Alluvial terraces were studied in several major river basins in eastern Wyoming. Three terraces are present along nearly all the streams and large tributaries. There are several extensive dissected erosion surfaces in the area, but these are much older than, and stand well above, the recent alluvial terraces with which this report is concerned.
The three alluvial terraces stand respectively about 40, 10, and 5 feet above the present streams. The uppermost and oldest is a fill terrace comprised of three stratigraphic units of varying age. The oldest unit is Pleistocene and the youngest unit postdates the development of a soil zone, or paleosol, which is characterized by strong accumulation of calcium carbonate and gypsum. This paleosol is an important stratigraphic marker. The middle terrace is generally a cut terrace and is developed on the material making up the youngest alluvium of the high terrace. The lowest is a fill terrace, the surface of which is only slightly higher than the present flood plain.
The oldest terrace can tentatively be traced into mountain valleys of the Bighorn Range on the basis of discontinuous remnants. The terrace remnants occur far upstream from the youngest moraine in the valleys studied. On this basis, the terrace sequence is considered to postdate the last Wisconsin ice in the Bighorn Mountains. The paleosol is tentatively correlated with Altithermal time, called in Europe the Climatic Optimum. The terrace sequence is very similar to that suggested by various workers in the southwestern United States.
Two streams, Clear Creek and the Powder River, deposited comparable silty alluvium, the surface of which now comprises the highest alluvial terrace. The gradients of these former flood plains differed markedly between the two streams despite the comparability in size of material deposited. This difference in gradient is believed to have required different relative contributions of water from mountain and plain areas than now exist.
Knowledge of Recent physiographic history of the area is the basis of determining the relative ages of some gully features. Certain vertical-walled channels or arroyos that might appear to be attributable to postsettlement grazing or other man-induced influences are shown to be Recent but pre-Columbian in age. Such differentiation in age of erosion features is necessary for proper understanding of present-day soil erosion problems.
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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1237","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1954, Surface water supply of the United States, 1952, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1237, ix, 365 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1237.","productDescription":"ix, 365 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1237/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31650,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696485","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44209,"text":"ofr54125 - 1954 - Total intensity aeromagnetic profiles in Olympic Peninsula, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:52","indexId":"ofr54125","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-125","title":"Total intensity aeromagnetic profiles in Olympic Peninsula, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr54125","issn":"ma","usgsCitation":"Henderson, J., 1954, Total intensity aeromagnetic profiles in Olympic Peninsula, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-125, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr54125.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":134964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":99208,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0125/plate-1.pdf","size":"5274","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99209,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0125/plate-2.pdf","size":"9441","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628260","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, John R.","contributorId":93445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"John R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":62209,"text":"gq42 - 1954 - Bedrock geology of the Bristol quadrangle and vicinity, Rhode Island-Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T19:39:24.667184","indexId":"gq42","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"42","title":"Bedrock geology of the Bristol quadrangle and vicinity, Rhode Island-Massachusetts","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/gq42","usgsCitation":"Quinn, A.W., and Springer, G.H., 1954, Bedrock geology of the Bristol quadrangle and vicinity, Rhode Island-Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 42, Report: 2 p.; Plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/gq42.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; Plate","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":248393,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0042/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":253371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0042/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":102439,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_888.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"888"}],"scale":"680","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Bristol quadrangle and vicinity","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.36749999999999,41.6175 ], [ -71.36749999999999,41.75 ], [ -71.25,41.75 ], [ -71.25,41.6175 ], [ -71.36749999999999,41.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb34a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinn, Alonzo W.","contributorId":19554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"Alonzo","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":267072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Springer, G. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1209","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1954, Surface water supply of the United States, 1951, Part VI-A, Missouri River basin, Missouri River basin above Sioux City, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1209, x, 456 p. :ill., tables ;25 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1209.","productDescription":"x, 456 p. :ill., tables ;25 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1209/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28534,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1209/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69652d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3628,"text":"cir313 - 1954 - Reconnaissance for uranium-bearing carbonaceous rocks in California and adjacent parts of Oregon and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"cir313","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"313","title":"Reconnaissance for uranium-bearing carbonaceous rocks in California and adjacent parts of Oregon and Nevada","docAbstract":"During the summer of 1952 a reconnaissance was conducted in California and parts of Oregon and Nevada in search of new deposits of uranium-bearing carbonaceous rocks. The principal localities found in California where uranium occurs in coal are listed here with. the uranium content of the coal: Newhall prospect, Los Angeles County, 0.020 percent; Fireflex mine, San Benito County, 0.005 percent; American licyaite mine, Amador County, 0.004 percent; and Tesla prospect, Alameda County, 0.003 percent. An oil-saturated sandstone near Edna, San Luis Obispo County, contains 0.002 percent uranium.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir313","usgsCitation":"Moore, G.W., and Stephens, J.G., 1954, Reconnaissance for uranium-bearing carbonaceous rocks in California and adjacent parts of Oregon and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 313, 8 p. :illus., map, tables. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir313.","productDescription":"8 p. :illus., map, tables. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1954/0313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30671,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1954/0313/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db643f97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, George Winfred","contributorId":46932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Winfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, James G.","contributorId":22324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":41095,"text":"ofr54166 - 1954 - Preliminary geologic map of Portage quadrangle, Montana, surficial geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:51","indexId":"ofr54166","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-166","title":"Preliminary geologic map of Portage quadrangle, Montana, surficial geology","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr54166","usgsCitation":"Lemke, R.W., and Maughan, E.K., 1954, Preliminary geologic map of Portage quadrangle, Montana, surficial geology: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-166, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr54166.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":78950,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0166/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bfc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemke, Richard Walter","contributorId":105280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maughan, Edwin K.","contributorId":85172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maughan","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":37600,"text":"ssrw24 - 1954 - Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in 1953","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:52","indexId":"ssrw24","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"24","title":"Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in 1953","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1954, Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in 1953 (Updates and revises Special Scientific Report-Wildlife 18 (1952)): Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 24, 68 p.","productDescription":"68 p.","numberOfPages":"68","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101734,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015001481491?urlappend=%3Bseq=451"}],"edition":"Updates and revises Special Scientific Report-Wildlife 18 (1952)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667382","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","contributorId":128143,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","id":529664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3314,"text":"cir310 - 1954 - Stripping-coal deposits on lower Lignite Creek, Nenana coal field, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:41","indexId":"cir310","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"310","title":"Stripping-coal deposits on lower Lignite Creek, Nenana coal field, Alaska","docAbstract":"Stripping-coal reserves in an area of about 9.4 square miles extending from the Nenana River about 6 miles up the valley of Lignite Creek are estimated to amount to about 95, 000, 000 tons. The stripping-coal reserves are located in the lower and middle members of the Tertiary coal-bearing formation. Five continuous beds in the middle member range in thickness from 5 to 30 feet, and a discontinuous bed at the base of the lower member is about 60 feet thick. Analyses of outcrop samples, as received at the laboratory, show a heating content of 7,500--8,200 Btu, an ash content of 6 to 14 percent, and a moisture content of 25 percent. The reserve estimate is based on a maximum thickness of overburden of 200 feet. Coal below the level of Lignite Creek or its major tributaries was not considered as it was assumed that stripping would be by hydraulic methods. Uncertainties regarding the position of the coal outcrops and the extent of burning of the coal beds are the basis for a recommendation that, where possible, the stripping reserves be tested by drilling. \r\n\r\nOverburden consists largely of weakly consolidated sandstone and includes some coarse gravel and a few boulders 20 feet or more in diameter. Water for hydraulic mining can be obtained from the Nenana River. Lignite Creek does not appear to be a dependable source. Disposal of debris may affect the channel of the Nenana River causing damage to railroads and structures. Landslides are common in the valley of Lignite Creek and will affect mining operations and transportation routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir310","usgsCitation":"Wahrhaftig, C., and Birman, J.H., 1954, Stripping-coal deposits on lower Lignite Creek, Nenana coal field, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 310, iv, 11 p. :ill., maps (5 fold. in pocket) ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir310.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p. :ill., maps (5 fold. in pocket) ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109916,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23775.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"23775"},{"id":124692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1954/0310/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30319,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1954/0310/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4b60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahrhaftig, Clyde","contributorId":102473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahrhaftig","given":"Clyde","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birman, Joseph H.","contributorId":37196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birman","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2457,"text":"wsp1204 - 1954 - Surface water-supply of the United States, 1951, Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp1204","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1204","title":"Surface water-supply of the United States, 1951, Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1204","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1954, Surface water-supply of the United States, 1951, Part II-B, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, Ogeechee River to Pearl River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1204, ix, 350 p. : ill., tables ;25 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1204.","productDescription":"ix, 350 p. : ill., tables ;25 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1204/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28533,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1204/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db69130c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2143,"text":"wsp1460A - 1954 - Chemical character of public water supplies of the larger cities of Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51918,"text":"ofr5676 - 1956 - Chemical character of the public water supplies of the larger cities of Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, 1954","indexId":"ofr5676","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical character of the public water supplies of the larger cities of Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, 1954"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2143,"text":"wsp1460A - 1954 - Chemical character of public water supplies of the larger cities of Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico","indexId":"wsp1460A","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Chemical character of public water supplies of the larger cities of Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp1460A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1460","chapter":"A","title":"Chemical character of public water supplies of the larger cities of Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1460A","usgsCitation":"Lohr, E.W., 1954, Chemical character of public water supplies of the larger cities of Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1460, iv, 39 p. :map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1460A.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1460a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27745,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1460a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e47ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohr, E. W.","contributorId":48155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}