Throughout the world, alluvial soils are among the most fertile and easiest cultivated. Alluvial valleys are routes for transportation either by water or by road and railroad. Rivers are sources of water, a necessity of life. But these river valleys and alluvial deposits, which have so many desirable characteristics and which have increased so greatly in population, are periodically occupied by the river in performing its task of removing the excess of precipitation from the land area and carrying away the products of erosion.
How a river behaves and how the river flood plain appears depend on the relationships between water and sediment combined with the existing topography. Thus rivers and their alluvial deposits provide an endless variety of forms which are shaped, to a large extent, by the river flow during periods of rapid removal of debris and of excessive rainfall. The mechanics of river formation are such, however, that the highest discharges are not contained within a limited channel. How much water a channel will carry depends upon the frequency of occurrence of a flow. Low flows, which occur very frequently, are not important in channel formation. Neither are the infrequent discharges of very great magnitude which, although powerful, do not occur often enough to shape the channel. Channel characteristics, are dependent on those discharges of moderate size which combine power with frequency of occurrence to modify the channel from. In the highest discharges of a stream, water rises above the confines of its banks and flows over the flood plain.
It must be considered, therefore, that floods are natural phenomena which are characteristic of all rivers. They perform a vital function in the maintenance of river forms and out of bank flow may be expected with a reasonable degree of regularity.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1327","usgsCitation":"Sniegocki, R.T., and Rainwater, F.H., 1955, Ground-water resources of the Prairie Creek unit of the lower Platte River basin, Nebraska, with a section on chemical quality of ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1327, Report: iv, 133 p.; 8 Plates: 28.50 x 22.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1327.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 133 p.; 8 Plates: 28.50 x 22.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109935,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24327.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24327"},{"id":29116,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1327/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29115,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1327/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29110,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1327/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29114,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1327/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29112,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1327/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29111,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1327/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29109,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1327/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29117,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1327/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29113,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1327/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138947,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1327/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"lower Platte River basin, Prairie Creek unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.329,\n 41.472\n ],\n [\n -98.4,\n 41.472\n ],\n [\n -98.4,\n 40.893\n ],\n [\n -97.329,\n 40.893\n ],\n [\n -97.329,\n 41.472\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sniegocki, Richard T.","contributorId":67068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sniegocki","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rainwater, F. H.","contributorId":41402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rainwater","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000146,"text":"1000146 - 1955 - The reproduction of lake trout in southern Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T09:40:28","indexId":"1000146","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The reproduction of lake trout in southern Lake Superior","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(55)90018-1","usgsCitation":"Breger, I.A., 1955, Radioactive equilibrium in ancient marine sediments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 8, no. 1-2, p. 63-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(55)90018-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93aee4b0c8380cd80f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breger, Irving A.","contributorId":65205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breger","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":95189,"text":"95189 - 1955 - Progress report on the nature, prevention and treatment of infectious diseases of fishes (Mimeograph)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:58","indexId":"95189","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Progress report on the nature, prevention and treatment of infectious diseases of fishes (Mimeograph)","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"43/FH","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., 1955, Progress report on the nature, prevention and treatment of infectious diseases of fishes (Mimeograph), 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65db9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68261,"text":"ha7 - 1955 - Average annual runoff and precipitation in the New England-New York area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-02T22:04:25.187805","indexId":"ha7","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Average annual runoff and precipitation in the New England-New York area","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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","largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Pathology","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wood, E.M., Snieszko, S.F., and Yasutake, W.T., 1955, Infectious pancreatic necrosis in brook trout: Archives of Pathology, v. 60, p. 26-28.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee912","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, E. M.","contributorId":68685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yasutake, W. T.","contributorId":103222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasutake","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":14389,"text":"ofr5577 - 1955 - Iliamna Volcano and its basement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-30T21:28:06.122868","indexId":"ofr5577","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-77","title":"Iliamna Volcano and its basement","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5577","usgsCitation":"Juhle, W., 1955, Iliamna Volcano and its basement: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-77, Report: 74 p.; 2 Plates: 23.30 x 35.94 inches and 18.94 x 18.62 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5577.","productDescription":"Report: 74 p.; 2 Plates: 23.30 x 35.94 inches and 18.94 x 18.62 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":43066,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43065,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0077/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43064,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0077/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0077/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":420338,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7880.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Iliamna Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.5,\n 59.583\n ],\n [\n -152.5,\n 59.583\n ],\n [\n -152.5,\n 60.333\n ],\n [\n -153.5,\n 60.333\n ],\n [\n -153.5,\n 59.583\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juhle, Werner","contributorId":81921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juhle","given":"Werner","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51845,"text":"ofr5595 - 1955 - Statement on ground-water conditions in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Sonoma Valleys, Sonoma County, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51845,"text":"ofr5595 - 1955 - Statement on ground-water conditions in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Sonoma Valleys, Sonoma County, California","indexId":"ofr5595","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Statement on ground-water conditions in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Sonoma Valleys, Sonoma County, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1110,"text":"wsp1427 - 1958 - Geology and ground water in the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Valley areas, Sonoma County, California","indexId":"wsp1427","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground water in the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Valley areas, Sonoma County, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":1110,"text":"wsp1427 - 1958 - Geology and ground water in the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Valley areas, Sonoma County, California","indexId":"wsp1427","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground water in the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Valley areas, Sonoma County, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T18:09:26.645962","indexId":"ofr5595","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-95","title":"Statement on ground-water conditions in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Sonoma Valleys, Sonoma County, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5595","programNote":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Leonard, A., and Cardwell, G., 1955, Statement on ground-water conditions in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Sonoma Valleys, Sonoma County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-95, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5595.","productDescription":"3 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0095/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":406383,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0095/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Sonoma County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3ec5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, A.R.","contributorId":101669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cardwell, G.T.","contributorId":48160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardwell","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":34853,"text":"b1007 - 1955 - Geology of the Uinta River-Brush Creek area, Duchesne and Uintah Counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T22:29:15.611055","indexId":"b1007","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1007","title":"Geology of the Uinta River-Brush Creek area, Duchesne and Uintah Counties, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1007","usgsCitation":"Kinney, D.M., 1955, Geology of the Uinta River-Brush Creek area, Duchesne and Uintah Counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1007, Report: v, 185 p.; 6 Plates: 55.00 x 35.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1007.","productDescription":"Report: v, 185 p.; 6 Plates: 55.00 x 35.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":62816,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62815,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62814,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62813,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62812,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62811,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62810,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166502,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":109127,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20527.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20527"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Duchesne County, Uintah County","otherGeospatial":"Uinta River-Brush Creek area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.25,\n 40.417\n ],\n [\n -110.25,\n 40.278\n ],\n [\n -109.25,\n 40.278\n ],\n [\n -109.25,\n 40.417\n ],\n [\n -110.25,\n 40.417\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinney, Douglas M.","contributorId":64642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2850,"text":"wsp1297 - 1955 - Ground water of the Lower Lake-Middletown area, Lake County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T22:48:13.897404","indexId":"wsp1297","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1297","title":"Ground water of the Lower Lake-Middletown area, Lake County, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1297","usgsCitation":"Upson, J.E., and Kunkel, F., 1955, Ground water of the Lower Lake-Middletown area, Lake County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1297, Report: iv, 83 p.; 1 Plate: 11.50 x 20.54 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1297.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 83 p.; 1 Plate: 11.50 x 20.54 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413986,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24301.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":29438,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1297/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29437,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1297/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1297/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Lower Lake-Middletown area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.75,\n 39.142\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 38.671\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.671\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 39.142\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 39.142\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d6f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Upson, Joseph Edwin","contributorId":21528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upson","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kunkel, Fred","contributorId":47766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047850,"text":"70047850 - 1955 - Total sediment load measured in turbulence flume","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51096,"text":"ofr5215 - 1952 - Total sediment load measured in turbulence flume","indexId":"ofr5215","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"title":"Total sediment load measured in turbulence flume"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047850,"text":"70047850 - 1955 - Total sediment load measured in turbulence flume","indexId":"70047850","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Total sediment load measured in turbulence flume"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-12T15:55:30.529371","indexId":"70047850","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3628,"text":"Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Total sediment load measured in turbulence flume","docAbstract":"The results of significant model tests in a glass-walled flume and prototype tests of a turbulence flume are presented. The velocity of flow and the transportation of the total sediment load in suspension were observed under varying conditions of flow. Also noted was the resistance to flow caused by vertical baffles, which were fastened to the floor of the flume. The prototype tests consisted of observations at the measuring sill of velocity and sediment concentration for all flows. For normal flows observations were made upstream and downstream from the flume. Samples of total sediment load and bed material were analyzed for particle size. Minor studies of dune movement in model and prototype were also included.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/TACEAT.0007126","usgsCitation":"Benedict, P., Albertson, M.L., and Matejka, D.Q., 1955, Total sediment load measured in turbulence flume: Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, v. 120, no. 1, p. 457-484, https://doi.org/10.1061/TACEAT.0007126.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"484","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277059,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd794fe4b0b2908510cbbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, Paul C.","contributorId":72293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albertson, Maurice L.","contributorId":82209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albertson","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matejka, Donald Q.","contributorId":99878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matejka","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010747,"text":"70010747 - 1955 - Germanium and uranium in coalified wood from upper Devonian black shale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T14:38:21.800216","indexId":"70010747","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Germanium and uranium in coalified wood from upper Devonian black shale","docAbstract":"Microscopic study of black, vitreous, carbonaceous material occurring in the Chattanooga shale in Tennessee and in the Cleveland member of the Ohio shale in Ohio has revealed coalified woody plant tissue. Some samples have shown sufficient detail to be identified with the genus Cauixylon. Similar material has been reported in the literature as “bituminous” or “asphaltic” stringers.
Spectrographic analyses of the ash from the coalified wood have shown unusually high percentages of germanium, uranium, vanadium, and nickel. The inverse relationship between uranium and germanium in the ash and the ash content of various samples shows an association of these elements with the organic constituents of the coal.
On the basis of geochemical considerations, it seems most probable that the wood or coalified wood was germanium-bearing at the time logs or woody fragmenta were floated into the basins of deposition of the Chattanooga shale and the Cleveland member of the Ohio shale. Once within the marine environment, the material probably absorbed uranium with the formation of organo-uranium compounds such as exist in coals.
It is suggested that a more systematic search for germaniferous coals in the vicinity of the Chattanooga shale and the Cleveland member of the Ohio shale might be rewarding.
The use of internal standards in the analysis of ores and minerals of widely-varying matrix by means of fluorescent X-ray spectroscopy is frequently the most practical approach. Internal standards correct for absorption and enhancement effects except when an absorption edge falls between the comparison lines or a very strong emission line falls between the absorption edges responsible for the comparison lines. Particle size variations may introduce substantial errors. One method of coping with the particle size problem is grinding the sample with an added abrasive.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0371-1951(55)80011-2","usgsCitation":"Adler, I., and Axelrod, J.M., 1955, Internal standards in fluorescent X-ray spectroscopy: Spectrochimica Acta, v. 7, p. 91-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/0371-1951(55)80011-2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d2de4b0c8380cd63375","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adler, I.","contributorId":13371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adler","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Axelrod, J. M.","contributorId":29796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Axelrod","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010749,"text":"70010749 - 1955 - Theoretical effect of diffusion on isotopic abundance ratios in rocks and associated fluids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T21:56:48.29219","indexId":"70010749","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Theoretical effect of diffusion on isotopic abundance ratios in rocks and associated fluids","docAbstract":"Diffusion is considered as a possible process of isotope fractionation taking place throughout geologic time. Both diffusion in solids and diffusion in liquids are taken as possible mechanisms, the latter being more important. Arguments are presented to show that if significant fractionation takes place within a crystal by outward diffusion under solid-state conditions, enrichment will be evident only in elements of minor concentration. Similar conclusions are inferred for solid-state diffusion across a boundary or for diffusion in liquids. No isotopic enrichment can be expected in relatively large bodies of diffusion transported material. Although the necessary data to confirm these conclusions are scanty, it seems worth while to undertake further work in this direction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(55)90046-6","usgsCitation":"Senftle, F.E., and Bracken, J.T., 1955, Theoretical effect of diffusion on isotopic abundance ratios in rocks and associated fluids: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 7, no. 1-2, p. 61-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(55)90046-6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1050579/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":219637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1f8e4b08c986b32550e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bracken, J. T.","contributorId":60333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bracken","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51864,"text":"ofr55149 - 1955 - An electrical device for computing theoretical draw-downs of ground-water levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T13:10:09","indexId":"ofr55149","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-149","title":"An electrical device for computing theoretical draw-downs of ground-water levels","docAbstract":"The construction, calibration and use of an electrical \"slide rule\" for computing theoretical drawdowns of ground-water levels are described. The instrument facilitates the computation of drawdowns under given conditions of discharge or recharge by means of the Theis nonequilibrium equation. It is simple to construct and use and can be a valuable aid in ground-water studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr55149","usgsCitation":"Remson, I., and Halstead, M., 1955, An electrical device for computing theoretical draw-downs of ground-water levels: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-149, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr55149.","productDescription":"13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr55149.jpg"},{"id":310497,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0149/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remson, Irwin","contributorId":89115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remson","given":"Irwin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halstead, M.H.","contributorId":37412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014251,"text":"1014251 - 1955 - The effect of some sulfonamides on the growth of brook trout, brown trout, and rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T15:31:11.287186","indexId":"1014251","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of some sulfonamides on the growth of brook trout, brown trout, and rainbow trout","docAbstract":"Sulfonamides such as sulfisoxazole (GantrisinR), sulfamerazine, and a mixture of sulfamerazine with sulfaguanidine were fed to apparently normal fingerlings of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). None of these drugs had any growth‐affecting influence on rainbow trout. Growth of brook trout was somewhat retarded by sulfamerazine. The retardation of the growth of brown trout was greater with sulfamerazine than with the mixture of two sulfonamides. Sulfisoxazole did not retard growth of any of the three species. As soon as the medicated food was replaced with normal, brown trout resumed growth. Observations are also furnished on the tissue levels of sulfonamides and hemoglobin in the experimental trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1954)84[86:TEOSSO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., and Wood, E.M., 1955, The effect of some sulfonamides on the growth of brook trout, brown trout, and rainbow trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 84, no. 1, p. 86-92, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1954)84[86:TEOSSO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131783,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6675c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, E. M.","contributorId":68685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194899,"text":"70194899 - 1955 - Some contributions of the Cooperative Wildlife Research Units to forest wildlife management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-18T16:39:44.591584","indexId":"70194899","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2297,"text":"Journal of Forestry","onlineIssn":"1938-3746","printIssn":"0022-1201","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some contributions of the Cooperative Wildlife Research Units to forest wildlife management","docAbstract":"Although the Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Program is nationwide in scope and has been in existence since 1935, it is probable that many readers of the Journal of Forestry are unaquainted with the program's objectives and accomplishments. This paper was written at the suggestion of a S.A.F. member to provide such information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jof/53.9.630","usgsCitation":"Leedy, D.L., 1955, Some contributions of the Cooperative Wildlife Research Units to forest wildlife management: Journal of Forestry, v. 53, no. 9, p. 630-635, https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/53.9.630.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"630","endPage":"635","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":496345,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/53.9.630","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350730,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4cb5e4b06e28e9cabb58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leedy, Daniel L.","contributorId":37787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leedy","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000346,"text":"1000346 - 1955 - Early life history of the yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), in the Red Lakes, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T08:42:10","indexId":"1000346","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early life history of the yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), in the Red Lakes, Minnesota","docAbstract":"The early life history of the yellow perch, an important commercial species in the Red Lakes, Minnesota, has been studied with special reference to length at scale formation, growth rate during first season of life, and food habits as they relate to growth and survival. Scales are fully imbricated in the area of 12th to 14th lateral line scales at 24 millimeters total length. There is a wide annual varition in first season's growth which is not correlated with growth in older fish. Body-scale relationship is rectilinear from 24 to 280 millimeters. Length-weight relationship during the first year is expressed by the equation W = 0.6198 × 10−5 L3.1251 which is very similar to that describing the relationship in later years. Stomach analysis indicates food is primarily plankton but in some seasons fish may be strongly dependent on bottom forms. Variations in food availability appear to be associated with changes in growth and may have a major influence on survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1954)84[249:ELHOTY]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pycha, R.L., and Smith, L.L., 1955, Early life history of the yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), in the Red Lakes, Minnesota: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 84, no. 1, p. 249-260, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1954)84[249:ELHOTY]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"260","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c227","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pycha, Richard L.","contributorId":17175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pycha","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Lloyd L. Jr.","contributorId":103618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lloyd","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":78591,"text":"tem775 - 1955 - Preliminary report on the geology and uranium deposits at Temple Mountain and Green Vein Mesa, San Rafael Swell, Emery County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-17T08:58:53","indexId":"tem775","displayToPublicDate":"1954-08-01T08:57:27","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"775","title":"Preliminary report on the geology and uranium deposits at Temple Mountain and Green Vein Mesa, San Rafael Swell, Emery County, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/tem775","collaboration":"Performed for the Division of Raw Materials, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.","usgsCitation":"Witkind, I.J., 1955, Preliminary report on the geology and uranium deposits at Temple Mountain and Green Vein Mesa, San Rafael Swell, Emery County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 775, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tem775.","productDescription":"31 p.","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Emery County","otherGeospatial":"Green Vein Mesa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.3071,38.5 ], [ -111.3071,39.7046 ], [ -109.988,39.7046 ], [ -109.988,38.5 ], [ -111.3071,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6dabe4b0b290851054d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witkind, Irving Jerome","contributorId":87517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkind","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerome","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047728,"text":"70047728 - 1955 - Sediment investigations of the Platte River near Overton, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-17T10:21:58","indexId":"70047728","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-19T16:06:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Sediment investigations of the Platte River near Overton, Nebraska","docAbstract":"This report contains results of sediment-transport investigations on the Platte River near Overton,. Nebr. from January 1950 to September 1953. The basic data of suspended-sediment studies, results of bed-material analyses, and determinations of water-surface slopes from staff readings are given.
\nThe data indicate that a reliable determination of suspended sediment, hence total load, is difficult. Because of the nature of the river at the station and the limited scope of the investigations, the suspended-sediment data may not be representative.
\nThe Platte River is characterized by a wide braided channel, a small hydraulic radius, low banks, and a wide flood plain. (See figs. 1 and 2.,) The river bed is composed of coarse to fine sands.
\nNear Overton, natural flow of the river is controlled or modified by diversions, storage reservoirs, power development, return flow from irrigation, and withdrawals of ground water. A temporary jetty was extended into the river below the bridge during the summer of 1952 as part of commercial sand pumping operations. Beavers carry on active construction in the narrows and shallows, particularly upstream from the sampling section.
\nDaily fluctuations in water discharge at the gaging station at the bridge are caused by regulation of the flow, mainly from the generation of power by release of water from a reservoir The water discharge at the station begins increasing about 9:30 a.m., reaches a crest about 2:00 p.m and then immediately recede. Weekly water-discharge measurements of alternate high and low stages indicate a daily variation from 200 to more than 1,000 cfs. During spring summer, and fall increases in water dis charge are also caused by thunderstorm activity in the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources","doi":"10.3133/70047728","collaboration":"Prepared as part of a program of the Department of the Interior for development of the Missouri River basin","usgsCitation":"Albert, C., and Guy, H., 1955, Sediment investigations of the Platte River near Overton, Nebraska, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047728.","productDescription":"37 p.","numberOfPages":"40","temporalStart":"1950-01-01","temporalEnd":"1953-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047728/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279946,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047728/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.7838,40.6372 ], [ -99.7838,40.7742 ], [ -99.1901,40.7742 ], [ -99.1901,40.6372 ], [ -99.7838,40.6372 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52148fe5e4b06d85e08fb51b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albert, C.D.","contributorId":23923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albert","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, H.P.","contributorId":73571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206586,"text":"70206586 - 1954 - Tavorite and barbosalite: Two new phosphate minerals from Minas Gerais, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-19T20:51:32.708523","indexId":"70206586","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-11T19:31:26","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tavorite and barbosalite: Two new phosphate minerals from Minas Gerais, Brazil","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1126/science.119.3099.739","usgsCitation":"Lindberg, M., and Pecora, W.T., 1954, Tavorite and barbosalite: Two new phosphate minerals from Minas Gerais, Brazil: Science, v. 119, no. 3099, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.119.3099.739.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"739","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Minas Gerais","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -45.52734375,\n -22.91792293614603\n ],\n [\n -42.978515625,\n -22.268764039073968\n ],\n [\n -40.869140625,\n -19.228176737766248\n ],\n [\n -39.814453125,\n -16.04581345375217\n ],\n [\n -42.099609375,\n -15.114552871944102\n ],\n [\n -45.17578125,\n -14.604847155053898\n ],\n [\n -47.548828125,\n -15.114552871944102\n ],\n [\n -47.548828125,\n -18.312810846425442\n ],\n [\n -49.74609374999999,\n -18.646245142670598\n ],\n [\n -51.416015625,\n -20.3034175184893\n ],\n [\n -47.197265625,\n -20.550508894195637\n ],\n [\n -46.494140625,\n -21.125497636606266\n ],\n [\n -46.58203125,\n -22.593726063929296\n ],\n [\n -45.52734375,\n -22.91792293614603\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"3099","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindberg, M.","contributorId":37039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pecora, W. T.","contributorId":96315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pecora","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185545,"text":"70185545 - 1954 - Ground water resources of southeastern Oakland County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-28T18:34:56.155825","indexId":"70185545","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":130,"text":"Progress Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Ground water resources of southeastern Oakland County, Michigan","docAbstract":"The area covered by this report comprises a square which measures three townships on a side and enclose 318 square miles in southeastern Oakland County. The investigation of the ground-water resources of this area was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Detroit Metropolitan Area Regional Planning Commission, the Michigan Department of Conservation, and the Michigan Water Resources Commission.
In 1950 the population of this nine-township area exceeded 341,000, or more than 86 percent of the total population of Oakland County. This county ranks third in the state in number of industrial establishments and workers and is fifteenth in agricultural importance. Its numerous lakes and rolling uplands contribute to its top rank in the state in the number of recreational enterprises in rural or suburban areas.
The climate is moderately humid. The average annual precipitation is 30 inches and the mean air temperature is 47.2° F. Snowfall averages 38 inches in the November-April interval. The growing season averages 151 days.
The regional land surface slopes from northwest to southeast and has a total relief of 360 feet. Pitted outwash plains and morainal hills that are more than 1,000 feet above sea level in the northwest corner of the area give way southeastward to a sequence of terminal moraines and intervening till plains in the middle part. These give way to the broad lake plains that cover the southeastern third of the area.
The area lies on the southeast edge of the Michigan Basin and the bedrock is composed of northwest dipping strata of the Devonian and Mississippian systems. The Antrim shale, of Lake Devonian and early Mississippian age, is the oldest formation cropping out beneath the mantle of glacial Berea sandstone, and Sunbury shale overlie the Antrim and are overlain by the Coldwater shale, their areas of outcrop beneath the drift lying successively farther northwest. These formations are of early Mississippian age.
Throughout the area the bedrock is covered by glacial drift which ranges in thickness from 25 to more than 350 feet. The drift increases in thickness from southeast to northwest, but considerable relief on the underlying bedrock surface greatly modifies this trend. Extensive moraines, till plains, lake plains, and gravel outwash plains cover the area. In the northwestern third of the area an extensive upland of gravel plains is dotted with lakes ranging from a few feet to more than 100 feet in depth.
Precipitation is the perennial source of all water in this area, whether on the surface of underground. The average annual rainfall on the nine-townships is equivalent to a continuous supply of 450 m.g.d. or 9 times the combined annual withdrawal from all wells in the area.
About 53 percent of the area is drained by the Clinton River, 44 percent by the River Rouge, and the remaining 3 percent by the Huron River. Less than one-third of the annual precipitation reappears as surface discharge from the watersheds of this area.
About two-thirds of the annual precipitation on the area is lost by evaporation from water and land surfaces and by transpirations from vegetative cover. A substantial part of this large annual water loss is from the many lakes and other exposed water surfaces and from contiguous lands where the depth to the water table is slight. Average annual water losses by evapotranspiration are equivalent to about 280 m.g.d. or nearly 6 times the combined withdrawal from all ground-water supplies in the area.
The principal aquifers are the alluvial deposits bordering streams and the buried outwash deposits which represent alluvial fills in preglacial or interglacial stream channels. Intensive well developments in the urban areas have greatly lowered ground-water levels in the buried outwash deposits, have brought localized problems of declining well yield, and have induced migration of mineralized waters from the underlying consolidated formations. During 1952, withdrawals of ground water in the nine township area averages about 50 m.g.d., most of this quantity being pumped from municipal wells. This annual pumpage was distributed as follows: 60 percent in Pontiac and environs; 20 percent in Birmingham, Royal Oak and Troy Township; and the remaining 20 percent throughout the suburban and rural areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Michigan Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Ferris, J., Burt, E., Stramel, G., and Crosthwaite, E., 1954, Ground water resources of southeastern Oakland County, Michigan: Progress Report, 74 p.","productDescription":"74 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/GIMDL-PR16_216200_7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":338196,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Oakland County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.44047546386717,\n 42.449301428414955\n ],\n [\n -83.0841064453125,\n 42.449301428414955\n ],\n [\n -83.0841064453125,\n 42.685463935766094\n ],\n [\n -83.44047546386717,\n 42.685463935766094\n ],\n [\n -83.44047546386717,\n 42.449301428414955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df19e4b05ec79911d20f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferris, J.G.","contributorId":12453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burt, E.M.","contributorId":189751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burt","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stramel, G.J.","contributorId":47768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stramel","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crosthwaite, E. G.","contributorId":83098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosthwaite","given":"E. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175976,"text":"70175976 - 1954 - Geology and ground-water resources of Wichita and Greeley Counties, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T16:19:24","indexId":"70175976","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Wichita and Greeley Counties, Kansas","docAbstract":"This report describes the geography, geology, and ground-water resources of Wichita and Greeley counties in western Kansas. The area consists of a flat to gently rolling plain, which slopes eastward [at] about 15 feet per mile. A short reach of Ladder Creek (Beaver) is the only perennially flowing stream in the two counties. Ephemeral streams, which flow only during and after heavy rains, are White Woman and Sand Creeks and the western reach of Ladder Creek. The climate is semiarid, the normal annual precipitation being about 17 inches in Wichita County and 16 inches in Greeley County. Agriculture is the principal occupation in the area, and wheat is the most important crop. A considerable area is irrigated; sugar beets and sorghums are the principal irrigated crops.
The outcropping rocks range in age from late Cretaceous to Recent; the Smoky Hill chalk member of the Niobrara formation, which is exposed along White Woman Creek in western Greeley County, is the oldest. The Niobrara is almost everywhere overlain by the Ogallala formation of Pliocene age. Generally the Ogallala is overlain by windblown silt of the Pleistocene Sanborn formation, but in places it is exposed along streams. The most recent deposits are dune sand and the alluvium along the streams. The Dakota formation, which is an important aquifer in parts of Kansas, is 300 to 450 feet beneath the Niobrara formation.
The ground water that is available to wells in Wichita and Greeley counties is derived entirely from precipitation in the area or in areas immediately west and north. Ground water moves in a generally easterly direction with a gradient that varies inversely with the permeability of the water-bearing beds. The ground-water reservoir is recharged principally by precipitation within the area or within adjacent areas, Ground-water discharge takes place principally by pumping from wells, subsurface outflow, and evaporation and transpiration. Most of the domestic, stock, public, and irrigation supplies are obtained from wells. It is estimated that probably more than 2 billion gallons of water is pumped annually from wells in the area. Since 1947, ground-water recharge has been about equal to ground-water discharge.
The use of ground water for irrigation has increased greatly since 1946 and indications are that many more wells may be drilled and pumped without dangerously lowering the water table. Approximately 11,000 to 12,000 acres were irrigated in 1951. A map showing the thickness of water-bearing materials indicates that although much of the area has enough water-bearing material to support irrigation wells, parts of Wichita and Greeley counties have little or none.
The Ogallala is the principal water-bearing formation in the area. Small amounts of water may also be obtained locally from alluvial deposits and from cracks in the Niobrara formation. Two deep test wells to the Dakota formation have been drilled but, because of the poor quality of the water, have never been used.
The ground water in Wichita and Greeley counties, though hard, is suitable for most purposes. Water from the Ogallala is generally high in fluoride and in some cases may be injurious to the teeth of children. Water from the Dakota, though soft, is unfit for irrigation because of a high content of sodium.
The field data upon which most of this report is based are given in tables; they include records of 417 wells, chemical analyses of 31 samples of water, and logs of 57 test holes and wells.
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