nelson, are exposed in the Caribou mine only at and below the 920-level. &nbsp;</p>\n<p>The general geology of the Caribou area, known since 1869 as a silver district, has been discussed by Bastin and Hill (1917) and more recently by Lovering and Goddard (1950). In 1937 a detailed study of the petrography of the Caribou stock was made by Smith (1938). In 1948 and 1949, R.U. King (1950) of the U. S., Geological Survey examined the Caribou mine to evaluate the uranium deposit.&nbsp; In 1950, D.M. Sheridan and E.N. Hinrichs of the U. S. Geological Survey made a radioactivity reconnaissance of the mine dumps at Caribou and vicinity. This reconnaissance included examination of most of the accessible workings of the Caribou mine. Other reports on the area are listed in the bibliography.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;As a result of King&rsquo;s preliminary examination and the later exploration for uranium on the property, the U.S. Geological Survey in 1951 began a detailed investigation of the Caribou area on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the Atomic Energy Commission, the principal purpose of which was to evaluate the uranium occurrences in the area. &nbsp;The study was begun by E. P. Kaiser and W. S., Cavender, who established a triangulation net, using a base line in Caribou Park for horizontal control and a U.S. Geological Survey bench mark on the top of Caribou Hill for vertical control. Upon the assignment of Kaiser to another project in August 1951 the investigation was continued until November 1951, by F.B. Moore and W. S. Cavender. During the study of the district the writers prepared a geologic map at a scale of 1 inch to 100 feet of an area of about one square mile. The mapped area includes most of the mines in the Caribou district and embraces the eastern half of Caribou Hill and adjacent areas to the east and north. In addition, all accessible underground workings were mapped at a scale of 1 inch to 40 feet.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The writers wish to acknowledge the cooperation of the staff of the Consolidated Caribou Silver Mines incorporated, who made the Caribou mine available for examination at all times and who furnished maps and suggestions that were of great assistance. Mr. A.E. Blakesley, owner of the Comstock mine, was also most cooperative in making possible the examination of his mine. Thanks are due Dr., E.E. Wahlstrom of the University of Colorado and to the Boulder Daily Camera for the use of their files containing information on the Caribou mine. To S. Lovering of the U.S. Geological Survey made many valuable suggestions on the identification of alteration products in thin section.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei228","usgsCitation":"Moore, F.B., Cavender, W., and Kaiser, E., 1954, Geology and uranium deposits of the Caribou area, Boulder County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 228, Report: 61 p.; 10 Plates: 41.92 x 28.48 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei228.","productDescription":"Report: 61 p.; 10 Plates: 41.92 x 28.48 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":310058,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei228.PNG"},{"id":310813,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/228/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":310814,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/228/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":310815,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/228/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":310816,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/228/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 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,{"id":70047536,"text":"70047536 - 1954 - Chemical quality of water resources of the Conewango Creek basin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51214,"text":"ofr5320 - 1953 - Chemical quality of water resources of the Conewango Creek basin, New York","indexId":"ofr5320","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of water resources of the Conewango Creek basin, New York"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047536,"text":"70047536 - 1954 - Chemical quality of water resources of the Conewango Creek basin","indexId":"70047536","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of water resources of the Conewango Creek basin"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-08T15:29:35","indexId":"70047536","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T15:15:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":105,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Chemical quality of water resources of the Conewango Creek basin","docAbstract":"This report incorporates the data obtained in a study of the chemical quality of the water resources in the Conewango Creek basin, New York. The study was made during the period October 1951 to September 1952.","language":"English","publisher":"New York Department of Commerce","publisherLocation":"Albany, New York","collaboration":"Prepared cooperatively by the geological survey United States Department of Interior and the New York State Department of Commerce","usgsCitation":"Beetem, W., 1954, Chemical quality of water resources of the Conewango Creek basin: Bulletin 1, v, 58 p.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"65","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276240,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://onlinepubs.usgs.gov/djvu/Misc/nydc_bull_1.djvu"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Conewango Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.833333,41.833333 ], [ -78.833333,42.333333 ], [ -79.583333,42.333333 ], [ -79.583333,41.833333 ], [ -78.833333,41.833333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5204bde3e4b0403aa62629d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beetem, W.A.","contributorId":19173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beetem","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047921,"text":"tem747 - 1954 - Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of Savery NW and Savery NE quadrangles, Carbon County, Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70047921,"text":"tem747 - 1954 - Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of Savery NW and Savery NE quadrangles, Carbon County, Wyoming","indexId":"tem747","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of Savery NW and Savery NE quadrangles, Carbon County, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":41145,"text":"ofr54124 - 1954 - Photogeologic map of radio-activity anomalies in Carbon and Sweetwater Counties, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr54124","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Photogeologic map of radio-activity anomalies in Carbon and Sweetwater Counties, Wyoming"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":41145,"text":"ofr54124 - 1954 - Photogeologic map of radio-activity anomalies in Carbon and Sweetwater Counties, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr54124","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Photogeologic map of radio-activity anomalies in Carbon and Sweetwater Counties, Wyoming"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T14:12:23","indexId":"tem747","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T11:01:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"747","title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of Savery NW and Savery NE quadrangles, Carbon County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The accompanying map shows the results of an airborne radioactivity survey in 266 square miles of Savery NW and Savery NE quadrangles, Wyoming. This area is part of a larger survey made in southern Carbon and Sweetwater Counties by the U. S. Geological Survey, November 9-24, 1953. The work was undertaken as part of a cooperative program with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem747","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Henderson, J.R., 1954, Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of Savery NW and Savery NE quadrangles, Carbon County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 747, Report: 1 p.; Plate: 36.02 inches x 23.65 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem747.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; Plate: 36.02 inches x 23.65 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0747/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283025,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0747/report.pdf"},{"id":283026,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0747/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Carbon County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,41.333333 ], [ -107.5,41.5 ], [ -107,41.5 ], [ -107,41.333333 ], [ -107.5,41.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5221bedfe4b001cbb8a34ebf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, J. R.","contributorId":78705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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