{"pageNumber":"7","pageRowStart":"150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":198,"records":[{"id":4252,"text":"cir1047 - 1990 - Chemistry and mineralogy of natural bitumens and heavy oils and their reservoir rocks from the United States, Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:37","indexId":"cir1047","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1047","title":"Chemistry and mineralogy of natural bitumens and heavy oils and their reservoir rocks from the United States, Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela","docAbstract":"Twenty-one samples from natural bitumen and heavy oil deposits in seven States of the United States and six samples from outside the United States form the basis of this initial study. This Circular gives the mineral content of the reservoir rock, the trace-element distribution in the reservoir rock and hydrocarbons, and the composition of the heavy oil and natural bitumen. \r\n\r\nThe reservoir rock and sediment residues from California contain more trace-element maximum amounts than any of the other rock samples. These relatively high concentrations of trace elements may be due, in part, to the low quartz content of the rock and to the presence of heulandite, cristobalite, siderite, and pyrite. The reservoir rock and sediment residues from Oklahoma contain more minimum amounts of trace elements than any of the other rock samples. This pattern probably results from the large amount of quartz in four of the samples and a large amount of calcite in the other sample. \r\n\r\nThe maximum and minimum amounts of trace elements in the bitumen and heavy oil do not correlate with those in the reservoir rocks. The bitumen from Utah contains the greatest number of trace-element maxima, whereas there is no trend in the trace-element minima in the bitumen and heavy oil.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir1047","usgsCitation":"Hosterman, J.W., Meyer, R.F., Palmer, C., Doughten, M., and Anders, D., 1990, Chemistry and mineralogy of natural bitumens and heavy oils and their reservoir rocks from the United States, Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1047, iv, 19 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1047.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1990/1047/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31365,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1990/1047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b791","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hosterman, John W.","contributorId":48962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosterman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, R. F.","contributorId":52167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmer, C.A.","contributorId":81894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doughten, M. W.","contributorId":101648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doughten","given":"M. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anders, D.E.","contributorId":28960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":20905,"text":"ofr9016 - 1990 - Mineral occurrences of the Guiana Shield, Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:50","indexId":"ofr9016","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-16","title":"Mineral occurrences of the Guiana Shield, Venezuela","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9016","usgsCitation":"Sidder, G., 1990, Mineral occurrences of the Guiana Shield, Venezuela: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-16, 28 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9016.","productDescription":"28 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0016/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50498,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0016/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50499,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8d89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sidder, G.B.","contributorId":89150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidder","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20904,"text":"ofr90231 - 1990 - Geology, geochemistry, and mineral resources of the upper Caura River area, Bolivar State, Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:50","indexId":"ofr90231","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-231","title":"Geology, geochemistry, and mineral resources of the upper Caura River area, Bolivar State, Venezuela","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr90231","usgsCitation":"Sidder, G., and Martinez, F., 1990, Geology, geochemistry, and mineral resources of the upper Caura River area, Bolivar State, Venezuela: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-231, ii, 29 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90231.","productDescription":"ii, 29 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0231/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50497,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0231/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sidder, G.B.","contributorId":89150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidder","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinez, Felix","contributorId":45738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"Felix","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70124932,"text":"70124932 - 1990 - The nesting behavior of the Green Iguana, Iguana iguana, in the llanos of Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-12T11:02:11","indexId":"70124932","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T10:59:55","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":751,"text":"Amphibia-Reptilia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The nesting behavior of the Green Iguana, Iguana iguana, in the llanos of Venezuela","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Amphibia-Reptilia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Societas Europaea Herpetologica","publisherLocation":"Wiesbaden","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G., and Grajal, A., 1990, The nesting behavior of the Green Iguana, Iguana iguana, in the llanos of Venezuela: Amphibia-Reptilia, v. 11, p. 31-39.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b2ae4b082fed288b99a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grajal, A.","contributorId":13557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grajal","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008562,"text":"1008562 - 1990 - Feeding chronology of juvenile piranhas, <i>Pygocentrus notatus</i>, in the Venezuelan llanos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-15T11:13:46","indexId":"1008562","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding chronology of juvenile piranhas, <i>Pygocentrus notatus</i>, in the Venezuelan llanos","docAbstract":"<p><span>During the 1988 rainy season, I studied the 24 h feeding chronology of juvenile (40&ndash;68 mm standard length) piranhas,&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Pygocentrus notatus</i><span>&nbsp;(Characidae: Serrasalminae) from a natural population inhabiting a small savanna stream in Apure State, Venezuela. Stomach contents analyses, supported by laboratory determinations of digestion rate, showed that these fish are primarily diurnal carnivores. Predatory activity on 4&ndash;5 August 1988 increased markedly after sunrise, peaked around 1100 h, and essentially stopped after sunset. Means of stomach content weight-to-fish weight ratios among the periods sampled were significantly different. Small fish were the major prey at all hours (81% of total prey volume). Underlying factors responsible for the observed 24 h feeding patterns were not investigated, but avoidance of predation by adult piranhas, which were very active near sunset, may have been important.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00000568","usgsCitation":"Nico, L., 1990, Feeding chronology of juvenile piranhas, <i>Pygocentrus notatus</i>, in the Venezuelan llanos: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 29, p. 51-57, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00000568.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5dfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nico, L.G. 0000-0002-4488-7737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":83052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008568,"text":"1008568 - 1990 - Distribution of annual fishes (Pisces-Rivulidae) in the Rio Unare basin, Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:38","indexId":"1008568","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":995,"text":"BioLlania","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of annual fishes (Pisces-Rivulidae) in the Rio Unare basin, Venezuela","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BioLlania","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Spanish","usgsCitation":"Thomerson, J., Taphorn, D., and Nico, L., 1990, Distribution of annual fishes (Pisces-Rivulidae) in the Rio Unare basin, Venezuela: BioLlania, v. 7, p. 33-38.","productDescription":"p. 33-38","startPage":"33","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomerson, J.E.","contributorId":6018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomerson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taphorn, D.C.","contributorId":32480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taphorn","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nico, L.G. 0000-0002-4488-7737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":83052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008548,"text":"1008548 - 1990 - Distribucion y abundancia del manati, Trichechus manatus, en Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:23","indexId":"1008548","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":995,"text":"BioLlania","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribucion y abundancia del manati, Trichechus manatus, en Venezuela","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BioLlania","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Correa-Viana, M., O'Shea, T., Ludlow, M., and Robinson, J., 1990, Distribucion y abundancia del manati, Trichechus manatus, en Venezuela: BioLlania, v. 7, p. 101-123.","productDescription":"p. 101-123","startPage":"101","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Correa-Viana, M.","contributorId":87491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Correa-Viana","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludlow, M.E.","contributorId":96208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludlow","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, J.G.","contributorId":7233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223657,"text":"5223657 - 1989 - Two new mammals from southern Venezuela and comments on the affinities of the highland fauna of Cerro de la Neblina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:38","indexId":"5223657","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:09","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":657,"text":"Advances in Neotropical Mammalogy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two new mammals from southern Venezuela and comments on the affinities of the highland fauna of Cerro de la Neblina","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Neotropical Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gardner, A.L., 1989, Two new mammals from southern Venezuela and comments on the affinities of the highland fauna of Cerro de la Neblina: Advances in Neotropical Mammalogy, v. 1989, p. 411-424.","productDescription":"411-424","startPage":"411","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1989","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623a06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, A. L.","contributorId":97213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"A.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2398,"text":"wsp2326A - 1989 - Sand waves, bars, and wind-blown sands of the Rio Orinoco, Venezuela and Colombia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"wsp2326A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2326","chapter":"A","title":"Sand waves, bars, and wind-blown sands of the Rio Orinoco, Venezuela and Colombia","docAbstract":"During March 1982, a reconnaissance study was carried out along a reach of the Rio Orinoco between Puerto Ayacucho and Ciudad Bolivar. This was the low-flow season. Samples of bed material and suspended sediments were collected, sonic records of the bed were obtained at several locations, and the exposed bars and sand waves were studied at four locations. Sounding records were obtained at two of these locations during June and November when flow covered the bars, and additional studies were made on the ground at some of these same sites during March 1983. The bed of the river is mostly sand with small quantities, about 5 percent by weight on average, of gravel. Suspended- sediment concentrations were low, ranging between 20 milligrams per liter above Rio Apure to almost 40 milligrams per liter below its confluence with the Rio Orinoco. The annual sediment load is estimated to be 240x10 6 megagrams per year. \r\n\r\nDuring the dry season, 35 percent or more of the bed is exposed in the form of large bars composed of many sand waves. Trade winds blow upriver and there is substantial upriver transport of river sediments by the wind. If the bars contain very coarse sands and fine gravel, deflation forms a lag deposit that armors the bar surface and prevents further erosion. Theoretical calculations show that the lower limit for the fraction of the bed that needs to be covered with nonmoving particles to prevent further erosion and the smallest size of the armor particles depend only on wind speed.\r\n\r\nCalculations of bed-material transport were made for a typical wide and narrow section of the river; the annual load, excluding the wash load, is about 30 x 10 6 megagrams per year. A new definition for wash load is proposed; it is material that can be suspended as soon as its motion is initiated. For the Rio Orinoco, this is material finer than 0.1 millimeters.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2326A","usgsCitation":"Nordin, C.F., and Perez-Hernandez, D., 1989, Sand waves, bars, and wind-blown sands of the Rio Orinoco, Venezuela and Colombia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2326, xii, 74 p. :ill. (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2326A.","productDescription":"xii, 74 p. :ill. (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2326a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28376,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2326a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b315","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordin, Carl F.","contributorId":68297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordin","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perez-Hernandez, David","contributorId":101647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez-Hernandez","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20906,"text":"ofr89564 - 1989 - A revised bibliography of the geology and mineral deposits of the Guayana Shield in Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Colombia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:50","indexId":"ofr89564","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-564","title":"A revised bibliography of the geology and mineral deposits of the Guayana Shield in Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Colombia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89564","usgsCitation":"Sidder, G., 1989, A revised bibliography of the geology and mineral deposits of the Guayana Shield in Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Colombia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-564, 78 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89564.","productDescription":"78 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0564/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50500,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0564/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b18e4b07f02db6a7315","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sidder, G.B.","contributorId":89150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidder","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18632,"text":"ofr89305 - 1989 - Bedrock geology and geochemistry of the Anacoco Sur II area, Bolivar State, Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:30","indexId":"ofr89305","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-305","title":"Bedrock geology and geochemistry of the Anacoco Sur II area, Bolivar State, Venezuela","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89305","usgsCitation":"Day, W.C., Martinez, L., and Quintana, E., 1989, Bedrock geology and geochemistry of the Anacoco Sur II area, Bolivar State, Venezuela: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-305, i, 14 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89305.","productDescription":"i, 14 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0305/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47972,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0305/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47973,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0305/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4f1ce4b0b290850f27e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, W. C.","contributorId":6876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinez, L.F.","contributorId":23567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quintana, Enot","contributorId":97929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quintana","given":"Enot","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2259,"text":"wsp2326B - 1989 - Sedimentary structures and textures of Rio Orinoco channel sands, Venezuela and Colombia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp2326B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2326","chapter":"B","title":"Sedimentary structures and textures of Rio Orinoco channel sands, Venezuela and Colombia","docAbstract":"Most sedimentary structures represented in sand bodies of the Rio Orinoco are tabular-planar cross-strata which, together with some wedge-planar cross-strata, are the products of sand-wave deposition. Locally, in areas of river meander where point bars characteristically form, trough structures forming festoon patterns are numerous. At a few localities, sets of nearly horizontal strata occur between tabular-planar sets and are interpreted to be the deposits of very fast currents of the upper flow regime; elsewhere, uncommon lenses and beds of silt, clay, or organic matter consisting of leaves and twigs, seem to be the result of quiet-water settling through gravity. \r\n\r\nBy far the most common grain size represented in the tabular-planar and wedge-planar cross-strata of the sandwave deposits is medium sand (? - ? millimeter) as determined by screen analyses. Many samples, however, also contain moderate quantities of coarse or very coarse sand. Eolian dunes on top of the sand-wave deposits are dominantly fine grained. The river channel sands were determined to be largely moderately well sorted, although in some places they were mostly well sorted, and in others, mostly moderately sorted.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2326B","usgsCitation":"McKee, E.D., 1989, Sedimentary structures and textures of Rio Orinoco channel sands, Venezuela and Colombia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2326, viii, 23 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2326B.","productDescription":"viii, 23 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2326b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28042,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2326b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbd46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Edwin Dinwiddie","contributorId":13207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"Dinwiddie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223699,"text":"5223699 - 1988 - The lost world of Venezuela.  An African Connection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:36","indexId":"5223699","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:04","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":750,"text":"Americas","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The lost world of Venezuela.  An African Connection","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Americas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Funk, V., and McDiarmid, R., 1988, The lost world of Venezuela.  An African Connection: Americas, v. 40, no. 50, p. 48-49.","productDescription":"48-49","startPage":"48","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aef9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, V.A.","contributorId":31876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDiarmid, R.W.","contributorId":15130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210946,"text":"5210946 - 1988 - The mammals of Parque Nacional Serrania de la Neblina, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5210946","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The mammals of Parque Nacional Serrania de la Neblina, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cerro de la Neblina.  Resultados de la Expedicion 1983-1987","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Fundacion para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Fisicas Matematicas y Naturales","publisherLocation":"Caracas, Venezuela","usgsCitation":"Gardner, A.L., 1988, The mammals of Parque Nacional Serrania de la Neblina, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela, chap. <i>of</i> Cerro de la Neblina.  Resultados de la Expedicion 1983-1987, p. 695-765.","productDescription":"viii + 922","startPage":"695","endPage":"765","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, A. L.","contributorId":97213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"A.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70121894,"text":"70121894 - 1988 - Distribution, status, and traditional significance of the West Indian manatee <i>Trichechus manatus</i> in Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-25T10:00:49","indexId":"70121894","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T09:58:12","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution, status, and traditional significance of the West Indian manatee <i>Trichechus manatus</i> in Venezuela","docAbstract":"Aerial and interview surveys were conducted in 1986 to determine the current distribution, status, and traditional significance of the West Indian manatee <i>Trichechus manatus</i> in Venezuela. Aerial surveys provided just eight tentative sightings in 73 hours of searching. These discouraging results may have been due to poor visibility, small populations, and perhaps reduced dry season manatee activity. Results of interview surveys, however, permitted a number of important generalizations. A remnant manatee population exists in Lake Maracaibo, but none occur along the more than 1500 km of Caribbean coastline. Abundance is greatest in eastern Venezuela bordering the Golfo de Paria, in the Orinoco Delta, and in the middle Orinoco and tributaries. Local market hunting in the middle of this century probably greatly reduced manatee populations in these areas. Recent protection laws, education efforts, and manatee scarcity have resulted in a declining interest in manatee hunting. Much excellent manatee habitat persists in these regions, and a continued decline in hunting could result in an optimistic outlook for future manatee populations if the incidental take in net fisheries is controlled. Traditional beliefs and legends concerning manatees in Venezuela, including hunting taboos, show that these animals remain a colorful part of the folk culture. However, manatee protection does not pose economic hardships or infringe upon traditional spiritual beliefs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Applied Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"Barking, Essex England","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(88)90030-4","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., Correa-Viana, M., Ludlow, M.E., and Robinson, J.G., 1988, Distribution, status, and traditional significance of the West Indian manatee <i>Trichechus manatus</i> in Venezuela: Biological Conservation, v. 46, no. 4, p. 281-301, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(88)90030-4.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"301","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292943,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(88)90030-4"},{"id":292944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Venezuela","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.35,0.65 ], [ -73.35,12.49 ], [ -59.81,12.49 ], [ -59.81,0.65 ], [ -73.35,0.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fc4dcbe4b0413fd75d6a8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":78071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Correa-Viana, Martin","contributorId":24703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Correa-Viana","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludlow, Mark E.","contributorId":24292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludlow","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, John G.","contributorId":34445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":15972,"text":"ofr88222 - 1987 - A Bibliography of the geology and mineral deposits for the Guayana Shield, Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:08","indexId":"ofr88222","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-222","title":"A Bibliography of the geology and mineral deposits for the Guayana Shield, Venezuela","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88222","usgsCitation":"Sidder, G., 1987, A Bibliography of the geology and mineral deposits for the Guayana Shield, Venezuela: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-222, 34 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88222.","productDescription":"34 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0222/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44935,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0222/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd494ce4b0b290850ef080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sidder, G.B.","contributorId":89150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidder","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014246,"text":"70014246 - 1987 - Geology of the Caribbean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T17:02:40","indexId":"70014246","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2931,"text":"Oceanus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Caribbean","docAbstract":"The Venezuelan and Colombian basins are located on the Caribbean Plate whilst the Yucatan basin is on the North American Plate. The processes occurring at the boundaries between the Caribbean Plate and the adjacent North American, South American and Cocos Plates, and the resulting surface features and patterns of volcanic and earthquake activity are described. Most of the Caribbean area is floored by atypical oceanic crust and its most valuable main geologic resources identified so far are petroleum, together with sand and gravel. Geological research is being carried out with techniques for broad-range swath imaging of the seafloor, such as GLORIA, and for directly measuring the movement between plates. -J.G.Harvey","language":"English","issn":"00298182","usgsCitation":"Dillon, W.P., Edgar, N., Scanlon, K.M., and Klitgord, K.D., 1987, Geology of the Caribbean: Oceanus, v. 30, no. 4, p. 42-52.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2538e4b0c8380cd5870c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":367934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edgar, N.T.","contributorId":35812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgar","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":367933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014786,"text":"70014786 - 1987 - Prospects for heavy crude oil development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T15:26:21.372335","indexId":"70014786","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1509,"text":"Energy Exploration & Exploitation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prospects for heavy crude oil development","docAbstract":"<div>The problems of utilizing heavy crude oil and natural bitumens centre on their high viscosity which makes them difficult to produce, store, transport, and refine. These factors are reflected in costs. World reserves are substantial, however, perhaps as much as 7 trillion† barrels estimated to represent 0·9 trillion barrels of recoverable oil.</div><div>Nearly 2·1 trillion barrels of heavy crude oil, more than 50% of the world's total reserve, are located in Venezuela largely in the Orinoco Oil Belt. About 75% of the natural bitumen, 2·6 trillion barrels, is located in Canada in the Athabasca, Cold Lake, and Peace River areas of Alberta. Most of the estimated undiscovered heavy crude oil in the world, approximately 630 billion barrels, is outside the US and Canada.</div><div>Data required to determine the cost of finding natural bitumen and heavy oil are roughly the same as for other mineral commodities. Similarly for recovery costs. The variables are so extensive that dollar amounts have little meaning without qualification.</div><div>Recovery depends on depth below surface. Near-surface deposits are recovered by mechanical mining. Deeper deposits must be won by thermal means. Transportation by pipeline is feasible only if the viscosity is lowered by partial upgrading, heating, or by the use of diluents. Part of the high cost of refining results from the major investment required for the large installations that are needed for economic rates of production.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Publications","doi":"10.1177/014459878700500104","usgsCitation":"Meyer, R.F., 1987, Prospects for heavy crude oil development: Energy Exploration & Exploitation, v. 5, no. 1, p. 27-55, https://doi.org/10.1177/014459878700500104.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225727,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1987-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f59e4b0c8380cd7f6ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Richard F.","contributorId":67963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223697,"text":"5223697 - 1986 - Fire adaptation in Neblinaria celiae (Theaceae), a high-elevation rosette shrub endemic to a wet equatorial tepui","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-21T15:58:10.964942","indexId":"5223697","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire adaptation in Neblinaria celiae (Theaceae), a high-elevation rosette shrub endemic to a wet equatorial tepui","docAbstract":"<p><i>Neblinaria celiae</i><span>&nbsp;(Theaceae), a rosette shrub endemic to the exceedingly rainy summit of remote Cerro de la Neblina in southern Venezuela, has a previously undescribed set of adaptations to fire. Its growth form entails sparse branching, massive terminal leaf rosettes, and thick bark. It is highly fire-tolerant, with a survival rate of 93% in a stand recently ignited by lightning, vs. 0% in seven co-occurring woody species. Survival increases sharply with rosette height, favoring a sparsely branched habit that would maximize the rate of upward growth through the sparse fuel layer supported by a sterile substrate. Thick bark and massive rosettes help protect cambial and foliar meristems from brief exposure to high temperatures. Rosettes on shorter plants are exposed to greater damage from fire near the ground and, as expected, are bigger and impound more rainwater; the greater number of leaves nearly balances the greater leaf mortality caused by fire. We relate&nbsp;</span><i>Neblinaria's</i><span>&nbsp;growth form to its dominance atop Neblina, to a general model for the evolution of sparse branching, and to the evolution of growth form in other tepui plants.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Sprinter Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF00379892","usgsCitation":"Givnish, T., McDiarmid, R., and Buck, W., 1986, Fire adaptation in Neblinaria celiae (Theaceae), a high-elevation rosette shrub endemic to a wet equatorial tepui: Oecologia, v. 70, no. 4, p. 481-485, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379892.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"485","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17712,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/m200807695337366/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f461d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Givnish, T.J.","contributorId":40317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Givnish","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDiarmid, R.W.","contributorId":15130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buck, W.R.","contributorId":61542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buck","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012749,"text":"70012749 - 1985 - Maximum likelihood estimation for periodic autoregressive moving average models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T09:45:58","indexId":"70012749","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3523,"text":"Technometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maximum likelihood estimation for periodic autoregressive moving average models","docAbstract":"A useful class of models for seasonal time series that cannot be filtered or standardized to achieve second-order stationarity is that of periodic autoregressive moving average (PARMA) models, which are extensions of ARMA models that allow periodic (seasonal) parameters. An approximation to the exact likelihood for Gaussian PARMA processes is developed, and a straightforward algorithm for its maximization is presented. The algorithm is tested on several periodic ARMA(1, 1) models through simulation studies and is compared to moment estimation via the seasonal Yule-Walker equations. Applicability of the technique is demonstrated through an analysis of a seasonal stream-flow series from the Rio Caroni River in Venezuela.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00401706.1985.10488076","issn":"00401706","usgsCitation":"Vecchia, A.V., 1985, Maximum likelihood estimation for periodic autoregressive moving average models: Technometrics, v. 27, no. 4, p. 375-384, https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1985.10488076.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"384","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4abde4b0c8380cd68fd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchia, A. V.","contributorId":23533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70169256,"text":"70169256 - 1984 - Jesuits in seismology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T15:34:19","indexId":"70169256","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Jesuits in seismology","docAbstract":"<p>Jesuits have been involved with scientific endeavors since the 16th century, although their association with seismology is more recent. What impelled Jesuit priests to also become seismologists is am matter of conjecture. Certainly the migration of missionaries to various parts of the world must have resulted in queries to their fellow Jesuits in Europe. What caused earthquakes? Could they be predicted? Were they connected with the weather?</p>\n<p>In the 19th and 20th centuries, many Jesuit geophysical stations and obervatories were established in such areas as Cuba, the Philippine Islands, China, Madagascar, Lebanon, Bolivia, Ecuador, Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Spain, and Jamaica. Some of these stations are no longer in operation; most have augmented their origional euqipment with instruments of recent design.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Linehan, D., 1984, Jesuits in seismology: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 16, no. 4, p. 156-165.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"165","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be43e4b0f59b85e02e9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linehan, D.","contributorId":167754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Linehan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30808,"text":"ofr83679 - 1983 - Data from sediment studies of the Rio Orinoco, Venezuela, August 15-25, 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:13","indexId":"ofr83679","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-679","title":"Data from sediment studies of the Rio Orinoco, Venezuela, August 15-25, 1982","docAbstract":"Water and suspended-sediment discharges were measured and bed-material samples were collected during August, 1982, at 9 cross sections along a 800-kilometer reach of the Rio Orinoco. Flows varied from approximately 31,000 to 72,000 cubic meters per second, and sediment discharge varied from approximately 1,600 to 8,000 kilograms per second. The bed material is mostly fine to medium sand and almost one-third of the suspended sediment is sand.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83679","usgsCitation":"Nordin, C.F., Meade, R., and Curtis, C., 1983, Data from sediment studies of the Rio Orinoco, Venezuela, August 15-25, 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-679, iii, 29 p.  map ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83679.","productDescription":"iii, 29 p.  map ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0679/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59524,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0679/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c8dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordin, Carl F.","contributorId":68297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordin","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meade, R.H.","contributorId":27449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curtis, C.C.","contributorId":68791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70164341,"text":"70164341 - 1983 - Research in seismology and earthquake engineering in Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T15:03:55","indexId":"70164341","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Research in seismology and earthquake engineering in Venezuela","docAbstract":"<p>Venezuela has been affected by destructive earthquakes for the past four centuries. According to entries in the national seismic catalog, there have been about 180 earthquakes which have caused some type of damage to the country. The most catastrophic earthquake occurred on March 26, 1812, on the Bocono fault system and caused widespread destruction in the cities of Merida and Caracas and claimed an estimated 30,000 lives.</p>\n<p>After the July 29, 1967, damaging earthquake (with a moderate magnitude of 6.3) caused widespread damage to the northern coastal area of Venezuela and to the Caracas Valley, the Venezuelan Government decided to establish a Presidential Earthquake Commission. This commission undertook the task of coordinating the efforts to study the after-effects of the earthquake. The July 1967 earthquake claimed numerous lives and caused extensive damage to the capital of Venezuela. In 1968, the U.S Geological Survey conducted a seismological field study in the northern coastal area and in the Caracas Valley of Venezuela. the objective was to study the area that sustained severe, moderate, and no damage to structures. A reported entitled&nbsp;<i>Ground Amplification Studies in Earthquake Damage Areas: The Caracas Earthquake of 1967&nbsp;</i>documented, for the first time, short-period seismic wave ground-motion amplifications in the Caracas Valley. Figure 1 shows the area of severe damage in the Los Palos Grantes suburb and the correlation with depth of alluvium and the arabic numbers denote the ground amplification factor at each site in the area. the Venezuelan Government initiated many programs to study in detail the damage sustained and to investigate the ongoing construction practices. These actions motivated professionals in the academic, private, and Government sectors to develops further capabilities and self-sufficiency in the fields of engineering and seismology. Allocation of funds was made to assist in training professionals and technicians and in developing new seismological stations and new programs at the national level in earthquake engineering and seismology. A brief description of the ongoing programs in Venezuela is listed below. these programs are being performed by FUNVISIS and by other national organizations listed at the end of this article. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Urbina, L., and Grases, J., 1983, Research in seismology and earthquake engineering in Venezuela: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 15, no. 1, p. 32-38.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Venezuela","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.4111328125,\n       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,{"id":70169160,"text":"70169160 - 1982 - Earthquakes, September-October 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-24T16:19:36","indexId":"70169160","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, September-October 1981","docAbstract":"<p>There were three major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) during this reporting period. The first and largest was a magnitude 7.7 on September 1 in the Samoa Islands region in the South Pacific. A magnitude 7.2 occurred on October 16 off the coast of central Chile. The third, on October 25 in Michoacan, Mexico, had a magnitude of 7.1. Two earthquakes which caused fatalities were in Kashmir and Venezuela, on September 12 and October 18. They had magnitudes 6.1 and 5.4, respectively.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>In the United States, a number of earthquakes were experienced during the 2 months, but caused only lsight damage. The largest was a magntidue 5.9 on September 4 in southern California.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1982, Earthquakes, September-October 1981: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 14, no. 2, p. 67-70.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be3ae4b0f59b85e02e18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10205,"text":"ofr811146 - 1981 - Assessment of conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:20","indexId":"ofr811146","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1146","title":"Assessment of conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of Venezuela","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811146","usgsCitation":"Masters, C.D., 1981, Assessment of conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of Venezuela: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1146, 8 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811146.","productDescription":"8 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1146/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38062,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1146/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masters, Charles D.","contributorId":38969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masters","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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