In recent years, agricultural runoff has received more attention as a major contributor to surface water pollution. This is especially true for the unglaciated area of Wisconsin, given this area's steep topography, which makes it highly susceptible to runoff and soil loss. We evaluated the ability of an at-grade stabilization structure (AGSS), designed as a conservation practice to reduce the amount of overland runoff and suspended sediment transported to the surface waters of an agricultural watershed. Eight years of storm and baseflow data collected by the US Geological Survey–Wisconsin Water Science Center on a farm in west central Wisconsin were analyzed for changes in precipitation, storm runoff volume, and suspended sediment concentration before and after installation of an AGSS. The agricultural research site was designed as a paired watershed study in which monitoring stations were installed on the perennial streams draining both control and treatment watersheds. Linear mixed effects model analyses were conducted to determine if any statistically significant changes occurred in the water quality parameters before and after the AGSS was installed. Results indicated no significant changes (p = 0.51) in average event precipitation and runoff volumes before and after installation of the AGSS in either the treatment (NW) or control (SW) watersheds. However, the AGSS did significantly reduce the average suspended sediment concentration in the event runoff water (p = 0.02) in the NW from 972 to 263 mg L–1. In addition, particle size analyses, using light diffraction techniques, were conducted on soil samples taken from within the AGSS and adjacent valley and ridge top to determine if suspended sediments were being retained within the structure. Statistical analysis revealed a significantly (p < 0.001) larger proportion of clay inside the AGSS (37%) than outside (30%). These results indicate that the AGSS was successful in reducing the amount of suspended sediment transported to nearby surface waters. The cost of an AGSS can range from US$3,500 to US$8,000, depending on size. Thus, these structures provide a cheap and effective means of improving water quality in highly erosive landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Conservation Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ankeny, IA","doi":"10.2489/jswc.67.4.237","usgsCitation":"Minks, K.R., Lowery, B., Madison, F.W., Ruark, M., Frame, D.R., Stuntebeck, T.D., and Komiskey, M.J., 2012, An at-grade stabilization structure impact on runoff and suspended sediment: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 67, no. 4, p. 237-248, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.67.4.237.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031188","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Traverse Valley Creek Watersheds","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.40899658203125,\n 43.982933852960805\n ],\n [\n -91.3128662109375,\n 44.06588017158586\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 44.16447445668458\n ],\n [\n -90.82672119140625,\n 44.327777761284445\n ],\n [\n -90.89813232421875,\n 44.51805165000557\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 44.666699513609174\n ],\n [\n -91.27166748046875,\n 44.766236875162335\n ],\n [\n -91.4886474609375,\n 44.79937794671695\n ],\n [\n -91.71936035156249,\n 44.76428680790121\n ],\n [\n -91.90887451171875,\n 44.68818283842486\n ],\n [\n -92.01324462890625,\n 44.59633476144439\n ],\n [\n -92.08465576171875,\n 44.44554600843547\n ],\n [\n -91.95281982421875,\n 44.351350365612305\n ],\n [\n -91.87591552734374,\n 44.2294565683017\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 44.11125397357155\n ],\n [\n -91.61773681640625,\n 44.04614157509527\n ],\n [\n -91.40899658203125,\n 43.982933852960805\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568ba5c0e4b0e7594ee77648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minks, Kyle R.","contributorId":151053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minks","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":18172,"text":"UW-Madison Dept. of Soil Science, Madison, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowery, Birl","contributorId":151050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowery","given":"Birl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18172,"text":"UW-Madison Dept. of Soil Science, Madison, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madison, Fred W.","contributorId":151052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madison","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":18172,"text":"UW-Madison Dept. of Soil Science, Madison, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruark, Matthew","contributorId":151056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruark","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frame, Dennis R.","contributorId":77282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frame","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stuntebeck, Todd D. 0000-0002-8405-7295 tdstunte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8405-7295","contributorId":902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuntebeck","given":"Todd","email":"tdstunte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Komiskey, Matthew J. 0000-0003-2962-6974 mjkomisk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-6974","contributorId":1776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komiskey","given":"Matthew","email":"mjkomisk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70110899,"text":"70110899 - 2012 - Updating the debate on model complexity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-02T11:16:48","indexId":"70110899","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T11:14:42","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Updating the debate on model complexity","docAbstract":"As scientists who are trying to understand a complex natural world that cannot be fully characterized in the field, how can we best inform the society in which we live? This founding context was addressed in a special session, “Complexity in Modeling: How Much is Too Much?” convened at the 2011 Geological Society of America Annual Meeting. The session had a variety of thought-provoking presentations—ranging from philosophy to cost-benefit analyses—and provided some areas of broad agreement that were not evident in discussions of the topic in 1998 (Hunt and Zheng, 1999). The session began with a short introduction during which model complexity was framed borrowing from an economic concept, the Law of Diminishing Returns, and an example of enjoyment derived by eating ice cream. Initially, there is increasing satisfaction gained from eating more ice cream, to a point where the gain in satisfaction starts to decrease, ending at a point when the eater sees no value in eating more ice cream. A traditional view of model complexity is similar—understanding gained from modeling can actually decrease if models become unnecessarily complex. However, oversimplified models—those that omit important aspects of the problem needed to make a good prediction—can also limit and confound our understanding. Thus, the goal of all modeling is to find the “sweet spot” of model sophistication—regardless of whether complexity was added sequentially to an overly simple model or collapsed from an initial highly parameterized framework that uses mathematics and statistics to attain an optimum (e.g., Hunt et al., 2007). Thus, holistic parsimony is attained, incorporating “as simple as possible,” as well as the equally important corollary “but no simpler.”","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Today","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GSATG150GW.1","usgsCitation":"Simmons, C.T., and Hunt, R.J., 2012, Updating the debate on model complexity: GSA Today, v. 22, no. 8, p. 28-29, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG150GW.1.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"2","ipdsId":"IP-035327","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287954,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GSATG150GW.1"}],"volume":"22","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae788ce4b0abf75cf2d830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simmons, Craig T.","contributorId":71889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simmons","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13412,"text":"Flinders University, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":494184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156329,"text":"70156329 - 2012 - Identifying the decision to be supported: a review of papers from environmental modelling and software","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T14:48:30.002291","indexId":"70156329","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"chapter":"A","subchapterNumber":"Environmental Information-, Decision Support-, and Software Systems","title":"Identifying the decision to be supported: a review of papers from environmental modelling and software","docAbstract":"Two of the basic tenets of decision support system efforts are to help identify and structure the decisions to be supported, and to then provide analysis in how those decisions might be best made. One example from wetland management would be that wildlife biologists must decide when to draw down water levels to optimise aquatic invertebrates as food for breeding ducks. Once such a decision is identified, a system or tool to help them make that decision in the face of current and projected climate conditions could be developed. We examined a random sample of 100 papers published from 2001-2011 in Environmental Modelling and Software that used the phrase “decision support system” or “decision support tool”, and which are characteristic of different sectors. In our review, 41% of the systems and tools related to the water resources sector, 34% were related to agriculture, and 22% to the conservation of fish, wildlife, and protected area management. Only 60% of the papers were deemed to be reporting on DSS. This was based on the papers reviewed not having directly identified a specific decision to be supported. We also report on the techniques that were used to identify the decisions, such as formal survey, focus group, expert opinion, or sole judgment of the author(s). The primary underlying modelling system, e.g., expert system, agent based model, Bayesian belief network, geographical information system (GIS), and the like was categorised next. Finally, since decision support typically should target some aspect of unstructured decisions, we subjectively determined to what degree this was the case. In only 23% of the papers reviewed, did the system appear to tackle unstructured decisions. This knowledge should be useful in helping workers in the field develop more effective systems and tools, especially by being exposed to the approaches in different, but related, disciplines. We propose that a standard blueprint for reporting on DSS be developed for consideration by journal editors to aid them in filtering papers that use the term, “decision support”.
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Managing resources of a limited planet: pathways and visions under uncertainty, sixth biennial meeting, Leipzig, Germany","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"2012 International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software","conferenceDate":"July 1-5, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Leipzig, Germany","language":"English","publisher":"International Environmental Modelling and Software Society","isbn":"978-88-9035-742-8","usgsCitation":"Sojda, R.S., Chen, S.H., Elsawah, S., Guillaume, J.H., Jakeman, A., Lautenbach, S., McIntosh, B.S., Rizzoli, A., Seppelt, R., Struss, P., Voinov, A., and Volk, M., 2012, Identifying the decision to be supported: a review of papers from environmental modelling and software, in International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (iEMSs) 2012 International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software. Managing resources of a limited planet: pathways and visions under uncertainty, sixth biennial meeting, Leipzig, Germany, Leipzig, Germany, July 1-5, 2012, p. 73-80.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"80","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036368","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":306973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Germany","city":"Leipzig","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 11.7498779296875,\n 51.13110763758015\n ],\n [\n 11.7498779296875,\n 51.549751017014195\n ],\n [\n 13.0078125,\n 51.549751017014195\n ],\n [\n 13.0078125,\n 51.13110763758015\n ],\n [\n 11.7498779296875,\n 51.13110763758015\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8b1e4b0518e3546a4c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sojda, Richard S. sojda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"Richard","email":"sojda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Serena H.","contributorId":146682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Serena","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elsawah, Sondoss","contributorId":146686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elsawah","given":"Sondoss","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guillaume, Joseph H.A.","contributorId":146687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guillaume","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jakeman, A.J.","contributorId":12639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakeman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lautenbach, Sven","contributorId":146688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lautenbach","given":"Sven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McIntosh, Brian S.","contributorId":146689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntosh","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rizzoli, A.E.","contributorId":113184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzoli","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Seppelt, Ralf","contributorId":146691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seppelt","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Struss, Peter","contributorId":75853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Struss","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Voinov, Alexey","contributorId":23046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voinov","given":"Alexey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Volk, Martin","contributorId":146695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Volk","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70039308,"text":"ds704 - 2012 - Benthic foraminiferal census data from Mobile Bay, Alabama--counts of surface samples and box cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-08T01:02:14","indexId":"ds704","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"704","title":"Benthic foraminiferal census data from Mobile Bay, Alabama--counts of surface samples and box cores","docAbstract":"A study was undertaken in order to understand recent environmental change in Mobile Bay, Alabama. For this study a series of surface sediment and box core samples was collected. The surface benthic foraminiferal data provide the modern baseline conditions of the bay and can be used as a reference for changing paleoenvironmental parameters recorded in the box cores. The 14 sampling locations were chosen in the bay to cover the wide diversity of fluvial and marine-influenced environments on both sides of the shipping channel.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds704","usgsCitation":"Richwine, K.A., and Osterman, L.E., 2012, Benthic foraminiferal census data from Mobile Bay, Alabama--counts of surface samples and box cores: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 704, HTML Document; XLS Downloads of Tables 1-12, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds704.","productDescription":"HTML Document; XLS Downloads of Tables 1-12","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_704.jpg"},{"id":259354,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/704/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Mobile Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0b8e4b0c8380cd4a896","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richwine, Kathryn A. krichwine@usgs.gov","contributorId":5004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richwine","given":"Kathryn","email":"krichwine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterman, Lisa E. osterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"Lisa","email":"osterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039307,"text":"70039307 - 2012 - Perils of categorical thinking: \"Oxic/anoxic\" conceptual model in environmental remediation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T15:43:47","indexId":"70039307","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3249,"text":"Remediation Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perils of categorical thinking: \"Oxic/anoxic\" conceptual model in environmental remediation","docAbstract":"Given ambient atmospheric oxygen concentrations of about 21 percent (by volume), the lower limit for reliable quantitation of dissolved oxygen concentrations in groundwater samples is in the range of 0.1–0.5 mg/L. Frameworks for assessing in situ redox condition are often applied using a simple two-category (oxic/anoxic) model of oxygen condition. The \"oxic\" category defines the environmental range in which dissolved oxygen concentrations are clearly expected to impact contaminant biodegradation, either by supporting aerobic biodegradation of electron-donor contaminants like petroleum hydrocarbons or by inhibiting anaerobic biodegradation of electron-acceptor contaminants like chloroethenes. The tendency to label the second category \"anoxic\" leads to an invalid assumption that oxygen is insignificant when, in fact, the dissolved oxygen concentration is less than detection but otherwise unknown. Expressing dissolved oxygen concentrations as numbers of molecules per volume, dissolved oxygen concentrations that fall below the 0.1 mg/L field detection limit range from 1 to 1017 molecules/L. In light of recent demonstrations of substantial oxygen-linked biodegradation of chloroethene contaminants at dissolved oxygen concentrations well below the 0.1–0.5 mg/L field detection limit, characterizing \"less than detection\" oxygen concentrations as \"insignificant\" is invalid.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remediation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Periodicals, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/rem.21317","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., 2012, Perils of categorical thinking: \"Oxic/anoxic\" conceptual model in environmental remediation: Remediation Journal, v. 22, no. 3, p. 9-18, https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.21317.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259357,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.21317","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7694e4b0c8380cd781c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039359,"text":"70039359 - 2012 - Relative value of managed wetlands and tidal marshlands for wintering northern pintails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T12:26:36","indexId":"70039359","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative value of managed wetlands and tidal marshlands for wintering northern pintails","docAbstract":"Northern pintail Anas acuta (hereafter, pintail) populations have declined substantially throughout the western US since the 1970s, largely as a result of converting wetlands to cropland. Managed wetlands have been developed throughout the San Francisco Bay estuaries to provide wildlife habitat, particularly for waterfowl. Many of these areas were historically tidal baylands and plans are underway to remove dikes and restore tidal action. The relationship between tidal baylands and waterfowl populations is poorly understood. Our objective was to provide information on selection and avoidance of managed and tidal marshland by pintails. During 1991–1993 and 1998–2000, we radio-marked and relocated 330 female pintails (relocations, n =11,574) at Suisun Marsh, the largest brackish water estuary within San Francisco Bay, to estimate resource selection functions during the nonbreeding months (winter). Using a distance-based modeling approach, we calculated selection functions for different ecological communities (e.g., tidal baylands) and investigated variation explained by time of day (day or night hours) to account for differences in pintail behavior (i.e., foraging vs. roosting). We found strong evidence for selection of managed wetlands. Pintails also avoided tidal marshes and bays and channels. We did not detect differences in selection function between day and night hours for managed wetlands but the degree of avoidance of other habitats varied by time of day. We also found that areas subjected to tidal action did not influence the selection of immediately adjacent managed wetlands. If current management goals include providing habitat for wintering waterfowl populations, particularly pintail, then we recommend wildlife managers focus tidal restoration on areas that are not currently managed wetland and/or improve conditions in areas of managed wetlands to increase local carrying capacities","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","doi":"10.3996/102011-JFWM-062","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Casazza, M.L., Halstead, B., and Fleskes, J.P., 2012, Relative value of managed wetlands and tidal marshlands for wintering northern pintails: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 3, no. 1, p. 98-109, https://doi.org/10.3996/102011-JFWM-062.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/102011-jfwm-062","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":259376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa69ee4b0c8380cd84f60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039312,"text":"70039312 - 2012 - Evidence, models, conservation programs and limits to management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-02T01:01:49","indexId":"70039312","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence, models, conservation programs and limits to management","docAbstract":"Walsh et al. (2012) emphasized the importance of obtaining evidence to assess the effects of management actions on state variables relevant to objectives of conservation programs. They focused on malleefowl Leipoa ocellata, ground-dwelling Australian megapodes listed as vulnerable. They noted that although fox Vulpes vulpes baiting is the main management action used in malleefowl conservation throughout southern Australia, evidence of the effectiveness of this action is limited and currently debated. Walsh et al. (2012) then used data from 64 sites monitored for malleefowl and foxes over 23 years to assess key functional relationships relevant to fox control as a conservation action for malleefowl. In one set of analyses, Walsh et al. (2012) focused on two relationships: fox baiting investment versus fox presence, and fox presence versus malleefowl population size and rate of population change. Results led to the counterintuitive conclusion that increases in investments in fox control produced slight decreases in malleefowl population size and growth. In a second set of analyses, Walsh et al. (2012) directly assessed the relationship between investment in fox baiting and malleefowl population size and rate of population change. This set of analyses showed no significant relationship between investment in fox population control and malleefowl population growth. Both sets of analyses benefited from the incorporation of key environmental covariates hypothesized to influence these management relationships. Walsh et al. (2012) concluded that \"in most situations, malleefowl conservation did not effectively benefit from fox baiting at current levels of investment.\" In this commentary, I discuss the work of Walsh et al. (2012) using the conceptual framework of structured decision making (SDM). In doing so, I accept their analytic results and associated conclusions as accurate and discuss basic ideas about evidence, conservation and limits to management.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00574.x","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., 2012, Evidence, models, conservation programs and limits to management: Animal Conservation, v. 15, no. 4, p. 331-333, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00574.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474387,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00574.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":259351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259340,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00574.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d74e4b0c8380cd53021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039354,"text":"70039354 - 2012 - Assessment of environments for Mars Science Laboratory entry, descent, and surface operations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T16:51:47","indexId":"70039354","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3454,"text":"Space Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of environments for Mars Science Laboratory entry, descent, and surface operations","docAbstract":"The Mars Science Laboratory mission aims to land a car-sized rover on Mars' surface and operate it for at least one Mars year in order to assess whether its field area was ever capable of supporting microbial life. Here we describe the approach used to identify, characterize, and assess environmental risks to the landing and rover surface operations. Novel entry, descent, and landing approaches will be used to accurately deliver the 900-kg rover, including the ability to sense and \"fly out\" deviations from a best-estimate atmospheric state. A joint engineering and science team developed methods to estimate the range of potential atmospheric states at the time of arrival and to quantitatively assess the spacecraft's performance and risk given its particular sensitivities to atmospheric conditions. Numerical models are used to calculate the atmospheric parameters, with observations used to define model cases, tune model parameters, and validate results. This joint program has resulted in a spacecraft capable of accessing, with minimal risk, the four finalist sites chosen for their scientific merit. The capability to operate the landed rover over the latitude range of candidate landing sites, and for all seasons, was verified against an analysis of surface environmental conditions described here. These results, from orbital and model data sets, also drive engineering simulations of the rover's thermal state that are used to plan surface operations.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s11214-012-9911-3","usgsCitation":"Vasavada, A., Chen, A., Barnes, J.R., Burkhart, P.D., Cantor, B.A., Dwyer-Cianciolo, A.M., Fergason, R.L., Hinson, D.P., Justh, H.L., Kass, D.M., Lewis, S.R., Mischna, M.A., Murphy, J.R., Rafkin, S.C., Tyler, D., and Withers, P.G., 2012, Assessment of environments for Mars Science Laboratory entry, descent, and surface operations: Space Science Reviews, v. 170, no. 1, p. 793-835, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9911-3.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"835","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"170","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee2ee4b0c8380cd49be8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vasavada, Ashwin R.","contributorId":84125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vasavada","given":"Ashwin R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Allen","contributorId":71430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Allen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":21813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burkhart, P. Daniel","contributorId":21023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhart","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cantor, Bruce A.","contributorId":38829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cantor","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dwyer-Cianciolo, Alicia M.","contributorId":33569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer-Cianciolo","given":"Alicia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fergason, Robini L.","contributorId":50394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fergason","given":"Robini","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hinson, David P.","contributorId":21400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Justh, Hilary L.","contributorId":41275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justh","given":"Hilary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kass, David M.","contributorId":91731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kass","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lewis, Stephen R.","contributorId":64081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mischna, Michael A.","contributorId":46815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mischna","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Murphy, James R.","contributorId":96944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Rafkin, Scot C.R.","contributorId":31614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafkin","given":"Scot","email":"","middleInitial":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Tyler, Daniel","contributorId":35999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyler","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Withers, Paul G.","contributorId":49226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Withers","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70038887,"text":"70038887 - 2012 - The importance of local and landscape-scale processes to the occupancy of wetlands by pond-breeding amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-01T17:02:55","indexId":"70038887","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3103,"text":"Population Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of local and landscape-scale processes to the occupancy of wetlands by pond-breeding amphibians","docAbstract":"Variation in the distribution and abundance of species across landscapes has traditionally been attributed to processes operating at fine spatial scales (i.e., environmental conditions at the scale of the sampling unit), but processes that operate across larger spatial scales such as seasonal migration or dispersal are also important. To determine the relative importance of these processes, we evaluated hypothesized relationships between the probability of occupancy in wetlands by two amphibians [wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata)] and attributes of the landscape measured at three spatial scales in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. We used cost-based buffers and least-cost distances to derive estimates of landscape attributes that may affect occupancy patterns from the broader spatial scales. The most highly ranked models provide strong support for a positive relationship between occupancy by breeding wood frogs and the amount of streamside habitat adjacent to a wetland. The model selection results for boreal chorus frogs are highly uncertain, though several of the most highly ranked models indicate a positive association between occupancy and the number of neighboring, occupied wetlands. We found little evidence that occupancy of either species was correlated with local-scale attributes measured at the scale of individual wetlands, suggesting that processes operating at broader scales may be more important in influencing occupancy patterns in amphibian populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Population Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10144-012-0324-7","usgsCitation":"Scherer, R.D., Muths, E., and Noon, B., 2012, The importance of local and landscape-scale processes to the occupancy of wetlands by pond-breeding amphibians: Population Ecology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 487-498, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-012-0324-7.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"498","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489048,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-012-0324-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":259401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259383,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10144-012-0324-7","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacfae4b08c986b3238b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scherer, Rick D.","contributorId":97368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":465174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muths, Erin 0000-0002-5498-3132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":14012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noon, Barry R.","contributorId":57314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noon","given":"Barry R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039010,"text":"70039010 - 2012 - Toxicity of elevated partial pressures of carbon dioxide to invasive New Zealand mudsnails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-09T01:02:14","indexId":"70039010","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of elevated partial pressures of carbon dioxide to invasive New Zealand mudsnails","docAbstract":"The authors tested the efficacy of elevated partial pressures of CO2 to kill invasive New Zealand mudsnails. The New Zealand mudsnails were exposed to 100 kPa at three water temperatures, and the survival was modeled versus dose as cumulative °C-h. We estimated an LD50 of 59.4°C-h for adult and juvenile New Zealand mudsnails. The results suggest that CO2 may be an effective and inexpensive lethal tool to treat substrates, tanks, or materials infested with New Zealand mudsnails.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","doi":"10.1002/etc.1877","usgsCitation":"Nielson, R.J., Moffitt, C.M., and Watten, B.J., 2012, Toxicity of elevated partial pressures of carbon dioxide to invasive New Zealand mudsnails: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 31, no. 8, p. 1838-1842, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1877.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1838","endPage":"1842","costCenters":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259386,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.1877","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"31","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5fde4b08c986b3269ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielson, R. Jordan","contributorId":29682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jordan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffitt, Christine M. 0000-0001-6020-9728 cmoffitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-9728","contributorId":2583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffitt","given":"Christine","email":"cmoffitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039313,"text":"70039313 - 2012 - Archive eggs: a research and management tool for avian conservation breeding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-02T01:01:49","indexId":"70039313","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Archive eggs: a research and management tool for avian conservation breeding","docAbstract":"Worldwide, approximately 168 bird species are captive-bred for reintroduction into the wild. Programs tend to be initiated for species with a high level of endangerment. Depressed hatching success can be a problem for such programs and has been linked to artificial incubation. The need for artificial incubation is driven by the practice of multiclutching to increase egg production or by uncertainty over the incubation abilities of captive birds. There has been little attempt to determine how artificial incubation differs from bird-contact incubation. We describe a novel archive (data-logger) egg and use it to compare temperature, humidity, and egg-turning in 5 whooping crane (Grus americana) nests, 4 sandhill crane (G. canadensis) nests, and 3 models of artificial incubator; each of which are used to incubate eggs in whooping crane captive-breeding programs. Mean incubation temperature was 31.7° C for whooping cranes and 32.83° C for sandhill cranes. This is well below that of the artificial incubators (which were set based on a protocol of 37.6° C). Humidity in crane nests varied considerably, but median humidity in all 3 artificial incubators was substantially different from that in the crane nests. Two artificial incubators failed to turn the eggs in a way that mimicked crane egg-turning. Archive eggs are an effective tool for guiding the management of avian conservation breeding programs, and can be custom-made for other species. They also have potential to be applied to research on wild populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1002/wsb.150","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Moehrenschlager, A., Christensen, N., Knapik, D., Gibson, K., and Converse, S., 2012, Archive eggs: a research and management tool for avian conservation breeding: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 36, no. 2, p. 342-349, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.150.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"342","endPage":"349","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500047,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/9f89b6c9d5e94a5791826eb277a4f4e8","text":"External Repository"},{"id":259344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259337,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.150","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed32e4b0c8380cd496a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Des","contributorId":98163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Des","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moehrenschlager, Axel","contributorId":32770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moehrenschlager","given":"Axel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, Nancy","contributorId":28114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Nancy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knapik, Dwight","contributorId":14681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapik","given":"Dwight","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gibson, Keith","contributorId":65320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J.","contributorId":85716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70045129,"text":"70045129 - 2012 - Deterministic estimation of hydrological thresholds for shallow landslide initiation and slope stability models: case study from the Somma-Vesuvius area of southern Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-15T11:19:59","indexId":"70045129","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deterministic estimation of hydrological thresholds for shallow landslide initiation and slope stability models: case study from the Somma-Vesuvius area of southern Italy","docAbstract":"Rainfall-induced debris flows involving ash-fall pyroclastic deposits that cover steep mountain slopes surrounding the Somma-Vesuvius volcano are natural events and a source of risk for urban settlements located at footslopes in the area. This paper describes experimental methods and modelling results of shallow landslides that occurred on 5–6 May 1998 in selected areas of the Sarno Mountain Range. Stratigraphical surveys carried out in initiation areas show that ash-fall pyroclastic deposits are discontinuously distributed along slopes, with total thicknesses that vary from a maximum value on slopes inclined less than 30° to near zero thickness on slopes inclined greater than 50°. This distribution of cover thickness influences the stratigraphical setting and leads to downward thinning and the pinching out of pyroclastic horizons. Three engineering geological settings were identified, in which most of the initial landslides that triggered debris flows occurred in May 1998 can be classified as (1) knickpoints, characterised by a downward progressive thinning of the pyroclastic mantle; (2) rocky scarps that abruptly interrupt the pyroclastic mantle; and (3) road cuts in the pyroclastic mantle that occur in a critical range of slope angle. Detailed topographic and stratigraphical surveys coupled with field and laboratory tests were conducted to define geometric, hydraulic and mechanical features of pyroclastic soil horizons in the source areas and to carry out hydrological numerical modelling of hillslopes under different rainfall conditions. The slope stability for three representative cases was calculated considering the real sliding surface of the initial landslides and the pore pressures during the infiltration process. The hydrological modelling of hillslopes demonstrated localised increase of pore pressure, up to saturation, where pyroclastic horizons with higher hydraulic conductivity pinch out and the thickness of pyroclastic mantle reduces or is interrupted. These results lead to the identification of a comprehensive hydrogeomorphological model of susceptibility to initial landslides that links morphological, stratigraphical and hydrological conditions. The calculation of intensities and durations of rainfall necessary for slope instability allowed the identification of deterministic hydrological thresholds that account for uncertainty in properties and observed rainfall intensities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10346-012-0348-2","usgsCitation":"Baum, R.L., Godt, J.W., De Vita, P., and Napolitano, E., 2012, Deterministic estimation of hydrological thresholds for shallow landslide initiation and slope stability models: case study from the Somma-Vesuvius area of southern Italy: Landslides, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-012-0348-2.","ipdsId":"IP-037238","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270912,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-012-0348-2"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516d2169e4b0411d430a8a09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Vita, P.","contributorId":26207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Vita","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Napolitano, E.","contributorId":97401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Napolitano","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003665,"text":"70003665 - 2012 - The influence of external subsidies on diet, growth and Hg concentrations of freshwater sport fish: implications for management and fish consumption advisories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-05T17:16:16","indexId":"70003665","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of external subsidies on diet, growth and Hg concentrations of freshwater sport fish: implications for management and fish consumption advisories","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) contamination in sport fish is a global problem. In freshwater systems, food web structure, sport fish sex, size, diet and growth rates influence Hg bioaccumulation. Fish stocking is a common management practice worldwide that can introduce external energy and contaminants into freshwater systems. Thus, stocking can alter many of the factors that influence Hg concentrations in sport fish. Here we evaluated the influence of external subsidies, in the form of hatchery-raised rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss on walleye Sander vitreus diet, growth and Hg concentrations in two freshwater systems. Stocking differentially influenced male and female walleye diets and growth, producing a counterintuitive size-contamination relationship. Modeling indicated that walleye growth rate and diet were important explanatory variables when predicting Hg concentrations. Thus, hatchery contributions to freshwater systems in the form of energy and contaminants can influence diet, growth and Hg concentrations in sport fish. Given the extensive scale of fish stocking, and the known health risks associated with Hg contamination, this represents a significant issue for managers monitoring and manipulating freshwater food web structures, and policy makers attempting to develop fish consumption advisories to protect human health in stocked systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10646-012-0921-4","usgsCitation":"Lepak, J., Hooten, M., and Johnson, B., 2012, The influence of external subsidies on diet, growth and Hg concentrations of freshwater sport fish: implications for management and fish consumption advisories: Ecotoxicology, v. 21, no. 7, p. 1878-1888, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-0921-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1878","endPage":"1888","costCenters":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259384,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-0921-4","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad1ee4b08c986b3239b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lepak, J.M.","contributorId":106332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lepak","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, M.B.","contributorId":50261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, B. M.","contributorId":71511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038495,"text":"70038495 - 2012 - Surface properties of the Mars Science Laboratory candidate landing sites: characterization from orbit and predictions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-21T17:16:41","indexId":"70038495","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3454,"text":"Space Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface properties of the Mars Science Laboratory candidate landing sites: characterization from orbit and predictions","docAbstract":"This work describes the interpretation of THEMIS-derived thermal inertia data at the Eberswalde, Gale, Holden, and Mawrth Vallis Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) candidate landing sites and determines how thermophysical variations correspond to morphology and, when apparent, mineralogical diversity. At Eberswalde, the proportion of likely unconsolidated material relative to exposed bedrock or highly indurated surfaces controls the thermal inertia of a given region. At Gale, the majority of the landing site region has a moderate thermal inertia (250 to 410 J m-2 K-1 s-1/2), which is likely an indurated surface mixed with unconsolidated materials. The primary difference between higher and moderate thermal inertia surfaces may be due to the amount of mantling material present. Within the mound of stratified material in Gale, layers are distinguished in the thermal inertia data; the MSL rover could be traversing through materials that are both thermophysically and compositionally diverse. The majority of the Holden ellipse has a thermal inertia of 340 to 475 J m-2 K-1 s-1/2 and consists of bed forms with some consolidated material intermixed. Mawrth Vallis has a mean thermal inertia of 310 J m-2 K-1 s-1/2 and a wide variety of materials is present contributing to the moderate thermal inertia surfaces, including a mixture of bedrock, indurated surfaces, bed forms, and unconsolidated fines. Phyllosilicates have been identified at all four candidate landing sites, and these clay-bearing units typically have a similar thermal inertia value (400 to 500 J m-2 K-1 s-1/2), suggesting physical properties that are also similar.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Space Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s11214-012-9891-3","usgsCitation":"Fergason, R., Christensen, P.R., Golombek, M., and Parker, T.J., 2012, Surface properties of the Mars Science Laboratory candidate landing sites: characterization from orbit and predictions: Space Science Reviews, v. 170, no. 1-4, p. 739-773, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9891-3.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"773","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257911,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9891-3","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"170","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fbae4b08c986b31e7d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fergason, R.L.","contributorId":13786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fergason","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golombek, M.P.","contributorId":52696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, T. J.","contributorId":30776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039314,"text":"70039314 - 2012 - Population dynamics of Hawaiian seabird colonies vulnerable to sea-level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-19T14:00:37","indexId":"70039314","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population dynamics of Hawaiian seabird colonies vulnerable to sea-level rise","docAbstract":"Globally, seabirds are vulnerable to anthropogenic threats both at sea and on land. Seabirds typically nest colonially and show strong fidelity to natal colonies, and such colonies on low-lying islands may be threatened by sea-level rise. We used French Frigate Shoals, the largest atoll in the Hawaiian Archipelago, as a case study to explore the population dynamics of seabird colonies and the potential effects sea-level rise may have on these rookeries. We compiled historic observations, a 30-year time series of seabird population abundance, lidar-derived elevations, and aerial imagery of all the islands of French Frigate Shoals. To estimate the population dynamics of 8 species of breeding seabirds on Tern Island from 1980 to 2009, we used a Gompertz model with a Bayesian approach to infer population growth rates, density dependence, process variation, and observation error. All species increased in abundance, in a pattern that provided evidence of density dependence. Great Frigatebirds (Fregata minor), Masked Boobies (Sula dactylatra), Red-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda), Spectacled Terns (Onychoprion lunatus), and White Terns (Gygis alba) are likely at carrying capacity. Density dependence may exacerbate the effects of sea-level rise on seabirds because populations near carrying capacity on an island will be more negatively affected than populations with room for growth. We projected 12% of French Frigate Shoals will be inundated if sea level rises 1 m and 28% if sea level rises 2 m. Spectacled Terns and shrub-nesting species are especially vulnerable to sea-level rise, but seawalls and habitat restoration may mitigate the effects of sea-level rise. Losses of seabird nesting habitat may be substantial in the Hawaiian Islands by 2100 if sea levels rise 2 m. Restoration of higher-elevation seabird colonies represent a more enduring conservation solution for Pacific seabirds.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01853.x","usgsCitation":"Hatfield, J.S., Reynolds, M.H., Seavy, N., and Krause, C.M., 2012, Population dynamics of Hawaiian seabird colonies vulnerable to sea-level rise: Conservation Biology, v. 26, no. 4, p. 667-678, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01853.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"667","endPage":"678","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259358,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01853.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d48e4b0c8380cd79e63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":95187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Michelle H. 0000-0001-7253-8158 mreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":3871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Michelle","email":"mreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seavy, Nathaniel E.","contributorId":19829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seavy","given":"Nathaniel E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krause, Crystal M.","contributorId":101919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039369,"text":"70039369 - 2012 - Dam removal increases American eel abundance in distant headwater streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-02T01:01:49","indexId":"70039369","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dam removal increases American eel abundance in distant headwater streams","docAbstract":"American eel Anguilla rostrata abundances have undergone significant declines over the last 50 years, and migration barriers have been recognized as a contributing cause. We evaluated eel abundances in headwater streams of Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, to compare sites before and after the removal of a large downstream dam in 2004 (Embrey Dam, Rappahannock River). Eel abundances in headwater streams increased significantly after the removal of Embrey Dam. Observed eel abundances after dam removal exceeded predictions derived from autoregressive models parameterized with data prior to dam removal. Mann–Kendall analyses also revealed consistent increases in eel abundances from 2004 to 2010 but inconsistent temporal trends before dam removal. Increasing eel numbers could not be attributed to changes in local physical habitat (i.e., mean stream depth or substrate size) or regional population dynamics (i.e., abundances in Maryland streams or Virginia estuaries). Dam removal was associated with decreasing minimum eel lengths in headwater streams, suggesting that the dam previously impeded migration of many small-bodied individuals (<300 mm TL). We hypothesize that restoring connectivity to headwater streams could increase eel population growth rates by increasing female eel numbers and fecundity. This study demonstrated that dams may influence eel abundances in headwater streams up to 150 river kilometers distant, and that dam removal may provide benefits for eel management and conservation at the landscape scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.675918","usgsCitation":"Hitt, N.P., Eyler, S., and Wofford, J.E., 2012, Dam removal increases American eel abundance in distant headwater streams: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 5, p. 1171-1179, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.675918.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1171","endPage":"1179","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259336,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.675918","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","volume":"141","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd5de4b0c8380cd4e7d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568 nhitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":4435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nhitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eyler, Sheila","contributorId":13087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eyler","given":"Sheila","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wofford, John E. B.","contributorId":38951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wofford","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039350,"text":"70039350 - 2012 - Adult tree swallow survival on the polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated Hudson River, New York, USA, between 2006 and 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-03T01:02:04","indexId":"70039350","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adult tree swallow survival on the polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated Hudson River, New York, USA, between 2006 and 2010","docAbstract":"The upper Hudson River basin in east central New York, USA, is highly contaminated, primarily with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Reduced adult survival has been documented in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) at a similarly PCB-contaminated river system in western Massachusetts. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether adult survival of tree swallows was likewise affected in the Hudson River basin. Between 2006 and 2010, a total of 521 female tree swallows were banded, of which 148 were retrapped at least once. The authors used Program MARK and an information theoretic approach to test the hypothesis that PCB contamination reduced annual survival of female tree swallows. The model that best described the processes that generated the capture history data included covariate effects of year and female plumage coloration on survival but not PCB/river. Annual survival rates of brown-plumaged females (mostly one year old) were generally lower (mean phi = 0.39) than those of blue-plumaged females (mean phi = 0.50, one year or older). Poor early spring weather in 2007 was associated with reduced survival in both plumage-color groups compared to later years. Models with the effects of PCB exposure on survival (all ΔAICc values >5.0) received little support.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/etc.1894","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., Custer, T.W., and Hines, J., 2012, Adult tree swallow survival on the polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated Hudson River, New York, USA, between 2006 and 2010: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 31, no. 8, p. 1788-1792, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1894.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1788","endPage":"1792","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259407,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.1894"},{"id":259410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Upper Hudson River Basin","volume":"31","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6ffe4b0c8380cd477ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582 ccuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":1143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"ccuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005736,"text":"70005736 - 2012 - Source rock contributions to the Lower Cretaceous heavy oil accumulations in Alberta: a basin modeling study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T13:18:08","indexId":"70005736","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source rock contributions to the Lower Cretaceous heavy oil accumulations in Alberta: a basin modeling study","docAbstract":"The origin of the immense oil sand deposits in Lower Cretaceous reservoirs of the Western Canada sedimentary basin is still a matter of debate, specifically with respect to the original in-place volumes and contributing source rocks. In this study, the contributions from the main source rocks were addressed using a three-dimensional petroleum system model calibrated to well data. A sensitivity analysis of source rock definition was performed in the case of the two main contributors, which are the Lower Jurassic Gordondale Member of the Fernie Group and the Upper Devonian–Lower Mississippian Exshaw Formation. This sensitivity analysis included variations of assigned total organic carbon and hydrogen index for both source intervals, and in the case of the Exshaw Formation, variations of thickness in areas beneath the Rocky Mountains were also considered. All of the modeled source rocks reached the early or main oil generation stages by 60 Ma, before the onset of the Laramide orogeny. Reconstructed oil accumulations were initially modest because of limited trapping efficiency. This was improved by defining lateral stratigraphic seals within the carrier system. An additional sealing effect by biodegraded oil may have hindered the migration of petroleum in the northern areas, but not to the east of Athabasca. In the latter case, the main trapping controls are dominantly stratigraphic and structural. Our model, based on available data, identifies the Gordondale source rock as the contributor of more than 54% of the oil in the Athabasca and Peace River accumulations, followed by minor amounts from Exshaw (15%) and other Devonian to Lower Jurassic source rocks. The proposed strong contribution of petroleum from the Exshaw Formation source rock to the Athabasca oil sands is only reproduced by assuming 25 m (82 ft) of mature Exshaw in the kitchen areas, with original total organic carbon of 9% or more.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/11141111064","usgsCitation":"Berbesi, L.A., di Primio, R., Anka, Z., Horsfield, B., and Higley, D.K., 2012, Source rock contributions to the Lower Cretaceous heavy oil accumulations in Alberta: a basin modeling study: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 96, no. 7, p. 1211-1234, https://doi.org/10.1306/11141111064.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1211","endPage":"1234","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259380,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/11141111064","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada","state":"Alberta","volume":"96","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b933ce4b08c986b31a3b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berbesi, Luiyin Alejandro","contributorId":22640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berbesi","given":"Luiyin","email":"","middleInitial":"Alejandro","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"di Primio, Rolando","contributorId":66133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"di Primio","given":"Rolando","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anka, Zahie","contributorId":23401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anka","given":"Zahie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horsfield, Brian","contributorId":12338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horsfield","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Higley, Debra K. 0000-0001-8024-9954 higley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9954","contributorId":152663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higley","given":"Debra","email":"higley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70039372,"text":"70039372 - 2012 - Estimating abundance of mountain lions from unstructured spatial sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-12T19:58:05.240313","indexId":"70039372","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating abundance of mountain lions from unstructured spatial sampling","docAbstract":"Mountain lions (Puma concolor) are often difficult to monitor because of their low capture probabilities, extensive movements, and large territories. Methods for estimating the abundance of this species are needed to assess population status, determine harvest levels, evaluate the impacts of management actions on populations, and derive conservation and management strategies. Traditional mark–recapture methods do not explicitly account for differences in individual capture probabilities due to the spatial distribution of individuals in relation to survey effort (or trap locations). However, recent advances in the analysis of capture–recapture data have produced methods estimating abundance and density of animals from spatially explicit capture–recapture data that account for heterogeneity in capture probabilities due to the spatial organization of individuals and traps. We adapt recently developed spatial capture–recapture models to estimate density and abundance of mountain lions in western Montana. Volunteers and state agency personnel collected mountain lion DNA samples in portions of the Blackfoot drainage (7,908 km2) in west-central Montana using 2 methods: snow back-tracking mountain lion tracks to collect hair samples and biopsy darting treed mountain lions to obtain tissue samples. Overall, we recorded 72 individual capture events, including captures both with and without tissue sample collection and hair samples resulting in the identification of 50 individual mountain lions (30 females, 19 males, and 1 unknown sex individual). We estimated lion densities from 8 models containing effects of distance, sex, and survey effort on detection probability. Our population density estimates ranged from a minimum of 3.7 mountain lions/100 km2 (95% Cl 2.3–5.7) under the distance only model (including only an effect of distance on detection probability) to 6.7 (95% Cl 3.1–11.0) under the full model (including effects of distance, sex, survey effort, and distance x sex on detection probability). These numbers translate to a total estimate of 293 mountain lions (95% Cl 182–451) to 529 (95% Cl 245–870) within the Blackfoot drainage. Results from the distance model are similar to previous estimates of 3.6 mountain lions/100 km2 for the study area; however, results from all other models indicated greater numbers of mountain lions. Our results indicate that unstructured spatial sampling combined with spatial capture–recapture analysis can be an effective method for estimating large carnivore densities.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","usgsCitation":"Russell, R.E., Royle, J., Desimone, R., Schwartz, M.K., Edwards, V.L., Pilgrim, K.P., and Mckelvey, K.S., 2012, Estimating abundance of mountain lions from unstructured spatial sampling: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 76, no. 8, p. 1551-1561.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1551","endPage":"1561","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-029409","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259377,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b08e4b0c8380cd52520","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, Robin E. 0000-0001-8726-7303 rerussell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7303","contributorId":3998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Robin","email":"rerussell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Desimone, Richard","contributorId":33964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Desimone","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwartz, Michael K.","contributorId":102326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, Victoria L.","contributorId":90149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pilgrim, Kristy P.","contributorId":18615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilgrim","given":"Kristy","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mckelvey, Kevin S.","contributorId":22617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mckelvey","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70043365,"text":"70043365 - 2012 - Predicting Impacts of Increased CO2 and Climate Change on the Water Cycle and Water Quality in the Semiarid James River Basin of the Midwestern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-07T08:26:21","indexId":"70043365","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting Impacts of Increased CO2 and Climate Change on the Water Cycle and Water Quality in the Semiarid James River Basin of the Midwestern USA","docAbstract":"Emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols from human activities continue to alter the climate and likely will have significant impacts on the terrestrial hydrological cycle and water quality, especially in arid and semiarid regions. We applied an improved Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to evaluate impacts of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and potential climate change on the water cycle and nitrogen loads in the semiarid James River Basin (JRB) in the Midwestern United States. We assessed responses of water yield, soil water content, groundwater recharge, and nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N) load under hypothetical climate-sensitivity scenarios in terms of CO2, precipitation, and air temperature. We extended our predictions of the dynamics of these hydrological variables into the mid-21st century with downscaled climate projections integrated across output from six General Circulation Models. Our simulation results compared against the baseline period 1980 to 2009 suggest the JRB hydrological system is highly responsive to rising levels of CO2 concentration and potential climate change. Under our scenarios, substantial decrease in precipitation and increase in air temperature by the mid-21st century could result in significant reduction in water yield, soil water content, and groundwater recharge. Our model also estimated decreased NO3–N load to streams, which could be beneficial, but a concomitant increase in NO3–N concentration due to a decrease in streamflow likely would degrade stream water and threaten aquatic ecosystems. These results highlight possible risks of drought, water supply shortage, and water quality degradation in this basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.058","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., Liu, S., and Gallant, A.L., 2012, Predicting Impacts of Increased CO2 and Climate Change on the Water Cycle and Water Quality in the Semiarid James River Basin of the Midwestern USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 430, p. 150-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.058.","startPage":"150","endPage":"160","ipdsId":"IP-037398","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270628,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.058"}],"country":"United States","volume":"430","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5162956fe4b0c25842758d07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shu-Guang sliu@usgs.gov","contributorId":984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shu-Guang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042956,"text":"70042956 - 2012 - Carbon sequestration via reaction with basaltic rocks: geochemical modeling and experimental results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-04T12:18:45","indexId":"70042956","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon sequestration via reaction with basaltic rocks: geochemical modeling and experimental results","docAbstract":"Basaltic rocks are potential repositories for sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) because of their capacity for trapping CO2 in carbonate minerals. We carried out a series of thermodynamic equilibrium models and high pressure experiments, reacting basalt with CO2-charged fluids over a range of conditions from 50 to 200 °C at 300 bar. Results indicate basalt has a high reactivity to CO2 acidified brine. Carbon dioxide is taken up from solution at all temperatures from 50 to 200 °C, 300 bar, but the maximum extent and rate of reaction occurs at 100 °C, 300 bar. Reaction path simulations utilizing the geochemical modeling program CHILLER predicted an equilibrium carbonate alteration assemblage of calcite, magnesite, and siderite, but the only secondary carbonate identified in the experiments was a ferroan magnesite. The amount of uptake at 100 °C, 300 bar ranged from 8% by weight for a typical tholeite to 26% for a picrite. The actual amount of CO2 uptake and extent of rock alteration coincides directly with the magnesium content of the rock suggesting that overall reaction extent is controlled by bulk basalt Mg content. In terms of sequestering CO2, an average basaltic MgO content of 8% is equivalent to 2.6 × 108 metric ton CO2/km3 basalt.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2012.04.042","usgsCitation":"Rosenbauer, R.J., Thomas, B., Bischoff, J.L., and Palandri, J., 2012, Carbon sequestration via reaction with basaltic rocks: geochemical modeling and experimental results: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 89, p. 116-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.04.042.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-026535","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270536,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.04.042"}],"volume":"89","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515d4f63e4b0803bd2eec51c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Burt","contributorId":95454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Burt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":472664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palandri, James","contributorId":61313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palandri","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70005805,"text":"70005805 - 2012 - Sediment mobility and bed armoring in the St Clair River: insights from hydrodynamic modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T09:11:03","indexId":"70005805","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment mobility and bed armoring in the St Clair River: insights from hydrodynamic modeling","docAbstract":"The lake levels in Lake Michigan-Huron have recently fallen to near historical lows, as has the elevation difference between Lake Michigan-Huron compared to Lake Erie. This decline in lake levels has the potential to cause detrimental impacts on the lake ecosystems, together with social and economic impacts on communities in the entire Great Lakes region. Results from past work suggest that morphological changes in the St Clair River, which is the only natural outlet for Lake Michigan-Huron, could be an appreciable factor in the recent trends of lake level decline. A key research question is whether bed erosion within the river has caused an increase in water conveyance, therefore, contributed to the falling lake level. In this paper, a numerical modeling approach with field data is used to investigate the possibility of sediment movement in the St Clair River and assess the likelihood of morphological change under the current flow regime. A two-dimensional numerical model was used to study flow structure, bed shear stress, and sediment mobility/armoring over a range of flow discharges. Boundary conditions for the numerical model were provided by detailed field measurements that included high-resolution bathymetry and three-dimensional flow velocities. The results indicate that, without considering other effects, under the current range of flow conditions, the shear stresses produced by the river flow are too low to transport most of the coarse bed sediment within the reach and are too low to cause substantial bed erosion or bed scour. However, the detailed maps of the bed show mobile bedforms in the upper St Clair River that are indicative of sediment transport. Relatively high shear stresses near a constriction at the upstream end of the river and at channel bends could cause local scour and deposition. Ship-induced propeller wake erosion also is a likely cause of sediment movement in the entire reach. Other factors that may promote sediment movement, such as ice cover and dredging in the lower river, require further investigation.
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The primary objectives of this energetic model were to (1) predict extra flight energy that whooping cranes may require to find suitable migration stopover sites if they are unable to use a primary site; and (2) express energy expended as additional time required to replenish lipid reserves used to fuel flight. The energetic model is based on three elements related to energy: expenditure of energy, intake of energy, and constraints to energy intake. The energetic model estimates each element and recognizes interactions among them. This framework will be most useful when integrated into a migration model that predicts incidence of avoidance of wind towers by whooping cranes and distances they might fly to find alternative stopover habitat. This report details work conducted in accordance with the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Quick Response Program funded in fiscal year 2011 and will serve as a final report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121156","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Pearse, A.T., and Selbo, S.M., 2012, Model of whooping crane energetics as foundation for development of a method to assess potential take during migration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1156, iv, 13 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121156.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259321,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259322,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1156/of12-1156.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bb1e4b0c8380cd6f733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearse, Aaron T. 0000-0002-6137-1556 apearse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-1556","contributorId":1772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Aaron","email":"apearse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selbo, Sarena M.","contributorId":85027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbo","given":"Sarena","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}