{"pageNumber":"7","pageRowStart":"150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":409,"records":[{"id":80602,"text":"ds301 - 2007 - Ground-water quality data in the Southern Sierra study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-16T11:57:50.378315","indexId":"ds301","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"301","title":"Ground-water quality data in the Southern Sierra study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA program","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality in the approximately 1,800 square-mile Southern Sierra study unit (SOSA) was investigated in June 2006 as part of the Statewide Basin Assessment Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Statewide Basin Assessment Project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).\r\n\r\nThe Southern Sierra study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of raw ground-water quality within SOSA, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from fifty wells in Kern and Tulare Counties. Thirty-five of the wells were selected using a randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study area, and fifteen were selected to evaluate changes in water chemistry along ground-water flow paths.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water samples were analyzed for a large number of synthetic organic constituents [volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides and pesticide degradates, pharmaceutical compounds, and wastewater-indicator compounds], constituents of special interest [perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), and 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP)], naturally occurring inorganic constituents [nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements], radioactive constituents, and microbial indicators. Naturally occurring isotopes [tritium, and carbon-14, and stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water], and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the source and age of the sampled ground water.\r\n\r\nQuality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and samples for matrix spikes) were collected for approximately one-eighth of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the ground-water samples. Assessment of the quality-control information resulted in censoring of less than 0.2 percent of the data collected for ground-water samples.\r\n\r\nThis study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, water typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain acceptable water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to treated water that is served to the consumer, not to raw ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw ground water were compared with health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and thresholds established for aesthetic concerns (secondary maximum contaminant levels, SMCL-CA) by CDPH.\r\n\r\nVOCs and pesticides were detected in less than one-third of the grid wells, and all detections in samples from SOSA wells were below health-based thresholds. All detections of trace elements and nutrients in samples from SOSA wells were below health-based thresholds, with the exception of four detections of arsenic that were above the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) and one detection of boron that was above the CDPH notification level (NL-CA). All detections of radioactive constituents were below health-based thresholds, although four samples had activities of radon-222 above the proposed MCL-US. Most of the samples from SOSA wells had concentrations of major elements, total dissolved solids, and trace elements below the non-enforceable thresholds set for aesthetic concerns. A few samples contained iron, manganese, or total dissolved solids at concentrations above the SMCL-CA thresholds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds301","usgsCitation":"Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2007, Ground-water quality data in the Southern Sierra study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 301, viii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds301.","productDescription":"viii, 78 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":389290,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82645.htm"},{"id":10421,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/301/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern Sierra study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.9333,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.0,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.0,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.9333,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.9333,\n              35\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d55b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80382,"text":"ofr20071093 - 2007 - Ground-Water Quality in the Genesee River Basin, New York, 2005-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:19","indexId":"ofr20071093","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1093","title":"Ground-Water Quality in the Genesee River Basin, New York, 2005-2006","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from 7 community water system wells and 15 private domestic wells throughout the Genesee River Basin in New York State (downstream from the Pennsylvania border) from October 2005 through March 2006 and analyzed to characterize the chemical quality of ground water in the basin. The wells were selected to represent areas of greatest ground-water use and to provide a representative sampling from the 2,439 square-mile basin area in New York. Samples were analyzed for five physical properties and 226 constituents that included nutrients, major inorganic ions, trace elements, radionuclides, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and bacteria.\r\n\r\nThe results show that ground water used for drinking water is generally of good quality in the Genesee River Basin, although concentrations of seven constituents exceeded drinking water standards. The cations that were detected in the highest concentrations were calcium, magnesium, and sodium; the anions that were detected in the greatest concentrations were bicarbonate, chloride, and sulfate. The predominant nutrient was nitrate, and nitrate concentrations were greater in samples from sand and gravel aquifers than in samples from bedrock aquifers. The trace elements barium, boron, cobalt, copper, and nickel were detected in every sample; the highest concentrations were barium, boron, chromium, iron, manganese, strontium, and lithium. Fourteen pesticides including seven pesticide degradates were detected in water from 12 of the 22 wells, but none of the concentrations exceeded Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). Eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in six samples, but none of the concentrations exceeded MCLs.\r\n\r\nSeven chemical analytes and three types of bacteria were present in concentrations that exceeded Federal and New York State water-quality standards, which are typically identical. Sulfate concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) of 250 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in three samples; the chloride SMCL (250 mg/L) was exceeded in one sample. Sodium concentrations exceeded the USEPA Drinking Water Health Advisory of 60 mg/L in five samples. The SMCL for iron (300 ug/L) was exceeded in 11 filtered samples; the USEPA SMCL for manganese (50 ug/L) was exceeded in 10 filtered samples, and the New York State MCL (300 ug/L) was exceeded in 1 filtered sample. The MCL for aluminum (200 ug/L) was exceeded in 1 sample, and the MCL for arsenic (10 ug/L) was exceeded in 1 sample. Radon-222 exceeded the proposed USEPA MCL of 300 picocuries per liter in 16 samples. Any detection of total coliform or fecal coliform bacteria is considered a violation of New York State health regulations; in this study, total coliform was detected in eight samples; fecal coliform was detected in two samples, and Escherichia coli was detected in one sample.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071093","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Eckhardt, D., Reddy, J., and Tamulonis, K.L., 2007, Ground-Water Quality in the Genesee River Basin, New York, 2005-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1093, vi, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071093.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10205,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a860f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eckhardt, David A.V.","contributorId":80233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhardt","given":"David A.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, J.E.","contributorId":32943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tamulonis, Kathryn L.","contributorId":75234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tamulonis","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":80079,"text":"ds258 - 2007 - Ground-water quality data in the Monterey Bay and Salinas Valley Basins, California, 2005— Results from the California GAMA program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-15T19:13:32.416447","indexId":"ds258","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"258","title":"Ground-water quality data in the Monterey Bay and Salinas Valley Basins, California, 2005— Results from the California GAMA program","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality in the approximately 1,000-square-mile Monterey Bay and Salinas Valley study unit was investigated from July through October 2005 as part of the California Ground-Water Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) program. The study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of raw ground-water quality, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 94 public-supply wells and 3 monitoring wells in Monterey, Santa Cruz, and San Luis Obispo Counties. Ninety-one of the public-supply wells sampled were selected to provide a spatially distributed, randomized monitoring network for statistical representation of the study area. Six wells were sampled to evaluate changes in water chemistry: three wells along a ground-water flow path were sampled to evaluate lateral changes, and three wells at discrete depths from land surface were sampled to evaluate changes in water chemistry with depth from land surface.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, pesticide degradates, nutrients, major and minor ions, trace elements, radioactivity, microbial indicators, and dissolved noble gases (the last in collaboration with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory). Naturally occurring isotopes (tritium, carbon-14, helium-4, and the isotopic composition of oxygen and hydrogen) also were measured to help identify the source and age of the sampled ground water. In total, 270 constituents and water-quality indicators were investigated for this study. This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, water typically is treated, disinfected, and (or) blended with other waters to maintain water quality. In addition, regulatory thresholds apply to treated water that is served to the consumer, not to raw ground water.\r\n\r\nIn this study, only six constituents, alpha radioactivity, N-nitrosodimethylamine, 1,2,3-trichloropropane, nitrate, radon-222, and coliform bacteria were detected at concentrations higher than health-based regulatory thresholds. Six constituents, including total dissolved solids, hexavalent chromium, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and sulfate were detected at concentrations above levels set for aesthetic concerns.\r\n\r\nOne-third of the randomized wells sampled for the Monterey Bay and Salinas Valley GAMA study had at least a single detection of a VOC or gasoline additive. Twenty-eight of the 88 VOCs and gasoline additives investigated were found in ground-water samples; however, detected concentrations were one-third to one-sixty-thousandth of their respective regulatory thresholds. Compounds detected in 10 percent or more of the wells sampled include chloroform, a compound resulting from the chlorination of water, and tetrachloroethylene (PCE), a common solvent.\r\n\r\nPesticides and pesticide degradates also were detected in one-third of the ground-water samples collected; however, detected concentrations were one-thirtieth to one-fourteen-thousandth of their respective regulatory thresholds. Ten of the 122 pesticides and pesticide degradates investigated were found in ground-water samples. Compounds detected in 10 percent or more of the wells sampled include the herbicide simazine, and the pesticide degradate deethylatrazine.\r\n\r\nGround-water samples had a median total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of 467 milligrams per liter (mg/L), and 16 of the 34 samples had TDS concentrations above the recommended secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL-a threshold established for aesthetic qualities: taste, odor, and color) of 500 mg/L, while four samples had concentrations above the upper SMCL of 1,000 mg/L. Concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite ranged from 0.04 to 37.8 mg/L (as nitrogen), and two samples had concentrations above the health-based threshold for nitrate of 10 mg/L (as nitrogen). The median sulfate concentration","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds258","usgsCitation":"Kulongoski, J., and Belitz, K., 2007, Ground-water quality data in the Monterey Bay and Salinas Valley Basins, California, 2005— Results from the California GAMA program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 258, x, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds258.","productDescription":"x, 84 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-07-01","temporalEnd":"2005-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9868,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2007/258/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389287,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81494.htm"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay and Salinas Valley Basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.14599609375001,\n              34.994003757575776\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.43212890625,\n              34.994003757575776\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.43212890625,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14599609375001,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14599609375001,\n              34.994003757575776\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a85fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":94750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79969,"text":"ofr20071098 - 2007 - Ground-Water Quality in the Delaware River Basin, New York, 2001 and 2005-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"ofr20071098","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1098","title":"Ground-Water Quality in the Delaware River Basin, New York, 2001 and 2005-2006","docAbstract":"The Federal Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 require that States monitor and report on the quality of ground water and surface water. To satisfy part of these requirements, the U.S. Geological Survey and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation have developed a program in which ground-water quality is assessed in 2 to 3 of New York State's 14 major basins each year. To characterize the quality of ground water in the Delaware River Basin in New York, water samples were collected from December 2005 to February 2006 from 10 wells finished in bedrock. Data from 9 samples collected from wells finished in sand and gravel in July and August 2001 for the National Water Quality Assessment Program also are included. Ground-water samples were collected and processed using standard U.S. Geological Survey procedures. Samples were analyzed for more than 230 properties and compounds, including physical properties, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, radon-222, pesticides and pesticide degradates, volatile organic compounds, and bacteria.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of most compounds were less than drinking-water standards established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and New York State Department of Health; many of the organic analytes were not detected in any sample. Drinking-water standards that were exceeded at some sites include those for color, turbidity, pH, aluminum, arsenic, iron, manganese, radon-222, and bacteria. pH ranged from 5.6 to 8.3; the pH of nine samples was less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary drinking-water standard range of 6.5 to 8.5. Water in the basin is generally soft to moderately hard (hardness 120 milligrams per liter as CaCO3 or less). The cation with the highest median concentration was calcium; the anion with the highest median concentrations was bicarbonate. Nitrate was the predominant nutrient detected but no sample exceeded the 10 mg/L U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level. The trace elements detected with the highest median concentrations were strontium and iron in unfiltered water and strontium and barium in filtered water. Concentrations of trace elements in several samples exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary drinking-water standards, including aluminum (50-200 micrograms per liter, three wells), arsenic (10 micrograms per liter, one well), iron (300 micrograms per liter, three wells), and manganese (50 micrograms per liter, four wells).\r\n\r\nThe median concentration of radon-222 was 1,580 picoCuries per liter. Radon-222 is not currently regulated, but the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed a maximum contaminant level of 300 picoCuries per liter along with an alternative maximum contaminant level of 4,000 picoCuries per liter, to be in effect in states that have programs to address radon in indoor air. Concentrations of radon-222 exceeded the proposed maximum contaminant level in all 19 of the samples and exceeded the proposed alternative maximum contaminant level in 1 sample. Eleven pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in samples from ten wells; all were herbicides or herbicide degradates. Three volatile organic compounds were detected, including disinfection byproducts such as trichloromethane and gasoline components or additives such as methyl tert-butyl ether. No pesticides, pesticide degradates, or volatile organic compounds were detected above established limits. Coliform bacteria were detected in samples from five wells, four of which were finished in sand and gravel; Escherichia coli was not detected in any sample.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071098","collaboration":"In cooperation with New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Nystrom, E.A., 2007, Ground-Water Quality in the Delaware River Basin, New York, 2001 and 2005-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1098, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071098.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-07-01","temporalEnd":"2006-02-28","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9691,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d4f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nystrom, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-0886-3439 nystrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-3439","contributorId":1072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"nystrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79968,"text":"ofr20071066 - 2007 - Ground-Water Quality in the St. Lawrence River Basin, New York, 2005-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"ofr20071066","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1066","title":"Ground-Water Quality in the St. Lawrence River Basin, New York, 2005-06","docAbstract":"The Federal Clean Water Act requires that States monitor and report on the quality of ground water and surface water. To satisfy part of these requirements, the U.S. Geological Survey and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation have developed a program in which ground-water quality is assessed in 2 to 3 of New York State's 14 major river basins each year. To characterize the quality of ground water in the St. Lawrence River Basin in northern New York, water samples were collected from 14 domestic and 11 production wells between August 2005 and January 2006. Eight of the wells were finished in sand and gravel and 17 wells were finished in bedrock. Ground-water samples were collected and processed using standard U.S. Geological Survey procedures and were analyzed for 229 constituents and physical properties, including inorganic constituents, nutrients, trace elements, radon-222, pesticides and pesticide degradates, volatile organic compounds, and bacteria.\r\n\r\nSixty-six constituents were detected above laboratory reporting levels. Concentrations of most compounds at most sites were within drinking water standards established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and New York State Department of Health, but a few compounds exceeded drinking water standards at some sites. Water in the basin is generally hard to very hard (hardness equal to 121 mg/L as CaCO3 or greater); hardness and alkalinity were generally higher in the St. Lawrence Valley than in the Adirondack Mountains. The cation with the highest median concentration was calcium; the anion with the highest median concentration was bicarbonate. The concentration of chloride in one sample exceeded the 250 milligrams per liter U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Drinking Water Standard; the concentration of sulfate in one sample also exceeded the 250 milligrams per liter U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Drinking Water Standard. Nitrate was the predominant nutrient detected but no sample exceeded the 10 mg/L U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level. The trace elements detected with the highest median concentrations were strontium, barium, and iron. Concentration of trace elements in several samples exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Drinking Water Standards, including aluminum (50 micrograms per liter, 4 samples), iron (300 micrograms per liter, 5 samples), and manganese (50 micrograms per liter, 4 samples). The concentration of uranium in one sample from a domestic well finished in crystalline bedrock was three times the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level of 30 micrograms per liter.\r\n\r\nThe median concentration of radon-222 was 600 picoCuries per liter, but concentrations as high as 18,800 picoCuries per liter were detected; two wells with high radon concentrations also had high uranium concentrations. Radon-222 is not currently regulated, but the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed a Maximum Contaminant Level of 300 picoCuries per liter along with an Alternative Maximum Contaminant Level of 4,000 picoCuries per liter, to be in effect in states that have programs to address radon in indoor air. Concentrations of radon-222 exceeded the proposed Maximum Contaminant Level in 60 percent of samples and exceeded the proposed Alternative Maximum Contaminant Level in 8 percent of samples. Six pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected; all were amide or triazine herbicides or degradates. Five volatile organic compounds were detected, including disinfection byproducts such as trichloromethane and gasoline components or additives such as methyl tert-butyl ether. No pesticides, pesticide degradates, or volatile organic compounds were detected above established limits. Coliform bacteria, including Escherichia coli, were detected in three wells finished in carbonate bedrock.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071066","collaboration":"In cooperation with New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Nystrom, E.A., 2007, Ground-Water Quality in the St. Lawrence River Basin, New York, 2005-06: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1066, v, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071066.","productDescription":"v, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-08-01","temporalEnd":"2006-01-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9690,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1066/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d4ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nystrom, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-0886-3439 nystrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-3439","contributorId":1072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"nystrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79605,"text":"sir20065138 - 2007 - Ground-Water Quality of the Northern High Plains Aquifer, 1997, 2002-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:10","indexId":"sir20065138","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5138","title":"Ground-Water Quality of the Northern High Plains Aquifer, 1997, 2002-04","docAbstract":"An assessment of ground-water quality in the northern High Plains aquifer was completed during 1997 and 2002-04. Ground-water samples were collected at 192 low-capacity, primarily domestic wells in four major hydrogeologic units of the northern High Plains aquifer-Ogallala Formation, Eastern Nebraska, Sand Hills, and Platte River Valley. Each well was sampled once, and water samples were analyzed for physical properties and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, pesticides and pesticide degradates, dissolved solids, major ions, trace elements, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), radon, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Tritium and microbiology were analyzed at selected sites. The results of this assessment were used to determine the current water-quality conditions in this subregion of the High Plains aquifer and to relate ground-water quality to natural and human factors affecting water quality.\r\n\r\nWater-quality analyses indicated that water samples rarely exceeded established U.S. Environmental Protection Agency public drinking-water standards for those constituents sampled; 13 of the constituents measured or analyzed exceeded their respective standards in at least one sample. The constituents that most often failed to meet drinking-water standards were dissolved solids (13 percent of samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Drinking-Water Regulation) and arsenic (8 percent of samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level). Nitrate, uranium, iron, and manganese concentrations were larger than drinking-water standards in 6 percent of the samples.\r\n\r\nGround-water chemistry varied among hydrogeologic units. Wells sampled in the Platte River Valley and Eastern Nebraska units exceeded water-quality standards more often than the Ogallala Formation and Sand Hills units. Thirty-one percent of the samples collected in the Platte River Valley unit had nitrate concentrations greater than the standard, 22 percent exceeded the manganese standard, 19 percent exceeded the sulfate standard, 26 percent exceeded the uranium standard, and 38 percent exceeded the dissolved-solids standard. In addition, 78 percent of samples had at least one detectable pesticide and 22 percent of samples had at least one detectable VOC. In the Eastern Nebraska unit, 30 percent of the samples collected had dissolved-solids concentrations larger than the standard, 23 percent exceeded the iron standard, 13 percent exceeded the manganese standard, 10 percent exceeded the arsenic standard, 7 percent exceeded the sulfate standard, 7 percent exceeded the uranium standard, and 7 percent exceeded the selenium standard. No samples exceeded the nitrate standard. Thirty percent of samples had at least one detectable pesticide compound and 10 percent of samples had at least one detectable VOC. In contrast, the Sand Hills and Ogallala Formation units had fewer detections of anthropogenic compounds and drinking-water exceedances. In the Sand Hills unit, 15 percent of the samples exceeded the arsenic standard, 4 percent exceeded the nitrate standard, 4 percent exceeded the uranium standard, 4 percent exceeded the iron standard, and 4 percent exceeded the dissolved-solids standard. Fifteen percent of samples had at least one pesticide compound detected and 4 percent had at least one VOC detected. In the Ogallala Formation unit, 6 percent of water samples exceeded the arsenic standard, 4 percent exceeded the dissolved-solids standard, 3 percent exceeded the nitrate standard, 2 percent exceeded the manganese standard, 1 percent exceeded the iron standard, 1 percent exceeded the sulfate standard, and 1 percent exceeded the uranium standard. Eight percent of samples collected in the Ogallala Formation unit had at least one pesticide detected and 6 percent had at least one VOC detected. Differences in ground-water chemistry among the hydrogeologic units were attributed to variable depth to water, depth of the well screen below the water table, reduction-oxidation conditions, ground-water residence time, interactions with surface water, composition of aquifer sediments, extent of cropland, extent of irrigated land, and fertilizer application rates.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065138","usgsCitation":"Stanton, J.S., and Qi, S.L., 2007, Ground-Water Quality of the Northern High Plains Aquifer, 1997, 2002-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5138, viii, 60 p.; CD-ROM; data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065138.","productDescription":"viii, 60 p.; CD-ROM; data files","numberOfPages":"68","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9228,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5138/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d513","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-2520-753X jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qi, Sharon L. 0000-0001-7278-4498 slqi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-4498","contributorId":1130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Sharon","email":"slqi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032889,"text":"70032889 - 2007 - Seismoelectric data processing for surface surveys of shallow targets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032889","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismoelectric data processing for surface surveys of shallow targets","docAbstract":"The utility of the seismoelectric method relies on the development of methods to extract the signal of interest from background and source-generated coherent noise that may be several orders-of-magnitude stronger. We compare data processing approaches to develop a sequence of preprocessing and signal/noise separation and to quantify the noise level from which we can extract signal events. Our preferred sequence begins with the removal of power line harmonic noise and the use of frequency filters to minimize random and source-generated noise. Mapping to the linear Radon domain with an inverse process incorporating a sparseness constraint provides good separation of signal from noise, though it is ineffective on noise that shows the same dip as the signal. Similarly, the seismoelectric signal and noise do not separate cleanly in the Fourier domain, so f-k filtering can not remove all of the source-generated noise and it also disrupts signal amplitude patterns. We find that prediction-error filters provide the most effective method to separate signal and noise, while also preserving amplitude information, assuming that adequate pattern models can be determined for the signal and noise. These Radon-domain and prediction-error-filter methods successfully separate signal from <33 dB stronger noise in our test data. ?? 2007 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2424542","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Haines, S., Guitton, A., and Biondi, B., 2007, Seismoelectric data processing for surface surveys of shallow targets: Geophysics, v. 72, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2424542.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213684,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2424542"},{"id":241335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8bc9e4b08c986b317a9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, S.S. 0000-0003-2611-8165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":33402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guitton, A.","contributorId":35200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guitton","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biondi, B.","contributorId":36368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biondi","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031688,"text":"70031688 - 2007 - Role of aquifer heterogeneity in fresh groundwater discharge and seawater recycling: An example from the Carmel coast, Israel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T10:15:05","indexId":"70031688","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of aquifer heterogeneity in fresh groundwater discharge and seawater recycling: An example from the Carmel coast, Israel","docAbstract":"A case study is shown in which the pattern of submarine groundwater discharge and of seawater recycling is controlled by local hydrogeological variability. The coastal aquifer in Dor Bay is composed of two units: a partly confined calcaranitic sandstone (Kurkar) and an overlying loose sand. Groundwater in the Kurkar has elevated activities of <sup>222</sup>Rn (∼390 dpm/L) and relatively low <sup>224</sup>Ra/<sup>223</sup>Ra activity ratios (3–4), while the sand groundwater is significantly less radiogenic (6–90 dpm/L) and shows higher <sup>224</sup>Ra/<sup>223</sup>Ra ratios. Groundwater discharging from sand-covered areas of the bay has salinities of 16–31 and an average <sup>222</sup>Rn activity of 168 dpm/L, which lies on a mixing line between Rn-rich Kurkar fresh water and Rn-poor seawater. Another key observation is that seawater infiltrates to some extent into onshore sand groundwater, while the fresh water within the submarine Kurkar can be traced up to 40 m offshore. This implies that while fresh water mainly discharges from the Kurkar unit, seawater recycling is limited to the loose sand, and that the discharge from sand-covered areas is a mixture of Kurkar water with recycled seawater. Advection rates from the bay floor were calculated from Rn time series and found to vary between 0 and 36 cm/d, correlating negatively with bay water depth. The average flux was 8.1 cm/d, and it did not seem to change much during March, May, and July 2006. The average amount of fresh water discharging to the bay was 5.0 m<sup>3</sup>/d per meter of shoreline. Radon activity in the sand groundwater also fluctuates due to influx of Kurkar-type groundwater.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2007JC004112","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Weinstein, Y., Burnett, W.C., Swarzenski, P., Shalem, Y., Yechieli, Y., and Herut, B., 2007, Role of aquifer heterogeneity in fresh groundwater discharge and seawater recycling: An example from the Carmel coast, Israel: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 112, no. C12, C12016; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004112.","productDescription":"C12016; 12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477150,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jc004112","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212394,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004112"},{"id":239871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel","otherGeospatial":"Carmel Coast, Dor Bay","volume":"112","issue":"C12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae3ee4b0c8380cd87058","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weinstein, Y.","contributorId":100186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinstein","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnett, W. C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shalem, Y.","contributorId":84971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shalem","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yechieli, Y.","contributorId":23308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yechieli","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herut, B.","contributorId":101444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herut","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032954,"text":"70032954 - 2007 - Submarine groundwater discharge to Tampa Bay: Nutrient fluxes and biogeochemistry of the coastal aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T13:25:02","indexId":"70032954","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine groundwater discharge to Tampa Bay: Nutrient fluxes and biogeochemistry of the coastal aquifer","docAbstract":"<p>To separately quantify the roles of fresh and saline submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), relative to that of rivers, in transporting nutrients to Tampa Bay, Florida, we used three approaches (Darcy's Law calculations, a watershed water budget, and a <sup>222</sup>Rn mass-balance) to estimate rate of SGD from the Pinellas peninsula. Groundwater samples were collected in 69 locations in the coastal aquifer to examine biogeochemical conditions, nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry, and salinity structure. Salinity structure was also examined using stationary electrical resistivity measurements. The coastal aquifer along the Pinellas peninsula was chemically reducing in all locations sampled, and that condition influences nitrogen (N) form and mobility of N and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>. Concentrations of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> and ratio of dissolved inorganic N (DIN) to PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> were all related to measured oxidation/reduction potential (pε) of the groundwater. Ratio of DIN: PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> was below Redfield ratio in both fresh and saline groundwater. Nitrogen occurred almost exclusively in reduced forms, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), suggesting that anthropogenic N is exported from the watershed in those forms. In comparison to other SGD studies, rate of PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> flux in the seepage zone (μM m<sup>− 2</sup> d<sup>− 1</sup>) in Tampa Bay was higher than previous estimates, likely due to 1) high watershed population density, 2) chemically reducing conditions, and 3) high ion concentrations in fresh groundwater. Estimates of freshwater groundwater flux indicate that the ratio of groundwater discharge to stream flow is ∼ 20 to 50%, and that the magnitudes of both the total dissolved nitrogen and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> loads due to fresh SGD are ∼ 40 to 100% of loads carried by streams. Estimates of SGD based on radon inventories in near-shore waters were 2 to 5 times greater than the estimates of freshwater groundwater discharge, suggesting that brackish and saline SGD is also an important process in Tampa Bay and results in flux of regenerated N and P from sediment to surface water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2006.10.012","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Kroeger, K.D., Swarzenski, P.W., Greenwood, J., and Reich, C., 2007, Submarine groundwater discharge to Tampa Bay: Nutrient fluxes and biogeochemistry of the coastal aquifer: Marine Chemistry, v. 104, no. 1-2, p. 85-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2006.10.012.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"97","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1598","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.07449340820312,\n              27.281484559967133\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.02941894531249,\n              27.281484559967133\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.02941894531249,\n              28.32493342862181\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.07449340820312,\n              28.32493342862181\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.07449340820312,\n              27.281484559967133\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d28e4b08c986b31d68d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kroeger, Kevin D. 0000-0002-4272-2349 kkroeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2349","contributorId":1603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"Kevin","email":"kkroeger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":41100,"text":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenwood, Jason","contributorId":49610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reich, Christopher","contributorId":12942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033344,"text":"70033344 - 2007 - Temporal variability of submarine groundwater discharge: Assessments via radon and seep meters, the southern carmel coast, Israel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033344","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Temporal variability of submarine groundwater discharge: Assessments via radon and seep meters, the southern carmel coast, Israel","docAbstract":"Seep meter data from Dor Bay, Israel, showed a steady decrease in submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) rates between March and July 2006 (averages of 34, 10.4 and 1.5 cm d-1 in March, May and July, respectively), while estimates based on radon time series showed remarkably uniform averages (8 cm d-1). The May seep meter data show a rough positive correlation with sea level, unlike the negative correlation shown by the Rn-calculated rates. Smaller-size meters, deployed in July adjacent to the regular-size ones, showed significantly higher rates (10 cm d-1), which negatively correlated with salinity. It is suggested that the decreased rates documented by the seep meters are the result of an increased shallow seawater recharge in the bay (due to decreasing hydraulic gradients). This is not captured by the radon, since recharging water is radon-poor. The positive correlation of discharge with sea level is due to increased seawater recycling in times of high sea stand. Copyright ?? 2007 IAHS Press.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium: A New Focus on Groundwater - Seawater Interactions - 24th General Assembly of the In","conferenceDate":"2 July 2007 through 13 July 2007","conferenceLocation":"Perugia","language":"English","issn":"01447","isbn":"9781901502046","usgsCitation":"Weinstein, Y., Shalem, Y., Burnett, W.C., Swarzenski, P., and Herut, B., 2007, Temporal variability of submarine groundwater discharge: Assessments via radon and seep meters, the southern carmel coast, Israel, <i>in</i> IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 312, Perugia, 2 July 2007 through 13 July 2007, p. 125-133.","startPage":"125","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"312","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba524e4b08c986b320836","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weinstein, Y.","contributorId":100186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinstein","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shalem, Y.","contributorId":84971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shalem","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burnett, W. C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herut, B.","contributorId":101444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herut","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030747,"text":"70030747 - 2007 - A stream sediment geochemical survey of the Ganga River headwaters in the Garhwal Himalaya","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T18:06:03.592063","indexId":"70030747","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1754,"text":"Geochemical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A stream sediment geochemical survey of the Ganga River headwaters in the Garhwal Himalaya","docAbstract":"<p>This study models geochemical and adjunct geologic data to define provinces that are favorable for radioactive-mineral exploration. A multi-element bed-sediment geochemical survey of streams was carried out in the headwaters region of the Ganga River in northern India. Overall median values for uranium and thorium (3.6 and 13.8 ppm; maxima of 4.8 and 19.0 ppm and minima of 3.1 and 12.3 ppm respectively) exceed average upper crustal abundances (2.8 and 10.7 ppm) for these radioactive elements. Anomalously high values reach up to 8.3 and 30.1 ppm in thrust zone rocks, and 11.4 and 22.5 ppm in porphyroids. At their maxima, these abundances are nearly four- and three-fold (respectively) enriched in comparison to average crustal abundances for these rock types. Deformed, metamorphosed and sheared rocks are characteristic of the main central thrust zone (MCTZ). These intensively mylonitized rocks override and juxtapose porphyritic (PH) and proterozoic metasedimentary rock sequences (PMS) to the south. Granitoid rocks, the major protoliths for mylonites, as well as metamorphosed rocks in the MCT zone are naturally enriched in radioelements; high values associated with sheared and mylonitized zones are coincident with reports of radioelement mineralization and with anomalous radon concentrations in soils. The radioelement abundance as well as REE abundance shows a northward enrichment trend consistent with increasing grade of metamorphism indicating deformation-induced remobilization of these elements. U and Th illustrate good correlation with REEs but not with Zr. This implies that zircon is not a principal carrier of U and Th within the granitoid-dominant thrust zone and that other radioelement-rich secondary minerals are present in considerable amounts. Thus, the relatively flat, less fractionated, HREE trend is also not entirely controlled by zircon. The spatial correlation of geologic boundary zones (faults, sheared zones) with geochemical and with geophysical (Rn) anomalies infers ore mineralization by hydrothermal processes generated during multiple episodes of deformation and thrusting. The geologic setting of the anomalies also suggests that crystalline rocks (MCT Zone) along the nearly 2500 km length of the LesserHimalayan belt, where in the vicinity of thrust and fault zones, have potential for radioelement mineralization. Zones of higher concentrations of radioelements delineated by this study and locations of anomalous radon discharge determined by other investigations may indicate a potential health hazard over the long term. However, the low human population density precludes direct manifestation of health effects attributable to chronic exposure to these radioelements; however, the magnitude of natural concentrations suggests the need for more detailed studies and monitoring.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geochemical Society of Japan","doi":"10.2343/geochemj.41.83","usgsCitation":"Mukherjee, P., Purohit, K., Saini, N., Khanna, P., Rathi, M., and Grosz, A.E., 2007, A stream sediment geochemical survey of the Ganga River headwaters in the Garhwal Himalaya: Geochemical Journal, v. 41, no. 2, p. 83-95, https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.41.83.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"95","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489062,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.41.83","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              78.387451171875,\n              30.52204730013766\n            ],\n            [\n              79.1070556640625,\n              30.52204730013766\n            ],\n            [\n              79.1070556640625,\n              30.885726447651578\n            ],\n            [\n              78.387451171875,\n              30.885726447651578\n            ],\n            [\n              78.387451171875,\n              30.52204730013766\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5b6e4b0c8380cd46f29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mukherjee, P.K.","contributorId":94098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukherjee","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Purohit, K.K.","contributorId":7084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purohit","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saini, N.K.","contributorId":15826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saini","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Khanna, P.P.","contributorId":46761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanna","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rathi, M.S.","contributorId":100193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathi","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grosz, A. E.","contributorId":87925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030326,"text":"70030326 - 2007 - Remaining uncertainties in the use of Rn-222 as a quantitative tracer of submarine groundwater discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030326","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Remaining uncertainties in the use of Rn-222 as a quantitative tracer of submarine groundwater discharge","docAbstract":"Research performed in many locations over the past decade has shown that radon is an effective tracer for quantifying submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). The technique works because both fresh and saline groundwaters acquire radon from the subterranean environment and display activities that are typically orders of magnitude greater than those found in coastal seawaters. However, some uncertainties and unanswered problems remain. We focus here on three components of the mass balance, each of which has some unresolved issues: (1) End-member radon - what to do if groundwater Rn measurements are highly variable? (2) Atmospheric evasion -do the standard gas exchange equations work under high-energy coastal mixing scenarios? And (3) \"mixing\" losses - are there other significant radon losses (e.g. recharge of coastal waters into the aquifer) besides those attributed to mixing with lower-activity waters offshore? We address these issues using data sets collected from several different types of coastal environment. Copyright ?? 2007 IAHS Press.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium: A New Focus on Groundwater - Seawater Interactions - 24th General Assembly of the In","conferenceDate":"2 July 2007 through 13 July 2007","conferenceLocation":"Perugia","language":"English","issn":"01447","isbn":"9781901502046","usgsCitation":"Burnett, W.C., Santos, I., Weinstein, Y., Swarzenski, P., and Herut, B., 2007, Remaining uncertainties in the use of Rn-222 as a quantitative tracer of submarine groundwater discharge, <i>in</i> IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 312, Perugia, 2 July 2007 through 13 July 2007, p. 109-118.","startPage":"109","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"312","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6c2e4b0c8380cd85033","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burnett, W. C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santos, I.R.","contributorId":94499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santos","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weinstein, Y.","contributorId":100186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinstein","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herut, B.","contributorId":101444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herut","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70206076,"text":"70206076 - 2006 - Radon-222 occurrence in ground water in New Jersey, with emphasis on the Highlands Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T10:31:27","indexId":"70206076","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T10:27:23","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Radon-222 occurrence in ground water in New Jersey, with emphasis on the Highlands Province","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental geology of the Highlands: Field guide and proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"23rd Annual Geological Association of New Jersey Conference and Field Trip","conferenceDate":"October 13-14, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Mahwah, NJ","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Association of New 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,{"id":79324,"text":"sir20065104 - 2006 - Factors affecting occurrence and distribution of selected contaminants in ground water from selected areas in the Piedmont Aquifer System, Eastern United States, 1993-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T16:41:32","indexId":"sir20065104","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5104","title":"Factors affecting occurrence and distribution of selected contaminants in ground water from selected areas in the Piedmont Aquifer System, Eastern United States, 1993-2003","docAbstract":"<p>Results of ground-water sampling from 255 wells and 19 springs in 11 studies done by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program within the Piedmont Aquifer System (PAS) were analyzed to determine the factors affecting occurrence and distribution of selected contaminants. The contaminants, which were selected on the basis of potential human-health effects, included nitrate, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and radon.</p><p>The PAS was subdivided on the basis of the general rock type of the aquifers into three areas for the study—crystalline, carbonate, and siliciclastic. The 11 studies were designed to areally represent an individual aquifer rock type and overall are representative of the PAS in their distribution; 7 studies are in the crystalline-rock aquifers, 3 studies are in the siliciclasticrock aquifers, and 1 study is in the carbonate-rock aquifers. Four of the studies were focused on land use, 1 in an agricultural area and 3 in urban areas. The remaining studies had wells representing a range of land-use types.</p><p>Analysis of results of nitrate sampling indicated that in 8 of the 10 areas where nitrate concentrations were measured, median concentrations of nitrate were below 3 mg/L (milligrams per liter); 2 of the 10 areas had statistically significant higher median concentrations when compared to the other 8 areas. The agricultural land-use study in the carbonate-rock aquifer in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin had the highest median nitrate concentration (11 mg/L), and 60 percent of the wells sampled exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 mg/L. The major aquifer study in the crystalline-rock aquifer of the Lower Susquehanna River Basin Study Unit had the second-highest median nitrate concentration. Nitrate concentrations were positively correlated to the percentage of agricultural land use around the well, the total input of nitrogen from all sources, dissolved oxygen concentration, lithology, depth to water, and soil-matrix characteristics. A linear regression model was used to determine that increases in the percentage of agricultural land use, the input of nitrogen from all sources, and dissolved oxygen were the most significant variables affecting increased concentration of nitrate. A logistic regression model was used to determine that those same factors were the most significant variables affecting whether or not the nitrate concentration would exceed 4 mg/L.</p><p>Of the analysis of samples from 253 wells and 19 springs for 47 pesticides, no sample had a pesticide concentration that exceeded any USEPA MCL. The most frequently detected pesticide was desethyl atrazine, a degradation product of atrazine; the detection frequency was 47 percent. Other frequently detected pesticides included atrazine, metolachlor, simazine, alachlor, prometon, and dieldrin. Detection frequency was affected by the analytical reporting limits; the frequency of detection was somewhat lower when all pesticides were censored to the highest common detection limit. Source factors such as agricultural land use (for agricultural herbicides), urban land use (for insecticides), and the application rate were found to have positive statistical correlations with pesticide concentration. Transport factors such as depth to water and percentage of well-drained soils, sand, or silt typically were positively correlated with higher pesticide concentrations.</p><p>Sampling for VOCs was conducted in 187 wells and 19 springs that were sampled for 59 VOCs. There were 137 detections of VOCs above the common censoring limit of 0.2 µg/L. The most frequently detected VOCs were chloroform, a trihalomethane, and methyl-tert butyl ether (MTBE), a fuel oxygenate. Seventy-nine wells had at least one VOC detected. The detections were related to land use and well depth. Kendall’s tau correlations indicated a significant positive correlation between chloroform concentration and urban land use, leaking underground storage tanks, population density, and well depth. MTBE concentrations also were positively correlated to urban land use, leaking underground storage tanks, population density, and well depth.</p><p>Radon was sampled at 205 sites. The subdivisions used for analysis of other contaminants were not adequate for analysis of radon because radon varies on the basis of variations in mineralogy that are not reflected by the general lithologic categories used for the rest of the studies. Concentrations of radon were highest in areas where the crystalline-rock aquifers had felsic mineralogy, and the lowest concentrations of radon were in areas where the crystalline-rocks aquifer had mafic mineralogy. Water from wells in siliciclastic-rock aquifers had concentrations of radon lower than that in the felsic crystalline-rock aquifers. More than 90 percent of the wells sampled for radon exceeded the proposed MCL of 300 pCi/L (picoCuries per liter); however, only 13 percent of those wells had concentrations in water that exceeded the alternative maximum contaminant level (AMCL), a higher level that can be used by municipalities addressing other sources of radon exposure.</p><p>Overall, concentrations of constituents were related to land-use factors for nitrate, pesticides, VOCs, and to aquifer lithology for radon. None of the 47 pesticides or 59 VOCs analyzed exceeded the MCLs where those constituents were sampled. Concentrations exceeded the MCL for nitrate in 11 percent of the wells sampled. Nearly 91 percent of the wells sampled exceeded the proposed MCL for radon. Additional sampling in selected areas would improve overall understanding of the PAS and increase the possibility of creating predictive models of ground-water quality in this area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065104","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, B., Falls, W.F., Ferrari, M., Zimmerman, T.M., Harned, D.A., Sadorf, E.M., and Chapman, M.J., 2006, Factors affecting occurrence and distribution of selected contaminants in ground water from selected areas in the Piedmont Aquifer System, Eastern United States, 1993-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5104, x, 72 p.; 28 figs.; 22 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065104.","productDescription":"x, 72 p.; 28 figs.; 22 tables","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8812,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Piedmont Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.4072265625,32.47269502206151],[-87.802734375,32.10118973232094],[-85.517578125,31.952162238024975],[-83.1005859375,32.54681317351514],[-82.2216796875,32.91648534731439],[-81.298828125,33.46810795527896],[-80.68359375,33.8339199536547],[-80.244140625,34.379712580462204],[-78.134765625,35.06597313798418],[-77.7392578125,35.85343961959182],[-78.22265625,36.63316209558658],[-77.7392578125,37.579412513438385],[-75.76171875,39.842286020743394],[-73.916015625,40.81380923056958],[-74.44335937499999,41.47566020027821],[-75.7177734375,40.97989806962013],[-78.046875,39.470125122358176],[-78.57421875,38.92522904714054],[-79.2333984375,38.13455657705411],[-80.1123046875,37.26530995561875],[-80.8154296875,36.4566360115962],[-81.5625,35.60371874069731],[-81.6064453125,35.137879119634185],[-82.9248046875,34.379712580462204],[-83.3642578125,34.34343606848294],[-84.1552734375,34.125447565116126],[-85.4296875,33.7243396617476],[-86.66015624999999,33.137551192346145],[-87.4072265625,32.47269502206151]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8860","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falls, W. Fred 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":2562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrari, Matthew J.","contributorId":67082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrari","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmerman, Tammy M. 0000-0003-0842-6981 tmzimmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-6981","contributorId":2359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Tammy","email":"tmzimmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harned, Douglas A. daharned@usgs.gov","contributorId":1295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"Douglas","email":"daharned@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sadorf, Eric M. emsadorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadorf","given":"Eric","email":"emsadorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chapman, Melinda J. 0000-0003-4021-0320 mjchap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-0320","contributorId":1597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Melinda","email":"mjchap@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":79272,"text":"sir20065198 - 2006 - Hydrogeology, Aquifer Geochemistry, and Ground-Water Quality in Morgan County, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20065198","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5198","title":"Hydrogeology, Aquifer Geochemistry, and Ground-Water Quality in Morgan County, West Virginia","docAbstract":"Private and public wells throughout Morgan County, W. Va., were tested to determine aquifer hydraulic, geochemical, and water-quality characteristics. The entire study area is located in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province, a region of complex geologic structure and lithology. Aquifers in the study area are characterized by thin to thick bedded formations with interbedding among the various limestones, shales, sandstones, and siltstones that are folded into a series of steeply dipping north-south trending anticlines and synclines. Zones of ground-water production typically consist of one to two fracture sets, with little to no production from unfractured bedrock matrix. Measurements of transmissivity range from 2 to 1,490 feet squared per day, with the larger transmissivities occurring near bedding contacts and in zones with cross-faulting or jointing. Ground water flows from recharge areas in the uplands to local drainages and to deeper flow systems that appear to be controlled by regional geologic structure. The overall flow direction is from south to north within the study area.\r\n\r\nGround water within the study area is predominantly a calcium-bicarbonate type water reflecting contact with carbonate rocks. Sodium-bicarbonate and calcium-magnesium-sulfate end-members also exist, with many samples exhibiting mixing, which may be the result of flow between the differing rock types or within units containing both carbonate rocks and shales. Values of water-quality characteristics that were greater than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards included radon-222, pH, turbidity, iron, manganese, aluminum, and total- and fecal-coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. Concentrations of radon-222 were detected in all samples from all units, with the largest concentrations (1,330 and 2,170 picocuries per liter) from the Clinton Formation.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065198","usgsCitation":"Boughton, C.J., and McCoy, K.J., 2006, Hydrogeology, Aquifer Geochemistry, and Ground-Water Quality in Morgan County, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5198, vi, 56 p.; 22 figs.; 1 table, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065198.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.; 22 figs.; 1 table","numberOfPages":"62","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8752,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boughton, Carol J.","contributorId":27429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boughton","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCoy, Kurt J. 0000-0002-9756-8238 kjmccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9756-8238","contributorId":1391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"Kurt","email":"kjmccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":76901,"text":"ofr20061161 - 2006 - Ground-Water Quality in the Upper Susquehanna River Basin, New York, 2004-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"ofr20061161","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1161","title":"Ground-Water Quality in the Upper Susquehanna River Basin, New York, 2004-05","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from 20 production wells and 13 private residential wells throughout the upper Susquehanna River Basin (upstream from the Pennsylvania border) during the fall of 2004 and the spring of 2005 and analyzed to describe the chemical quality of ground water in the upper basin. Wells were selected to represent areas of greatest ground-water use and highest vulnerability to contamination, and to provide a representative sampling from the entire (4,516 square-mile) upper basin. Samples were analyzed for physical properties, nutrients, inorganic constituents, metals, radionuclides, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and bacteria.\r\n\r\nThe cations that were detected in the highest concentrations were calcium, magnesium, and sodium; the anions that were detected in the greatest concentrations were bicarbonate, chloride, and sulfate. The predominant nutrient was nitrate, the concentrations of which were greater in samples from sand and gravel aquifers than in samples from bedrock. The metals barium, boron, cobalt, copper, and nickel were detected in every sample; the metals with the highest concentrations were barium, boron, iron, manganese, strontium, and lithium. The pesticide compounds detected most frequently were atrazine, deethylatrazine, alachlor ESA, and two degradation products of metolachlor (metolachlor ESA and metolachlor OA); the compounds detected in highest concentration were metolachlor ESA and OA. Volatile organic compounds were detected in 11 samples, and concentrations of 3 of these compounds exceeded 1 microgram per liter (?g/L). Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a gasollline additive, was not detected in any sample.\r\n\r\nSeveral analytes were found in concentrations that exceeded Federal and New York State water-quality standards, which are typically identical. Chloride concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) of 250 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in two samples, and sulfate concentrations exceeded the SMCL of 250 mg/L in one sample. Sodium concentrations exceeded the USEPA Drinking Water Advisory of 60 mg/L in six samples. Nitrate concentrations exceeded the USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 mg/L in one sample and approached this limit (at 9.84 mg/L) in another sample. Barium concentrations exceeded the MCL of 2,000 ?g/L in one sample. Iron concentrations exceeded the SMCL of 300 ?g/L in five samples, and manganese concentrations exceeded the SMCL of 50 ?g/L in 14 samples. Arsenic was detected in seven samples, and the MCL for arsenic (10 ?g/L) was exceeded in two samples. Radon-222 exceeded the proposed MCL of 300 picocuries per liter in 24 samples. Any detection of total coliform or fecal coliform bacteria is considered a violation of New York State health regulations; in this study, total coliform was detected in six samples and fecal coliform was detected in one sample, but Escherichia coli (E. coli) was not detected in any sample.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Hetcher-Aguila, K.K., and Eckhardt, D., 2006, Ground-Water Quality in the Upper Susquehanna River Basin, New York, 2004-05: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1161, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061161.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10676,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1161/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77,41.75 ], [ -77,43.25 ], [ -74.25,43.25 ], [ -74.25,41.75 ], [ -77,41.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6887d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hetcher-Aguila, Kari K.","contributorId":92753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hetcher-Aguila","given":"Kari","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eckhardt, David A.V.","contributorId":80233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhardt","given":"David A.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":76781,"text":"ofr20061088 - 2006 - Ground-water quality in the Lake Champlain basin, New York, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"ofr20061088","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1088","title":"Ground-water quality in the Lake Champlain basin, New York, 2004","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from 11 public-supply wells and 11 private domestic wells in the Lake Champlain basin in New York during the fall of 2004 to characterize the chemical quality of ground water. Wells were selected for sampling based on location and focused on areas of greatest ground-water use. Samples were analyzed for 219 physical properties and constituents, including inorganic compounds, nutrients, metals, radionuclides, pesticides and pesticide degradates, volatile organic compounds, and bacteria. \r\n\r\nSixty-eight constituents were detected at concentrations above laboratory reporting levels. The cation and anion with the highest median concentration were calcium (34.8 mg/L) bicarbonate (134 mg/L), respectively. The predominant nutrient was nitrate, which was detected in 14 (64 percent) of the 22 samples. The two metals with the highest median concentrations were iron (175 ?g/L) and strontium (124 ?g/L); concentrations of iron, manganese, aluminum, and zinc exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary drinking-water standards in one or more samples. Radon concentrations were less than 1,000 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) in most samples, but concentrations as high as 6,900 pCi/L were detected and, in eight samples, exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposed maximum contaminant level (300 pCi/L) for radon. The most frequently detected pesticides were degradates of the broadleaf herbicides metolachlor, alachlor, and atrazine. Volatile organic compounds were detected in only three samples; those that were detected typically were fuel oxygenates, such as methyl tert-butyl ether. Coliform bacteria were detected in four samples, two of which also tested positive for E. coli. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061088","usgsCitation":"Nystrom, E.A., 2006, Ground-water quality in the Lake Champlain basin, New York, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1088, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061088.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8494,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6671f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nystrom, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-0886-3439 nystrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-3439","contributorId":1072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"nystrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":76749,"text":"sir20055084 - 2006 - Physical and hydrochemical evidence of lake leakage near Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam and of ground-water inflow to Lake Seminole, and an assessment of karst features in and near the lake, southwestern Georgia and northwestern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T22:26:29.752709","indexId":"sir20055084","displayToPublicDate":"2006-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5084","title":"Physical and hydrochemical evidence of lake leakage near Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam and of ground-water inflow to Lake Seminole, and an assessment of karst features in and near the lake, southwestern Georgia and northwestern Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrogeologic data and water-chemistry analyses indicate that Lake Seminole leaks into the Upper Floridan aquifer near Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam, southwestern Georgia and northwestern Florida, and that ground water enters Lake Seminole along upstream reaches of the lake’s four impoundment arms (Chattahoochee and Flint Rivers, Spring Creek, and Fishpond Drain). Written accounts by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers geologists during dam construction in the late 1940s and early 1950s, and construction-era photographs, document karst-solution features in the limestone that comprise the lake bottom and foundation rock to the dam, and confirm the hydraulic connection of the lake and aquifer. More than 250 karst features having the potential to connect the lake and aquifer were identified from preimpoundment aerial photographs taken during construction. An interactive map containing a photomosaic of 53&nbsp;photographic negatives was orthorectfied to digital images of 1:24,000-scale topographic maps to aid in identifying karst features that function or have the potential to function as locations of water exchange between Lake Seminole and the Upper Floridan aquifer. Some identified karst features coincide with locations of mapped springs, spring runs, and depressions that are consistent with sinkholes and sinkhole ponds.</p><p>Hydrographic surveys using a multibeam echosounder (sonar) with sidescan sonar identified sinkholes in the lake bottom along the western lakeshore and in front of the dam. Dye-tracing experiments indicate that lake water enters these sinkholes and is transported through the Upper Floridan aquifer around the west side of the dam at velocities of about 500 feet per hour to locations where water \"boils up\" on land (at Polk Lake Spring) and in the channel bottom of the Apalachicola River (at the \"River Boil\"). Water discharging from Polk Lake Spring joins flow from a spring-fed ground-water discharge zone located downstream of the dam; the combined flow disappears into a sinkhole located on the western floodplain of the river and is transmitted through the Upper Floridan aquifer, eventually discharging to the Apalachicola River at the River Boil. Acoustic Doppler current profiling yielded flow estimates from the River Boil in the range from about 140 to 220 cubic feet per second, which represents from about 1 to 3 percent of the average daily flow in the river. Binary mixing-model analysis using naturally occurring isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen (oxygen-18 and deuterium) indicates that discharge from the River Boil consists of a 13-to-1 ratio of lake water to ground water and that other sources of lake leakage and discharge to the boil probably exist.</p><p>Analyses of major ions, nutrients, radon-222, and stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen contained in water samples collected from 29 wells, 7 lake locations, and 5 springs in the Lake Seminole area during 2000 indicate distinct chemical signatures for ground water and surface water. Ground-water samples contained higher concentrations of calcium and magnesium, and higher alkalinity and specific conductance than surface-water samples, which contained relatively high concentrations of total organic carbon and sulfate. Solute and isotopic tracers indicate that, from May to October 2000, springflow exhibited more ground-water qualities (high specific conductance, low dissolved oxygen, and low temperature) than surface water; however, the ratio of ground water to surface water of the springs was difficult to quantify from November to April because of reduced springflow and rapid mixing of springflow and lake water during sampling. The saturation index of calcite in surface-water samples indicates that while surface water is predominately undersaturated with regard to calcite year-round, a higher potential for dissolution of the limestone matrix exists from late fall through early spring than during summer.</p><p>The relatively short residence time (5–7 hours) and rapid flow velocity (nearly 500 feet per hour) of lake water leaking into the Upper Floridan aquifer and exiting at the River Boil in the Apalachicola River implies that calcite-undersaturated water is in constant contact with the limestone, increasing the potential for limestone dissolution and enlargement of flow pathways by erosion. A relatively low potential exists, however, for limestone dissolution to cause sudden sinkhole collapse followed by catastrophic lake drainage because ground-water levels close to the lake, except near the dam, are nearly the same as lake stage, resulting in low vertical and lateral hydraulic gradients and low flow between the lake and aquifer. An increased potential for lake leakage and sinkhole formation and collapse exists near some in-lake springs during colder months of the year, as density differences and the hydraulic potential between lake water and ground water establish the conditions for calcite-undersaturated lake water to enter nonflowing springs and contact limestone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055084","usgsCitation":"Torak, L.J., Crilley, D.M., and Painter, J.A., 2006, Physical and hydrochemical evidence of lake leakage near Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam and of ground-water inflow to Lake Seminole, and an assessment of karst features in and near the lake, southwestern Georgia and northwestern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5084, ix, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055084.","productDescription":"ix, 80 p.","numberOfPages":"89","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7871,"rank":1000,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://ga.water.usgs.gov/download/lakeseminole/lakeseminole.zip"},{"id":7870,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5084/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394633,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76596.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Jim Woodruff lock and dam, Lake Seminole","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85,\n              30.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.5,\n              30.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.5,\n              31\n            ],\n            [\n              -85,\n              31\n            ],\n            [\n              -85,\n              30.6667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torak, Lynn J. ljtorak@usgs.gov","contributorId":401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torak","given":"Lynn","email":"ljtorak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crilley, Dianna M. 0000-0003-0432-5948 dcrilley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0432-5948","contributorId":3896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crilley","given":"Dianna","email":"dcrilley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":76669,"text":"sir20065027 - 2006 - Water resources of Carbon County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T15:59:12","indexId":"sir20065027","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5027","title":"Water resources of Carbon County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Carbon County is located in the south-central part of Wyoming and is the third largest county in the State. A study to describe the physical and chemical characteristics of surface-water and ground-water resources in Carbon County was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer's Office. Evaluations of streamflow and stream-water quality were limited to analyses of historical data and descriptions of previous investigations. Surface-water data were not collected as part of the study. Forty-five ground-water-quality samples were collected as part of the study and the results from an additional 618 historical ground-water-quality samples were reviewed. Available hydrogeologic characteristics for various aquifers in hydrogeologic units throughout the county also are described.\r\n\r\nFlow characteristics of streams in Carbon County vary substantially depending on regional and local basin char-acteristics and anthropogenic factors. Precipitation in the county is variable with high mountainous areas receiving several times the annual precipitation of basin lowland areas. For this reason, streams with headwaters in mountainous areas generally are perennial, whereas most streams in the county with headwaters in basin lowland areas are ephemeral, flowing only as a result of regional or local rainfall or snowmelt runoff. Flow characteristics of most perennial streams are altered substantially by diversions and regulation.\r\n\r\nWater-quality characteristics of selected streams in and near Carbon County during water years 1966 through 1986 varied. Concentrations of dissolved constituents and suspended sediment were smallest at sites on streams with headwaters in mountainous areas because of resistant geologic units, large diluting streamflows, and increased vegetative cover compared to sites on streams with headwaters in basin lowlands.\r\n\r\nBoth water-table and artesian conditions occur in aquifers within the county. Shallow ground water is available throughout the county, although much of it is only marginally suitable or is unsuitable for domestic and irrigation uses mainly because of high total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations. Suitable ground water for livestock use is available in most areas of the county. Ground-water quality tends to deteriorate with increasing distance from recharge areas and with increasing depth below land surface. Ground water from depths greater than a few thousand feet tends to have TDS concentrations that make it moderately saline to briny. In some areas, even shallow ground water is moderately saline. Specific constituents in parts of some aquifers in the county occur in relatively high concentrations when compared to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards; for example, relatively high concentrations of sulfate, chloride, fluoride, boron, iron, manganese, and radon were found in several aquifers.\r\n\r\nThe estimated mean daily water use in Carbon County in 2000 was about 320 million gallons per day. Water used for irrigation accounted for about 98 percent of this total. About 98 percent of the total water used was supplied by surface water and about 2 percent by ground water. Excluding irrigation, ground water comprised about 78 percent of total water use in Carbon County. Although ground water is used to a much lesser extent than surface water, in many areas of the county it is the only available water source.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065027","usgsCitation":"Bartos, T.T., Hallberg, L.L., Mason, J., Norris, J.R., and Miller, K.A., 2006, Water resources of Carbon County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5027, ix, 191 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065027.","productDescription":"ix, 191 p.","numberOfPages":"200","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":7720,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108,41 ], [ -108,42.833333333333336 ], [ -106,42.833333333333336 ], [ -106,41 ], [ -108,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2bd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartos, Timothy T. 0000-0003-1803-4375 ttbartos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-4375","contributorId":1826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartos","given":"Timothy","email":"ttbartos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallberg, Laura L. 0000-0001-9983-8003 lhallber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-8003","contributorId":1825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallberg","given":"Laura","email":"lhallber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mason, Jon P.","contributorId":26758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"Jon P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norris, Jodi R.","contributorId":43746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Jodi","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Kirk A. 0000-0002-8141-2001 kmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-2001","contributorId":3959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kirk","email":"kmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":75493,"text":"ds150 - 2006 - Ground-water-quality data in Pennsylvania: A compilation of computerized [electronic] databases, 1979-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T17:46:30","indexId":"ds150","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"150","title":"Ground-water-quality data in Pennsylvania: A compilation of computerized [electronic] databases, 1979-2004","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study, by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP), provides a compilation of ground-water-quality data for a 25-year period (January 1, 1979, through August 11, 2004) based on water samples from wells. The data are from eight source agencies唯orough of Carroll Valley, Chester County Health Department, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection-Ambient and Fixed Station Network, Montgomery County Health Department, Pennsylvania Drinking Water Information System, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Susquehanna River Basin Commission, and the U.S. Geological Survey. The ground-water-quality data from the different source agencies varied in type and number of analyses; however, the analyses are represented by 12 major analyte groups:biological (bacteria and viruses), fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, major ions, minor ions (including trace elements), nutrients (dominantly nitrate and nitrite as nitrogen), pesticides, radiochemicals (dominantly radon or radium), volatile organic compounds, wastewater compounds, and water characteristics (dominantly field pH, field specific conductance, and hardness).</span><br><br><span>A summary map shows the areal distribution of wells with ground-water-quality data statewide and by major watersheds and source agency. Maps of 35 watersheds within Pennsylvania are used to display the areal distribution of water-quality information. Additional maps emphasize the areal distribution with respect to 13 major geolithologic units in Pennsylvania and concentration ranges of nitrate (as nitrogen). Summary data tables by source agency provide information on the number of wells and samples collected for each of the 35 watersheds and analyte groups.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><br><br><span>The number of wells sampled for ground-water-quality data varies considerably across Pennsylvania. Of the 8,012 wells sampled, the greatest concentration of wells are in the southeast (Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lancaster, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties), in the vicinity of Pittsburgh, and in the northwest (Erie County). The number of wells sampled is relatively sparse in south-central (Adams, Cambria, Cumberland, and Franklin Counties), central (Centre, Indiana, and Snyder Counties), and north-central (Bradford, Potter, and Tioga Counties) Pennsylvania. Little to no data are available for approximately one-third of the state. Water characteristics and nutrients were the most frequently sampled major analyte groups; approximately 21,000 samples were collected for each group. Major and minor ions were the next most-frequently sampled major analyte groups; approximately 17,000 and 12,000 samples were collected, respectively. For the remaining eight major analyte groups, the number of samples collected ranged from a low of 307 samples (wastewater compounds) to a high of approximately 3,000 samples (biological).</span><br><br><span>The number of samples that exceeded a maximum contaminant level (MCL) or secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL) by major analyte group also varied. Of the 2,988 samples in the biological analyte group, 53 percent had water that exceeded an MCL. Almost 2,500 samples were collected and analyzed for volatile organic compounds; 14 percent exceeded an MCL. Other major analyte groups that frequently exceeded MCLs or SMCLs included major ions (17,465 samples and a 33.9 percent exceedence), minor ions (11,905 samples and a 17.1 percent exceedence), and water characteristics (21,183 samples and a 20.3 percent exceedence). Samples collected and analyzed for fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, and pesticides (4,062 samples), radiochemicals (1,628 samples), wastewater compounds (307 samples), and nutrients (20,822 samples) had the lowest exceedences of 0.3, 8.4, 0.0, and 8.8 percent, respectively.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Low, D.J., and Chichester, D.C., 2006, Ground-water-quality data in Pennsylvania: A compilation of computerized [electronic] databases, 1979-2004 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 150, vi, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds150.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science 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,{"id":70028262,"text":"70028262 - 2006 - The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:16:21","indexId":"70028262","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Existing water quality data collected from domestic wells were summarized to develop the first national‐scale retrospective of self‐supplied drinking water sources. The contaminants evaluated represent a range of inorganic and organic compounds, and although the data set was not originally designed to be a statistical representation of national occurrence, it encompasses large parts of the United States including at least some wells sampled in every state and Puerto Rico. Inorganic contaminants were detected in many of the wells, and concentrations exceeded the U.S. EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs; federal drinking water standards used to regulate public drinking water quality) more often than organic contaminants. Of the inorganic constituents evaluated, arsenic concentrations exceeded the MCL (10 μg/L) in ∼11% of the 7580 wells evaluated, nitrate exceeded the MCL (10 mg/L) in ∼8% of the 3465 wells evaluated, uranium‐238 exceeded the MCL (30 μg/L) in ∼4% of the wells, and radon‐222 exceeded 300 and 4000 pCi/L (potential drinking water standards currently under review by the U.S. EPA) in ∼75% and 9% of the wells, respectively. The MCLs for total mercury and fluoride were each exceeded in &lt;1% of the wells evaluated. The MCL was exceeded in &lt;1% of all wells for all anthropogenically derived organic contaminants evaluated and was not exceeded for many contaminants. In addition, 10 contaminants evaluated do not currently have an MCL. Atrazine, however, was detected in 24% of the wells evaluated and was the most frequently detected organic contaminant of the 28 organic contaminants evaluated in this study. Simazine and metolachlor each were detected in ∼9% of all wells and tied for second in frequency of detection for organic contaminants. The third and fourth most frequently detected organic contaminants were methyl<span>&nbsp;</span><i>tert</i>‐butyl ether (MTBE) (6%) and chloroform (5%), respectively. Because the water quality of domestic wells is not federally regulated or nationally monitored, this study provides a unique, previously nonexistent, perspective on the quality of the self‐supplied drinking water resources used by ∼45 million Americans in the United States.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M.J., Tipton, D., Shapiro, S.D., and Geiger, L.H., 2006, The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 26, no. 3, p. 92-104, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210267,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x"},{"id":237136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa2ce4b08c986b322744","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tipton, D.","contributorId":58453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tipton","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, Stephanie Dunkle","contributorId":82738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"Dunkle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geiger, Linda H.","contributorId":91113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiger","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":77640,"text":"sir20055276 - 2005 - Surface gamma-ray survey of the Barre West quadrangle, Washington and Orange Counties, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:00","indexId":"sir20055276","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5276","title":"Surface gamma-ray survey of the Barre West quadrangle, Washington and Orange Counties, Vermont","docAbstract":"This study was designed to determine the levels of naturally occurring radioactivity in bedrock from surface measurements at outcrops during the course of 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping and to determine which rock types were potential sources of radionuclides.\r\n\r\nElevated levels of total alpha particle radiation (gross alpha) occur in a public water system in Montpelier, Vermont. Measured gross alpha levels in the Murray Hill water system (Vermont Dept. of Environmental Conservation, unpub. data, 2005) have exceeded the maximum contaminant level of 15 picocuries per liter (pCi/l) set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (EPA, 2000). The Murray Hill system began treatment for radium in 1999. Although this treatment was successful, annual monitoring for gross alpha, radium, and uranium continues as required (Jon Kim, written communication, 2005). The water system utilizes a drilled bedrock well located in the Silurian-Devonian Waits River Formation. Kim (2002) summarized radioactivity data for Vermont, and aside from a statewide assessment of radon in public water systems (Manning and Ladue, 1986) and a single flight line from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) (Texas Instruments, 1976) (fig. 1), no data are available to identify the potential sources of naturally occurring radioactivity in the local bedrock.\r\n\r\nAirborne gamma-ray surveys are typically used for large areas (Duval, 2001, 2002), and ground-based surveys are more commonly used for local site assessments. For example, ground-based surveys have been used for fault mapping (Iwata and others, 2001), soil mapping (Roberts and others, 2003), environmental assessments (Stromswold and Arthur, 1996), and mineral exploration (Jubeli and others, 1998). Duval (1980) summarized the methods and applications of gamma- ray spectrometry.\r\n\r\nIn this study, we present the results from a ground-based gamma-ray survey of bedrock outcrops in the 7.5-minute Barre West quadrangle, Vermont. Other related and ongoing studies in the area are addressing potential mineral sources of radionuclides (Satkoski and Walsh, 2004; Satkoski and others, 2005), radionuclides in ground water (Kim and others, 2005), and bedrock geology.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055276","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., and Satkoski, A.M., 2005, Surface gamma-ray survey of the Barre West quadrangle, Washington and Orange Counties, Vermont (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5276, 1 CD-ROM; iv, 19 p.; 9 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055276.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM; iv, 19 p.; 9 figs.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8388,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5276/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8717,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5276/metadata.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696e87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Satkoski, Aaron M.","contributorId":10885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satkoski","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":72840,"text":"sir20055232 - 2005 - Ground-water quality in the carbonate-rock aquifer of the Great Basin, Nevada and Utah, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T14:01:52","indexId":"sir20055232","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5232","title":"Ground-water quality in the carbonate-rock aquifer of the Great Basin, Nevada and Utah, 2003","docAbstract":"<p>The carbonate-rock aquifer of the Great Basin is named for the thick sequence of Paleozoic limestone and dolomite with lesser amounts of shale, sandstone, and quartzite. It lies primarily in the eastern half of the Great Basin and includes areas of eastern Nevada and western Utah as well as the Death Valley area of California and small parts of Arizona and Idaho. The carbonate-rock aquifer is contained within the Basin and Range Principal Aquifer, one of 16 principal aquifers selected for study by the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water- Quality Assessment Program.</p><p>Water samples from 30 ground-water sites (20 in Nevada and 10 in Utah) were collected in the summer of 2003 and analyzed for major anions and cations, nutrients, trace elements, dissolved organic carbon, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, radon, and microbiology. Water samples from selected sites also were analyzed for the isotopes oxygen-18, deuterium, and tritium to determine recharge sources and the occurrence of water recharged since the early 1950s.</p><p>Primary drinking-water standards were exceeded for several inorganic constituents in 30 water samples from the carbonate-rock aquifer. The maximum contaminant level was exceeded for concentrations of dissolved antimony (6 μg/L) in one sample, arsenic (10 μg/L) in eleven samples, and thallium (2 μg/L) in one sample. Secondary drinking-water regulations were exceeded for several inorganic constituents in water samples: chloride (250 mg/L) in five samples, fluoride (2 mg/L) in two samples, iron (0.3 mg/L) in four samples, manganese (0.05 mg/L) in one sample, sulfate (250 mg/L) in three samples, and total dissolved solids (500 mg/L) in seven samples.</p><p>Six different pesticides or metabolites were detected at very low concentrations in the 30 water samples. The lack of VOC detections in water sampled from most of the sites is evidence thatVOCs are not common in the carbonate-rock aquifer. Arsenic values for water range from 0.7 to 45.7 μg/L, with a median value of 9.6 μg/L. Factors affecting arsenic concentration in the carbonate-rock aquifer in addition to geothermal heating are its natural occurrence in the aquifer material and time of travel along the flow path.</p><p>Most of the chemical analyses, especially for VOCs and nutrients, indicate little, if any, effect of overlying land-use patterns on ground-water quality. The water quality in recharge areas for the aquifer where human activities are more intense may be affected by urban and/or agricultural land uses as evidenced by pesticide detections. The proximity of the carbonate-rock aquifer at these sites to the land surface and the potential for local recharge to occur through the fractured rock likely results in the occurrence of these and other land-surface related contaminants in the ground water. Water from sites sampled near outcrops of carbonate-rock aquifer likely has a much shorter residence time resulting in a potential for detection of anthropogenic or land-surface related compounds. Sites located in discharge areas of the flow systems or wells that are completed at a great depth below the land surface generally show no effects of land-use activities on water quality. Flow times within the carbonate-rock aquifer, away from recharge areas, are on the order of thousands of years, so any contaminants introduced at the land surface that will not degrade along the flow path have not reached the sampled sites in these areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Carson City, NV","doi":"10.3133/sir20055232","usgsCitation":"Schaefer, D.H., Thiros, S.A., and Rosen, M.R., 2005, Ground-water quality in the carbonate-rock aquifer of the Great Basin, Nevada and Utah, 2003 (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5232, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055232.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5232.jpg"},{"id":334248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5232/pdf/sir20055232_RevisionHistory.pdf"},{"id":334249,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5232/pdf/sir20055232.pdf"},{"id":7345,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5232/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.3115234375,\n              39.80853604144591\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.806640625,\n              36.94989178681327\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              35.10193405724606\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.19238281249999,\n              35.42486791930558\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.0166015625,\n              35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.62109375,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4453125,\n              41.04621681452063\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.236328125,\n              42.71473218539458\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.5654296875,\n              42.87596410238256\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.93847656250001,\n              41.705728515237524\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.65234374999999,\n              40.1452892956766\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.3115234375,\n              39.80853604144591\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6671c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaefer, Donald H.","contributorId":77507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":72805,"text":"ofr20051423 - 2005 - Radon in soils of parts of Cameron, Hidalgo, and Willacy Counties, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"ofr20051423","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1423","title":"Radon in soils of parts of Cameron, Hidalgo, and Willacy Counties, Texas","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051423","usgsCitation":"Duval, J.S., 2005, Radon in soils of parts of Cameron, Hidalgo, and Willacy Counties, Texas (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1423, unpaginated, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051423.","productDescription":"unpaginated","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7402,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1423/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649a99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duval, Joseph S.","contributorId":22314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72216,"text":"sir20055120 - 2005 - Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Ground-water quality along a flow system in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1997-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T22:31:26.307159","indexId":"sir20055120","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5120","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Ground-water quality along a flow system in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1997-98","docAbstract":"<p>As part of a national analysis of the effects of land use on ground-water quality for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, the U.S. Geological Survey sampled wells along a flow system in surficial glacial aquifers in the northwestern part of the Twin Cities metropolitan area during 1997 and 1998. In addition, a reconnaissance steady-state ground-water model was developed to estimate flowpaths and dates of ground-water recharge using a particle-tracking routine.</p>\n<p>Sediment samples collected during drilling had high horizontal hydraulic conductivities (ranging from about 3.1 to about 190 feet per day, based on sediment-size analysis of well cuttings), small organic carbon concentrations (ranging from less than 0.2 to 160 grams per kilogram), and pH values that were mostly alkaline (ranging from 4.9 to 8.2).</p>\n<p>Water samples were analyzed for physical properties, major ions, iron, manganese, nutrients, organic carbon, radon, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chlorofluorocarbons, tritium, and isotopes of nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. Most of the water samples had small dissolved-oxygen concentrations (less than 1 milligram per liter). Calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonate, sulfate, and chloride were the primary dissolved constituents in water samples. Nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen (nitrate) concentrations were less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 mg/L. Nitrogen isotope ratios indicated that the sources of nitrate primarily were soils, animal waste, or denitrification that increased nitrogen isotope ratios in nitrate.</p>\n<p>Small concentrations of pesticides were detected in the shallow parts of the aquifer. The herbicide prometon was the most frequently detected pesticide. Herbicides applied to control grasses and weeds in corn (atrazine, simazine, and metolachlor) also were frequently detected in water samples. All pesticide and VOCs detected were below USEPA Maximum Contaminant Levels or Health Advisory Limits. Chlorofluorocarbon compounds and tritium concentrations were used to estimate dates of recharge of ground-water samples. In general, shallower ground-water samples were more recently recharged although most water sampled from the aquifer was recharged after 1955.</p>\n<p>Although land use had substantial effects on ground-water quality, the distribution of contaminants in the aquifer also is affected by complex combinations of factors and processes that include sources of natural and anthropogenic contaminants, three-dimensional advective flow, physical and hydrologic settings, age and evolution of ground water, and transformation of chemical compounds along the flow system. Compounds such as nitrate and dissolved oxygen were greatest in water samples from the upgradient end of the flow system and near the water table. Specific conductance and dissolved solids increased along the flow system and with depth due to increase in residence time in the flow system and dissolution of aquifer materials.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055120","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Andrews, W.J., Stark, J.R., Fong, A.L., and Fallon, J.D., 2005, Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Ground-water quality along a flow system in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1997-98: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5120, viii, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055120.","productDescription":"viii, 44 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055120.JPG"},{"id":392982,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73989.htm"},{"id":7045,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5120/pdf/sir2005-5120.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.4,\n              45.133333\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.4,\n              45.016667\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.266667,\n              45.016667\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.266667,\n              45.133333\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.4,\n              45.133333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e71b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stark, James R. stark@usgs.gov","contributorId":289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"James","email":"stark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":285196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fong, Alison L.","contributorId":78366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fallon, James D. jfallon@usgs.gov","contributorId":3417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"James","email":"jfallon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":285198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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