Coastal droughts have a different dynamic than upland droughts, which are typically characterized by agricultural, hydrologic, meteorological, and (or) socioeconomic effects. Drought uniquely affects coastal ecosystems because of changes in the salinity conditions of estuarine creeks and rivers. The location of the freshwater-saltwater interface in surface-water bodies is an important factor in the ecological and socioeconomic dynamics of coastal communities. To address the data and information gap for characterizing coastal drought, the Coastal Salinity Index (CSI) was developed by using salinity data. The CSI uses a computational approach similar to the Standardized Precipitation Index. The CSI can be computed for unique time intervals (for example 1-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month intervals) to characterize short- and long-term drought (saline) conditions, as well as wet (high freshwater inflow) conditions.
To encourage the use of the CSI in current and future research endeavors, this investigation addressed three activities to enhance the use and application of the CSI. First, a software package was developed for the consistent computation of the CSI that includes preprocessing of salinity data, filling missing data, computing the CSI, post-processing, and generating the supporting metadata. This software package is available for download from the U.S. Geological Survey GitLab repository. Second, the CSI has been computed at sites along the southeastern Atlantic coast (Florida to North Carolina) and the Gulf of Mexico (Texas to Florida) to increase the opportunity for linking the CSI to ecological response data. Third, using telemetered salinity data, the real-time computation of the CSI has been prototyped and disseminated on the web.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191090","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Integrated Drought Information System","usgsCitation":"Petkewich, M.D., Lackstrom, K., McCloskey, B.J., Rouen, L.F, and Conrads, P.A., 2019, Coastal Salinity Index along the southeastern Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico, 1983 to 2018 (ver. 1.1, April 2023): U.S. Geological Survey\nOpen-File Report 2019–1090, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191090.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 26 p.; Appendix; Data Release","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-105920","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499716,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109078.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415336,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1090/versionHist.txt","size":"1 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":415335,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1090/ofr20191090_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"1.68 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1090 Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"—Coastal Salinity Index User Guide"},{"id":415334,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1090/ofr20191090.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1090"},{"id":367860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1090/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":367858,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MQLNL2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Coastal Salinity Index for Monitoring Drought"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico Coast, South Atlantic Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.5439453125,\n 17.45547257997284\n ],\n [\n -65.21484375,\n 17.45547257997284\n ],\n [\n -65.21484375,\n 18.95824648598139\n ],\n [\n -67.5439453125,\n 18.95824648598139\n ],\n [\n -67.5439453125,\n 17.45547257997284\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.61328125,\n 24.487148563173424\n ],\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 24.487148563173424\n ],\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -98.61328125,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -98.61328125,\n 24.487148563173424\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: October 1, 2019; Version 1.1: April 6, 2023","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
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720 Gracern Road
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Numerical models for predicting sediment concentrations and transport rely on parameters such as settling velocity and bed erodibility that describe sediment characteristics, yet these parameters are rarely probed directly. We investigated temporal and spatial variation in sediment parameters in the shallows of San Pablo Bay, CA. Flow, turbulence, and suspended sediment data were measured at sites located at 1 and 2 m below mean lower low water (MLLW) from November 2013 through April 2015, supplemented by monthlong periods in 2011, 2012, and 2016. Maximum current velocities were 0.40–0.47 m s-1 at these depths; the strongest currents decreased to 0.27–0.34 m s-1 during neap periods. Winters 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 experienced strong drought conditions, limiting the potential for seasonal impact on sediment conditions during this experiment. Despite this, the more storm‐influenced site showed clear changes during the winter: the roughness parameter decreased from 10−4 to 10−5 m, from hydrodynamically rough to smooth conditions, and bed erodibility increased by an order of magnitude. Median settling velocity was 2.05·10−4 m s-1; it varied twofold within a tidal cycle, decreasing as current velocity grew during flood and ebb. This tidal control on floc size affected settling velocity on the spring‐neap timescale, possibly driving a spring‐neap oscillation in erodibility. Our findings highlight variation in sediment dynamics that is commonly ignored in numerical models and the need for field observations to ground truth ongoing modeling efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2018JC014825","usgsCitation":"Allen, R., Lacy, J.R., Stacey, M.T., and Variano, E.A., 2019, Seasonal, spring-neap, and tidal variation in cohesive sediment transport parameters in estuarine shallows: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, v. 124, no. 11, p. 7265-7284, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014825.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"7265","endPage":"7284","ipdsId":"IP-103807","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pablo Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.57858276367186,\n 37.95827503526034\n ],\n [\n -122.23251342773438,\n 37.95827503526034\n ],\n [\n -122.23251342773438,\n 38.16479533621134\n ],\n [\n -122.57858276367186,\n 38.16479533621134\n ],\n [\n -122.57858276367186,\n 37.95827503526034\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Rachel 0000-0002-0287-6466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0287-6466","contributorId":216002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Rachel","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":201703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stacey, Mark T. 0000-0002-0952-2812","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0952-2812","contributorId":220770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stacey","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Variano, Evan A 0000-0001-5102-238X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-238X","contributorId":216003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Variano","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206775,"text":"70206775 - 2019 - Permeability anisotropy and relative permeability in sediments from the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02, offshore India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T10:48:55","indexId":"70206775","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T10:44:30","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2382,"text":"Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permeability anisotropy and relative permeability in sediments from the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02, offshore India","docAbstract":"Gas and water permeability through hydrate-bearing sediments essentially governs the economic feasibility of gas production from gas hydrate deposits. Characterizing a reservoir’s permeability can be difficult because even collocated permeability measurements can vary by 4-5 orders of magnitude, due partly to differences between how various testing methods inherently measure permeability in different directions and at different scales. This study uses a customized flow anisotropy cell to investigate geomechanical and hydrological properties of hydrate-bearing sediments focusing on permeability anisotropy (i.e., horizontal, kh, to vertical, kv, permeability ratio) and relative permeability. Two cores recovered during India’s National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 (NGHP-02) are tested in this study. Near in situ effective vertical stress, ~ 2MPa, the permeability anisotropy is approximately kh/kv = 1.86 for the “seal core” (from a fine-grained non-reservoir overburden sedimentary section) and kh/kv = 4.24 for the gas hydrate reservoir score with tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate saturation Sh = 0.8. Permeability anisotropy increases exponentially with effective vertical stress, as described by kh/kv = α(σv/MPa)^β, with α = 1.6, β = 0.22 for seal sediment and α = 3, β = 0.5 for THF hydrate-bearing sediment. Results imply the measured permeability from permeameter tests with vertical flow may underestimate the reservoir’s flow performance, which is mainly horizontal (radial) toward a vertical well. Hydrates in sediment increase the gas-entry pressure and residual water saturation, but decrease the water retention curve’s shape factor (m), resulting in a steeper curve. Distributions of available pore space sizes for flow in sediment with and without THF hydrate (Sh = 0.8) follow a log-normal distribution. Hydrate formation decreases the apparent mean pore size from ~10 µm to ~2 µm, without evidently changing the pore size distribution's standard deviation. Gas hydrate dissociation increases effective permeability and relative permeability to gas.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.08.016","usgsCitation":"Dai, S., Kim, J., Xu, Y., Waite, W., Jang, J., Yoneda, J., Collett, T.S., and Kumar, P., 2019, Permeability anisotropy and relative permeability in sediments from the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02, offshore India: Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 705-713, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.08.016.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"713","ipdsId":"IP-096021","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dai, Sheng","contributorId":213194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dai","given":"Sheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38715,"text":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, J.","contributorId":9813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Yue","contributorId":220833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Yue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jang, Junbong 0000-0001-5500-7558 jjang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-7558","contributorId":189400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jang","given":"Junbong","email":"jjang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yoneda, J.","contributorId":195813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yoneda","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kumar, Pushpendra","contributorId":54886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"Pushpendra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70206777,"text":"70206777 - 2019 - Pressure core based onshore laboratory analysis on mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments recovered during India's National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition (NGHP) 02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T10:38:49","indexId":"70206777","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T10:32:20","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pressure core based onshore laboratory analysis on mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments recovered during India's National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition (NGHP) 02","docAbstract":"A solid understanding of the mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments is essential for the safe and economic development of methane hydrate as an energy resource. In 2015, 104 pressure cores were collected, recovering sediments from above and within concentrated hydrate reservoirs in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, as part of India’s National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 (NGHP-02). These cores provided minimally-disturbed sediment, retained at pressures and temperatures within the hydrate stability field, for the first-ever systematic triaxial test of dozens of subsections of hydrate-bearing pressure core sediments. Post-cruise testing in Japan, evaluated multiple physical and hydro-mechanical properties. Consolidated drained and undrained triaxial compression tests, uniaxial (unconfined in effective stress) compression tests, multistage consolidation and compression tests, and alternating strain-rate compression tests were also performed. Triaxial compression test results showed an increase in the strength and stiffness, as well as the positive dilatancy, with increasing hydrate saturation, supporting previous research on laboratory-formed and natural hydrate-bearing sediments. However, some strength results in this study were low compared to prior analyses of hydrate-bearing sediments. This low strength was likely caused by the host sediment’s small particle size and loose packing, and the relatively slow applied compression strain rate. Results from uniaxial compression and multi-step compression tests confirmed that pore-space hydrates produce an apparent cohesion in hydrate-bearing sediment. More severe strength loss in sediments during the initial loading for multistage compression was also attributable to the presence of hydrates. The applicability of this multistage compression test for determining in situ properties was not confirmed, but results do provide bounds on the in situ values. Finally, from the variable strain-rate tests, it was revealed that strength in hydrate-bearing sediment has a large strain-rate dependence.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.09.005","usgsCitation":"Yoneda, J., Oshima, M., Kida, M., Kato, A., Konno, Y., Jin, Y., Jang, J., Waite, W., Kumar, P., and Tenma, N., 2019, Pressure core based onshore laboratory analysis on mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments recovered during India's National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition (NGHP) 02: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 482-501, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.09.005.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"482","endPage":"501","ipdsId":"IP-096279","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.09.005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yoneda, J.","contributorId":195813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yoneda","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oshima, Motoi","contributorId":220829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oshima","given":"Motoi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kida, Masato","contributorId":220830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kida","given":"Masato","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kato, Akira","contributorId":220831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kato","given":"Akira","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Konno, Yoshihiro","contributorId":220815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Konno","given":"Yoshihiro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40279,"text":"The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jin, Yusuke","contributorId":220832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jin","given":"Yusuke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jang, Junbong 0000-0001-5500-7558 jjang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-7558","contributorId":189400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jang","given":"Junbong","email":"jjang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kumar, Pushpendra","contributorId":54886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"Pushpendra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tenma, Norio","contributorId":220803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tenma","given":"Norio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40273,"text":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70206779,"text":"70206779 - 2019 - Physical property characteristics of gas hydrate-bearing reservoir and associated seal sediments collected during NGHP-02 in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, in the offshore of India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T10:31:18","indexId":"70206779","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T10:28:31","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical property characteristics of gas hydrate-bearing reservoir and associated seal sediments collected during NGHP-02 in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, in the offshore of India","docAbstract":"India’s National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 (NGHP-02), was conducted to better understand geologic controls on gas hydrate occurrence and morphology, targeting potentially coarse-grained sediments near the base of the continental slope offshore eastern India. This study combines seismic, logging-while-drilling data, and a petroleum systems approach to provide a regional geologic context for the core- and grain-scale analyses. This multi-scale approach provides insight on the gas hydrate distribution, morphology and anticipated system response to depressurization-induced methane extraction. The study area, NGHP-02 Area B in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, contains a buried anticline/syncline structure that hosts fracture-filling gas hydrate in fine-grained sediment overlying coarser sediments with pore-occupying gas hydrate. Core- and grain-scale measurements show fine-grained sediment exerts a primary control on the distribution and morphology of gas hydrate in Area B. Diatoms in the fine-grained overburden cause porosity to increase with depth, reaching ~70% at the underlying reservoir contact. High porosity, combined with near-vertical faults, suggests the overlying sediment is an imperfect seal. This allows methane to escape the gas hydrate reservoir sediments and form primarily grain-displacing gas hydrate veins in the fine-grained overburden. Within the reservoir, fine-grained layers are interbedded with coarser-grained gas hydrate reservoir sands. Even in the reservoir sands, however, a soil classification study shows the fines content is high enough to control hydraulic and mechanical properties, such as permeability, compressibility and shear strength. Fluid motion during methane extraction from gas hydrates can mobilize those fines, which can then clog pore throats, limiting production rates. Pore-water freshening during gas hydrate dissociation can increase fines mobilization, particularly given the smectite identified in the fine-grained interbeds. Accounting for fines content and specific fines mineralogy throughout the gas hydrate petroleum system is important for predicting production efficiency from gas hydrate occurrences along the crest of the anticline in NGHP-02 Area B.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.09.027","usgsCitation":"Jang, J., Waite, W., Stern, L.A., Collett, T.S., and Kumar, P., 2019, Physical property characteristics of gas hydrate-bearing reservoir and associated seal sediments collected during NGHP-02 in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, in the offshore of India: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 249-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.09.027.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"271","ipdsId":"IP-097105","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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Predicting whether a gas hydrate reservoir is viable as an energy resource requires enhanced understanding of the reservoir’s compressibility and susceptibility to particle crushing in response to elevated effective stress because of their impact on the long-term permeability and geomechanical stability of the reservoir. This study investigates physical and geomechanical properties of natural sediments with and without tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate subjected to high effective stresses of up to 25 MPa. Experimental results show the stiffness of hydrate-free sediments is mainly governed by the stress state and history, while the stiffness of hydrate-bearing sediments reflects both the grain supporting nature of the interconnected hydrate phase and stress effects. The Poisson’s ratio of hydrate-bearing sediments at low stresses is dominated by the Poisson’s ratio of the interconnected pore-filling phases, and dominated at high stresses by elastic properties of both the skeleton and pore-filling phases. The stress-void ratio responses of hydrate-bearing sediments above the pre-consolidation stress yields a slightly convex-downward trend, suggesting compressibility is influenced by the stiffness of THF hydrate and sediment grains rather than only by void space reduction. The shape of the compression index (Cc) trend may be attributed to an increasing effective gas hydrate saturation as the total pore volume decreases under loading. The results also show that the presence of THF hydrate in sediments can mitigate particle crushing by suppressing particle rearrangement and supporting a portion of the load that would otherwise have to be carried by the sediment. Therefore, the loss of hydrate crystals during gas production may exacerbate sand crushing.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.07.012","usgsCitation":"Kim, J., Dai, S., Jang, J., Waite, W., Collett, T.S., and Kumar, P., 2019, Compressibility and particle crushing of Krishna-Godavari Basin sediments from offshore India: Implications for gas production from deep-water gas hydrate deposits: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 697-704, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.07.012.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"697","endPage":"704","ipdsId":"IP-096027","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.07.012","text":"Publisher Index 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kumar, Pushpendra","contributorId":54886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"Pushpendra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70224313,"text":"70224313 - 2019 - Assessing spatial and temporal patterns in sagebrush steppe vegetation communities 2012-2018: Grand Teton National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-21T15:19:01.808001","indexId":"70224313","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T10:09:43","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/GRYN/NRR-2019/2020","title":"Assessing spatial and temporal patterns in sagebrush steppe vegetation communities 2012-2018: Grand Teton National Park","docAbstract":"Visual cover class data were collected on over 80 species across 30 permanent sampling frames in sagebrush steppe vegetation communities in Grand Teton National Park from 2012 to 2018. In this report, temporal and spatial patterns in species composition were assessed and used to inform potential sampling strategies for future monitoring. Specifically, the viability of a reduction in sampling effort was evaluated based on the similarity in species composition within each frame over time and among frames within each year.
Using distance-based ordination techniques, we found little to no evidence of differences in species composition within each frame over time. Furthermore, there was little evidence of heterogeneity in species composition among frames within each year, though there was some evidence of differences in composition between the two principle sagebrush community types (sagebrush dry shrubland and sagebrush-bitterbrush) aggregated across frames. Based on these results, we propose that a reduction in sampling effort is viable and suggest a new monitoring schedule.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Stratton, C., Hoegh, A., Irvine, K., Legg, K., McCloskey, K., Shanahan, E.K., Tercek, M., and Thoma, D., 2019, Assessing spatial and temporal patterns in sagebrush steppe vegetation communities 2012-2018: Grand Teton National Park: Natural Resource Report NPS/GRYN/NRR-2019/2020, v, 24 p.","productDescription":"v, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108962","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":389547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/631136"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.91522216796875,\n 43.530629170442424\n ],\n [\n -110.41259765625,\n 43.530629170442424\n ],\n [\n -110.41259765625,\n 44.10139306449849\n ],\n [\n -110.91522216796875,\n 44.10139306449849\n ],\n [\n -110.91522216796875,\n 43.530629170442424\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stratton, Christian","contributorId":265905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stratton","given":"Christian","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoegh, Andrew","contributorId":265906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoegh","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":265898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Legg, Kristin","contributorId":265907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Legg","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCloskey, Kelly","contributorId":265908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCloskey","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shanahan, Erin K.","contributorId":265909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shanahan","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tercek, Mike","contributorId":265910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tercek","given":"Mike","affiliations":[{"id":54820,"text":"Walking Shadow Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thoma, David","contributorId":265911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thoma","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70219531,"text":"70219531 - 2019 - Using oblique imagery to measure hypsometric changes in sandbar volume following controlled floods in the Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T15:22:25.999609","indexId":"70219531","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T08:52:51","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using oblique imagery to measure hypsometric changes in sandbar volume following controlled floods in the Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"Measuring changes in the elevation distribution of sub-aerial fine (< 2 mm ) sediment and estimating sandbar volume multiple times per year can improve sediment budget calculations in fluvial systems. In the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, effects of dam operations on sandbar size and distribution is of long-term management interest. Bar-building controlled floods have been implemented in 1996, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2018 to mitigate sandbar erosion. Annual topographic surveys provide a single measurement of sandbar change caused by the integrated effects of all flows in one year (both controlled floods and normal dam releases), but do not measure erosion and deposition caused by specific operations or individual floods. On one sandbar monitoring site in Grand Canyon, we demonstrate that imagery from autonomous digital cameras can be used to provide quantitative measures of sandbar hypsometry several times per year without costly and labor-intensive surveys. We describe methods for measuring changes in the storage of fine sediment at monthly or seasonal timescales by constructing hypsometric (area-elevation relation) curves. These curves are created and updated with sandbar area measurements from georectified images taken multiple times each day. As the water surface elevation fluctuates with daily, seasonal, and monthly discharge patterns, sandbar area and volume can be estimated using known stage-discharge relationships. We present parameters extracted from image-derived hypsometries to estimate sandbar volume and elevation relief ratio, which provides a new way to quantitatively measure monthly or seasonal changes in fine sediment storage.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SEDHYD 2019","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"SEDHYD 2019 Conference","conferenceDate":"June 24-28, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference (FISC) and Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference (FIHMC)","usgsCitation":"Lima, R., Buscombe, D.D., Sankey, T.T., Grams, P.E., and Mueller, E., 2019, Using oblique imagery to measure hypsometric changes in sandbar volume following controlled floods in the Grand Canyon, in Proceedings of SEDHYD 2019, v. 5, Reno, NV, June 24-28, 2019, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-104887","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385035,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/2019/#sedhyd-2019-proceedings"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.0106201171875,\n 35.68853320738875\n ],\n [\n -111.37390136718749,\n 35.68853320738875\n ],\n [\n -111.37390136718749,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -114.0106201171875,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -114.0106201171875,\n 35.68853320738875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lima, Ryan","contributorId":257397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lima","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":198817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen T.","contributorId":173297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7202,"text":"NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":216115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mueller, Erich R. 0000-0001-8202-154X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-154X","contributorId":207750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Erich R.","affiliations":[{"id":37626,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70259333,"text":"70259333 - 2019 - Monitoring, forecasting collapse events, and mapping pyroclastic deposits at Sinabung volcano with satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-04T13:56:02.834055","indexId":"70259333","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T08:47:22","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring, forecasting collapse events, and mapping pyroclastic deposits at Sinabung volcano with satellite imagery","docAbstract":"During the ongoing (2013–present) eruption of Sinabung volcano, north Sumatra, we have routinely used a variety of satellite remote sensing data to observe and forecast lava dome and lava flow collapse events, to map the resulting pyroclastic deposits, and to estimate effusion rates. In this paper, we focus on the first two years of the current eruption (September 2013–December 2015), and we summarize major events in 2016. We divide the eruption into 5 major phases: 1) phreatomagmatic (July 2013–18 December 2013), 2) first dome growth and collapse (18 December 2013–10 January 2014), 3) lava-flow (10 January 2014–mid-September 2014), 4) second lava dome and collapse (mid-September 2014–July 2015), 5) lava dome collapse and ash explosion phase (August 2015–present). Throughout the eruption, remotely sensed information has been instrumental in assessing the stability of the lava dome and flow and to forecast collapse events that produce pyroclastic density currents (PDCs: block-and-ash flows, co-ignimbrite surges, and blasts). Forecasts based on remote sensing data in combination with seismic, geodetic and gas-monitoring data have also helped inform decisions related to alert levels and evacuations. Relatively unusual aspects of the Sinabung eruption include the transition from dome to flow morphology (phase 2 to phase 3 transition) and the frequent occurrence during phase 3 of collapses from the lava flow-front and flow-margins—collapses that produced extensive pyroclastic density currents. By analogy to the well-known “Merapi type” collapses and pyroclastic deposits, we propose that lava flow-front and flow-margin collapses with associated PDCs be known as “Sinabung type.” Although detailed study of deposits has not been possible due to continuing hazards, our observations suggest that the transition from lava dome to lava flow and the occurrence of flow-front and flow-margin collapses reflect a particular combination of lava viscosity and steepness of slope. Our observations also show clear evidence of at least one slope-parallel high-velocity and dilute PDC (a “blast”) that emanated from a lava-margin collapse site 500 m downslope from the vent. This 1 February 2014 blast downed and singed a forest out to at least 3.9 km from the collapse site and killed 16 people. We also use a combination of field and remotely sensed data to map the distribution of Sinabung deposits. We estimate eruptive volumes and extrusion rates by combining sequential measurements of lava surface and pyroclastic flow areas with thickness estimates derived from simple geometric assumptions, oblique photographs and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) derived from remotely sensed data. Our estimates of short-term effusion rates vary widely on a daily to weekly basis, from <1 to >20 m3 s−1. In a few cases, periods of increased extrusion precede lava flow-front collapses by a few days to a week, suggesting delays in transmittance of effusion pulses as lava moves from vent to flow front. We find that, as of 1 January 2016, the total area of deposits is 107 m2, and their approximate deposit volume is about 0.3 km3, equivalent to 0.2 km3 Dense Rock Equivalent (DRE). We anticipate that our deposit maps will be valuable in the future as a framework for the study of the magmatic and textural evolution of eruptive products through time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.05.012","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J.S., Wessels, R., Griswold, J.P., McCausland, W.A., Kartadinata, N., Gunawan, H., Budianto, A., and Primulyana, S., 2019, Monitoring, forecasting collapse events, and mapping pyroclastic deposits at Sinabung volcano with satellite imagery: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 382, p. 149-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.05.012.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"163","ipdsId":"IP-077545","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.05.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":462593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","otherGeospatial":"Sinabung volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 97.99743834932508,\n 3.449644799978927\n ],\n [\n 97.99743834932508,\n 2.1401582830417425\n ],\n [\n 99.24416582769311,\n 2.1401582830417425\n ],\n [\n 99.24416582769311,\n 3.449644799978927\n ],\n [\n 97.99743834932508,\n 3.449644799978927\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"382","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wessels, Rick 0000-0001-9711-6402 rwessels@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-6402","contributorId":198602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessels","given":"Rick","email":"rwessels@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griswold, Julia P. 0000-0001-5597-5030 griswold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-5030","contributorId":202823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griswold","given":"Julia","email":"griswold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCausland, Wendy A. 0000-0002-8683-1440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-1440","contributorId":204380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCausland","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kartadinata, Nugraha","contributorId":344903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kartadinata","given":"Nugraha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37068,"text":"CVGHM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gunawan, Hendra","contributorId":344904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunawan","given":"Hendra","affiliations":[{"id":37068,"text":"CVGHM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Budianto, Agus","contributorId":344905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Budianto","given":"Agus","affiliations":[{"id":37068,"text":"CVGHM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Primulyana, Sofyan","contributorId":344906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Primulyana","given":"Sofyan","affiliations":[{"id":37068,"text":"CVGHM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70206799,"text":"70206799 - 2019 - Preface: Marine gas hydrate reservoir systems along the eastern continental margin of India: Results of the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-26T06:30:15","indexId":"70206799","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T08:31:35","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2382,"text":"Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preface: Marine gas hydrate reservoir systems along the eastern continental margin of India: Results of the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02","docAbstract":"The 2015 India National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) Expedition 02 was conducted to obtain new information on the occurrence of gas hydrate systems and to advance the understanding of geologic controls on the formation of gas hydrate accumulations in the offshore of India. The ultimate goal of the NGHP effort is to assess the energy resource potential of marine gas hydrates in India. The Guest Editors for this special thematic issue of the Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology (JMPG) have worked with more than 100 scientists and engineers to prepare the 45 individual reports included in this special issue to address the operational and technical contributions of the NGHP-02 Expedition. This thematic issue on natural gas hydrates in the offshore of India is built on the foundation of five previous JMPG thematic issues that focused on the scientific results of other marine gas hydrate expeditions. These foundational contributions include: (1) the “Scientific Results of the 2005 USDOE-Chevron JIP Drilling for Methane Hydrates Objectives in the Gulf of Mexico” (Volume 25, Issue 9, November 2008), (2) the “Resource and Hazard Implications of Gas Hydrates in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Results of the 2009 Joint Industry Project Leg II Drilling Expedition” (Volume 34, Issue 1, June 2012), (3) the “Scientific Results of the Second Gas Hydrate Drilling Expedition in the Ulleung Basin (UBGH2), East Sea of Korea” (Volume 47, November 2013), (4) “Geologic Implications of Gas Hydrates in the Offshore of India: Results of the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01” (Volume 58, Part A, December 2014), and (5) “Gas Hydrate Drilling in Eastern Nankai” (Volume 66, Part 2, September 2015). The NGHP-02 Expedition was conducted from 03-March- 2015 to 28-July- 2015 off the eastern coast of India. The first two months of the expedition were dedicated to establishing 25 new research sites that featured the drilling of a dedicated downhole logging hole at each site. The next three months of the NGHP-02 Expedition were dedicated to sediment coring and other downhole measurement operations at 10 of the sites established during the expedition’s first phase. The results of downhole logging, coring and formation pressure testing operations during NGHP-02 have confirmed the presence of large, highly concentrated gas hydrate accumulations in coarse-grained, sand-rich depositional systems throughout large portions of the Krishna-Godavari Basin. Post expedition research and reporting efforts included collaborative analysis of the unprecedented number of shipboard acquired data sets and core samples obtained during NGHP-02. The presentation of the scientific results of the NGHP-02 Expedition has culminated in the publication of the NGHP Expedition 02 Scientific Results Volume, which is represented by this Special Issue of the Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology. This Special Issue features a series of four reports that summarize the operational and scientific results of NGHP-02 Expedition that are presented in the 41 technical reports included this Special Issue. The first summary report, “India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02: Operational and Technical Summary,” focuses on reviewing the tools and operational procedures for the NGHP-02 Expedition that led to the acquisition of an unprecedented amount of high-quality downhole logging and core data from numerous pore-filling, fracture-filling, and sediment-displacement type gas hydrate occurrences. The summary report titled “India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 Summary of Scientific Results: Gas Hydrate Systems Along the Eastern Continental Margin of India” documents gas hydrate occurrences discovered during the NGHP-02 Expedition and examines geologic controls on the gas hydrate systems along the Eastern Continental Margin of India.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.03.005","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., Kumar, P., Boswell, R., and Waite, W., 2019, Preface: Marine gas hydrate reservoir systems along the eastern continental margin of India: Results of the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02: Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.03.005.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","ipdsId":"IP-106500","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[77.83745,35.49401],[78.91227,34.32194],[78.81109,33.5062],[79.20889,32.99439],[79.17613,32.48378],[78.45845,32.61816],[78.73889,31.51591],[79.72137,30.88271],[81.11126,30.18348],[80.47672,29.72987],[80.08842,28.79447],[81.0572,28.4161],[81.99999,27.92548],[83.30425,27.36451],[84.67502,27.2349],[85.25178,26.7262],[86.02439,26.63098],[87.22747,26.3979],[88.06024,26.41462],[88.1748,26.81041],[88.04313,27.44582],[88.12044,27.87654],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.83564,27.09897],[89.74453,26.7194],[90.37327,26.87572],[91.21751,26.80865],[92.03348,26.83831],[92.10371,27.45261],[91.69666,27.77174],[92.50312,27.89688],[93.41335,28.64063],[94.56599,29.27744],[95.4048,29.03172],[96.11768,29.4528],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.24883,28.41103],[97.32711,28.26158],[97.40256,27.88254],[97.05199,27.69906],[97.134,27.08377],[96.41937,27.26459],[95.12477,26.57357],[95.15515,26.00131],[94.60325,25.1625],[94.55266,24.67524],[94.10674,23.85074],[93.32519,24.07856],[93.28633,23.04366],[93.06029,22.70311],[93.16613,22.27846],[92.67272,22.04124],[92.14603,23.6275],[91.86993,23.62435],[91.70648,22.98526],[91.15896,23.50353],[91.46773,24.07264],[91.91509,24.13041],[92.3762,24.97669],[91.7996,25.14743],[90.87221,25.1326],[89.92069,25.26975],[89.83248,25.96508],[89.35509,26.01441],[88.56305,26.44653],[88.20979,25.76807],[88.93155,25.23869],[88.30637,24.86608],[88.08442,24.50166],[88.69994,24.23371],[88.52977,23.63114],[88.87631,22.87915],[89.03196,22.05571],[88.88877,21.69059],[88.2085,21.70317],[86.9757,21.49556],[87.03317,20.74331],[86.49935,20.15164],[85.06027,19.47858],[83.94101,18.30201],[83.18922,17.67122],[82.19279,17.01664],[82.19124,16.55666],[81.69272,16.31022],[80.792,15.95197],[80.3249,15.89918],[80.02507,15.13641],[80.23327,13.83577],[80.28629,13.00626],[79.86255,12.05622],[79.858,10.35728],[79.34051,10.30885],[78.88535,9.54614],[79.18972,9.21654],[78.27794,8.93305],[77.94117,8.25296],[77.5399,7.96553],[76.59298,8.89928],[76.13006,10.29963],[75.74647,11.30825],[75.3961,11.78125],[74.86482,12.74194],[74.61672,13.99258],[74.44386,14.61722],[73.5342,15.99065],[73.11991,17.92857],[72.82091,19.20823],[72.82448,20.4195],[72.63053,21.35601],[71.17527,20.75744],[70.47046,20.87733],[69.16413,22.0893],[69.64493,22.45077],[69.3496,22.84318],[68.17665,23.69197],[68.8426,24.35913],[71.04324,24.35652],[70.8447,25.2151],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.16893,26.49187],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.6165,27.9892],[71.77767,27.91318],[72.82375,28.96159],[73.45064,29.97641],[74.42138,30.97981],[74.40593,31.69264],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.45156,32.7649],[74.10429,33.44147],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.2402,34.74889],[75.75706,34.50492],[76.87172,34.65354],[77.83745,35.49401]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"India\"}}]}","volume":"108","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kumar, Pushpendra","contributorId":220793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Pushpendra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40268,"text":"Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, India","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boswell, Ray","contributorId":173139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boswell","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17887,"text":"National Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Energy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waite, William 0000-0003-9857-8074 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-9857-8074","contributorId":220794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206321,"text":"70206321 - 2019 - Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection of nonnative bullseye snakehead in southern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-31T11:03:57","indexId":"70206321","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T08:29:11","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection of nonnative bullseye snakehead in southern Florida","docAbstract":"Bullseye Snakehead Channa marulius (Hamilton 1822) was first detected in the southern Florida town of Tamarac in 2000 and has been expanding its geographic range since. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a newly-developed technique used to noninvasively detect cryptic or low-density species or those that are logistically difficult-to-study. Genetic \nmaterial shed into the environment through tissue and body fluids is concentrated from water samples and analyzed for the presence of target species eDNA. To help delineate Bullseye Snakehead’s geographic range, we developed and validated a species-specific eDNA assay for both quantitative and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). We then used ddPCR to assess 16 locations in southeast Florida using 222 water samples collected from 2015 to 2018. Positive eDNA detections were obtained at all six locations that were within the known geographic range of Bullseye Snakehead. Furthermore, eDNA was detected in six of 10 locations that were previously thought to be outside the periphery of the range but hydrologically connected through the extensive canal system. Over the four years of sampling, estimated occurrence rates (ψ) remained stable and relatively high (ψ = 0.67 [95% credible interval (CI) 0.33–0.95]) near Tamarac, Florida, as compared to the most southern sampling locations (ψ = 0.0–0.37). Bulls-\neye Snakehead eDNA estimated occurrence rates in the middle region increased between 2016 (0.28 [95% CI 0.03–0.94]) and 2017 (0.66 [95% CI 0.24–0.98]), potentially reflecting eDNA detections related to a growing or expanding population. Bullseye Snakehead eDNA was detected at low concentrations on the northern and eastern borders of Everglades National Park, which is an important conservation area and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Despite extensive sampling via electrofishing, no Bullseye Snakehead were visually detected in several locations that yielded positive eDNA samples. It is unclear whether eDNA was transported through flowing water or another vector. To date, collection records for this species are confined to urban canals; however, Bullseye Snakehead may use the interconnected system of canals to disperse to natural conservation areas such as Everglades National Park, Big Cypress National Preserve, and Water Conservation Areas, where it may impact native species via predation and competition.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the first international snakehead symposium, American Fisheries Society symposium 89","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Hunter, M., Schofield, P., Meigs-Friend, G., Brown, M., and Ferrante, J., 2019, Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection of nonnative bullseye snakehead in southern Florida, in Proceedings of the first international snakehead symposium, American Fisheries Society symposium 89, v. 89, p. 115-135.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"135","ipdsId":"IP-106272","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368738,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/54089c/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Southern Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 27.994401411046148\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 27.994401411046148\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 24.206889622398023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"89","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, Margaret 0000-0002-4760-9302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302","contributorId":214739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schofield, Pam 0000-0002-8752-2797","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":204138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pam","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meigs-Friend, Gaia 0000-0001-5181-7510","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5181-7510","contributorId":214957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meigs-Friend","given":"Gaia","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Mary 0000-0002-5580-137X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5580-137X","contributorId":204330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Mary","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferrante, Jason 0000-0003-3453-4636","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-4636","contributorId":214950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrante","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70206800,"text":"70206800 - 2019 - Formation pressure and fluid flow measurements in marine gas hydrate reservoirs, NGHP-02 expedition, offshore India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T08:28:35","indexId":"70206800","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T08:26:04","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2382,"text":"Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation pressure and fluid flow measurements in marine gas hydrate reservoirs, NGHP-02 expedition, offshore India","docAbstract":"Open Hole Modular Dynamic Testing (MDT) measurements were conducted in a gas hydrate-bearing sand-rich reservoir offshore India during the National Gas Hydrate Program 02 (NGHP-02) Expedition. The primary goal of this test was to obtain effective reservoir petrophysical properties in the presence of gas hydrates. The test plan included a series of pre-hydrate dissociation flow and build-up (shut-in) tests, and an attempt to dissociate gas hydrate in a sand-rich reservoir by depressurization to collect formation fluid samples and to further characterize in situ gas hydrate stability conditions. Schlumberger’s wireline MDT tool was used in a dual-packer configuration to isolate the formation being tested.\n\nThis paper presents the results of the open hole MDT measurements that were conducted in Hole NGHP-02-23-C in Krishna-Godavari Basin at a water depth of 2553.5 m. The MDT dual packer test was conducted in 27 cm (10.63 in) diameter open hole section of the borehole within a 1-m interval isolated between two inflatable packers with the midpoint of the test interval at 2853.0 meter below rig floor (mbrf) (271.0 meter below sea floor (mbsf)). This was the first gas hydrate MDT test ever conducted in ultradeep water to characterize a gas hydrate reservoir system. Pre-hydrate dissociation testing was performed with a drawdown period (depressurization) of 20 minutes followed by a build-up (shut-in) of 20 minutes. The measured formation pressure was 4090.7 psia and the formation fluid (i.e., water) mobility was calculated at 1.98 mD/cP. During the second dissociation phase of the same test a maximum pressure drawdown of 840 psia was achieved; however, falling short of the 1120 psia drawdown required for dissociation. During the dissociation test the flow line pressure stabilized at a flowing pressure of 3250 psia which can be attributed to the relatively high mobility of the free water phase in the hydrate-bearing reservoir. Good quality formation pressure and near well bore mobility data was acquired that yielded a “high confidence” reservoir effective radial permeability-thickness product of 0.2 mD.m (or a horizontal effective permeability of 0.1 mD assuming a reservoir thicknees of 1.8 m) using pressure transient analysis (radial flow regime was achieved) despite unstable borehole conditions and complex operations in these shallow unconsolidated sedimentary sections.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.11.035","usgsCitation":"Kumar, P., Collett, T.S., Yadav, U., and Singh, J., 2019, Formation pressure and fluid flow measurements in marine gas hydrate reservoirs, NGHP-02 expedition, offshore India: Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 609-618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.11.035.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"618","ipdsId":"IP-103515","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1636237","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[77.83745,35.49401],[78.91227,34.32194],[78.81109,33.5062],[79.20889,32.99439],[79.17613,32.48378],[78.45845,32.61816],[78.73889,31.51591],[79.72137,30.88271],[81.11126,30.18348],[80.47672,29.72987],[80.08842,28.79447],[81.0572,28.4161],[81.99999,27.92548],[83.30425,27.36451],[84.67502,27.2349],[85.25178,26.7262],[86.02439,26.63098],[87.22747,26.3979],[88.06024,26.41462],[88.1748,26.81041],[88.04313,27.44582],[88.12044,27.87654],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.83564,27.09897],[89.74453,26.7194],[90.37327,26.87572],[91.21751,26.80865],[92.03348,26.83831],[92.10371,27.45261],[91.69666,27.77174],[92.50312,27.89688],[93.41335,28.64063],[94.56599,29.27744],[95.4048,29.03172],[96.11768,29.4528],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.24883,28.41103],[97.32711,28.26158],[97.40256,27.88254],[97.05199,27.69906],[97.134,27.08377],[96.41937,27.26459],[95.12477,26.57357],[95.15515,26.00131],[94.60325,25.1625],[94.55266,24.67524],[94.10674,23.85074],[93.32519,24.07856],[93.28633,23.04366],[93.06029,22.70311],[93.16613,22.27846],[92.67272,22.04124],[92.14603,23.6275],[91.86993,23.62435],[91.70648,22.98526],[91.15896,23.50353],[91.46773,24.07264],[91.91509,24.13041],[92.3762,24.97669],[91.7996,25.14743],[90.87221,25.1326],[89.92069,25.26975],[89.83248,25.96508],[89.35509,26.01441],[88.56305,26.44653],[88.20979,25.76807],[88.93155,25.23869],[88.30637,24.86608],[88.08442,24.50166],[88.69994,24.23371],[88.52977,23.63114],[88.87631,22.87915],[89.03196,22.05571],[88.88877,21.69059],[88.2085,21.70317],[86.9757,21.49556],[87.03317,20.74331],[86.49935,20.15164],[85.06027,19.47858],[83.94101,18.30201],[83.18922,17.67122],[82.19279,17.01664],[82.19124,16.55666],[81.69272,16.31022],[80.792,15.95197],[80.3249,15.89918],[80.02507,15.13641],[80.23327,13.83577],[80.28629,13.00626],[79.86255,12.05622],[79.858,10.35728],[79.34051,10.30885],[78.88535,9.54614],[79.18972,9.21654],[78.27794,8.93305],[77.94117,8.25296],[77.5399,7.96553],[76.59298,8.89928],[76.13006,10.29963],[75.74647,11.30825],[75.3961,11.78125],[74.86482,12.74194],[74.61672,13.99258],[74.44386,14.61722],[73.5342,15.99065],[73.11991,17.92857],[72.82091,19.20823],[72.82448,20.4195],[72.63053,21.35601],[71.17527,20.75744],[70.47046,20.87733],[69.16413,22.0893],[69.64493,22.45077],[69.3496,22.84318],[68.17665,23.69197],[68.8426,24.35913],[71.04324,24.35652],[70.8447,25.2151],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.16893,26.49187],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.6165,27.9892],[71.77767,27.91318],[72.82375,28.96159],[73.45064,29.97641],[74.42138,30.97981],[74.40593,31.69264],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.45156,32.7649],[74.10429,33.44147],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.2402,34.74889],[75.75706,34.50492],[76.87172,34.65354],[77.83745,35.49401]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"India\"}}]}","volume":"108","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumar, Pushpendra","contributorId":212239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Pushpendra","affiliations":[{"id":38465,"text":"Oil and Natural Gas Corp. Panvel, Navi Mumbai, India","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yadav, U.S.","contributorId":127763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yadav","given":"U.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7141,"text":"Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, KDM Institute of Petroleum Exploration, India","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singh, Juli","contributorId":220817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Juli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206802,"text":"70206802 - 2019 - India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition-02: Operational and technical summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T08:25:02","indexId":"70206802","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T08:23:28","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2382,"text":"Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition-02: Operational and technical summary","docAbstract":"The India National Gas Hydrate Program is being steered by the government of India's Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) with participation of Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH), Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC), and the National Oil Companies and Research Institutes of India. The India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 (NGHP-01) established the presence of gas hydrate in the Krishna Godavari (KG) and Mahanadi Basins and in the offshore area of the Andaman Sea Basin. However, the gas hydrates discovered during NGHP-01 were mainly distributed as fracture-filling material in fine-grained clay-rich sediments. The India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 (NGHP-02) was carried out with an objective to discover gas hydrate in sand-rich sediment along the eastern offshore margin of India. ONGC planned and executed NGHP-02 on the behalf of the MoPNG.\n\nNGHP-02 started on March 3, 2015 and was completed on July 28, 2015 (total 147 days) using the Japanese scientific Drilling Vessel Chikyu (D/V Chikyu). During NGHP-02, 42 holes at 25 sites were drilled, cored, and/or surveyed with downhole logging tools. These sites were located in four areas along the eastern margin of India and formally named Area A (Mahanadi Basin, three sites), Area B (northern part of the KG-Basin, twelve sites), Area C (central part of the KG-Basin, six sites), and Area E (southern part to the KG-Basin, four sites). All 25 sites established during NGHP-02 were first drilled and logged with logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools and an additional 17 holes were then drilled and/or cored with conventional coring tools (HPCS/ESCS) or pressure coring tools (PCTB). Wireline logging was conducted in 10 holes and formation tests using a dual packer Modular Formation Dynamics Tester (MDT) tool were carried out in two holes.\n\nThe onboard science team used the laboratory facilities on the D/V Chikyu to examine and analyse the physical properties, geochemistry, and sedimentology of all the cores collected during the expedition. Core samples were also analysed in additional post-expedition shore-based studies conducted in numerous domestic and international gas hydrate research laboratories. The NGHP-02 sediment cores were archived at the National Gas Hydrate Core Repository in Mumbai (India), which is associated with the ONGC Gas Hydrate Research and Technology Centre (GHRTC). The necessary data for characterizing the occurrence of gas hydrate, such as interstitial water chlorinities, core-derived gas chemistry, physical and sedimentological properties, thermal images of the recovered cores, pressure core and downhole measured logging data (LWD and/or conventional wireline log data), were obtained from most of the drill sites established during NGHP-02. Almost all the drill sites yielded evidence for the occurrence of gas hydrate; however, the inferred in situ concentration of gas hydrate varied substantially from site to site. For the most part, the interpretation of downhole logging data, core thermal images, interstitial water analyses, and pressure core images from the sites established during NGHP-02 indicate that the occurrence of concentrated gas hydrate is mostly associated with coarser grained (sand-rich) sediments. This paper presents the operational and technical summary of NGHP-02.\n\nNGHP-02 started on March 3, 2015 and was completed on July 28, 2015 (total 147 days) using the Japanese scientific Drilling Vessel Chikyu (D/V Chikyu). During NGHP-02, 42 holes at 25 sites were drilled, cored, and/or surveyed with downhole logging tools. These sites were located in four areas along the eastern margin of India and formally named Area A (Mahanadi Basin, three sites), Area B (northern part of the KG-Basin, twelve sites), Area C (central part of the KG-Basin, six sites), and Area E (southern part to the KG-Basin, four sites). All 25 sites established during NGHP-02 were first drilled and logged with logging-while-drilling (LWD) to","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.11.021","usgsCitation":"Kumar, P., Collett, T.S., K. M. Shukla, Yadav, U.S., Lall, M.V., and Krishna Vishwanath, 2019, India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition-02: Operational and technical summary: Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 3-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.11.021.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"38","ipdsId":"IP-103513","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1636323","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[77.83745,35.49401],[78.91227,34.32194],[78.81109,33.5062],[79.20889,32.99439],[79.17613,32.48378],[78.45845,32.61816],[78.73889,31.51591],[79.72137,30.88271],[81.11126,30.18348],[80.47672,29.72987],[80.08842,28.79447],[81.0572,28.4161],[81.99999,27.92548],[83.30425,27.36451],[84.67502,27.2349],[85.25178,26.7262],[86.02439,26.63098],[87.22747,26.3979],[88.06024,26.41462],[88.1748,26.81041],[88.04313,27.44582],[88.12044,27.87654],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.83564,27.09897],[89.74453,26.7194],[90.37327,26.87572],[91.21751,26.80865],[92.03348,26.83831],[92.10371,27.45261],[91.69666,27.77174],[92.50312,27.89688],[93.41335,28.64063],[94.56599,29.27744],[95.4048,29.03172],[96.11768,29.4528],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.24883,28.41103],[97.32711,28.26158],[97.40256,27.88254],[97.05199,27.69906],[97.134,27.08377],[96.41937,27.26459],[95.12477,26.57357],[95.15515,26.00131],[94.60325,25.1625],[94.55266,24.67524],[94.10674,23.85074],[93.32519,24.07856],[93.28633,23.04366],[93.06029,22.70311],[93.16613,22.27846],[92.67272,22.04124],[92.14603,23.6275],[91.86993,23.62435],[91.70648,22.98526],[91.15896,23.50353],[91.46773,24.07264],[91.91509,24.13041],[92.3762,24.97669],[91.7996,25.14743],[90.87221,25.1326],[89.92069,25.26975],[89.83248,25.96508],[89.35509,26.01441],[88.56305,26.44653],[88.20979,25.76807],[88.93155,25.23869],[88.30637,24.86608],[88.08442,24.50166],[88.69994,24.23371],[88.52977,23.63114],[88.87631,22.87915],[89.03196,22.05571],[88.88877,21.69059],[88.2085,21.70317],[86.9757,21.49556],[87.03317,20.74331],[86.49935,20.15164],[85.06027,19.47858],[83.94101,18.30201],[83.18922,17.67122],[82.19279,17.01664],[82.19124,16.55666],[81.69272,16.31022],[80.792,15.95197],[80.3249,15.89918],[80.02507,15.13641],[80.23327,13.83577],[80.28629,13.00626],[79.86255,12.05622],[79.858,10.35728],[79.34051,10.30885],[78.88535,9.54614],[79.18972,9.21654],[78.27794,8.93305],[77.94117,8.25296],[77.5399,7.96553],[76.59298,8.89928],[76.13006,10.29963],[75.74647,11.30825],[75.3961,11.78125],[74.86482,12.74194],[74.61672,13.99258],[74.44386,14.61722],[73.5342,15.99065],[73.11991,17.92857],[72.82091,19.20823],[72.82448,20.4195],[72.63053,21.35601],[71.17527,20.75744],[70.47046,20.87733],[69.16413,22.0893],[69.64493,22.45077],[69.3496,22.84318],[68.17665,23.69197],[68.8426,24.35913],[71.04324,24.35652],[70.8447,25.2151],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.16893,26.49187],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.6165,27.9892],[71.77767,27.91318],[72.82375,28.96159],[73.45064,29.97641],[74.42138,30.97981],[74.40593,31.69264],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.45156,32.7649],[74.10429,33.44147],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.2402,34.74889],[75.75706,34.50492],[76.87172,34.65354],[77.83745,35.49401]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"India\"}}]}","volume":"108","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumar, Pushpendra","contributorId":220793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Pushpendra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40268,"text":"Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, India","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"K. M. Shukla","contributorId":220795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"K. M. Shukla","affiliations":[{"id":40269,"text":"Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yadav, U. S.","contributorId":220796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yadav","given":"U.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40270,"text":"Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lall, M. V.","contributorId":220797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lall","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":40270,"text":"Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krishna Vishwanath","contributorId":220798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krishna Vishwanath","affiliations":[{"id":40271,"text":"Directorate General of Hydrocarbons","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70206803,"text":"70206803 - 2019 - India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 Summary of Scientific Results: Gas hydrate systems along the eastern continental margin of India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T08:22:15","indexId":"70206803","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T08:20:52","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2382,"text":"Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 Summary of Scientific Results: Gas hydrate systems along the eastern continental margin of India","docAbstract":"The primary objectives of the India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 (NGHP-02) were to obtain new data on the occurrence of gas hydrate systems and to advance the understanding of the controls on the formation of gas hydrate accumulations in the offshore of India. In accordance with the ultimate overall goal of the NGHP effort to assess the energy resource potential of marine gas hydrates in India, particular focus was placed on the exploration and evaluation of gas hydrate occurrences at high saturations in sand-rich systems. NGHP-02 operations were conducted from 3-March-2015 to 28-July-2015 off the eastern coast of India and included logging while drilling (LWD) operations at 25 locations, and coring and wireline logging operations at 10 locations, in the Krishna-Godavari and Mahanadi Basins.\n\nThe formation of highly concentrated gas hydrate accumulations, which are more suitable for energy extraction, requires the presence of relatively coarse-grained sediments with porosity needed to support the migration and accumulation of gas, and the nucleation of gas hydrate. The results of downhole logging, coring and formation pressure testing operations during NGHP-02 have confirmed the presence of extensive sand-rich depositional systems throughout the deepwater portions of the Krishna-Godavari and Mahanadi Basins. Two areas of Krishna-Godavari Basin, referred to as Areas B and C, contain substantial gas hydrate accumulations in sand-rich systems and therefore represent ideal candidate sites for future gas hydrate production testing.\n\nThis summary and technical report includes a comprehensive synthesis of the geologic, geophysical, geochemical, and physical property data acquired during NGHP-02 as it relates to the controls on gas hydrate occurrence, particularly with regards to sand-hosted accumulations. In the Mahanadi Basin, despite the confirmation of extensive reservoir capacity, gas supply at the NGHP-02 sites was insufficient to charge the reservoirs with gas hydrates. In the Krishna-Godavari Basin, extensive reservoir systems were confirmed with sediment grain-sizes ranging from coarse-silts to gravels. These reservoirs range from fully- to partially filled with gas hydrate. The gas is determined to be from only microbial sources, and in part migrated into the reservoirs from deeper systems. The controls on gas hydrate occurrence are complex and varied; and include substantial reservoir heterogeneity and sufficient permeability throughout the reservoirs and seals that allowed pervasive fluid flow into and through the hydrate-bearing systems. These discoveries are the most significant confirmation of the exploration approach that focuses on direct detection of hydrate reservoirs supported by comprehensive petroleum systems analyses.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.05.023","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., Boswell, R., Waite, W., Kumar, P., Roy, S.K., Chopra, K., Singh, S.K., Yamada, Y., Tenma, N., Pohlman, J., and Zyrianova, M., 2019, India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 Summary of Scientific Results: Gas hydrate systems along the eastern continental margin of India: Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 39-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.05.023.","productDescription":"104 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"142","ipdsId":"IP-108047","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.05.023","text":"External 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Kumar","contributorId":220799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"Sandip","email":"","middleInitial":"Kumar","affiliations":[{"id":40271,"text":"Directorate General of Hydrocarbons","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chopra, Krishan","contributorId":220800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chopra","given":"Krishan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40271,"text":"Directorate General of Hydrocarbons","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Singh, Sunil Kumar","contributorId":220801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Sunil","email":"","middleInitial":"Kumar","affiliations":[{"id":40271,"text":"Directorate General of Hydrocarbons","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yamada, Yasuhiro","contributorId":220802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yamada","given":"Yasuhiro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40272,"text":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tenma, Norio","contributorId":220803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tenma","given":"Norio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40273,"text":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pohlman, John 0000-0002-3563-4586","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-4586","contributorId":220804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Zyrianova, Margarita 0000-0002-3669-1320","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3669-1320","contributorId":220805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zyrianova","given":"Margarita","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70206804,"text":"70206804 - 2019 - National Gas Hydrate Program expedition 02: Identification of gas hydrate prospects in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T08:16:58","indexId":"70206804","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T08:15:05","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2382,"text":"Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Gas Hydrate Program expedition 02: Identification of gas hydrate prospects in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India","docAbstract":"After completing the first expedition of India's National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP-01) in 2006, it was concluded that for the next expedition (National Gas Hydrate Program 02; NGHP-02), a new drill site review effort should focus on identifying potential deep-water offshore gas hydrate accumulations in sand dominated depositional environments. Therefore, geological and geophysical data analysis and 3D seismic data interpretation along with associated seismic modeling were carried out in three areas of the Krishna-Godavari Basin: Areas B, C, and E. Conventional petroleum exploration approaches of seismic amplitude evaluation were adapted to prospect for potential sand-rich depositional systems within the gas hydrate stability zone. Subsequently, these prospective areas were further assessed through the geological and geophysical evaluation of depositional setting, gas sources, and gas migration pathways. In Area B, prospecting focused on a large anticlinal structure with a prominent bottom-simulating reflector and several key horizons that indicated evidence for potential sand-hosted hydrate occurrences. In Area C, the prospects were distributed throughout various settings within a very large deep-water channel-levee-fan system with complex indications of potential gas hydrate occurrence in sand-prone seismic facies. In Area E, prospects were associated with high amplitude events within inferred channel-levee sequences. Based on the pre-expedition/onboard drill-site evaluation, the 22 most promising sites in the Krishna-Godavari Basin were identified and prioritized to investigate and delineate a total of 17 identified gas hydrate prospects. This paper describes the geo-scientific studies carried out prior to NGHP-02 for site identification, evaluation and prioritization. An important outcome of this study is the identification of two potentially producible gas hydrate systems inferred to host significant quantity of gas hydrate in stratigraphic-structural traps.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.11.013","usgsCitation":"Shukla, K., U.S. Yadav, Kumar, P., Collett, T., Boswell, R., Frye, M., M. Riedel, Kaurf, I., and Vishwanathf, K., 2019, National Gas Hydrate Program expedition 02: Identification of gas hydrate prospects in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India: Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 167-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.11.013.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"184","ipdsId":"IP-102093","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"text":"Publisher Index 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Riedel","contributorId":220809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"M. Riedel","affiliations":[{"id":40275,"text":"GEOMAR, Helmhotz Center for Ocean Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kaurf, I.","contributorId":220810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaurf","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40276,"text":"Directorate General of Hydrocarbon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Vishwanathf, K.","contributorId":220811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vishwanathf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40276,"text":"Directorate General of Hydrocarbon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70206805,"text":"70206805 - 2019 - Numerical simulations of depressurization-induced gas production from an interbedded turbidite gas hydrate-bearing sedimentary section in the offshore India: Site NGHP-02-16 (Area-B)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T08:11:09","indexId":"70206805","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T08:06:17","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2382,"text":"Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical simulations of depressurization-induced gas production from an interbedded turbidite gas hydrate-bearing sedimentary section in the offshore India: Site NGHP-02-16 (Area-B)","docAbstract":"The recent National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 (NGHP-02) identified the existence of gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs at a number of sites in the offshore of India including Site NGHP-02-16 in Area-B of the Krishna-Godavari Basin. The architecture of that gas hydrate accumulation is characterized by thin, gas hydrate-bearing, high quality sand layers interbedded with mud layers within a turbidite interval. The lowest gas hydrate-bearing layer contacting a thinly-interbedded saline aquifer designates the base of the gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ). The proximity of the BGHSZ and the average temperature around 20oC make the reservoir a favorable target for hydrate destabilization by means of the depressurization method. The results of the reservoir simulations indicate high gas production potential from this marine gas hydrate deposit with manageable concomitant water production using a well completion design that hydraulically isolates layers with water-saturated sands. Using a detailed geological input model, the predicted cumulative gas rates reach 3.1 x 104 m3/day (1.1 mmscf/day) after 90 days of continuous depressurization and demonstrate sustained production rates of 3.0 x 104 m3/day (1.0 mmscf/day) after 5 years of production. The interbedded nature of this gas hydrate occurrence promotes the development of horizontal dissociation interfaces between gas hydrate-bearing sand and mud layers. As a result, non-uniform gas production along the horizontal interfaces becomes a primary determinant of reservoir performance. Simulation cases have been executed to determine the impact of the uncertainty in in situ reservoir permeability and the manner in which intrinsic permeability dynamically changes during dissociation in response to the imposed effective stress increase. The cases where effective permeability is initially low and compaction is highly sensitive to stress result in the least favorable production predictions.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.10.047","usgsCitation":"Myshakin, E.M., Seol, Y., Lin, J., Uchida, S., Collett, T., and Boswell, R., 2019, Numerical simulations of depressurization-induced gas production from an interbedded turbidite gas hydrate-bearing sedimentary section in the offshore India: Site NGHP-02-16 (Area-B): Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 619-638, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.10.047.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"638","ipdsId":"IP-100825","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1607771","text":"Publisher Index 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Shun","contributorId":195142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uchida","given":"Shun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collett, Timothy 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":220812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boswell, Ray","contributorId":195143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boswell","given":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70206806,"text":"70206806 - 2019 - India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 summary of scientific results: Numerical simulation of reservoir response to depressurization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T08:04:12","indexId":"70206806","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T08:02:05","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2382,"text":"Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 summary of scientific results: Numerical simulation of reservoir response to depressurization","docAbstract":"The India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 (NGHP-02) discovered gas hydrate at high saturation in sand reservoirs at several sites in the deepwater Bay of Bengal. To assess the potential response of those deposits to scientific depressurization experiments, comprehensive geologic models were constructed to enable numerical simulation for two sites. Both sites (NGHP-02-09 and NGHP-02-16) feature thick sequences of thinly-interbedded reservoir and non-reservoir facies at sub-seafloor depths of less than 300 m and sub-sea depths of 2,400 m or more. These settings pose significant challenges to current modeling capabilities. First, the thinly-bedded reservoir architecture complicates the determination of basic reservoir parameters from both log and core data due to measurement resolution issues. Secondly, the fine-scale variation in sediment properties imparts great contrasts in key parameters over very short distances, creating high gradients at multiple scales and varying orientations that necessitate careful design of high-definition simulation grids. Thirdly, the deposits include internal sources of water, as well as a range of complex boundary conditions, including variable permeability within the overlying mud-rich “seals”, that complicate reservoir depressurization. Lastly, because of the unique combination of great water depth and relatively shallow sub-seafloor depth, models designed to maximize the dissociation rate impose large pressure drawdowns on relatively low-strength sediments. This condition renders the proper evaluation and integration of the geomechanical response to hydrate dissociation critical. In this report, we review the history of gas hydrate reservoir simulation, discuss methods for creating geologic input models, and summarize the key findings and implications of the collaborative NGHP-02 numerical simulation effort. Together, the studies confirm the viability of the modeled accumulations for scientific testing and identify key challenges related to the selection of specific test sites and the design of test wells.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.09.026","usgsCitation":"Boswell, R., Myshakin, E., Moridis, G., Konno, Y., Collett, T.S., Reagan, M., Ajayi, T., and Seol, Y., 2019, India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 summary of scientific results: Numerical simulation of reservoir response to depressurization: Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 154-166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.09.026.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"166","ipdsId":"IP-099199","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boswell, Ray","contributorId":195143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boswell","given":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myshakin, Evgeniy","contributorId":195140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myshakin","given":"Evgeniy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moridis, George","contributorId":220814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moridis","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40278,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Konno, Yoshihiro","contributorId":220815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Konno","given":"Yoshihiro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40279,"text":"The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reagan, Matthew","contributorId":220816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reagan","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40278,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ajayi, Taiwo","contributorId":178324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ajayi","given":"Taiwo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Seol, Yongkoo","contributorId":195139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seol","given":"Yongkoo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70205831,"text":"70205831 - 2019 - Discrete Zr and REE mineralization of the Baerzhe rare-metal deposit, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-08T07:50:17","indexId":"70205831","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T07:49:29","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discrete Zr and REE mineralization of the Baerzhe rare-metal deposit, China","docAbstract":"Although REE (lanthanides + Y) mineralization in alkaline silicate systems is commonly accompanied with Zr mineralization worldwide, our understanding of the relationship between Zr and REE mineralization is still incomplete (e.g. Škoda and Novák, 2007; Linnen et al., 2014; Petrella et al., 2014; Möller and Williams-Jones, 2016; Wu et al., 2018). The Baerzhe deposit in NE China is a source of Zr, REE, and Nb linked to the formation of an early Cretaceous, silica-saturated, alkaline intrusive complex. In-situ laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of zircon and monazite crystals constrain the relationship between Zr and REE mineralization at Baerzhe.\nThree populations of zircon are identified and are differentiated based upon textural observations and compositional characteristics. Type I zircon display well-developed oscillatory zoning are are typically found as inclusions within sodic amphibole. Type II zircons are darker than Type I zircons in CL images, can overgrow Type I zircon, and have more irregular zoning and resorption features. Type III zircons contain irregular but translucent cores and rims with oscillatory zoning that are murky brown in color and grow in aggregates. Textural features and compositional data suggest that Types I and II zircon crystallized at the magmatic stage, with Type 1 being least altered and Type II being strongly altered, and Type III precipitated during the magmatic to magmatic-hydrothermal transition.\nWhereas the magnitude of the Eu anomaly is moderate in the barren alkaline granite, all three populations of zircon exhibit pronounced negative anomalies. Such features are difficult to explain exclusively by feldspar fractionation and could indicate the presence of fluid modification of the rocks. Monazite crystals occur mostly through replacement of zircon and sodic amphibole; monazite clusters are also present. Textural and compositional evidence suggests that monazite at Baerzhe is hydrothermal.\nLeast and strongly altered magmatic zircon yield 207Pb-corrected 206Pb/238U ages of 127.3±1.2 Ma and 125.67±0.76 Ma, respectively. Deuteric zircon precipitated at 125.11±0.69 Ma. The chronological data suggest that the magmatic stage of the highly-evolved Baerzhe alkaline granite lasted less than two million years. Hydrothermal monazite records REE mineralization at 123.41±0.63 Ma, approximately 1 or 2 million years later than Zr mineralization. We therefore propose a model in which parental magmas underwent extensive magmatic differentiation while residual melts interacted with aqueous hydrothermal fluids. Deuteric zircon precipitated from a hydrosilicate liquid, and subsequent REE mineralization, exemplified by hydrothermal monazite, correlates with the metasomatic alteration from external fluid sources. Such interplay between magmatic and hydrothermal processes resulted in the formation of discrete Zr and REE mineralization at Baerzhe.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2138/am-2019-6890","usgsCitation":"Qiu, K., Yu, H., Wu, M., Geng, J., Ge, X., Gou, Z., and Taylor, R., 2019, Discrete Zr and REE mineralization of the Baerzhe rare-metal deposit, China: American Mineralogist, v. 104, no. 10, p. 1487-1502, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6890.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1487","endPage":"1502","ipdsId":"IP-103418","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qiu, Kunfeng","contributorId":219546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qiu","given":"Kunfeng","affiliations":[{"id":24737,"text":"China University of Geosciences, Beijing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yu, Haocheng","contributorId":219547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Haocheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24737,"text":"China University of Geosciences, Beijing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wu, Mingqian","contributorId":219548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Mingqian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24737,"text":"China University of Geosciences, Beijing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geng, Jianzhen","contributorId":219549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geng","given":"Jianzhen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24737,"text":"China University of Geosciences, Beijing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ge, Xiangkun","contributorId":219550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ge","given":"Xiangkun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40023,"text":"Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gou, Zongyang","contributorId":219551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gou","given":"Zongyang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24737,"text":"China University of Geosciences, Beijing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Taylor, Ryan D. 0000-0002-8845-5290","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-5290","contributorId":201948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Ryan D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70207167,"text":"70207167 - 2019 - Reanalysis of the U.S. Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers: Long-term insight into climate forcing of glacier mass balance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-11T07:46:56","indexId":"70207167","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T07:45:26","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reanalysis of the U.S. Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers: Long-term insight into climate forcing of glacier mass balance","docAbstract":"Mountain glaciers integrate climate processes to provide an unmatched signal of regional climate forcing. However, extracting the climate signal via intercomparison of regional glacier mass balance records can be problematic when methods for extrapolating and calibrating direct glaciological measurements are mixed or inconsistent. To address this problem, we reanalyzed and compared long-term mass balance records from the U.S. Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers. These five glaciers span maritime and continental climate regimes of the western United States and Alaska. Each glacier exhibits cumulative mass loss since the mid-20th century, with average rates ranging from –0.58 to –0.30 m water equivalent (w.e.) a-1. We produced a set of solutions using different extrapolation and calibration methods to inform uncertainty estimates, which range from 0.22–0.44 m w.e. a-1. Mass losses are primarily driven by increasing summer warming. Continentality exerts a stronger control on mass loss than latitude. Similar to elevation, topographic shading, snow redistribution, and glacier surface features often exert first-order control on mass balance. The reanalysis underscores the value of geodetic calibration to resolve mass balance magnitude, as well as the irreplaceable value of direct measurements in contributing to process-based understanding of glacier mass balance.","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/jog.2019.66","usgsCitation":"O’Neel, S., McNeil, C., Sass, L., Florentine, C., Baker, E., Peitzsch, E.H., McGrath, D.J., Fountain, A.G., and Fagre, D.B., 2019, Reanalysis of the U.S. Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers: Long-term insight into climate forcing of glacier mass balance: Journal of Glaciology, p. 850-866, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.66.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"850","endPage":"866","ipdsId":"IP-107578","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459685,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.66","text":"Publisher Index 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swarm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-03T10:01:11","indexId":"70206403","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-01T06:48:33","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ensembles of ETAS models provide optimal operational earthquake forecasting during swarms: Insights from the 2015 San Ramon, California swarm","docAbstract":"Earthquake swarms, typically modeled as time-varying changes in background seismicity that are driven by external processes such as fluid flow or aseismic creep, present challenges for operational earthquake forecasting. While the time decay of aftershock sequences can be estimated with the modified Omori law, it is difficult to forecast the temporal behavior of seismicity rates during a swarm. To explore these issues, we apply the Epidemic-Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model (Ogata, JASA, 1988) to the 2015 San Ramon, California swarm, which lasted several weeks and had almost 100 2≤M≤3.6 earthquakes. We develop 3-day forecasts during the swarm based on an ETAS model fit to all prior seismicity in the region as well as an ETAS model fit only to previous swarms in the region, which is better at capturing the higher background rate during the swarm. We also explore forecasts where the background rate is updated periodically during the swarm using data over different lookback windows and find that generally these models perform better than the models where the background rate is fixed. Finally, we construct ensemble forecasts by combining the different models weighted according to their performance. The ensemble forecasts outperform all of the individual models and allow us to avoid making arbitrary choices at the outset of a swarm as to which single model will perform the best.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120190020","usgsCitation":"Llenos, A.L., and Michael, A.J., 2019, Ensembles of ETAS models provide optimal operational earthquake forecasting during swarms: Insights from the 2015 San Ramon, California swarm: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 109, no. 6, p. 2145-2158, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190020.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2145","endPage":"2158","ipdsId":"IP-101090","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Contra Costa County","city":"San 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This framework was developed to better understand the relation between the production of COG resources for energy and the amount of water needed to sustain this type of energy development in the United States. The total mean undiscovered, technically recoverable volume of COG has increased, highlighting the continued need to develop approaches to better characterize water use associated with COG development.
The analytical framework can be used to estimate water use associated with COG development for three water-use components—direct, indirect, and ancillary water use—that are related to the life cycle of COG development. Direct water use is defined as water used in a wellbore to complete a well, including the water used for drilling, cementing, stimulating, and maintaining the well during production. Indirect water use is the water used at or near the well site, including water used for dust abatement, for cleaning equipment, and for crew and staff use. Ancillary water use is all other water used during the life cycle of COG development that is not categorized as direct or indirect, such as additional local or regional water use resulting from a change (for example, population) related to COG development. The analytical framework includes the data inputs, the processes involved in estimating the water-use coefficients and analyzing their uncertainties, and the outputs. The analytical framework was developed as an R script, which contains the statistical models used to estimate water-use components.
The availability of data across COG reservoirs in the United States is variable and presents challenges for estimating water use for extracting COG from their reservoirs; thus, the R script can be modified for the types of data available within a COG reservoir, the extent and resolution of data available for each water-use component, and the desired output of the water-use assessment. The script was written so that the units of the data in the script were standardized. Water-use estimates were simulated for the mean and 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of the data distributions. Uncertainties were quantified with confidence intervals for the estimated coefficients. Uncertainty for estimated or simulated data can be calculated with the R script by providing a range of representative values that are within the appropriate confidence intervals of the mean of the data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195100","collaboration":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Valder, J.F., McShane, R.R., Barnhart, T.B., Wheeling, S.L., Carter, J.M., Macek-Rowland, K.M., Delzer, G.C., and Thamke, J.N., 2019, Analytical framework to estimate water use associated with continuous oil and gas development: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5100, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195100.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 19 p.; Appendix; Data Release","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-106622","costCenters":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science 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1608 Mountain View Road
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The dynamics of slow landslide motion can predispose oversteepened and extended slide regions to debris-flow initiation. For more than 20 years, our real-time monitoring, combined with repeat high-precision GPS surveys, of the Cleveland Corral landslide complex, California, USA, reveals that debris flows initiate from slow-moving kinematic elements of this complex. Different slide elements move in different wet years, and all remain dormant in dry years. To explore controls on landslide-element kinematics, we use triaxial testing to define the critical state behavior of the landslide material, and use a large-diameter sampling ring to determine in situ material porosities in both extensional and compressional regions of the slide. Regions undergoing extension contain materials looser than their critical state, potentially aiding liquefaction and debris-flow mobilization from shallow, secondary slides. Although intense rainfall serves as a trigger for debris-flow initiation, slow deformation of the larger landslide promotes debris-flow formation by oversteeepening toe and lateral margins and by preferentially extending, and effectively loosening, material in these steep regions.
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