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","largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Pathology","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wood, E.M., Snieszko, S.F., and Yasutake, W.T., 1955, Infectious pancreatic necrosis in brook trout: Archives of Pathology, v. 60, p. 26-28.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee912","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, E. M.","contributorId":68685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yasutake, W. T.","contributorId":103222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasutake","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014531,"text":"1014531 - 1955 - Kidney disease in brook trout and its treatment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T15:42:08.158599","indexId":"1014531","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kidney disease in brook trout and its treatment","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1955)17[3:KDIBTA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., and Griffin, P.J., 1955, Kidney disease in brook trout and its treatment: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 17, no. 1, p. 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1955)17[3:KDIBTA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131986,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, P. J.","contributorId":50111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"P.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010747,"text":"70010747 - 1955 - Germanium and uranium in coalified wood from upper Devonian black shale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T14:38:21.800216","indexId":"70010747","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Germanium and uranium in coalified wood from upper Devonian black shale","docAbstract":"Microscopic study of black, vitreous, carbonaceous material occurring in the Chattanooga shale in Tennessee and in the Cleveland member of the Ohio shale in Ohio has revealed coalified woody plant tissue. Some samples have shown sufficient detail to be identified with the genus Cauixylon. Similar material has been reported in the literature as “bituminous” or “asphaltic” stringers.
Spectrographic analyses of the ash from the coalified wood have shown unusually high percentages of germanium, uranium, vanadium, and nickel. The inverse relationship between uranium and germanium in the ash and the ash content of various samples shows an association of these elements with the organic constituents of the coal.
On the basis of geochemical considerations, it seems most probable that the wood or coalified wood was germanium-bearing at the time logs or woody fragmenta were floated into the basins of deposition of the Chattanooga shale and the Cleveland member of the Ohio shale. Once within the marine environment, the material probably absorbed uranium with the formation of organo-uranium compounds such as exist in coals.
It is suggested that a more systematic search for germaniferous coals in the vicinity of the Chattanooga shale and the Cleveland member of the Ohio shale might be rewarding.
Diffusion is considered as a possible process of isotope fractionation taking place throughout geologic time. Both diffusion in solids and diffusion in liquids are taken as possible mechanisms, the latter being more important. Arguments are presented to show that if significant fractionation takes place within a crystal by outward diffusion under solid-state conditions, enrichment will be evident only in elements of minor concentration. Similar conclusions are inferred for solid-state diffusion across a boundary or for diffusion in liquids. No isotopic enrichment can be expected in relatively large bodies of diffusion transported material. Although the necessary data to confirm these conclusions are scanty, it seems worth while to undertake further work in this direction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(55)90046-6","usgsCitation":"Senftle, F.E., and Bracken, J.T., 1955, Theoretical effect of diffusion on isotopic abundance ratios in rocks and associated fluids: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 7, no. 1-2, p. 61-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(55)90046-6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1050579/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":219637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1f8e4b08c986b32550e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bracken, J. T.","contributorId":60333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bracken","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":35600,"text":"b1026 - 1955 - Geology of the Bighorn Canyon-Hardin area, Montana and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T19:57:08.85137","indexId":"b1026","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1026","title":"Geology of the Bighorn Canyon-Hardin area, Montana and Wyoming","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1026","usgsCitation":"Richards, P.W., 1955, Geology of the Bighorn Canyon-Hardin area, Montana and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1026, Report: v, 93 p.; 8 Plates: 43.85 x 29.35 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1026.","productDescription":"Report: v, 93 p.; 8 Plates: 43.85 x 29.35 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":247575,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-1_south.pdf","text":"Plate 1 (South Half)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247574,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-1_north.pdf","text":"Plate 1 (North Half)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63488,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63485,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63484,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63489,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63487,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63486,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109159,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20574.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20574"},{"id":252045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247573,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bighorn Canyon-Hardin area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.306,\n 45.972\n ],\n [\n -108.306,\n 44.958\n ],\n [\n -107.454,\n 44.958\n ],\n [\n -107.454,\n 45.972\n ],\n [\n -108.306,\n 45.972\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db6831ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Paul W.","contributorId":13248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51845,"text":"ofr5595 - 1955 - Statement on ground-water conditions in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Sonoma Valleys, Sonoma County, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51845,"text":"ofr5595 - 1955 - Statement on ground-water conditions in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Sonoma Valleys, Sonoma County, California","indexId":"ofr5595","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Statement on ground-water conditions in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Sonoma Valleys, Sonoma County, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1110,"text":"wsp1427 - 1958 - Geology and ground water in the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Valley areas, Sonoma County, California","indexId":"wsp1427","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground water in the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Valley areas, Sonoma County, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":1110,"text":"wsp1427 - 1958 - Geology and ground water in the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Valley areas, Sonoma County, California","indexId":"wsp1427","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground water in the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Valley areas, Sonoma County, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T18:09:26.645962","indexId":"ofr5595","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-95","title":"Statement on ground-water conditions in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Sonoma Valleys, Sonoma County, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5595","programNote":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Leonard, A., and Cardwell, G., 1955, Statement on ground-water conditions in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Sonoma Valleys, Sonoma County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-95, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5595.","productDescription":"3 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0095/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":406383,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0095/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Sonoma County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3ec5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, A.R.","contributorId":101669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cardwell, G.T.","contributorId":48160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardwell","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":68261,"text":"ha7 - 1955 - Average annual runoff and precipitation in the New England-New York area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-02T22:04:25.187805","indexId":"ha7","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Average annual runoff and precipitation in the New England-New York area","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha7","usgsCitation":"Knox, C.E., and Nordenson, T.J., 1955, Average annual runoff and precipitation in the New England-New York area: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 7, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha7.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":251450,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413631,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16099.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 47.454\n ],\n [\n -67,\n 47.454\n ],\n [\n -67,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d468","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knox, C. E.","contributorId":12863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knox","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordenson, T. J.","contributorId":95116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordenson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81364,"text":"81364 - 1955 - Limnological survey of western Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T16:14:05.657019","indexId":"81364","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":84,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Fisheries","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"139","title":"Limnological survey of western Lake Erie","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., 1955, Limnological survey of western Lake Erie: Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 139, 341 p.","productDescription":"341 p.","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101782,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/content/limnological-survey-western-lake-erie","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"western Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.23061820359032,\n 42.0641711601335\n ],\n [\n -80.5439122778995,\n 42.56468623175266\n ],\n [\n -80.94616639800006,\n 42.6728432858157\n ],\n [\n -81.34068486194498,\n 42.65293373435148\n ],\n [\n -81.81255988744708,\n 42.39352952527162\n ],\n [\n -81.97500866671852,\n 42.26771712724013\n ],\n [\n -82.09877916521114,\n 42.256267158959076\n ],\n [\n -82.43141237990976,\n 42.10722838899272\n ],\n [\n -82.50490111338932,\n 41.95496208190215\n ],\n [\n -82.60159681533688,\n 42.03832279694734\n ],\n [\n -82.9303622019574,\n 41.99234418103484\n ],\n [\n -83.10441446546211,\n 42.06991381234462\n ],\n [\n -83.08894315315078,\n 42.29061082573352\n ],\n [\n -83.14309274624095,\n 42.282026663524505\n ],\n [\n -83.22044930779907,\n 42.06991381234462\n ],\n [\n -83.34421980629124,\n 41.911801629716535\n ],\n [\n -83.51827206979644,\n 41.64933573475042\n ],\n [\n -83.40997288361561,\n 41.68111945409572\n ],\n [\n -83.00385093543697,\n 41.51914807953918\n ],\n [\n -83.02705790390448,\n 41.414809007982484\n ],\n [\n -82.92649437387931,\n 41.40030419166027\n ],\n [\n -82.69829251728395,\n 41.4467082049199\n ],\n [\n -82.48942980107799,\n 41.3654794216219\n ],\n [\n -82.04462957212051,\n 41.48438704611107\n ],\n [\n -81.82803119975888,\n 41.46410116005134\n ],\n [\n -81.67718590472117,\n 41.47279588860235\n ],\n [\n -81.29040309693238,\n 41.727322307966574\n ],\n [\n -80.76051065026114,\n 41.900287243446115\n ],\n [\n -80.23061820359032,\n 42.0641711601335\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Stillman","contributorId":14340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Stillman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220678,"text":"5220678 - 1955 - Changes in nutritive value of browse plants following forest fires","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-31T16:30:07.492887","indexId":"5220678","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in nutritive value of browse plants following forest fires","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3797554","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, J., and Derby, J., 1955, Changes in nutritive value of browse plants following forest fires: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 19, no. 1, p. 65-70, https://doi.org/10.2307/3797554.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487036,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3797554","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":193661,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6c7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, J.B.","contributorId":89080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derby, J.V. Jr.","contributorId":93995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derby","given":"J.V.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010672,"text":"70010672 - 1955 - Rapid determination of carbon dioxide in silicate rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:19","indexId":"70010672","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid determination of carbon dioxide in silicate rocks","docAbstract":"In the development of rapid methods for silicate rock analysis, a simpler and faster means was needed for the determination of carbon dioxide than the conventional \"train\" procedures. With the method presented here, which involves measurement of the volume of carbon dioxide evolved, the time required for a determination is about 5 minutes per sample. It provides a saving of 30 to 40 minutes for each determination without significant loss of accuracy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, L., and Brannock, W.W., 1955, Rapid determination of carbon dioxide in silicate rocks: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 11, p. 1796-1797.","startPage":"1796","endPage":"1797","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94cee4b0c8380cd81617","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, L.","contributorId":103408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brannock, W. W.","contributorId":74504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brannock","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81411,"text":"81411 - 1955 - Sea lamprey and lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T16:01:54.821873","indexId":"81411","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sea lamprey and lake trout","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"First book of animals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Simon and Schuster","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Applegate, V.C., and Moffett, J.W., 1955, Sea lamprey and lake trout, chap. of First book of animals, p. 9-16.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128016,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc610","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"American, Scientific","contributorId":112837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"American","given":"Scientific","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504056,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Applegate, Vernon C.","contributorId":39317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applegate","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffett, James W.","contributorId":94245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185470,"text":"70185470 - 1955 - Flood control problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T12:56:46","indexId":"70185470","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5327,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation in India","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flood control problems","docAbstract":"Throughout the world, alluvial soils are among the most fertile and easiest cultivated. Alluvial valleys are routes for transportation either by water or by road and railroad. Rivers are sources of water, a necessity of life. But these river valleys and alluvial deposits, which have so many desirable characteristics and which have increased so greatly in population, are periodically occupied by the river in performing its task of removing the excess of precipitation from the land area and carrying away the products of erosion.
How a river behaves and how the river flood plain appears depend on the relationships between water and sediment combined with the existing topography. Thus rivers and their alluvial deposits provide an endless variety of forms which are shaped, to a large extent, by the river flow during periods of rapid removal of debris and of excessive rainfall. The mechanics of river formation are such, however, that the highest discharges are not contained within a limited channel. How much water a channel will carry depends upon the frequency of occurrence of a flow. Low flows, which occur very frequently, are not important in channel formation. Neither are the infrequent discharges of very great magnitude which, although powerful, do not occur often enough to shape the channel. Channel characteristics, are dependent on those discharges of moderate size which combine power with frequency of occurrence to modify the channel from. In the highest discharges of a stream, water rises above the confines of its banks and flows over the flood plain.
It must be considered, therefore, that floods are natural phenomena which are characteristic of all rivers. They perform a vital function in the maintenance of river forms and out of bank flow may be expected with a reasonable degree of regularity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Conservation Society of India","issn":"0022-457X","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., and Maddock, T., 1955, Flood control problems: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation in India, v. 3, p. 169-173.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d66e4b0236b68f98f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maddock, Thomas Jr.","contributorId":14402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009861,"text":"70009861 - 1955 - Radioactive equilibrium in ancient marine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T22:01:48.441832","indexId":"70009861","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radioactive equilibrium in ancient marine sediments","docAbstract":"Radioactive equilibrium in eight marine sedimentary formations has been studied by means of direct determinations of uranium, radium and thorium. Alpha-particle counting has also been carried out in order to cross-calibrate thick-source counting techniques. The maximum deviation from radioactive equilibrium that has been noted is 11 per cent—indicating that there is probably equilibrium in all the formations analyzed. Thick-source alpha-particle counting by means of a proportional counter or an ionization chamber leads to high results when the samples contain less than about 10 p.p.m. of uranium. For samples having a higher content of uranium the results are in excellent agreement with each other and with those obtained by direct analytical techniques. The thorium contents that have been obtained correspond well to the average values reported in the literature. The uranium content of marine sediments may be appreciably higher than the average values that have been reported for sedimentary rocks. Data show that there is up to fourteen times the percentage of uranium as of thorium in the formations studied and that the percentage of thorium never exceeds that of uranium. While the proximity of a depositional environment to a land mass may influence the concentration of uranium in a marine sediment, this is not true with thorium.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(55)90018-1","usgsCitation":"Breger, I.A., 1955, Radioactive equilibrium in ancient marine sediments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 8, no. 1-2, p. 63-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(55)90018-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93aee4b0c8380cd80f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breger, Irving A.","contributorId":65205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breger","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194899,"text":"70194899 - 1955 - Some contributions of the Cooperative Wildlife Research Units to forest wildlife management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-18T16:39:44.591584","indexId":"70194899","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2297,"text":"Journal of Forestry","onlineIssn":"1938-3746","printIssn":"0022-1201","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some contributions of the Cooperative Wildlife Research Units to forest wildlife management","docAbstract":"Although the Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Program is nationwide in scope and has been in existence since 1935, it is probable that many readers of the Journal of Forestry are unaquainted with the program's objectives and accomplishments. This paper was written at the suggestion of a S.A.F. member to provide such information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jof/53.9.630","usgsCitation":"Leedy, D.L., 1955, Some contributions of the Cooperative Wildlife Research Units to forest wildlife management: Journal of Forestry, v. 53, no. 9, p. 630-635, https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/53.9.630.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"630","endPage":"635","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":496345,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/53.9.630","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350730,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4cb5e4b06e28e9cabb58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leedy, Daniel L.","contributorId":37787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leedy","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010780,"text":"70010780 - 1955 - Determination of thorium and of rare earth elements in cerium earth minerals and ores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T21:46:48.130345","indexId":"70010780","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of thorium and of rare earth elements in cerium earth minerals and ores","docAbstract":"The conventional oxalate method for precipitating thorium and the rare earth elements in acid solution exhibits definite solubilities of these elements. The present work was undertaken to establish conditions overcoming these solubilities and to find optimum conditions for precipitating thorium and the rare earth elements as hydroxides and sebacates. The investigations resulted in a reliable procedure applicable to samples in which the cerium group elements predominate. The oxalate precipitations are made from homogeneous solution at pH 2 by adding a prepared solution of anhydrous oxalic acid in methanol instead of the more expensive crystalline methyl oxalate. Calcium is added as a carrier. Quantitative precipitation of thorium and the rare earth elements is ascertained by further small additions of calcium to the supernatant liquid, until the added calcium precipitates as oxalate within 2 minutes. Calcium is removed by precipitating the hydroxides of thorium and rare earths at room temperature by adding ammonium hydroxide to pH > 10. Thorium is separated as the sebacate at pH 2.5, and the rare earths are precipitated with ammonium sebacate at pH 9. Maximum errors for combined weights of thorium and rare earth oxides on synthetic mixtures are ±0.6 mg. Maximum error for separated thoria is ±0.5 mg.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60103a006","usgsCitation":"Carron, M.K., Skinner, D.L., and Stevens, R., 1955, Determination of thorium and of rare earth elements in cerium earth minerals and ores: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 7, p. 1058-1061, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60103a006.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1058","endPage":"1061","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffdce4b0c8380cd4f429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carron, M. K.","contributorId":59492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carron","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skinner, D. L.","contributorId":84072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevens, R.E.","contributorId":62954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010671,"text":"70010671 - 1955 - Automatic photometric titrations of calcium and magnesium in carbonate rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T16:57:31.128914","indexId":"70010671","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automatic photometric titrations of calcium and magnesium in carbonate rocks","docAbstract":"Rapid nonsubjective methods have been developed for the determination of calcium and magnesium in carbonate rocks. From a single solution of the sample, calcium is titrated directly, and magnesium is titrated after a rapid removal of R2O3 and precipitation of calcium as the tungstate. A concentrated and a dilute solution of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate are used as titrants. The concentrated solution is added almost to the end point, then the weak solution is added in an automatic titrator to determine the end point precisely.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.1021/ac60101a008","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, L., and Brannock, W.W., 1955, Automatic photometric titrations of calcium and magnesium in carbonate rocks: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 5, p. 725-728, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60101a008.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"728","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219397,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eefae4b0c8380cd4a09e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Leonard","contributorId":61406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Leonard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brannock, W. W.","contributorId":74504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brannock","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010777,"text":"70010777 - 1955 - Rapid determination of water in silicate rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T15:01:33.415683","indexId":"70010777","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid determination of water in silicate rocks","docAbstract":"A rapid and simple method for the determination of total water in silicate rocks has been developed by modifying the Penfield procedure. In this method, the time required for a single determination has been reduced to less than 10 minutes. Comparison of the data obtained by this modification and the Penfield method indicates the same degree of accuracy.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60100a020","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, L., and Brannock, W.W., 1955, Rapid determination of water in silicate rocks: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 4, p. 560-562, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60100a020.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"560","endPage":"562","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218730,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94d2e4b0c8380cd8162e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Leonard","contributorId":61406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Leonard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brannock, W. W.","contributorId":74504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brannock","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010723,"text":"70010723 - 1955 - Determination of small and large amounts of fluorine in rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:26","indexId":"70010723","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of small and large amounts of fluorine in rocks","docAbstract":"Gelatinous silica and aluminum ions retard the distillation of fluorine in the Willard and Winter distillation method. A generally applicable, simple method for the determination of fluorine in rocks containing aluminum or silicon or both as major constituents was desired. In the procedure developed, the sample is fused with a mixture of sodium carbonate and zinc oxide, leached with water, and filtered. The residue is granular and retains nearly all of the silica. The fluorine in the filtrate is distilled directly from a perchloric acid-phosphoric acid mixture. Phosphoric acid permits the quantitative distillation of fluorine in the presence of much aluminum at the usual distillation temperature and without the collection of large volumes of distillate. The fluorine is determined either by microtitration with thorium nitrate or colorimetrically with thoron. The procedure is rapid and has yielded excellent results on silicate rocks and on samples from the aluminum phosphate (leached) zone of the Florida phosphate deposits.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Grimaldi, F.S., Ingram, B., and Cuttitta, F., 1955, Determination of small and large amounts of fluorine in rocks: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 6, p. 918-921.","startPage":"918","endPage":"921","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffc7e4b0c8380cd4f3c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimaldi, F. S.","contributorId":94286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimaldi","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingram, B.","contributorId":20891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingram","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuttitta, F.","contributorId":33837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuttitta","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010694,"text":"70010694 - 1955 - Molybdenum blue reaction and determination of phosphorus in waters containing arsenic, silicon, and germanium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-16T20:12:59.472605","indexId":"70010694","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molybdenum blue reaction and determination of phosphorus in waters containing arsenic, silicon, and germanium","docAbstract":"Microgram amounts of phosphate are usually determined by the molybdenum blue reaction, but this reaction is not specific for phosphorus. The research established the range of conditions under which phosphate, arsenate, silicate, and germanate give the molybdenum blue reaction for differentiating these elements, and developed a method for the determination of phosphate in waters containing up to 10 p.p.m. of the oxides of germanium, arsenic(V), and silicon. With stannous chloride or 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid as the reducing agent no conditions were found for distinguishing silicate from germanate and phosphate from arsenate. In the recommended procedure the phosphate is concentrated by coprecipitation on aluminum hydroxide, and coprecipitated arsenic, germanium, and silicon are volatilized by a mixture of hydrofluoric, hydrochloric, and hydrobromic acids prior to the determination of phosphate. The authors are able to report that the total phosphorus content of several samples of sea water from the Gulf of Mexico ranged from 0.018 to 0.059 mg. of phosphorus pentoxide per liter of water.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60098a022","usgsCitation":"Levine, H., Rowe, J., and Grimaldi, F.S., 1955, Molybdenum blue reaction and determination of phosphorus in waters containing arsenic, silicon, and germanium: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 2, p. 258-262, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60098a022.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d2ee4b0c8380cd701f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levine, H.","contributorId":39513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levine","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, J.J.","contributorId":29460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grimaldi, F. S.","contributorId":94286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimaldi","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010779,"text":"70010779 - 1955 - Determination of total sulfur content of sedimentary rocks by a combustion method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T21:50:48.720472","indexId":"70010779","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of total sulfur content of sedimentary rocks by a combustion method","docAbstract":"Total sulfur has been determined in common sedimentary rocks by a combustion method. Sulfur contents range from 0.001 to 5.0%. Experiments show that the combustion method can be used in analyzing sedimentary rocks in which sulfur is present as sulfide, sulfate, or both. Pulverized samples from 0.100 to 0.500 gram in weight are used in this method. Each sample is placed in a No. 6 Leco combustion boat and covered with two fluxes: 0.50 gram of standard ingot iron and approximately 1.0 gram of 30-mesh granular tin. The boat with sample then is placed in the combustion tube of a Burrell Unit Package Model T29A tube furnace which is controlled at a temperature of 1310° to 1320° C. After the sample has been heated for 1 minute, oxygen is admitted at a rate of about 1 liter per minute. The sulfur dioxide formed is absorbed in a starch solution and is titrated with standard potassium iodate in a Leco sulfur determinator. Thirteen values obtained for National Bureau of Standards standard sample 1a, argillaceous limestone, range from 0.273 to 0.276% sulfur (certificate value 0.27% by calculation).
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60102a022","usgsCitation":"Coller, M.E., and Leininger, R.K., 1955, Determination of total sulfur content of sedimentary rocks by a combustion method: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 6, p. 949-951, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60102a022.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"949","endPage":"951","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffdfe4b0c8380cd4f43d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coller, M. E.","contributorId":28357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leininger, R. K.","contributorId":96408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leininger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2850,"text":"wsp1297 - 1955 - Ground water of the Lower Lake-Middletown area, Lake County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T22:48:13.897404","indexId":"wsp1297","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1297","title":"Ground water of the Lower Lake-Middletown area, Lake County, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1297","usgsCitation":"Upson, J.E., and Kunkel, F., 1955, Ground water of the Lower Lake-Middletown area, Lake County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1297, Report: iv, 83 p.; 1 Plate: 11.50 x 20.54 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1297.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 83 p.; 1 Plate: 11.50 x 20.54 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413986,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24301.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":29438,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1297/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29437,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1297/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1297/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Lower Lake-Middletown area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.75,\n 39.142\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 38.671\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.671\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 39.142\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 39.142\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d6f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Upson, Joseph Edwin","contributorId":21528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upson","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kunkel, Fred","contributorId":47766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":34853,"text":"b1007 - 1955 - Geology of the Uinta River-Brush Creek area, Duchesne and Uintah Counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T22:29:15.611055","indexId":"b1007","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1007","title":"Geology of the Uinta River-Brush Creek area, Duchesne and Uintah Counties, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1007","usgsCitation":"Kinney, D.M., 1955, Geology of the Uinta River-Brush Creek area, Duchesne and Uintah Counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1007, Report: v, 185 p.; 6 Plates: 55.00 x 35.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1007.","productDescription":"Report: v, 185 p.; 6 Plates: 55.00 x 35.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":62816,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62815,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62814,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62813,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62812,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62811,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62810,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166502,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":109127,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20527.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20527"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Duchesne County, Uintah County","otherGeospatial":"Uinta River-Brush Creek area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.25,\n 40.417\n ],\n [\n -110.25,\n 40.278\n ],\n [\n -109.25,\n 40.278\n ],\n [\n -109.25,\n 40.417\n ],\n [\n -110.25,\n 40.417\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinney, Douglas M.","contributorId":64642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014251,"text":"1014251 - 1955 - The effect of some sulfonamides on the growth of brook trout, brown trout, and rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T15:31:11.287186","indexId":"1014251","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of some sulfonamides on the growth of brook trout, brown trout, and rainbow trout","docAbstract":"Sulfonamides such as sulfisoxazole (GantrisinR), sulfamerazine, and a mixture of sulfamerazine with sulfaguanidine were fed to apparently normal fingerlings of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). None of these drugs had any growth‐affecting influence on rainbow trout. Growth of brook trout was somewhat retarded by sulfamerazine. The retardation of the growth of brown trout was greater with sulfamerazine than with the mixture of two sulfonamides. Sulfisoxazole did not retard growth of any of the three species. As soon as the medicated food was replaced with normal, brown trout resumed growth. Observations are also furnished on the tissue levels of sulfonamides and hemoglobin in the experimental trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1954)84[86:TEOSSO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., and Wood, E.M., 1955, The effect of some sulfonamides on the growth of brook trout, brown trout, and rainbow trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 84, no. 1, p. 86-92, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1954)84[86:TEOSSO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131783,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6675c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, E. M.","contributorId":68685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171150,"text":"70171150 - 1955 - Fisheries of the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T09:38:48","indexId":"70171150","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fisheries of the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Great Lakes and Michigan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"2nd Conference on Great Lakes Research","language":"English","publisher":"University of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Moffett, J.W., 1955, Fisheries of the Great Lakes, in The Great Lakes and Michigan, p. 36-37.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d6508e4b07e28b6683e8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moffett, James W.","contributorId":94245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174094,"text":"70174094 - 1955 - Geology and ground-water resources of Webster County, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:33:53.148158","indexId":"70174094","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":148,"text":"Water Supply Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"4","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Webster County, Iowa","docAbstract":"Webster County, comprising an area of 718 square miles just northwest of the center of Iowa, had a population of 44,241 in 1950, with 25,115 in Fort Dodge, the principal city. Some 94.4 percent of the county is in farm land; corn is the principal crop and is used in the raising of hogs and cattle, an important occupation in this part of the country. Mineral products include gypsum, clay, coal, sand, gravel and limestone.
The mean annual precipitation at Fort Dodge is 31.21 inches, of which more than 3 inches normally occurs during each of the months May, June, July, August, and September. The average number of growing days is 150. The warmest month generally is July; during December, January, and February the average temperature normally is below freezing.
The upland area, comprising over 80 percent of the county, is mostly a gently undulating, slightly eroded glacial-drift plain. Morainal hills of low relief occur in the extreme southern and northern parts of the county. The Des Moines River flows through the county from north to south and, together with its tributaries, drains the entire county except the southwestern part, which is tributary to the Raccoon River. The Des Moines River has cut a deep, narrow valley about 90 feet below the upland in the northern part of the county and about 220 feet below the upland in the southern part. The tributary streams commonly have shallow valleys more than a few miles back from the Des Moines River.
Glacial deposits of Pleistocene age, ranging in thickness from 50 feet in the north to 175 feet in the south, mantle the indurated rocks over all the upland area, but indurated rocks ranging in age from Mississippian to Cretaceous are exposed in places along the valleys of the Des Moines River and its tributaries.