{"pageNumber":"7","pageRowStart":"150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":4111,"records":[{"id":70263834,"text":"70263834 - 2024 - Counting the chorus: A bioacoustic indicator of population density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-25T15:11:51.263779","indexId":"70263834","displayToPublicDate":"2024-12-27T08:06:20","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20084,"text":"Ecology Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Counting the chorus: A bioacoustic indicator of population density","docAbstract":"Passive acoustic monitoring has grown in utility for tracking wildlife populations, although challenges remain when using acoustic detections to monitor population size and density. Distance sampling is considered the ‘gold standard’ for estimating animal densities but has several important limitations, especially for rare, cryptic, and high-density species. Here, we test the performance of a simple, quickly derived bioacoustic indicator for monitoring population density: call density—the proportion of recording samples containing vocalizations. Over three years, we collected synchronized bioacoustic and point-transect distance sampling data for eight forest bird species native to the Island of Hawai‘i, including four endangered species, across diverse ecosystems ranging from subalpine dry woodland to montane rainforest. The species studied exhibit varied population structures, from gregarious flocks to small, territorial family groups. Our results revealed significant, strong correlations between call density and distance sampling-based animal density estimates for all species, demonstrating that call density is a reliable indicator of animal density that can be used independently or in combination with traditional monitoring methods. Our analysis uses a fixed amount of manual validation of machine learning classifier output examples, without requiring prohibitively high classifier performance, and is robust to variation in vocal activity rates across time and space, making it both adaptable and scalable. This approach could enhance passive acoustic monitoring by providing a more sensitive population health indicator than commonly used detection/nondetection methods, facilitating prompt conservation and management decisions, particularly for species that are difficult to monitor with distance sampling.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112930","usgsCitation":"Navine, A.K., Camp, R.J., Weldy, M.J., Denton, T., and Hart, P.J., 2024, Counting the chorus: A bioacoustic indicator of population density: Ecology Indicators, v. 169, 112930, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112930.","productDescription":"112930, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-171315","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112930","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Big Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.13968222172028,\n              19.755747085043822\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.13968222172028,\n              19.69242312727401\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.07419576383438,\n              19.69242312727401\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.07419576383438,\n              19.755747085043822\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.13968222172028,\n              19.755747085043822\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"169","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Navine, Amanda K","contributorId":333575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Navine","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":37485,"text":"University of Hawai‘i - Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Camp, Richard J. 0000-0001-7008-923X rick_camp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-923X","contributorId":189964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard","email":"rick_camp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weldy, Matthew J","contributorId":300545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weldy","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":65191,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denton, Tom 0000-0003-3866-0031","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3866-0031","contributorId":351479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denton","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":83995,"text":"Google Deepmind, Google","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hart, Patrick J.","contributorId":147728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70262849,"text":"70262849 - 2024 - Geophysical characterization of an alkaline‑carbonatite complex using gravity and magnetic methods at Magnet Cove, Arkansas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-24T15:33:05.221746","indexId":"70262849","displayToPublicDate":"2024-12-20T08:23:15","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical characterization of an alkaline‑carbonatite complex using gravity and magnetic methods at Magnet Cove, Arkansas, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Magnet Cove alkaline‑carbonatite complex (MCC), located in the Ouachita Mountains of south-central Arkansas in the United States, hosts an extensive variety of rare rock types and critical mineral resources with physical properties (density and magnetization) that contrast significantly with the sedimentary rocks into which they have intruded. Newly acquired ground-based gravity and magnetic data were used to develop two-dimensional and three-dimensional geophysical models of the Cretaceous-aged Magnet Cove intrusive complex. The models reveal that the MCC: (1) widens out at middle crustal depths to as much 22&nbsp;km across, and may reach a depth of 20&nbsp;km; (2) has a total volume (exposed and subsurface) that may be over 800&nbsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>; (3) is likely connected at depth to other intrusions in the Arkansas alkaline province; and (4) has a geometry that is aligned with pre-existing structures such as the Reelfoot rift and the Ouachita orogenic belt, some of which were likely structurally controlled by the Precambrian crystalline basement and the continent-ocean transition zone buried beneath the Ouachita orogen. For the first time, the magnetic models of the MCC account for the presence of strong remanent magnetization. This results in a geophysical workflow necessary to accurately interpret magnetic anomalies over the much larger Arkansas alkaline province, its geologic and structural framework, and critical mineral potential.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230545","usgsCitation":"Amaral, C.M., Lamb, A., and Dumond, G., 2024, Geophysical characterization of an alkaline‑carbonatite complex using gravity and magnetic methods at Magnet Cove, Arkansas, USA: Tectonophysics, v. 893, 230545, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230545.","productDescription":"230545, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-155830","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230545","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":481137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Magnet Cove","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.87450349583777,\n              34.46740461224745\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.87450349583777,\n              34.43682956355562\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.80310027946261,\n              34.43682956355562\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.80310027946261,\n              34.46740461224745\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.87450349583777,\n              34.46740461224745\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"893","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amaral, Chelsea Morgan 0000-0003-4632-4097","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4632-4097","contributorId":313539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amaral","given":"Chelsea","email":"","middleInitial":"Morgan","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":925001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamb, Andrew P. 0000-0001-7214-516X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7214-516X","contributorId":349870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamb","given":"Andrew P.","affiliations":[{"id":83523,"text":"University of Arkansas Department of Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dumond, Gregory 0000-0002-3296-0976","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-0976","contributorId":349871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dumond","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[{"id":83523,"text":"University of Arkansas Department of Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70272579,"text":"70272579 - 2024 - Rare habitats, rare species, and invasive predators highlight management complexities in the Colorado River system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-24T15:00:29.875838","indexId":"70272579","displayToPublicDate":"2024-12-17T08:52:49","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":27,"text":"Preprint"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":32,"text":"Preprint"},"seriesTitle":{"id":19846,"text":"BioRxiv","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":32}},"title":"Rare habitats, rare species, and invasive predators highlight management complexities in the Colorado River system","docAbstract":"<p><span>Long-term drought caused Lake Powell, a reservoir on the Colorado River (USA), to decline to its lowest elevation in &gt;50 years during 2022–2023, allowing warm water to pass through intakes of Glen Canyon Dam and facilitating invasion by non-native Smallmouth Bass (</span><i>Micropterus dolomieu</i><span>). Establishment of bass downstream of the dam could threaten persistence of several native fishes, including two federally listed species. Subsequent detection of larval Smallmouth Bass in a spring-fed slough (river mile -12 slough) connected to the river in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (NRA) increased urgency to stem further invasion. The National Park Service is evaluating proposed actions to limit effects from non-native predators on native species in the Colorado River, including potentially channelizing the slough. This locally rare, spring-fed waterbody provides habitat for other species, including Western Tiger Salamanders (</span><i>Ambystoma mavortium</i><span>&nbsp;subsp.) of uncertain origin. We found salamanders from the slough had two distinct mitochondrial DNA haplotypes identical to sequences from nearby Arizona Tiger Salamander (</span><i>A. m. nebulosum</i><span>) populations, confirming they are the native genotype. We detected Red-spotted Toads (</span><i>Anaxyrus punctatus</i><span>) and Woodhouse’s Toads (</span><i>A. woodhousii</i><span>) from three other sites in Glen Canyon NRA and 34 sites in adjacent, downstream Grand Canyon National Park (spanning ∼464 km of river) with environmental DNA and traditional surveys. However, we did not detect salamanders elsewhere, matching prior information that salamanders are rare in the Colorado River corridor below Glen Canyon Dam. Based on this information, we discuss management options for the local population of Arizona Tiger Salamanders.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioRxiv","doi":"10.1101/2024.12.15.628570","usgsCitation":"Hossack, B., Stemp, K.M., Goldberg, C.S., Duke, A.C., Preston, T., Arnold, J.A., and Ray, A.R., 2024, Rare habitats, rare species, and invasive predators highlight management complexities in the Colorado River system: BioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.12.15.628570.","productDescription":"21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-173018","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.12.15.628570","text":"External Repository"},{"id":496819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hossack, Blake 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":207343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stemp, Kenzi Marie 0000-0001-7566-8513","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7566-8513","contributorId":362931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stemp","given":"Kenzi","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldberg, Caren S","contributorId":362932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Caren","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":37380,"text":"Washington State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duke, Alexandra C.","contributorId":362933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duke","given":"Alexandra","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37380,"text":"Washington State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Preston, Taryn","contributorId":292557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Preston","given":"Taryn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62075,"text":"National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arnold, J. Andrew","contributorId":213088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":36518,"text":"Old Dominion University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ray, Adam R","contributorId":148959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ray","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":17603,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, 2820 Southwest Campus Way, Corvallis, OR  97331","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70261871,"text":"70261871 - 2024 - Concordant signal of genetic variation across marker densities in the desert annual Chylismia brevipes is linked with timing of winter precipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-31T16:35:23.672067","indexId":"70261871","displayToPublicDate":"2024-12-16T11:35:02","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Concordant signal of genetic variation across marker densities in the desert annual <i>Chylismia brevipes</i> is linked with timing of winter precipitation","title":"Concordant signal of genetic variation across marker densities in the desert annual Chylismia brevipes is linked with timing of winter precipitation","docAbstract":"<p>Climate change coupled with large-scale surface disturbances necessitate active restoration strategies to promote resilient and genetically diverse native plant communities. However, scarcity of native plant materials hinders restoration efforts, leading practitioners to choose from potentially viable but nonlocal seed sources. Genome scans for genetic variation linked with selective environmental gradients have become a useful tool in such efforts, allowing rapid delineation of seed transfer zones along with predictions of genomic vulnerability to climate change. When properly applied, genome scans can reduce the risk of maladaptation due to mismatches between seed source and planting site. However, results are rarely replicated among complimentary data sources. Here, we compared RAD-seq datasets with 819 and 2699 SNPs (in 625 and 356 individuals, respectively) from the Mojave Desert winter annual <i>Chylismia brevipes</i>. Overall, we found that the datasets consistently characterized both neutral population structure and genetic–environmental associations. Ancestry analyses indicated consistent spatial genetic structuring into four regional populations. We also detected a marked signal of isolation by resistance (IBR), wherein spatial genetic structure was better explained by habitat resistance than by geographic distance. Potentially adaptive loci identified from genome scans were associated with the same environmental gradients—fall precipitation, winter minimum temperature, and precipitation timing—regardless of dataset. Paired with our finding that habitat resistance best explained genetic divergence, our results suggest that isolation of populations within environmentally similar habitats—and subsequent local adaption along gradients parallel to these habitats—drive genome-wide divergence in this species. Moreover, strong genetic associations with winter precipitation timing, along with forecasted shifts in precipitation regime due to midcentury climate change, could impact future population dynamics, habitat distribution, and genetic connectivity for <i>C. brevipes</i> populations within the Mojave Desert.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eva.70046","usgsCitation":"Shryock, D., Lê, N., DeFalco, L., and Esque, T., 2024, Concordant signal of genetic variation across marker densities in the desert annual Chylismia brevipes is linked with timing of winter precipitation: Conservation Genetics, v. 17, no. 12, e70046, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70046.","productDescription":"e70046, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159454","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70046","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.2859722224079,\n              38.02841230408214\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.2859722224079,\n              33.84962249242069\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.08194078286547,\n              33.84962249242069\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.08194078286547,\n              38.02841230408214\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.2859722224079,\n              38.02841230408214\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shryock, Daniel F. 0000-0003-0330-9815 dshryock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0330-9815","contributorId":208659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shryock","given":"Daniel F.","email":"dshryock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lê, Nila","contributorId":347238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lê","given":"Nila","affiliations":[{"id":83101,"text":"California Botanic Garden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeFalco, Lesley A. 0000-0002-7542-9261","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7542-9261","contributorId":208658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"Lesley A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esque, Todd 0000-0002-4166-6234 tesque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":195896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70265979,"text":"70265979 - 2024 - Presence-absence surveys yield spatially imprecise information about nesting sites of an endangered, forest-nesting seabird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-22T15:39:50.491324","indexId":"70265979","displayToPublicDate":"2024-12-12T10:33:48","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Presence-absence surveys yield spatially imprecise information about nesting sites of an endangered, forest-nesting seabird","docAbstract":"<p><span>Presence-absence surveys are frequently used to monitor populations of rare and elusive species. Such data may also be used as a proxy for breeding activity, but links between presence-absence data and higher-order processes must be validated to determine their reliability. The Marbled Murrelet (</span><i>Brachyramphus marmoratus</i><span>) is a threatened seabird that nests in older-aged forests along the Pacific Coast. Its nests are exceptionally difficult to find, so we tested whether presence-absence surveys can help identify nesting sites. Between 2018 and 2022 we located 17 trees containing active murrelet nests in the Oregon Coast Range (USA) and 38 trees that purportedly contained no active nests (26 in occupied murrelet stands and 12 in unoccupied stands). Observers surveyed within 200 m of focal trees using standard presence-absence surveys, and we modeled the effects of site status (active nest or control) and distance from the focal tree on probability of recording murrelets. We never detected murrelets in unoccupied control sites. We found some evidence that the probability of recording presence was higher at active nesting sites (0.81, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.88) than at occupied control sites (0.71, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.78) although a null model had similar support. The probability of recording murrelet breeding behaviors in nesting and occupied control sites was 0.20 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.27) regardless of distance to a known active nest. These results suggest that presence-absence surveys may be useful for identifying plausible murrelet nesting habitat, but they are ineffective for identifying active nesting sites. Moreover, we estimated that 20 repeated surveys at a point in space are required to reasonably conclude there are no active nesting sites within 200 m. These findings serve as an important reminder of the limitations that can come with relying on presence-absence data alone to identify breeding sites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0315531","usgsCitation":"Spurgeon, J.J., Adrean, L., Nelson, S., Betts, M., Roby, D., and Rivers, J., 2024, Presence-absence surveys yield spatially imprecise information about nesting sites of an endangered, forest-nesting seabird: PLoS ONE, v. 19, no. 12, e0315531, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315531.","productDescription":"e0315531, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-167025","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315531","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":484839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.5,\n              45.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1,\n              45.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1,\n              43.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5,\n              43.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5,\n              45.6\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spurgeon, Jonathan J. 0000-0002-6888-5867","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6888-5867","contributorId":304259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spurgeon","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":934230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adrean, Lindsay J.","contributorId":353648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adrean","given":"Lindsay J.","affiliations":[{"id":17929,"text":"American Bird Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, S. Kim","contributorId":353649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S. Kim","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Betts, Matthew G.","contributorId":353650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Betts","given":"Matthew G.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D.","contributorId":353651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel D.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rivers, James W.","contributorId":353652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rivers","given":"James W.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70261426,"text":"70261426 - 2024 - Cosmogenic 21Ne exposure ages on late Pleistocene moraines in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-11T14:19:35.958069","indexId":"70261426","displayToPublicDate":"2024-12-06T08:35:02","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":19852,"text":"GChron","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Cosmogenic <sup>21</sup>Ne exposure ages on late Pleistocene moraines in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, USA","title":"Cosmogenic 21Ne exposure ages on late Pleistocene moraines in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstract\" class=\"abstract sec\"><div class=\"abstract-content show-no-js\"><p id=\"d2e146\">We report new cosmogenic<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula\"><sup>21</sup></span>Ne in quartz exposure ages from 18 samples on three distinct moraines deposited in the Lost Creek drainage, approximately 3–7 km down-valley from Lassen Peak in Lassen Volcanic National Park. Although measuring<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula\"><sup>21</sup></span>Ne in quartz is generally straightforward, accurate<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula\"><sup>21</sup></span>Ne exposure dating of deposits of late Pleistocene is rarely possible due to the significant quantities of non-cosmogenic<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula\"><sup>21</sup></span>Ne present in most lithologies. Young quartz-bearing volcanic rocks have been observed to be an exception. We take advantage of moraine boulders sourced from the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula\">∼</span> 28 ka dacite of Lassen Peak to generate a chronology of alpine deglaciation in Lassen Volcanic National Park. Ages from three distinct moraines are in stratigraphic order at 22.1 <span class=\"inline-formula\">±</span> 3.8, 20.2 <span class=\"inline-formula\">±</span> 2.4, and 15.3 <span class=\"inline-formula\">±</span> 3.8 ka and generally agree with other terminal and some recessional moraine ages across the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada of the western United States. To date, these are among the youngest surfaces ever dated using cosmogenic<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula\"><sup>21</sup></span>Ne and provide a cost-effective proof-of-concept approach to dating moraines where applicable.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/gchron-6-639-2024","usgsCitation":"Tulenko, J.P., Balco, G., Clynne, M.A., and Muffler, L.P., 2024, Cosmogenic 21Ne exposure ages on late Pleistocene moraines in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, USA: GChron, v. 6, no. 4, p. 639-652, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-639-2024.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"639","endPage":"652","ipdsId":"IP-164311","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466724,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-639-2024","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":464940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen Volcanic National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.59704361520542,\n              40.59934177805266\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.59704361520542,\n              40.395748596010236\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.22976845212231,\n              40.395748596010236\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.22976845212231,\n              40.59934177805266\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.59704361520542,\n              40.59934177805266\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tulenko, Joseph P.","contributorId":347024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tulenko","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38176,"text":"Berkeley Geochronology Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balco, Greg","contributorId":347027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balco","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muffler, L.J. Patrick 0000-0001-6638-7218 pmuffler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-7218","contributorId":3322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muffler","given":"L.J.","email":"pmuffler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70263762,"text":"70263762 - 2024 - Tungsten skarn quantitative mineral resource assessment and gold, rare earth elements, graphite, and uranium qualitative assessments of the Kuldjuktau and Auminzatau Ranges, in the central Kyzylkum region, Uzbekistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-21T15:21:25.429091","indexId":"70263762","displayToPublicDate":"2024-12-05T09:10:22","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5207,"text":"Minerals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tungsten skarn quantitative mineral resource assessment and gold, rare earth elements, graphite, and uranium qualitative assessments of the Kuldjuktau and Auminzatau Ranges, in the central Kyzylkum region, Uzbekistan","docAbstract":"<p><span>A new quantitative mineral resource assessment for tungsten skarn was conducted for the Auminzatau and Kuldjuktau mountain ranges in Central Uzbekistan, along with qualitative assessments of orogenic gold, rare earth elements (REEs), amorphous graphite, and uranium. By integrating a variety of geological, geochemical, geophysical, and remote sensing data sets, estimates of undiscovered tungsten skarn deposits in permissive tracts are combined with grade and tonnage distributions of known deposits to generate probabilistic estimates of undiscovered resources. Undiscovered deposits in Auminzatau are estimated to contain median resources of 98 thousand metric tons (kt) of WO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;with a 70 percent (%) probability of at least 28 kt and a 10% probability of at least 468 kt, of which 16 kt to 293 kt may be economic to extract. In Kuldjuktau, the undiscovered deposits are estimated to contain median resources of 27 kt of WO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;with a 60% probability of at least 12 kt and a 10% probability of at least 208 kt, of which 5 kt to 132 kt may be economic to extract. Our results suggest that the Auminzatau–Kuldjuktau Mountains area is highly prospective for additional discovery of significant Au and U resources and has low prospectivity for discovery of significant REE and graphite resources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/min14121240","usgsCitation":"Coyan, J.A., Solano, F., Taylor, C.D., Finn, C., Smith, S.M., Holm-Denoma, C., Pianowski, L., Crocker, K., Mirkamalov, R., Divaev, F., Baratov, A., Khakimov, B., Azimov, J., Goipov, A., Avulov, J., Akhmadov, S., Inatov, N., Janiev, X., and Dulabova, N., 2024, Tungsten skarn quantitative mineral resource assessment and gold, rare earth elements, graphite, and uranium qualitative assessments of the Kuldjuktau and Auminzatau Ranges, in the central Kyzylkum region, Uzbekistan: Minerals, no. 12, p. 1240-1277, https://doi.org/10.3390/min14121240.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"1240","endPage":"1277","ipdsId":"IP-163884","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14121240","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482329,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Uzbekistan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              63,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              63,\n              41.5\n            ],\n            [\n              65,\n              41.5\n            ],\n            [\n              65,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              63,\n              42\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"12","edition":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coyan, Joshua Aaron 0000-0002-8450-7364","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-7364","contributorId":247291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coyan","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"Aaron","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solano, Federico 0000-0002-0308-5850","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-5850","contributorId":213145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solano","given":"Federico","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Cliff D. 0000-0001-6376-6298 ctaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":1283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Cliff","email":"ctaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":229711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Steven M. 0000-0003-3591-5377 smsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377","contributorId":1460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"smsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":219763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pianowski, Laura 0000-0002-5346-8251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5346-8251","contributorId":218817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pianowski","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":928158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Crocker, Kelsey Elizabeth 0000-0002-5919-5274","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-5274","contributorId":298791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crocker","given":"Kelsey Elizabeth","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mirkamalov, Rustam","contributorId":351203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mirkamalov","given":"Rustam","affiliations":[{"id":83936,"text":"Ministry of Mining, Industry, and Geology of the Rebublic of Uzbekistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Divaev, Fareed","contributorId":351204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Divaev","given":"Fareed","affiliations":[{"id":83936,"text":"Ministry of Mining, Industry, and Geology of the Rebublic of Uzbekistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Baratov, Abdulla","contributorId":351205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baratov","given":"Abdulla","affiliations":[{"id":83936,"text":"Ministry of Mining, Industry, and Geology of the Rebublic of Uzbekistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Khakimov, Botir","contributorId":351206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khakimov","given":"Botir","affiliations":[{"id":83936,"text":"Ministry of Mining, Industry, and Geology of the Rebublic of Uzbekistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Azimov, Jurabek","contributorId":351207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Azimov","given":"Jurabek","affiliations":[{"id":83936,"text":"Ministry of Mining, Industry, and Geology of the Rebublic of Uzbekistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Goipov, Akrom","contributorId":351208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goipov","given":"Akrom","affiliations":[{"id":83936,"text":"Ministry of Mining, Industry, and Geology of the Rebublic of Uzbekistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Avulov, Jamshid","contributorId":351209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avulov","given":"Jamshid","affiliations":[{"id":83936,"text":"Ministry of Mining, Industry, and Geology of the Rebublic of Uzbekistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Akhmadov, Shokir","contributorId":351210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Akhmadov","given":"Shokir","affiliations":[{"id":83936,"text":"Ministry of Mining, Industry, and Geology of the Rebublic of Uzbekistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Inatov, Nurbek","contributorId":351213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inatov","given":"Nurbek","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":928170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Janiev, Xurshid","contributorId":351212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janiev","given":"Xurshid","affiliations":[{"id":83936,"text":"Ministry of Mining, Industry, and Geology of the Rebublic of Uzbekistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Dulabova, Nafisa","contributorId":351211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dulabova","given":"Nafisa","affiliations":[{"id":83936,"text":"Ministry of Mining, Industry, and Geology of the Rebublic of Uzbekistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70258358,"text":"70258358 - 2024 - Challenges in developing vertical hazard for seismic analysis of concrete dams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-21T16:24:13.096174","indexId":"70258358","displayToPublicDate":"2024-12-01T11:22:09","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Challenges in developing vertical hazard for seismic analysis of concrete dams","docAbstract":"The seismic response of concrete dams depends on both the horizontal (H) and vertical (V) components of ground motion (GM), and excluding the V components when conducting response history analyses (RHAs) may underestimate the seismic fragility. Although V components of GM time series could be selected to be consistent with the hazard, hazard curves for the V component (or for short, V hazard curves) are rarely available for evaluating such hazard consistency. One of the challenges in developing V hazard curves in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) is the lack of ground motion models (GMMs) that directly estimate intensity measures (IMs) for the V component of GM. In this study, we compare alternative approaches of developing V hazard curves. Using a case study in California, we compare V hazard curves computed from GMMs for the V component of GM against those from applying GMMs for the V/H ratios and those from selecting multicomponent time series that are consistent with the H hazard. We discuss and invite feedback on issues such as availability of GMMs, applicability of GMMs, and choice of inputs for ground motion selection and modification (GMSM).","conferenceTitle":"18th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"June 30-July 5, 2024","conferenceLocation":"Milan, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Earthquake Engineering","usgsCitation":"Kwong, N.S., Rezaeian, S., Makdisi, A.J., and Luco, N., 2024, Challenges in developing vertical hazard for seismic analysis of concrete dams, 18th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Milan, Italy, June 30-July 5, 2024, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-160244","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":433715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://proceedings-wcee.org/view.html?id=22755&conference=18WCEE"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kwong, N. Simon 0000-0003-3017-9585","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3017-9585","contributorId":241863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwong","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"Simon","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rezaeian, Sanaz 0000-0001-7589-7893 srezaeian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-7893","contributorId":4395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rezaeian","given":"Sanaz","email":"srezaeian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Makdisi, Andrew James 0000-0002-8239-0692","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-0692","contributorId":267917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makdisi","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luco, Nico 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":145730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nico","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70263950,"text":"70263950 - 2024 - Global survey of paleo-bedforms on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-03T14:55:07.675739","indexId":"70263950","displayToPublicDate":"2024-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global survey of paleo-bedforms on Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sedimentary processes on Mars have contributed to a plethora of landforms, both ancient and modern. Many of these are aeolian- or fluvial-formed constructs that meet the morphologic criteria for dunes and ripples but are clearly lithified and part of the rock record. This study conducted a survey of Mars using data returned from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) to characterize the spatial distribution, origin, and geologic context of these preserved ancient bedforms, termed here as paleo-bedforms. The most compelling class include organized groups of 2–80-m-tall, crescentic to transverse features spaced at 100–1000&nbsp;m wavelengths at Apollinaris Sulci, Valles Marineris, and other low-latitude sites. These morphologies along with superposed craters, boulders, and fractures led to the interpretation that these are highly lithified, friable, and partially eroded ancient aeolian dunes. In addition to lithified dunes, other remnants of ancient bedforms include examples in which the dune was completely removed, leaving a shallow depression in a crescentic outline as dune cast pits. The most widespread occurrences of paleo-bedforms show crest-to-crest wavelengths (10–80&nbsp;m), heights (∼1–4&nbsp;m), and morphologies consistent with lower-order bedforms of megaripples or transverse aeolian ridges. Paleo-megaripple fields in Arcadia Planitia, Hellas Planitia, Terra Sirenum, and other locations exhibit a progression of degraded morphologies, with crests showing signs of rounding, pitting, or fracturing, while heights and slopes are diminished due to erosion. Most rare are the paleo-bedforms in the fluvial bedform class at Lethe Vallis and Holden crater, as they occur along the path of proposed ancient flooding events. More enigmatic paleo-bedform candidates occur concentrated along the steep Valles Marineris and Noctis Labyrinthus wall slopes. These intermediate-sized, arcuate landforms that resemble transverse climbing dunes are heavily cratered, but they may align perpendicular or oblique to the local gradient, perhaps formed by wall slope winds and slope creep.</span></p><p><span>The bedforms are unlike most ancient terrestrial aeolian or fluvial bedform systems, which are typically preserved only as truncated members of stratigraphic sections. Episodes of burial and exhumation by various geologic units (e.g., the Medusae Fossae Formation, pyroclastic units, lava flows, dust) are notable, whereas other bedforms appear to have been stabilized and partially lithified in place without burial. Ongoing agents of mass wasting, aeolian abrasion, and cryo-driven processes have contributed to the exhumation, erosion, and weathered appearance of paleo-bedforms, and a spectrum of degradation states was observed. Collectively, we report a diverse variety of ancient sedimentary bedforms preserved across Mars, with implications about paleoclimates and landscape evolution on Mars.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109428","usgsCitation":"Chojnacki, M., Fenton, L.K., Edgar, L.A., Day, M.D., Edwards, C., Weintraub, A., Gullikson, A.L., and Telfer, M., 2024, Global survey of paleo-bedforms on Mars: Geomorphology, v. 466, 109428, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109428.","productDescription":"109428, 31 p.","ipdsId":"IP-164035","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109428","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"466","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chojnacki, Matthew 0000-0001-8497-8994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8497-8994","contributorId":296931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64240,"text":"Planetary Science Institute, Lakewood, CO, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fenton, Lori K.","contributorId":208682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fenton","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":37319,"text":"SETI Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edgar, Lauren A. 0000-0001-7512-7813 ledgar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7512-7813","contributorId":167501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgar","given":"Lauren","email":"ledgar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Day, Mackenzie D.","contributorId":203790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Day","given":"Mackenzie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, Christopher S.","contributorId":206168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":7202,"text":"NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weintraub, Aaron R","contributorId":238778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weintraub","given":"Aaron R","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gullikson, Amber L. 0000-0002-1505-3151","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1505-3151","contributorId":208679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gullikson","given":"Amber","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Telfer, Matt","contributorId":351705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Telfer","given":"Matt","affiliations":[{"id":84036,"text":"SOGEES, University of Plymouth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70267755,"text":"70267755 - 2024 - Leveraging local wildlife surveys for robust occupancy trend estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-30T15:55:26.989134","indexId":"70267755","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-27T10:48:01","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leveraging local wildlife surveys for robust occupancy trend estimation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Natural resource agencies are frequently tasked with monitoring populations of at-risk species to ensure management activities do not negatively affect the viability of wildlife populations. Typically, these monitoring efforts evaluate trends in a population’s abundance, occupancy, or geographic distribution. Often, surveys provide local information, but results are generally not incorporated into broad-scale monitoring efforts that focus on range-wide population changes due to their variable nature in both spatial extent and effort. We investigated whether aggregating these local (hereafter “variable”) surveys can generate enough statistical power to estimate broad-scale population trends using simulations of declining populations of fishers (</span><i>Pekania</i><span>&nbsp;</span><i>pennati</i><span>) over a 10-year time horizon. Our simulations included three population sizes which we refer to as abundant, common, and rare (<i><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;msub is=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;mi is=&quot;true&quot;&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn is=&quot;true&quot;&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">N</span></span></span></i></span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;msub is=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;mi is=&quot;true&quot;&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn is=&quot;true&quot;&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sub>0</sub></span></span></span><sub> </sub>=&nbsp;700, 350, and 100 individuals, respectively) with each declining at a rapid and moderate pace (<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi is=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3BB;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">λ</span></span></span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.933, and 0.977, respectively). For each population, we simulated variable surveys using an occupancy framework to subsample the population with parameters that mimic combining multiple independent monitoring efforts which vary annually in location, and effort. Regardless of spatial consistency of annual sampling, there was minimal variation in statistical power under both high and low detection probability simulations. However, when sampling effort varied each year, statistical power was lower for most populations and sampling scenarios when compared to consistent sampling effort unless some baseline level of sampling effort was reliably achieved in all years. In many cases, adding low-level consistent baseline sampling to variable surveys resulted in statistical power close to that of consistent sampling efforts. Our results suggest statistical power is driven by annual consistency in the proportion of landscape sampled rather than spatial consistency in sampling locations. This result indicates that current variable surveys could be leveraged and combined to detect population declines for at-risk species at broad-scales if a baseline proportion of landscape is robustly sampled. The level of baseline sampling is highly dependent on population size and magnitudes of population change. In simulations with a common or abundant population experiencing a rapid decline, a baseline survey effort of at least 5% of the landscape in combination with variable surveys resulted in statistical power consistently above the standard threshold of 0.80 for occupancy monitoring. Leveraging existing local efforts to achieve high detection probability and baseline sampling would reduce financial and logistical burdens of broad-scale wildlife monitoring efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112863","usgsCitation":"Heiman, J., Tucker, J., Sells, S.N., Millspaugh, J., and Schwartz, M.K., 2024, Leveraging local wildlife surveys for robust occupancy trend estimation: Ecological Indicators, v. 169, 112863, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112863.","productDescription":"112863, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-169633","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112863","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":489269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.09604758040494,\n              49.031724087428586\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.09604758040494,\n              44.99739898338183\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.51962452503669,\n              44.99739898338183\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.51962452503669,\n              49.031724087428586\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.09604758040494,\n              49.031724087428586\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"169","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heiman, Jordan L.","contributorId":356099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heiman","given":"Jordan L.","affiliations":[{"id":40027,"text":"United States Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, Jody M.","contributorId":356101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Jody M.","affiliations":[{"id":40027,"text":"United States Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sells, Sarah Nelson 0000-0003-4859-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4859-7160","contributorId":302377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sells","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"Nelson","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":938746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":11141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":938747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwartz, Michael K.","contributorId":199035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":938748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70257635,"text":"70257635 - 2024 - Comparing conventional tagging methods and acoustic telemetry to inform management of Lake Whitefish in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T16:28:13.220859","indexId":"70257635","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-26T09:57:24","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing conventional tagging methods and acoustic telemetry to inform management of Lake Whitefish in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"<h3 id=\"nafm11040-sec-0001-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Objective</h3><p>Studies of fish movement using conventional tags or acoustic telemetry have different benefits and biases that can influence how conclusions are used in a management context. Our objective was to determine whether these two methods provided similar inferences regarding movements and spawning site fidelity of Lake Whitefish<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in Lake Michigan. Additionally, we assessed movement patterns and used telemetry to assess residency time of Lake Whitefish to provide managers with information on which stocks might be exposed to harvest in different regions.</p><h3 id=\"nafm11040-sec-0002-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Methods</h3><p>Lake Whitefish were tagged during spawning in (1) North and Moonlight bays, (2) Big Bay de Noc, (3) the Menominee River, and (4) the Fox River. Proportions of fish moving between southern Green Bay, northern Green Bay, and Lake Michigan were compared between tag types. Spawning site fidelity was estimated for each tagging site. Seasonal residency indices were calculated using acoustic telemetry detections.</p><h3 id=\"nafm11040-sec-0003-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Result</h3><p>Estimates differed between the two methods, but overall trends were similar. Fox River fish rarely left southern Green Bay, and fish tagged in North and Moonlight bays rarely entered Green Bay (&lt;10% of individuals). Big Bay de Noc and Menominee River fish moved into other regions more often (&gt;50% of individuals). The residency indices indicated that Big Bay de Noc fish spent most of their time in Lake Michigan while Menominee River fish spent little time in northern Green Bay despite transitioning to the region. Compared to telemetry, conventional tag recoveries underestimated the proportion of individuals moving among regions. Spawning site fidelity estimates (28–100%) varied among tagging groups and between methods.</p><h3 id=\"nafm11040-sec-0004-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our results suggest that data from conventional tags can inform management at broad geographic scales. However, acoustic telemetry can provide fine-scale information. Information gained from telemetry can be useful in understanding exposure to fishing mortality, which may be valuable for informing management decisions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.11040","usgsCitation":"Izzo, L., Dembkowski, D., Binder, T., Hayden, T., Vandergoot, C.S., Hansen, S., Caroffino, D.C., Krueger, C.C., and Isermann, D.A., 2024, Comparing conventional tagging methods and acoustic telemetry to inform management of Lake Whitefish in Lake Michigan: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 44, no. 6, p. 1232-1248, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.11040.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1232","endPage":"1248","ipdsId":"IP-164284","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466742,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.11040","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465484,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.6436767578125,\n              45.69083283645816\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.517333984375,\n              45.84410779560204\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.50634765625,\n              45.897654534346906\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.5338134765625,\n              45.909122123907295\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.59423828125,\n              45.909122123907295\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.66015624999999,\n              45.882360730184025\n    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,{"id":70269259,"text":"70269259 - 2024 - The cost of self-defense: Browsing effects in the rare plant species Salix arizonica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T14:16:50.658228","indexId":"70269259","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-24T09:07:51","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7470,"text":"Ecology & Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The cost of self-defense: Browsing effects in the rare plant species <i>Salix arizonica</i>","title":"The cost of self-defense: Browsing effects in the rare plant species Salix arizonica","docAbstract":"<p><span>Coevolution between plants and their animal predators has led to diverse defensive adaptations. Multiple theories of defense propose that there are resource allocation costs associated with producing chemical defenses. One leading hypothesis, optimal defense theory (ODT), suggests that natural selection will result in the allocation of resources to defenses that optimize the cost-to-benefit ratio between defense and other functional processes. The population decline of the rare subalpine wetland species, Arizona willow (</span><i>Salix arizonica</i><span>), has been attributed to various biotic and abiotic factors, with browsing from wild and domestic ungulates as a significant concern for at least three decades. In a field experiment using natural populations, we compare the relationship between phytochemical defense and height in Arizona willows with and without long-term protection from browsing via browse exclosures. Consistent with the predictions of ODT, individuals with physical protection from ungulate browsing for multiple years had significantly lower phenolic glycoside (PG) concentrations and increased plant height compared to unprotected individuals. A similar pattern was found across all individuals, whereby total PG concentration and height were negatively correlated. In a short-term experiment in natural populations, changes in levels of defense were not observed when plants received protection for only one growing season. The contrasting pattern of defense plasticity in response to long-term versus short-term physical protection suggests a differential plastic response in this long-lived species. Delayed reduction in PG concentration may serve as a benefit to avoid mismatches between environmental cues and responses. Our research sheds light on the intricate dynamics between plant-defense strategies, environmental pressures, and evolutionary adaptations in shaping plant–browser interactions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.70582","usgsCitation":"Lencioni, S., Massatti, R., Keefover-Ring, K., and Holeski, L.M., 2024, The cost of self-defense: Browsing effects in the rare plant species Salix arizonica: Ecology & Evolution, v. 14, no. 11, e70582, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70582.","productDescription":"e70582, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-168041","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70582","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.73290084766971,\n              34.18204394413493\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.73290084766971,\n              33.716377912993124\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.18228285042254,\n              33.716377912993124\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.18228285042254,\n              34.18204394413493\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.73290084766971,\n              34.18204394413493\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.45634406936061,\n              37.110281634744624\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.88897389351914,\n              37.110281634744624\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.88897389351914,\n              35.55797928606451\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.45634406936061,\n              35.55797928606451\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.45634406936061,\n              37.110281634744624\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.9299928786093,\n              38.83409219968786\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.34322892723904,\n              38.87293116294293\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.29438431503323,\n              37.68728907833105\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.94883348126503,\n              37.49534118639001\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.75899865159066,\n              38.77579399669651\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.9299928786093,\n              38.83409219968786\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lencioni, Shannon J.","contributorId":358232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lencioni","given":"Shannon J.","affiliations":[{"id":85582,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, 617 S. Beaver St. Flagstaff, Arizona 86011","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Massatti, Robert 0000-0001-5854-5597","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-5597","contributorId":207294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massatti","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keefover-Ring, Ken","contributorId":358233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keefover-Ring","given":"Ken","affiliations":[{"id":85583,"text":"Department of Botany and Geography, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holeski, Liza M.","contributorId":217866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holeski","given":"Liza","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70260965,"text":"70260965 - 2024 - Brittle regime slip partitioned damage and deformation mechanisms along the eastern Denali fault zone in southwestern, Yukon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-18T15:26:34.743256","indexId":"70260965","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-18T08:26:23","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7167,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brittle regime slip partitioned damage and deformation mechanisms along the eastern Denali fault zone in southwestern, Yukon","docAbstract":"Rare bedrock exposures of the eastern Denali fault zone in southwestern Yukon allow for the measurement, sampling, and analyses of brittle regime fault slip data and deformation mechanisms to explore relations to far field, oblique plate motions. Host rock lithologies and associated slip surfaces show episodic damage zone‐related deformation and calcite ± hematite ± chlorite related hydrothermal fluid flow. This regional scale network of asymmetric fault damage is spatially and kinematically linked to a discrete and narrow fault core. Fault network observations, orientations, slip data, and strain inversions document a slip partitioned strike‐slip fault system with locally and mutually overprinting strike‐, oblique‐, and dip‐slip components. Microstructural analyses reveal crystal plastic and co‐seismic brittle deformation mechanisms active in a narrow range of upper crustal temperature, pressure, fluid, and chemical conditions. The net damage related slip is not exclusively formed by a single kinematic system, but rather a fully partitioned, time integrated system likely operative for much of the fault's brittle regime evolution temporally constrained by previously published thermochronometric data. Although the fault slip data was collected from outcrop‐scale exposures at sites tens of kilometers apart, results show remarkable correlation between fault kinematics and plate motions along the ∼580 km long eastern Denali fault segment. End member, subhorizontal, northeast directed reverse and north directed dextral strike slip fault strain axes closely reflect relative plate motion interactions over at least the last 30 m.y. and act as a proxy for far‐field stresses compatible with the kinematics of the damage zone network.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2024JB029506","usgsCitation":"Caine, J., Orlandini, O.F., Vollmer, F.W., and Lowers, H.A., 2024, Brittle regime slip partitioned damage and deformation mechanisms along the eastern Denali fault zone in southwestern, Yukon: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 129, no. 11, e2024JB029506, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029506.","productDescription":"e2024JB029506, 35 p.","ipdsId":"IP-149623","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jb029506","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":464228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"British Columbia, southwest Yukon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -161.0212169953091,\n              60.265114667913366\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.0212169953091,\n              52.584549776442685\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.33133076901765,\n              52.584549776442685\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.33133076901765,\n              60.265114667913366\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.0212169953091,\n              60.265114667913366\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caine, Jonathan Saul 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":199295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan Saul","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":918724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orlandini, Omero F. 0000-0002-9578-1203","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-1203","contributorId":346333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orlandini","given":"Omero","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13603,"text":"University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":918725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vollmer, Frederick W. 0000-0002-0385-8489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0385-8489","contributorId":271263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vollmer","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":56326,"text":"State University of New York at New Paltz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":918726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":191307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70263425,"text":"70263425 - 2024 - Assessing and implementing the concept of Blue Economy in Laurentian Great Lakes fisheries: Lessons from coupled human and natural systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-11T15:30:07.537954","indexId":"70263425","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-06T08:22:22","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing and implementing the concept of Blue Economy in Laurentian Great Lakes fisheries: Lessons from coupled human and natural systems","docAbstract":"Inland fisheries often receive little to no attention in global discussions about sustainable development. The consequences of overlooking inland fisheries in sustainability dialogues are increasingly problematic as fisheries stressors (e.g., overharvest, species invasion, climate change, habitat modification) intensify. Elevating the global profile of inland fisheries requires an approach for quantifying and clearly conveying the ecological, economic, and societal values of these systems. One such approach involves the Blue Economy, a multifaceted concept initially used to describe the intersection of marine conservation and sustainable use of marine resources for economic growth. Although conceptually powerful, the Blue Economy has rarely been applied to inland waters and fisheries. To address this knowledge gap, we conceptualized Laurentian Great Lakes fisheries from a Blue Economy perspective. In particular, we evaluated the utility of the coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) framework for characterizing the ecological, economic, and societal values of Laurentian Great Lakes fisheries and associated contributions to the Blue Economy (e.g., human livelihoods, food security, recreation, conservation, economic prosperity). There are numerous opportunities to leverage CHANS methods (e.g., metacoupling, telecoupling) and associated mathematical models to advance fisheries science, inform fisheries management, and ultimately move toward a Blue Economy in the Laurentian Great Lakes. To that end, we demonstrated applications of CHANS methods, discussed strategies for communicating with stakeholders, and provided insights for navigating challenges to developing a Blue Economy in the Laurentian Great Lakes—a model that could be used in the African Great Lakes and other large ecosystems in the world.","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.14321/aehm.027.02.74","usgsCitation":"Carlson, A.K., Leonard, N., Munawar, M., and Taylor, W., 2024, Assessing and implementing the concept of Blue Economy in Laurentian Great Lakes fisheries: Lessons from coupled human and natural systems: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 27, no. 2, p. 74-84, https://doi.org/10.14321/aehm.027.02.74.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"84","ipdsId":"IP-154893","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Laurentian Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.35414421298296,\n              47.69798628255907\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.55498641328694,\n              46.29425302711437\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.95944652656331,\n              46.00505185703939\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.62282303782777,\n              43.92021164632037\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.50058525109819,\n              41.25347232284972\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.72809349640711,\n              42.11694323111757\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.91733849617773,\n              43.493974004776575\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.89672932891068,\n              44.873597615031386\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.29102906108528,\n              43.6549891230233\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.78159647699495,\n              41.31847374004327\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.95408136104199,\n              41.39215071916226\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.87519895574565,\n              43.702579861752696\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.58470723400637,\n              45.3214766230865\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.23758896005683,\n              48.14783853442674\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.84558873081599,\n              49.05585075889549\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.35414421298296,\n              47.69798628255907\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Andrew Kenneth 0000-0002-6681-0853","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6681-0853","contributorId":340581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":926955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leonard, Nancy J.","contributorId":350769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leonard","given":"Nancy J.","affiliations":[{"id":20304,"text":"Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munawar, Mohiuddin","contributorId":350770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munawar","given":"Mohiuddin","affiliations":[{"id":13677,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, William W.","contributorId":350772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"William W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70268340,"text":"70268340 - 2024 - River suspended-sand flux computation with uncertainty estimation using water samples and high-resolution ADCP measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-23T14:40:02.847232","indexId":"70268340","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-05T09:37:01","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7942,"text":"Earth Surface Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River suspended-sand flux computation with uncertainty estimation using water samples and high-resolution ADCP measurements","docAbstract":"<p><span>Measuring suspended-sand fluxes in rivers remains a scientific challenge due to their high spatial and temporal variability. To capture the vertical and lateral gradients of concentration in the cross-section, measurements with point samples are performed. However, the uncertainty related to these measurements is rarely evaluated, as few studies of the major sources of error exist. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a method to determine the cross-sectional sand flux and estimate its uncertainty. This SDC (for sand discharge computing) method combines suspended-sand concentrations from point samples with ADCP (acoustic Doppler current profiler) high-resolution depth and velocity measurements. The MAP (for multitransect averaged profile) method allows obtaining an average of several ADCP transects on a regular grid, including the unmeasured areas. The suspended-sand concentrations are integrated vertically by fitting a theoretical exponential suspended-sand profile to the data using Bayesian modeling. The lateral integration is based on the water depth as a proxy for the local bed shear stress to evaluate the bed concentration and sediment diffusion along the river cross-section. The estimation of uncertainty combines ISO standards and semi-empirical methods with a Bayesian approach to estimate the uncertainty due to the vertical integration. The new method is applied to data collected in four rivers under various hydro-sedimentary conditions: the Colorado, Rhône, Isère, and Amazon rivers, with computed flux uncertainties ranging between 18 % and 32 %. The relative difference between the suspended-sand flux in 21 cases calculated with the proposed SDC method compared to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 4363 standard method ranges between&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula\">−</span><span>40 % and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula\">+</span><span>23 %. This method that comes with a flexible, open-source code is the first to propose an applicable uncertainty estimation that could be adapted to other flux computation methods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geophysical Union","doi":"10.5194/esurf-12-1243-2024","usgsCitation":"Marggraf, J., Dramais, G., Le Coz, J., Calmel, B., Camenen, B., Topping, D.J., Santini, W., Pierrefeu, G., and Lauters, F., 2024, River suspended-sand flux computation with uncertainty estimation using water samples and high-resolution ADCP measurements: Earth Surface Dynamics, v. 12, no. 6, p. 1243-1266, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1243-2024.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1243","endPage":"1266","ipdsId":"IP-123898","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1243-2024","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marggraf, Jessica","contributorId":350702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marggraf","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[{"id":83813,"text":"RiverLy, INRAE, 5 Rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dramais, Guillaume","contributorId":357236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dramais","given":"Guillaume","affiliations":[{"id":85354,"text":"1RiverLy, INRAE, 5 Rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Le Coz, Jerome","contributorId":350703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Coz","given":"Jerome","affiliations":[{"id":83813,"text":"RiverLy, INRAE, 5 Rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calmel, Blaise","contributorId":357237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calmel","given":"Blaise","affiliations":[{"id":85354,"text":"1RiverLy, INRAE, 5 Rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Camenen, Benoit","contributorId":238956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camenen","given":"Benoit","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47840,"text":"Scientist, IRSTEA, Lyon, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":215068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":940860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Santini, William","contributorId":357238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santini","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":85355,"text":"IRD-GET, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire GET (IRD, CNRS, UPS, CNES), Toulouse, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pierrefeu, Gilles","contributorId":238958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierrefeu","given":"Gilles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47841,"text":"Senior Engineer, CNR, Lyon, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lauters, François","contributorId":357239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauters","given":"François","affiliations":[{"id":85356,"text":"Service Etudes Eau Environnement, EDF, 134 Chemin de l'étang, Saint Martin Le Vinoux, 38950, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70261260,"text":"70261260 - 2024 - Apatite and monazite geochemistry record magmatic and metasomatic processes in rare earth element mineralization at Mountain Pass, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-04T15:32:09.263599","indexId":"70261260","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-01T08:24:22","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apatite and monazite geochemistry record magmatic and metasomatic processes in rare earth element mineralization at Mountain Pass, California","docAbstract":"The largest rare earth element (REE) deposit in the United States is a carbonatite intrusion at Mountain Pass in the Mojave Desert, California. Despite a clear spatiotemporal association of alkaline silicate and carbonatite intrusions at Mountain Pass, a genetic model of their mutual formation has not been resolved. The Mountain Pass carbonatite has long been upheld as an example of a primary magmatic body, but recent work has suggested it could be fluid-derived. This study investigates the geochemistry of apatite and monazite grains from the alkaline silicate and carbonatite stocks and dikes of the Mountain Pass district, to elucidate the magmatic history of the intrusive suite and identify the role of fluids in rare earth element mineralization. Three apatite populations are identified in the alkaline silicate rocks. A primary magmatic apatite group supports intrusion of the stocks as separate pulses of magma derived from a spatially extensive metasomatized mantle source region. The second group implicates the role of a regional fluid that mobilized light rare earth elements from apatite grains. A minor group of inherited apatite cores, identified by low Sr and negative Eu anomalies, supports assimilation of crustal material in the formation of the intrusive suite. Analyses of monazite and apatite grains from the carbonatite orebody also reveal a mix of primary magmatic and metasomatic (fluid-related) minerals. Compositional similarities between primary phosphates in the carbonatite and alkaline silicate rocks support a genetic link between the intrusive suites. The presence of fluids regionally and within the carbonatite orebody indicates the Mountain Pass carbonatite should not be classified as a purely magmatic REE deposit.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.5382/econgeo.5108","usgsCitation":"Benson, E.K., and Watts, K., 2024, Apatite and monazite geochemistry record magmatic and metasomatic processes in rare earth element mineralization at Mountain Pass, California: Economic Geology, v. 119, no. 7, p. 1611-1642, https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.5108.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1611","endPage":"1642","ipdsId":"IP-159227","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.5108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":464750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert, Mountain Pass","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.06188935809527,\n              36.65925978640696\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.95168822883412,\n              36.65925978640696\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.95168822883412,\n              34.494804652285\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.06188935809527,\n              34.494804652285\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.06188935809527,\n              36.65925978640696\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Erin Kay 0000-0003-3166-6043","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3166-6043","contributorId":346098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"Kay","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, Kathryn E. 0000-0002-6110-7499","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-7499","contributorId":204344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kathryn E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70266277,"text":"70266277 - 2024 - Droughts reshape apex predator space use and intraguild overlap","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-02T17:35:19.0661","indexId":"70266277","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Droughts reshape apex predator space use and intraguild overlap","docAbstract":"<p>1. Droughts are increasing in frequency and severity globally due to climate change, leading to changes in resource availability that may have cascading effects on animal ecology. Resource availability is a key driver of animal space use, which in turn influences interspecific interactions like intraguild competition. Understanding how climate-induced changes in resource availability influence animal space use, and how species-specific responses scale up to affect intraguild dynamics, is necessary for predicting broader community-level responses to climatic changes.</p><p>2. Although several studies have demonstrated the ecological impacts of drought, the behavioral responses of individuals that scale up to these broader-scale effects are not well known, particularly among animals in top trophic levels, such as large carnivores. Furthermore, we currently lack understanding of how the impacts of climate variability on individual carnivore behavior are linked to intraguild dynamics, in part because multi-species datasets collected at timescales relevant to climatic changes are rare.</p><p>3. Using 11 years of GPS data from four sympatric large carnivore species in southern Africa – lions (<i>Panthera leo</i>), leopards (<i>Panthera pardus</i>), African wild dogs (<i>Lycaon pictus)</i>, and cheetahs (<i>Acinonyx</i> <i>jubatus</i>) – spanning 4 severe drought events, we test whether drought conditions impact 1) large carnivore space use, 2) broad-scale intraguild spatial overlap, and 3) fine-scale intraguild interactions.</p><p>4. Drought conditions expanded space use across species, with carnivores increasing their monthly home range sizes by 35% (wild dogs) to 66% (leopards). Drought conditions increased the amount of spatial overlap between lions and subordinate felids (cheetahs and leopards) by up to 119%, but only lion-cheetah encounter rates were affected by these changes, declining in response to drought. </p><p>5. Our findings reveal that drought has a clear signature on the space use of multiple sympatric large carnivore species, which can alter spatiotemporal partitioning between competing species. Our study thereby illuminates the links between environmental change, animal behavior, and intraguild dynamics. While fine-scale avoidance strategies may facilitate intraguild coexistence during periodic droughts, large carnivore conservation may require considerable expansion of protected areas or revised human-carnivore coexistence strategies to accommodate the likely long-term increased space demands of large carnivores under projected increases in drought intensity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/1365-2656.14192","usgsCitation":"West, L., Rafiq, K., Converse, S.J., Wilson, A., Jordan, N., Golabek, K., McNutt, J., and Abrahms, B., 2024, Droughts reshape apex predator space use and intraguild overlap: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 93, no. 11, p. 1785-1798, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.14192.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1785","endPage":"1798","ipdsId":"IP-166498","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":485354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Botswana","otherGeospatial":"Okavango Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              21.06855004382743,\n              -18.33344673603129\n            ],\n            [\n              21.06855004382743,\n              -19.979158912722966\n            ],\n            [\n              23.959554595120153,\n              -19.979158912722966\n            ],\n            [\n              23.959554595120153,\n              -18.33344673603129\n            ],\n            [\n              21.06855004382743,\n              -18.33344673603129\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"West, Leigh","contributorId":338294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"Leigh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rafiq, Kasim","contributorId":338293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rafiq","given":"Kasim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":173772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":935356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Alan M.","contributorId":354290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Alan M.","affiliations":[{"id":84607,"text":"Royal Veterinary College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordan, Neil R.","contributorId":354291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordan","given":"Neil R.","affiliations":[{"id":84609,"text":"Wild Entrust","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Golabek, Krystyna A.","contributorId":354292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golabek","given":"Krystyna A.","affiliations":[{"id":84609,"text":"Wild Entrust","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNutt, J. Weldon","contributorId":354293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNutt","given":"J. Weldon","affiliations":[{"id":84609,"text":"Wild Entrust","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Abrahms, Briana","contributorId":287294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrahms","given":"Briana","affiliations":[{"id":53078,"text":"UWA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70260440,"text":"70260440 - 2024 - Deep-ocean macrofaunal assemblages on ferromanganese and phosphorite-rich substrates in the Southern California Borderland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-01T13:42:47.123347","indexId":"70260440","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-31T08:35:59","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep-ocean macrofaunal assemblages on ferromanganese and phosphorite-rich substrates in the Southern California Borderland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mineral-rich hardgrounds, such as ferromanganese (FeMn) crusts and phosphorites, occur on seamounts and continental margins, gaining attention for their resource potential due to their enrichment in valuable metals in some regions. This study focuses on the Southern California Borderland (SCB), an area characterized by uneven and heterogeneous topography featuring FeMn crusts, phosphorites, basalt, and sedimentary rocks that occur at varying depths and are exposed to a range of oxygen concentrations. Due to its heterogeneity, this region serves as an optimal setting for investigating the relationship between mineral-rich hardgrounds and benthic fauna. This study characterizes the density, diversity, and community composition of macrofauna (&gt;300 μm) on hardgrounds as a function of substrate type and environment (depth and oxygen ranges). Rocks and their macrofauna were sampled quantitatively using remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) during expeditions in 2020 and 2021 at depths above, within, and below the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). A total of 3,555 macrofauna individuals were counted and 416 different morphospecies (excluding encrusting bryozoans and hydrozoans) were identified from 82 rocks at depths between 231 and 2,688 m. Average density for SCB macrofauna was 11.08 ± 0.87 ind. 200 cm</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;and mean Shannon-Wiener diversity per rock (H′</span><sub>[loge]</sub><span>) was 2.22 ± 0.07. A relationship was found between substrate type and macrofaunal communities. Phosphorite rocks had the highest H′ of the four substrates compared on a per-rock basis. However, when samples were pooled by substrate, FeMn crusts had the highest H′ and rarefaction diversity. Of all the environmental variables examined, water depth explained the largest variance in macrofaunal community composition. Macrofaunal density and diversity values were similar at sites within and outside the OMZ. This study is the first to analyze the macrofaunal communities of mineral-rich hardgrounds in the SCB, which support deep-ocean biodiversity by acting as specialized substrates for macrofaunal communities. Understanding the intricate relationships between macrofaunal assemblages and mineral-rich substrates may inform effects from environmental disruptions associated with deep-seabed mining or climate change. The findings contribute baseline information useful for effective conservation and management of the SCB and will support scientists in monitoring changes in these communities due to environmental disturbance or human impact in the future.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18290","usgsCitation":"Guraieb, M., Mendoza, G., Mizell, K., Rouse, G.W., McCarthy, R., Pereira, O.S., and Levin, L.A., 2024, Deep-ocean macrofaunal assemblages on ferromanganese and phosphorite-rich substrates in the Southern California Borderland: PeerJ, v. 12, e18290, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18290.","productDescription":"e18290, 33 p.","ipdsId":"IP-166431","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18290","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":463531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern California Borderlands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              31.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              31.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              34\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guraieb, Michelle","contributorId":345846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guraieb","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38264,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mendoza, Guillermo F","contributorId":156382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendoza","given":"Guillermo F","affiliations":[{"id":13502,"text":"US Army Corps of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mizell, Kira 0000-0002-5066-787X kmizell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-787X","contributorId":4914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mizell","given":"Kira","email":"kmizell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rouse, Gregory W.","contributorId":345848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rouse","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":38264,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCarthy, R.A.","contributorId":345849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarthy","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38264,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pereira, Olivia S.","contributorId":340132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pereira","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":38264,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Levin, Lisa A.","contributorId":330607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levin","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38264,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70260667,"text":"70260667 - 2024 - Intraspecific trait variability in wild populations predicts neither variability nor performance in a common garden","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-07T16:27:56.083186","indexId":"70260667","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intraspecific trait variability in wild populations predicts neither variability nor performance in a common garden","docAbstract":"<p><span>Dryland restoration requires plant materials capable of performing well despite difficult growing conditions. Selecting plant materials with higher intraspecific trait variability (ITV) may support successful outcomes by enhancing the performance of those materials in restoration settings. However, maintaining ITV from wild populations is not well understood and requires further investigation if ITV is to be incorporated into native plant materials, which are often developed from wild-collected seed grown in agricultural settings. We used two perennial plant species to explore whether (1) ITV measured at field sites predicts ITV in a common garden, (2) rankings of ITV among populations remain stable over time, and (3) higher levels of ITV promote survival and reproductive effort in a common garden. We measured ITV in specific leaf area and height for&nbsp;</span><i>Bouteloua curtipendula</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Heterotheca villosa</i><span>&nbsp;at field sites and over 2 years in a common garden, as well as survival and flower production in the common garden. We also calculated climate distance between field sites, where seeds were originally sourced, and the common garden to account for the impact of climatic differences on ITV. We found that (1) ITV measured at field sites did not predict ITV in the common garden, (2) rankings of ITV across populations were inconsistent, and (3) relationships between ITV and performance were rare and differed by species. Our findings indicate that the utility of ITV in wild populations as a predictive tool may be limited.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.14322","usgsCitation":"Samuel, E.M., Mitchell, R., Winkler, D.E., Davidson, Z.M., Lencioni, S.J., and Massatti, R., 2024, Intraspecific trait variability in wild populations predicts neither variability nor performance in a common garden: Restoration Ecology, e14322, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14322.","productDescription":"e14322, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-164808","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14322","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":463786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Samuel, Ella M.","contributorId":346114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Samuel","given":"Ella","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":82776,"text":"School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, 624 S. Knoles Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":918135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, Rachel M.","contributorId":300516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Rachel M.","affiliations":[{"id":65185,"text":"School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":918136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winkler, Daniel E. 0000-0003-4825-9073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-9073","contributorId":206786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davidson, Zoe M.","contributorId":346115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davidson","given":"Zoe","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":82777,"text":"Bureau of Land Management New Mexico State Office, 301 Dinosaur Trail, Santa Fe, NM 87508","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":918138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lencioni, Shannon Joy 0000-0002-7267-7585","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7267-7585","contributorId":346116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lencioni","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"Joy","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Massatti, Robert","contributorId":219513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massatti","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70259581,"text":"fs20243029 - 2024 - Developments in African industrial minerals for renewable energy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T21:16:35.700196","indexId":"fs20243029","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-29T13:20:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-3029","displayTitle":"Developments in African Industrial Minerals for Renewable Energy","title":"Developments in African industrial minerals for renewable energy","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction&nbsp;</h1><p>Africa is emerging as a leading source for minerals used in the manufacture of batteries for electric vehicles and in other renewable energy applications. New graphite, lithium, and rare-earth mines have or could be opened in African countries from 2017 through 2026.</p><p>Estimates of production capacities for graphite, lithium, and rare-earth mines for 2023 and beyond are based upon supply-side assumptions, such as announced plans for new capacity construction and bankable feasibility studies, as well as projected trends that could affect current producing facilities in 2023 and planned new facilities projected to come online by 2026. Forward-looking information, including estimates of future production capacities, graphite flake distributions, and timing of the start of operations, are subject to risk factors and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ significantly from expected outcomes. Projects listed in this report are presented as an indication of industry plans and are not a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) prediction of what will take place. Only projects with planned startup dates are included in this report; ther graphite, lithium, and rare-earth projects in Africa without startup dates were known to be in various stages of development but are not included in this fact sheet.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20243029","usgsCitation":"Yager, T., 2024, Developments in African industrial minerals for renewable energy: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2024–3029, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20243029","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-153789","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":463121,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20243029/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2024-3029 HTML"},{"id":463122,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3029/fs20243029.XML","description":"FS 2024-3029 XML"},{"id":463123,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3029/images"},{"id":462885,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3029/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":462886,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3029/fs20243029.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2024-3029 PDF"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -23.381408491331456,\n              38.850454189324125\n            ],\n            [\n              -23.381408491331456,\n              -38.520184226294504\n            ],\n            [\n              53.96234150866863,\n              -38.520184226294504\n            ],\n            [\n              53.96234150866863,\n              38.850454189324125\n            ],\n            [\n              -23.381408491331456,\n              38.850454189324125\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center\">National Minerals Information Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>988 National Center<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>Reston, VA 20192<br>Email: <a href=\"mailto:nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov\">nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Graphite</li><li>Lithium</li><li>Rare Earths</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2024-10-29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Thomas 0000-0002-4785-8069","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4785-8069","contributorId":345143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70263724,"text":"70263724 - 2024 - A habitat suitability model for testing and refining the range of Zuni fleabane, a threatened plant species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-20T14:32:28.399001","indexId":"70263724","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-23T08:28:42","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":27,"text":"Preprint"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":32,"text":"Preprint"},"seriesTitle":{"id":18754,"text":"EcoEvoRxiv","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":32}},"title":"A habitat suitability model for testing and refining the range of Zuni fleabane, a threatened plant species","docAbstract":"<p><span>Land managers and conservation practitioners need practical tools to protect rare species in light of rapidly changing climate and land use patterns. Habitat suitability models are tools that can inform multiple-use land management decisions and target conservation actions. The narrow endemic Zuni fleabane, Erigeron rhizomatus, occurs on lands managed for multiple uses and was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1985 due to the main threat of surface mining. Despite intermittent surveys in recent decades, managers still do not have a comprehensive understanding of suitable habitat characteristics or the geographic extent of suitable habitat across its range. We developed and field-validated a habitat suitability model for Zuni fleabane using an iterative, ensemble approach. We tested the null hypothesis that the model would not identify major new populations outside the known range but rather assist in refining the boundaries of known suitable habitat. We also set out to improve our understanding of biotic and abiotic characteristics that define suitable habitat across geographically distant metapopulations. Our model identified areas with low, medium, high, and very high probability of containing suitable habitat. We identified a new metapopulation beyond the three known (disproving our null hypothesis) as well as additional suitable habitat within the previously known regions. This model predicts where Zuni fleabane habitat likely occurs and may help land managers and conservation practitioners identify new populations, survey habitat at fine scales, avoid impacts from multiple-use management activities, and recover this threatened species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"EcoEvoRxiv","doi":"10.32942/X2CG98","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C.S., Carter, S.K., Chavez, A., Handley, P., Hayes, B., Hayes, C., Reimer, C., Reiss, S., Rowe, E., Sandbom, K., and Whipple, S.E., 2024, A habitat suitability model for testing and refining the range of Zuni fleabane, a threatened plant species: EcoEvoRxiv, https://doi.org/10.32942/X2CG98.","productDescription":"35 p.","ipdsId":"IP-171082","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x2cg98","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482258,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Sarah K. 0000-0003-3778-8615","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-8615","contributorId":192418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chavez, Andrea N.","contributorId":346488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chavez","given":"Andrea N.","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Handley, Paige E.","contributorId":346489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Handley","given":"Paige E.","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayes, Brandon","contributorId":337154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80983,"text":"Student Services Contractor to USGS FORT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayes, Charles L.","contributorId":328698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"Charles L.","affiliations":[{"id":78463,"text":"NM Dept. of Game & Fish","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reimer, Cameron Joseph 0000-0002-2058-0538","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2058-0538","contributorId":346490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"Cameron Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reiss, Samantha L.","contributorId":346491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reiss","given":"Samantha L.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rowe, Erika R.","contributorId":346492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rowe","given":"Erika R.","affiliations":[{"id":82880,"text":"New Mexico Energy Minerals and Natural Resources Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sandbom, Katie L.","contributorId":346493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandbom","given":"Katie L.","affiliations":[{"id":27594,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Whipple, Sarah E. 0000-0001-9280-1195","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9280-1195","contributorId":343558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whipple","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70204905,"text":"70204905 - 2024 - Amphibian monitoring in hardwood forests: Optimizing methods for contaminant‐based compensatory restorations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-23T15:46:04.499216","indexId":"70204905","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-22T11:18:59","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amphibian monitoring in hardwood forests: Optimizing methods for contaminant‐based compensatory restorations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Amphibians such as frogs, toads, and salamanders provide important services in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and have been proposed as useful indicators of progress and success for ecological restoration projects. Limited guidance is available, however, on the costs and benefits of different amphibian monitoring techniques that might be applied to sites restored in compensation for contaminant injury. We used a variety of methods to document the amphibian communities present at 4 restored bottomland hardwood sites in Indiana, USA, and to compare the information return and cost of each method. For 1 method—automated recording units—we also modeled the effect of varying levels of sampling effort on the number of species detected, using sample-based rarefaction and Bayesian nonlinear (Michaelis–Menten) mixed effects models. We detected 13 amphibian species across the restored sites, including 2 species of conservation concern in Indiana—northern leopard frogs (</span><i>Lithobates pipiens</i><span>) and Blanchard's cricket frogs (</span><i>Acris blanchardi</i><span>). Sites across a range of restoration ages demonstrated encouraging returns of amphibian communities. Although more mature sites showed greater species richness, recently restored sites still provided important habitat for amphibians, including species of conservation concern. Among the 4 methods compared, amphibian rapid assessment yielded the highest number of species detected and the greatest catch per unit effort, with the lowest per-site cost. Our analysis of level-of-effort effects in the rarefied acoustic data found that number of nights sampled was a better predictor of observed species richness than the number of hours sampled within a night or minutes sampled within an hour. These data will assist restoration practitioners in selecting amphibian monitoring methods appropriate for their site characteristics and budget.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4202","usgsCitation":"Kunz, B.K., Waddle, H., and Green, N., 2024, Amphibian monitoring in hardwood forests: Optimizing methods for contaminant‐based compensatory restorations: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 20, no. 6, p. 1939-1953, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4202.","productDescription":"15 p.; Data Release","startPage":"1939","endPage":"1953","ipdsId":"IP-105759","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466831,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4202","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437373,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SFRUZJ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Amphibian monitoring data collected from Indiana hardwood forests, 2015-2016"},{"id":366853,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.78125,\n              40.613952441166596\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.825439453125,\n              40.613952441166596\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.825439453125,\n              41.74672584176937\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.78125,\n              41.74672584176937\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.78125,\n              40.613952441166596\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunz, Bethany K. 0000-0002-7193-9336 bkunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-9336","contributorId":3798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"Bethany","email":"bkunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddle, Hardin 0000-0003-1940-2133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":201976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Hardin","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-8538-4191","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8538-4191","contributorId":202040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Nicholas S.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70259688,"text":"70259688 - 2024 - New occurrences of the rare, REE minerals daqingshanite, törnebohmite, biraite, sahamalite, and ferriperbøeite from the Sheep Creek area, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-19T13:20:12.041976","indexId":"70259688","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-18T08:18:47","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5207,"text":"Minerals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New occurrences of the rare, REE minerals daqingshanite, törnebohmite, biraite, sahamalite, and ferriperbøeite from the Sheep Creek area, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"<div class=\"html-p\">Over 30 small, discontinuous, tabular carbonatite bodies are located in the Sheep Creek area, Ravalli County, southwest Montana. The age and origin of these REE-Nb-rich deposits are currently being investigated. The purpose of this paper is to document the occurrence of several rare minerals, including daqingshanite, törnebohmite, biraite, sahamalite, and ferriperbøeite, in two of the carbonatite bodies. These minerals are found in association with monazite, hydroxylbastnäsite, ferriallanite, calcite, dolomite, baryte, quartz, actinolite, apatite, celsian, and Sr-rich aragonite. Automated SEM-EDS was used to target the areas of interest in polished specimens for more detailed spot SEM-EDS and electron probe microanalysis. Raman spectra were also acquired for each of the rare minerals. The complex mineralogy of the Sheep Creek carbonatites is most likely due to several overlapping thermal events, including primary magmatic, overprinting hydrothermal, and supergene weathering stages. The rare minerals described in this study are believed to be hydrothermal and/or carbothermal in origin, although no estimates of temperature are available at this time.</div><div id=\"html-keywords\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/min14101047","usgsCitation":"Gammons, C.H., Risedorf, S., Wyss, G., and Lowers, H.A., 2024, New occurrences of the rare, REE minerals daqingshanite, törnebohmite, biraite, sahamalite, and ferriperbøeite from the Sheep Creek area, Montana, USA: Minerals, v. 14, no. 10, 1047, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/min14101047.","productDescription":"1047, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-169452","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14101047","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":463042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Sheep Creek Area","volume":"14","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gammons, Chris","contributorId":140801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gammons","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":13574,"text":"Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Butte, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risedorf, Sarah","contributorId":345306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Risedorf","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49605,"text":"Montana Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wyss, Gary","contributorId":345308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wyss","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49605,"text":"Montana Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":191307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":916243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70259454,"text":"pp1890K - 2024 - Temporal, spatial, and chemical evolution of Quaternary high-silica rhyolites in the Mineral Mountains, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70259454,"text":"pp1890K - 2024 - Temporal, spatial, and chemical evolution of Quaternary high-silica rhyolites in the Mineral Mountains, Utah","indexId":"pp1890K","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","displayTitle":"Temporal, Spatial, and Chemical Evolution of Quaternary High-Silica Rhyolites in the Mineral Mountains, Utah","title":"Temporal, spatial, and chemical evolution of Quaternary high-silica rhyolites in the Mineral Mountains, Utah"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70259456,"text":"pp1890 - 2024 - Distributed volcanism—Characteristics, processes, and hazards","indexId":"pp1890","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"title":"Distributed volcanism—Characteristics, processes, and hazards"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70259456,"text":"pp1890 - 2024 - Distributed volcanism—Characteristics, processes, and hazards","indexId":"pp1890","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"title":"Distributed volcanism—Characteristics, processes, and hazards"},"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-03T20:27:27.872267","indexId":"pp1890K","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-17T13:05:39","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1890","chapter":"K","displayTitle":"Temporal, Spatial, and Chemical Evolution of Quaternary High-Silica Rhyolites in the Mineral Mountains, Utah","title":"Temporal, spatial, and chemical evolution of Quaternary high-silica rhyolites in the Mineral Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The Mineral Mountains in southwestern Utah are a structurally controlled core complex at the confluence of the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range physiographic provinces. Aside from hosting Utah’s largest batholith, the Mineral Mountains host some of the State’s youngest high-silica rhyolites, which have been linked to a magma source that is presently being utilized as an enhanced geothermal system. The high-silica rhyolites take the form of effusive lavas and domes, and explosive products are rare. Previous K-Ar dating of these Pleistocene rhyolites placed eruptions between about 790 and 500 kilo-annum (ka) with contemporaneous basalts erupting in the valley to the east of the Mineral Mountains. Large uncertainties on these ages obscured the tempo of eruptions and thus hindered attempts to constrain the timescales of the petrogenetic processes that produced the rhyolites. In this study, we build on previous studies conducted in the 1970s and 1980s by using new geochronologic and geochemical data to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of the youngest phase of volcanism in the Mineral Mountains. We identify two major eruptive periods, from approximately 850 to 750 ka and from approximately 590 to 480 ka. The older phase is characterized by the eruption of several basaltic lavas, two obsidian flows, and a series of coalescing porphyritic rhyolite domes. The younger phase included the eruption of six evolved high-silica rhyolite domes and one pyroclastic deposit, followed by the eruption of trachyandesite in the adjacent valley to the east. Whole-rock geochemical data indicate that the rhyolites can be divided into three chemical groups, with more evolved compositions erupting through time. The youngest rhyolites along the range crest have the lowest total iron and TiO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and the highest incompatible element concentrations, indicative of increasing differentiation with time and elevation. Improved precision on the eruption ages indicates a recurrence interval of approximately 20 thousand years. The eruptive flux for both periods of rhyolitic volcanism is about 0.01 cubic kilometers per thousand years, which is less than the magma resurgence flux rates for syn-caldera and post-caldera eruptions of the Valles Caldera and Yellowstone Caldera volcanic systems. Collectively, these geochemical, geochronological, and volumetric data may facilitate a better understanding of heat flux and the longevity of magmatic sources related to geothermal resources in similar small-volume, silicic systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1890K","usgsCitation":"Rivera, T.A., Jicha, B.R., Kirby, S., and Peacock, H.B., 2024, Temporal, spatial, and chemical evolution of Quaternary high-silica rhyolites in the Mineral Mountains, Utah, chap. K <i>of</i> Poland, M.P., Ort, M.H., Stovall, W.K., Vaughan, G.R., Connor, C.B., and Rumpf, M.E., eds., Distributed volcanism—Characteristics, processes, and hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1890, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1890K.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-154539","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497878,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117732.htm"},{"id":462712,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/k/covrthb.png"},{"id":462713,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/k/pp1890k.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Professional Paper 1890-K PDF"},{"id":500729,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/k/images"},{"id":500728,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/k/pp1890K.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"Professional Paper 1890-K XML"},{"id":500727,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1890K/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Professional Paper 1890-K HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.1,\n              38.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.5,\n              38.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.5,\n              39.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.1,\n              39.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.1,\n              38.2\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center/connect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center/connect\">Director</a>,<br><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center\">Volcano Science Center</a><br><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>4230 University Drive<br>Anchorage, AK 99508</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Materials and Methods</li><li>Results</li><li>Discussion</li><li>Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2024-10-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rivera, Tiffany A.","contributorId":345035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rivera","given":"Tiffany A.","affiliations":[{"id":16946,"text":"Westminster College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jicha, Brian R. 0000-0002-1228-515X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1228-515X","contributorId":229557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jicha","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, Stefan","contributorId":345036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stefan","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peacock, Hannah B.","contributorId":345037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peacock","given":"Hannah","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6976,"text":"University of California, Irvine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70259202,"text":"sir20245062F - 2024 - Streams, springs, and volcanic lakes for volcano monitoring","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70259202,"text":"sir20245062F - 2024 - Streams, springs, and volcanic lakes for volcano monitoring","indexId":"sir20245062F","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","displayTitle":"Streams, Springs, and Volcanic Lakes for Volcano Monitoring","title":"Streams, springs, and volcanic lakes for volcano monitoring"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70259167,"text":"sir20245062 - 2024 - Recommended capabilities and instrumentation for volcano monitoring in the United States","indexId":"sir20245062","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"title":"Recommended capabilities and instrumentation for volcano monitoring in the United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70259167,"text":"sir20245062 - 2024 - Recommended capabilities and instrumentation for volcano monitoring in the United States","indexId":"sir20245062","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"title":"Recommended capabilities and instrumentation for volcano monitoring in the United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-17T20:36:12.820796","indexId":"sir20245062F","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-04T10:25:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-5062","chapter":"F","displayTitle":"Streams, Springs, and Volcanic Lakes for Volcano Monitoring","title":"Streams, springs, and volcanic lakes for volcano monitoring","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1><p>Volcanic unrest can trigger appreciable change to surface waters such as streams, springs, and volcanic lakes. Magma degassing produces gases and soluble salts that are absorbed into groundwater that feeds streams and lakes. As magma ascends, the amount of heat and degassing will increase, and so will any related geochemical and thermal signal. Subsurface magma movement can cause pressurization that alters hydrostatic head and may induce groundwater discharge. Fluid-pressure changes have been linked to distal volcano-tectonic earthquakes (White and McCausland, 2016; Coulon and others, 2017) and phreatic eruptions (for example, Yamaoka and others, 2016). Clearly, changes in groundwater and surface waters are both indicators of unrest and clues to how and where magma is rising toward the surface. Where possible, it is prudent to incorporate real-time hydrologic data into multiparameter monitoring of restless volcanoes. Hydrologic dynamics can also be tracked by changes in groundwater levels that are commonly measured in shallow boreholes (see <a data-mce-href=\"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245062K\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245062K\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Hurwitz, S., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2024, Special topic—Boreholes, chap. K <i>of</i> Flinders, A.F., Lowenstern, J.B., Coombs, M.L., and Poland, M.P., eds., Recommended capabilities and instrumentation for volcano monitoring in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5062–K, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245062k. \">chapter K</a>, this volume, on boreholes; Hurwitz and Lowenstern, 2024).</p><p>Although inferred to be common, relatively few volcano-hydrology anomalies are well documented, and many are essentially anecdotal (Newhall and others, 2001), reflecting the fact that high-resolution time series remain rare. Extreme examples include the 2008 eruption of Nevado del Huila, Colombia, where relatively minor phreatomagmatic eruptions were accompanied by expulsion of as much as 300 million cubic meters of groundwater from fissures high on the volcano (Worni and others, 2011), generating large lahars. Substantial decreases in flow rate from springs about 8 kilometers from the summit of Mayon Volcano, Philippines, have been noted before most eruptions in the 20th century (Newhall and others, 2001). Stream monitoring at Redoubt Volcano in 2009 allowed Werner and others (2012) to recognize that groundwater was unable to absorb (or scrub) the high flux of volcanic gas and that a high CO<sub>2</sub>/SO<sub>2</sub> precursor signal had been evident for 5 months prior to the eruption. A key to better interpreting hydrologic anomalies—or even identifying them—is therefore obtaining adequate baseline data.</p><p>Most hydrologic monitoring at U.S. volcanoes has been accomplished by intermittent sampling surveys with annual or less frequent sampling (for example, <a data-mce-href=\"https://hotspringchem.wr.usgs.gov/index.php\" href=\"https://hotspringchem.wr.usgs.gov/index.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https://hotspringchem.wr.usgs.gov/index.php</a>). More frequent sampling, however, generally is needed to establish reliable baselines. A recent hydrologic and hydrothermal monitoring experiment at 25 sites and 10 of the 12 level 4 (very high threat) volcanoes in the U.S. portion of the Cascade Range demonstrated that there is sufficient temporal variability in hydrothermal fluxes, even during quiescent periods, that one-time measurements will commonly have limited interpretive value (Crankshaw and others, 2018). Thus, surveys are best augmented with data from streamgages (for example, Evans and others, 2004; Bergfeld and others, 2008). Streamflow (water discharge) data allow measured temperature and specific conductance to be converted to heat and solute mass fluxes, which could be insightful parameters for detecting anomalous activity (McCleskey and others, 2012). At the Yellowstone Caldera, long-term monitoring of river solutes has allowed calculation of the chloride flux, a proxy for heat discharge (Hurwitz and others, 2007; McCleskey and others, 2016) from the subsurface magma. This is readily accomplished because data from streamgages are continuously recorded and archived by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS) (USGS, 2024).</p><p>Similar studies on stratovolcanoes or shield volcanoes would be scientifically useful, and yet are logistically challenging, requiring streamgages on numerous radial drainages complemented by either frequent manual sampling or numerous deployments of equipment to measure water temperature and specific conductance as a proxy for water chemistry. Another challenge is that some volcanic areas, especially shield volcanoes, are characterized by near-surface porous rocks and soils, such that surface streams are rare and replaced by distant, dilute large-volume springs with only a trace of any original volcanically sourced water (Manga, 2001; Hurwitz and others, 2021).</p><p>Volcanic lakes are worthy of special attention for monitoring efforts, as their temperature and composition can provide evidence of increased flux of volatile-rich fluids from below. Quantifying changes in volatile and heat release from magma can be simpler in lakes than for volcanoes with radial drainages and no major lakes. Moreover, volcanic lakes pose a range of hazards themselves, including phreatomagmatic eruptions, debris flows, flank collapse, tsunamis, and toxic gas release (Mastin and Witter, 2000; Delmelle and others, 2015; Manville, 2015; Rouwet and others, 2015)—hazards that have historically been responsible for substantial loss of life at many volcanoes worldwide (Manville, 2015). Catastrophic CO<sub>2</sub> release at Lake Nyos, Cameroon, in 1986 suffocated about 1,750 people and about 3,500 livestock and was probably triggered by a large landslide into the gas-saturated lake (Kling and others, 1987; Evans and others, 1993). Gas-charged springs in Soda Bay within Clear Lake (California) have caused almost a dozen deaths to bathers in the past hundred years (ABC News, 2000). A 2005 example of lake overturn and abundant gas release was documented at Mount Chiginagak in Alaska (Schaefer and others, 2008) but did not result in any human casualties. Although thermally stratified lakes, which promote trapping of exsolved magmatic gas, tend to develop in tropical regions, the phenomenon can also arise where salinity creates meromixis (a condition in which a lake does not mix completely), as occurs in Mono Lake, California (Jellison and Melack, 1993; Jellison and others, 1998).</p><p>If magma erupts or flows into a lake, the interaction between hot magma and cold water can be explosive (Mastin and others, 2004; Zimanowski and others, 2015) and substantially expand the area affected by the eruption. Another hazard is the breaching of crater rims by landslides triggered by volcanic and (or) seismic activity. Under some circumstances, substantial volumes of water can be displaced, leading to large floods and lahars. Late Holocene lake flooding from Aniakchak Crater in the Alaska Peninsula (Waythomas, 2022) and from Paulina Lake in Newberry Crater, Oregon (Chitwood and Jensen, 2000), caused by the failure of outlet sills, testify to the substantial hazards at lake-filled calderas.</p><p>Several volcanic systems in the United States host lakes known to receive heat and gas from underlying magma. These lakes vary widely in area, depth, and chemical composition. Lakes are present at level 4 volcanoes, including Crater Lake and Newberry Volcano in Oregon; Yellowstone Caldera in Wyoming; Long Valley Caldera, Clear Lake volcanic field, Medicine Lake, and Salton Buttes in California; and Aniakchak Crater, Mount Katmai, Fisher Caldera, Mount Okmok, and Kaguyak Crater, among others, in Alaska. A water lake was present in Halemaʻumaʻu, the crater of Kīlauea, Hawai‘i (fig. F1), from October 2019 to December 2020. Level 3 volcanoes with lakes include Mono Lake volcanic field (Calif.), Mount Bachelor (Ore.), Ukinrek Maars and Mount Chiginagak (Alaska), and Soda Lake (Nevada). In addition, there are lakes at many levels 1 and 2 volcanoes. In the United States, there are no strongly acidic lakes that receive abundant input of magmatic gas, such as those found at Mount Ruapehu (New Zealand), Ijen and Kelud (Indonesia), and Poás (Costa Rica). Nevertheless, many contain fluids that provide clues to magmatic processes below.</p><p>Since publication of a previous report on recommended instrumentation for volcano monitoring (Moran and others, 2008), continuous hydrologic monitoring has become increasingly feasible. However, changes in water pressure, temperature, and chemistry remain, in general, poorly studied phenomena at volcanoes (Sparks, 2003; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2017). Recent efforts by the USGS have included the temporary study of Cascade Range volcanoes, which included frequent (15 minute to hourly) temporal sampling of temperature, depth, and conductivity (Crankshaw and others, 2018; Ingebritsen and Evans, 2019). At Yellowstone Caldera, many streamgages have now added thermistors and specific conductance sensors, allowing estimation of time-dependent chloride flux as a proxy for variations in subsurface heat flux (McCleskey and others, 2012, 2016). Efforts to better understand lakes have also accelerated, with bathymetric mapping and sampling carried out at several locations in the United States. Especially thorough work was done at Yellowstone Lake thanks to the Hydrothermal Dynamics of Yellowstone Lake (HD-YLAKE, <a data-mce-href=\"https://hdylake.org\" href=\"https://hdylake.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https://hdylake.org</a>) project, funded primarily by the National Science Foundation. In addition to geophysical surveys and recovery of cores and other samples, HD-YLAKE investigations included remotely operated vehicle (ROV) investigations of hydrothermal vents on the lake floor (fig. F2). Data collected by the ROV provided a better understanding of the thermal and chemical influx from lake-bottom hydrothermal systems (Sohn and others, 2017).</p><p>In this chapter, we focus on detecting changes in the chemistry, temperature, discharge, or water levels of streams, springs, and lakes that can be caused by seismicity, volumetric strains, or increases in gas flux associated with ascending magma. There is unavoidable overlap with other chapters of this report. Samples of water and gas can also be obtained in boreholes (<a data-mce-href=\"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245062k\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245062k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Hurwitz, S., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2024, Special topic—Boreholes, chap. K <i>of</i> Flinders, A.F., Lowenstern, J.B., Coombs, M.L., and Poland, M.P., eds., Recommended capabilities and instrumentation for volcano monitoring in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5062–K, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245062k. \">chapter K</a>, this volume; Hurwitz and Lowenstern, 2024), both shallow and deep. Gas monitoring (<a data-mce-href=\"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245062e\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245062e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Lewicki, J.L., Kern, C., Kelly, P.J., Nadeau, P.A., Elias, T., and Clor, L.E., 2024, Volcanic gas monitoring, chap. E <i>of</i> Flinders, A.F., Lowenstern, J.B., Coombs, M.L., and Poland, M.P., eds., Recommended capabilities and instrumentation for volcano monitoring in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5062–E, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245062e.\">chapter E</a>, this volume; Lewicki and others, 2024) relies in part on samples from springs and wells, particularly where measurable gas plumes are absent. Water acts as a trigger and lubricant for landslides and sediment-rich floods, and so hydrology has obvious relevance for lahar monitoring, as discussed in <a data-mce-href=\"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245062h\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245062h\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Thelen, W.A., Lyons, J.J., Iezzi, A.M., and Moran, S.C., 2024, Monitoring lahars, chap. H <i>of</i> Flinders, A.F., Lowenstern, J.B., Coombs, M.L., and Poland, M.P., eds., Recommended capabilities and instrumentation for volcano monitoring in the United  States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5062–H, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245062h. \">chapter H</a> (this volume; Thelen and others, 2024). Shared situational awareness among scientists engaged in geophysical, gas, and hydrologic monitoring will improve overall understanding of the volcanic hazard.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245062F","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., and Hurwitz, S., 2024, Streams, springs, and volcanic lakes for volcano monitoring, chap. F <i>of</i> Flinders, A.F., Lowenstern, J.B., Coombs, M.L., and Poland, M.P., eds., Recommended capabilities and instrumentation for volcano monitoring in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5062–F, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245062F.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-149695","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462449,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5062/f/covrthbf.jpg"},{"id":462450,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5062/f/sir20245062f.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center/connect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center/connect\">Director</a>,<br><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center\">Volcano Science Center</a><br><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>4230 University Drive<br>Anchorage, AK 99508</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Instrumentation Relevant to Streams, Springs, and Lakes</li><li>Recommended Capabilities</li><li>General Recommendations and Considerations</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2024-10-04","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}