Surveys for the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) were done at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (MCBCP or “Base”), California, between May 4 and July 31, 2020. All of MCBCP’s historically occupied riparian habitat (core survey area) was surveyed for flycatchers in 2020. Additionally, one-fifth of the unoccupied riparian habitat (non-core survey area) was surveyed for flycatchers. Thirteen transient Willow Flycatchers of unknown subspecies were observed on four of the seven drainages surveyed in 2020. No Willow Flycatchers were detected at Fallbrook Creek, Pilgrim Creek, or San Mateo Creek. Transients occurred in a range of habitat types, including mixed willow (Salix spp.) riparian, riparian scrub, willow-sycamore (Platanus racemosa) or willow-cottonwood (Populus fremontii) dominated riparian vegetation, and upland scrub. Exotic vegetation, primarily poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), was present in most flycatcher locations.
The resident population of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers on MCBCP declined 33 percent from three individuals in 2019 to two individuals in 2020. In 2020, the resident Southwestern Willow Flycatcher population on Base consisted of one male and one female. No single males or non-territorial floaters were observed in 2020. Overall, one territory was established consisting of one monogamous pair. Resident flycatchers were restricted to the Santa Margarita River, and distribution was limited to the Pueblitos breeding area. All resident flycatchers were located in mixed willow riparian habitat.
Nesting was initiated in late May and continued into early August. Three nesting attempts were documented, of which 33 percent (1/3) were successful. Predation and substrate failure accounted for the two nest failures. Two fledglings were produced, yielding a seasonal productivity of two young/pair. No instances of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism were observed. Flycatchers placed nests in two plant species: native sandbar willow (Salix exigua) and exotic poison hemlock.
One hundred percent of resident birds that were present at MCBCP in 2020 were banded in previous years; no unbanded birds were detected. Of the three uniquely banded adult flycatchers present during the 2019 breeding season, 100 percent (1/1) of males and 50 percent (1/2) of females returned to MCBCP in 2020, and both banded flycatchers returned to the same breeding area they occupied in 2019. None of the seven nestlings banded in 2019 returned to MCBCP in 2020, and none were detected off Base. Six nestlings from two nests were banded in 2020; only two survived to fledging.
From 2000 to 2020, overall adult survival of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers on MCBCP was 60 percent, while first-year survival was 20 percent.
A conspecific attraction study initiated on Base in 2018 and repeated annually through 2020 found that 100 percent of breeding flycatchers detected in 2020 settled close to automated playback units.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241005","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Assistant Chief of Staff, Environmental Security, U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research","usgsCitation":"Howell, S.L., and Kus, B.E., 2024, Distribution, abundance, and breeding activities of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California—2020 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1005, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241005.","productDescription":"viii, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125132","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429419,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241005/full"},{"id":429418,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1005/images"},{"id":429417,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1005/ofr20241005.xml"},{"id":429416,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1005/ofr20241005.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12 Mb","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":429415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1005/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.75538962036684,\n 33.058231363884246\n ],\n [\n -117.02638396742665,\n 33.058231363884246\n ],\n [\n -117.02638396742665,\n 33.773009424685426\n ],\n [\n -117.75538962036684,\n 33.773009424685426\n ],\n [\n -117.75538962036684,\n 33.058231363884246\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The Navajo (N) aquifer is an extensive aquifer and the primary source of groundwater in the 5,400-square-mile Black Mesa area in northeastern Arizona. Water availability is an important issue in the Black Mesa area because of the arid climate, past industrial water use, and continued water requirements for municipal use by a growing population. Precipitation in the area typically ranges from less than 6 to more than 16 inches per year, depending on location.
The U.S. Geological Survey water-monitoring program in the Black Mesa area began in 1971 and provides information about the long-term effects of groundwater withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. This report presents the results of data collected as part of the monitoring program in the Black Mesa area from calendar years 2020–2021 and, additionally, uses streamflow statistics from November and December 2019. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) groundwater withdrawals (pumping), (2) groundwater levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) groundwater chemistry.
In calendar year 2020, total groundwater withdrawals were estimated to be 2,680 acre-feet (acre-ft), and, in 2021, total withdrawals were estimated to be 2,570 acre-ft. Total withdrawals during 2021 were about 65 percent less than total withdrawals in 2005 because the Peabody Western Coal Company discontinued its use of water to transport coal in a coal slurry pipeline after 2005 and ceased mining operations in 2019.
Owing to Navajo Nation and Hopi Reservation access restrictions during the Coronavirus pandemic, water levels were not collected from municipal wells in 2020 or 2021. Water levels measured in 2021 from wells completed in the unconfined areas of the N aquifer within the Black Mesa area showed a decline in 7 of 13 wells when compared with water levels from the prestress period (prior to 1965). The changes in water levels across all 13 wells ranged from +8.4 feet (ft) to −42.4 ft, and the median change was −0.4 ft. Water levels also showed decline in 11 of 12 wells measured in the confined area of the aquifer when compared to the prestress period. The median change for the confined area of the aquifer was −25.9 ft, with changes across all 12 wells ranging from +17.3 ft to −133.7 ft.
Spring flow was measured at four springs between 2020 and 2021. Flow fluctuated during the period of record for Burro Spring and Pasture Canyon Spring, but a decreasing trend was statistically significant (p<0.05) at Moenkopi School Spring and Unnamed Spring near Dennehotso, Arizona. Discharge at Burro Spring has remained relatively constant since it was first measured in the 1980s, and discharge at Pasture Canyon Spring has fluctuated for the period of record.
Continuous records of surface-water discharge in the Black Mesa area were collected from streamflow-gaging stations at the following sites: Moenkopi Wash at Moenkopi 09401260 (1976–2021), Dinnebito Wash near Sand Springs 09401110 (1993–2020), Polacca Wash near Second Mesa 09400568 (1994–2020), and Pasture Canyon Springs 09401265 (2004–2021). Median winter flows (November through February) of each winter were used as an estimate of the amount of groundwater discharge at the above-named sites. For the period of record, the median winter flows have generally remained constant at Polacca Wash and Pasture Canyon Springs, whereas a decreasing trend was observed at Moenkopi Wash and Dinnebito Wash.
In 2020 and 2021, water samples were collected from a total of four springs in the Black Mesa area and analyzed for selected chemical constituents. Results from the four springs were compared with previous analyses from the same springs. Dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate concentrations increased at Moenkopi School Spring during the more than 30 years of record at that site. Concentrations of dissolved solids and sulfate at Pasture Canyon Spring have not varied significantly (p>0.05) since the early 1980s, and there is no increasing or decreasing trend in those data. However, concentrations of chloride from Pasture Canyon Spring show a diminishing trend. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate at Unnamed Spring near Dennehotso have varied for the period of record, but there is no statistical trend in the data. Concentrations of dissolved solids at Burro Spring have varied for the period of record, but there is no statistical trend in the data. However, concentrations of chloride and sulfate from Burro Spring show a trend towards lower concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Navajo Nation and Peabody Western Coal Company","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.P., 2024, Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona—2019–2021: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1019, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241019.","productDescription":"vii, 48 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-148316","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430241,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1019/images"},{"id":430240,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1019/ofr20241019.xml"},{"id":430239,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1019/ofr20241019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":430238,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1019/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":430242,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241019/full"},{"id":499245,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117071.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.50769351138865,\n 36.993810314532595\n ],\n [\n -111.50769351138865,\n 35.29946810356502\n ],\n [\n -109.33240054263857,\n 35.29946810356502\n ],\n [\n -109.33240054263857,\n 36.993810314532595\n ],\n [\n -111.50769351138865,\n 36.993810314532595\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
Pollinators are vital to the continued existence and seed production of about 87.5 percent of all flowering plants (Ollerton and others, 2011). In the semi-desert grasslands of Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge, in the Sonoran Desert of the United States, flowering forbs provide seed vital to the food base of wildlife, including the 136 species of resident and migratory birds using the Refuge’s grasslands and, notably, the endangered Colinus virginianus ridgwayi (masked bobwhite quail) for which the Refuge was established. The Sonoran Desert is known for its high diversity of native bees, but these pollinators have not been extensively described at the Refuge. We conducted a survey of native bees at the Refuge from late May 2019 through early February 2020. Of all bees collected, we subsampled, curated, and identified over 3,300 bees representing 39 genera within four families (Andrenidae, Apidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae). For about 8 percent of the sampled bees, we further identified 36 species and several potentially new, undescribed species using either visual or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding methods. Sampling was done using bee bowls and blue-vane traps. Our initial results suggest the Refuge is species rich in native bees and supports diverse bee faunas across subtle differences in plant composition and location within the Refuge. Continued survey, inventory, and focused monitoring of the bee populations of the Refuge will be valuable in understanding the relationship of bee populations with the health and productivity of seed-bearing plants, effect of prescribed fire on bee fauna, the ongoing dynamics of bee-plant interactions, and how the bee pollinator community of the Refuge is responding to stressors, such as invasive species proliferation and changing climate conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241032","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Thomas, K.A., Hoover, A.M., and Busby, M.K., 2024, Bees of the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge—A preliminary report on a bee survey in a vulnerable semi-desert grassland of the Sonoran Desert: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1032, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241032.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 21 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-161924","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429641,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P14RBPX6","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Native bees of the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona—Taxonomic data and site photos"},{"id":429643,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1032/images"},{"id":429642,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1032/ofr20241032.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2024-1032 XML"},{"id":429640,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241032/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1032 HTML"},{"id":429638,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1032/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":429639,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1032/ofr20241032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.78 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1032 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.34600607233955,\n 31.811926084014814\n ],\n [\n -111.48376599564885,\n 31.820170097682563\n ],\n [\n -111.47115417168378,\n 31.77984272758715\n ],\n [\n -111.52063132723872,\n 31.769202281546505\n ],\n [\n -111.51092992418879,\n 31.74132758990559\n ],\n [\n -111.49540767930924,\n 31.738373313233033\n ],\n [\n -111.49734795991913,\n 31.67272026192875\n ],\n [\n -111.56913834248876,\n 31.603764490123936\n ],\n [\n -111.57495918431833,\n 31.508050231602496\n ],\n [\n -111.45563192680406,\n 31.46419734455464\n ],\n [\n -111.45029615512642,\n 31.553114075689212\n ],\n [\n -111.41973673551955,\n 31.554351522357223\n ],\n [\n -111.37219986057468,\n 31.58649382404225\n ],\n [\n -111.34600607233955,\n 31.811926084014814\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Southwest Biological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Drive
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Two Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) stations were operated at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (MCBCP), California, in 2021: one at De Luz Creek and one at the Santa Margarita River. The stations were established to provide data on Neotropical migratory birds at MCBCP to support the dual missions of environmental stewardship and military readiness.
A total of 1,227 individual birds were captured in 2021 between the two stations: 395 at De Luz and 832 at Santa Margarita (both 15 banding days). Of these 1,227 individuals captured, 955 were newly banded (273 at De Luz and 682 at Santa Margarita), 150 were recaptures banded before 2021 (28 at De Luz and 122 at Santa Margarita, excluding recaptures released before reading band number [1 at De Luz and 3 at Santa Margarita]), and 118 were unbanded (93 at De Luz and 25 at Santa Margarita). Return rate in 2021 was much lower than the annual mean at De Luz (1995–2019) and similar to the annual mean at the Santa Margarita station (1998–2020). The sex ratio of known-sex adult birds was skewed toward males at both stations in 2021.
Species richness was similar at De Luz from 2019 to 2021, increased at Santa Margarita from 2020 to 2021 and was above annual means at both sites (1995–2019 and 1998–2020, respectively). The most abundant species at De Luz were Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata) and Allen’s Hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin). Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) and Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) were most abundant at Santa Margarita.
Since 2002, we have examined the population trends of 12 species at De Luz and 13 species at Santa Margarita for which numbers of known-age individuals were adequate for statistical analysis. We estimated population size and calculated indices of productivity and survival for a subset of these species with sufficient captures and recaptures for valid parameter estimation—four at De Luz and six at Santa Margarita. We determined that in 2021, abundance of 42 percent (5 of 12) of focal species at De Luz and 38 percent (5 of 13) of focal species at Santa Margarita was below the annual mean abundance. Of the focal species below mean abundance, 40 percent (2 of 5) at De Luz and 60 percent (3 of 5) at Santa Margarita were migrant populations. Of the focal species, 25 (3 of 12) percent at De Luz and 31 percent (4 of 13) at Santa Margarita had declining population trends during the span of station operation. With few exceptions, these declines appeared to be associated with conditions on the breeding grounds.
Annual productivity (calculated as the ratio of juveniles to adults among individual captures) was zero for all focal species at De Luz in 2021. At Santa Margarita, productivity increased from year 2020 to 2021 for Common Yellowthroat, Song Sparrow, and Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia) and declined from year 2020 to 2021 for Least Bell’s Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus), but productivity was above the 1998–2020 mean for all four species, whereas productivity was maintained for Orange-crowned Warbler (Leiothlypis celata) and Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens). Winter precipitation affected productivity of Black-headed Grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus), Common Yellowthroat, and Song Sparrow at De Luz and affected productivity of Common Yellowthroat, Orange-crowned Warbler, Song Sparrow, Yellow-breasted Chat, and Yellow Warbler at Santa Margarita.
We calculated the mean annual adult survival for 1998–2020 at Santa Margarita, excluding years when the station was not operated. Survival could not be calculated for De Luz in 2021 because the station was not operated in 2020. Model-averaged annual adult survival ranged from 42 to 66 percent for residents and from 30 to 66 percent for migrants at Santa Margarita. Survival of Common Yellowthroat, Song Sparrow, and possibly Yellow Warbler was found to be affected by winter precipitation. Sex was a significant predictor of survival for Common Yellowthroat, Least Bell’s Vireo, Orange-crowned Warbler, and Yellow-breasted Chat at Santa Margarita, where females were found to have lower survival than males.
At Santa Margarita, multiple regression analyses examining adult survival and productivity as predictors of future population size indicated that resident Song Sparrow and migrant Yellow Warbler populations were affected by population size from the previous year, migrant Yellow-breasted Chat populations were affected by productivity from the previous year, and migrant Orange-Crowned Warbler populations were affected by survival from the previous year. Updated previous-year population size predictions could not be calculated for De Luz because the station was not operated in 2020.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Assistant Chief of Staff, Environmental Security, U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Mendia, S.M., and Kus, B.E., 2024, Neotropical migratory bird monitoring study at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California—2021 annual data summary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1024, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241024.","productDescription":"viii, 69 p.","numberOfPages":"69","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-155196","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1024/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":429919,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1024/ofr20241024.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":429920,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1024/ofr20241024.xml"},{"id":429921,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1024/images"},{"id":429922,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241024/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.38,\n 33.275\n ],\n [\n -117.38,\n 33.26\n ],\n [\n -117.35,\n 33.26\n ],\n [\n -117.35,\n 33.275\n ],\n [\n -117.38,\n 33.275\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.33,\n 33.38\n ],\n [\n -117.33,\n 33.37\n ],\n [\n -117.32,\n 33.37\n ],\n [\n -117.32,\n 33.38\n ],\n [\n -117.33,\n 33.38\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Letterkenny Army Depot in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, built an Ammonium Perchlorate Rocket Motor Destruction (ARMD) Facility in 2016 to centralize rocket motor destruction and contain all waste during the destruction process. The U.S. Geological Survey has collected environmental samples from groundwater, surface water, and soils at ARMD since 2016.
During 2021, samples were collected from four groundwater wells in September, one surface-water site in October, and five soil sites in November near the facility. Samples were analyzed for nutrients, trace metals, major ions, total volatile organic compounds, and perchlorate. Perchlorate was not detected in any 2021 samples.
Groundwater results showed no constituents exceeded any U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL). Dissolved arsenic (As) was detected in one well above the reporting detection level (RDL) of 3 micrograms per liter (μg/L) at 5.4 μg/L but below its MCL of 10 μg/L. Dissolved iron (Fe) was the only inorganic constituent measured above an EPA secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL). All groundwater samples collected in 2021 exceeded the Fe SMCL of 300 μg/L, with concentrations ranging from 390 μg/L to 3,500 μg/L.
Surface-water data collected during 2021 showed no measured constituents in the surface-water sample that exceeded any EPA MCL or SMCL.
Soil samples collected from 2016 through 2021 showed all concentrations of As exceeded the EPA soil screening levels of 3 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) but did not exceed the Pennsylvania medium-specific concentrations for As of 61 mg/kg. Arsenic concentrations in 2021 ranged from 9.1 mg/kg to 12.9 mg/kg.
The 2021 results for the ARMD Facility indicate no increases in concentrations of reported compounds compared to data from 2016 to 2020. The contained burn treatment facility for demilitarization of rocket motors during 2021 appears to have operated without elevating concentrations of target compounds compared to previous years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241031","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Letterkenny Army Depot","usgsCitation":"Galeone, D.G., and Donmoyer, S.J., 2024, Environmental monitoring of groundwater, surface water, and soil at the Ammonium Perchlorate Rocket Motor Destruction Facility at the Letterkenny Army Depot, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1031, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241031","productDescription":"Report: vii, 31 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-148346","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499252,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117074.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":429681,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1031/ofr20241031.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2024-1031 XML"},{"id":429679,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92YIATZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater, surface water, and soil data collected near and at the Ammonium Perchlorate Rocket Motor Destruction (ARMD) facility at the Letterkenny Army Depot, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania"},{"id":429680,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1031/images/"},{"id":429677,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1031/ofr20241031.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1031 PDF"},{"id":429678,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241031/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1031 HTML"},{"id":429676,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1031/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Letterkenny Army Depot","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.7937803364734,\n 40.07953712912567\n ],\n [\n -77.7937803364734,\n 39.95565132046923\n ],\n [\n -77.61334530644311,\n 39.95565132046923\n ],\n [\n -77.61334530644311,\n 40.07953712912567\n ],\n [\n -77.7937803364734,\n 40.07953712912567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
This study was completed to provide timely scientific information regarding greater sage-grouse population trends, habitat selection, and the efficacy of previous conservation actions implemented to benefit the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment (DPS). Specifically, we provide these analyses to inform the current (2024) status review and pending listing decision for the DPS being undertaken by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. These findings provide updated, detailed, and comprehensive information regarding the status of a geographically isolated and genetically distinct population of a species of high conservation concern and their habitat. Importantly, this report also provides information on the efficacy of previously implemented conservation actions targeting the Bi-State DPS in a framework that is transferable throughout the species’ range.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241030","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Department of Wildlife, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, Great Basin Bird Observatory, and U.S. Forest Service","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Areas—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Milligan, M.C., Prochazka, B.G., Brussee, B.E., O’Neil, S.T., Lundblad, C.G., Webster, S.C., Weise, C.L., Mathews, S.R., Chenaille, M.P., Aldridge, C.L., O’Donnell, M.S., Espinosa, S.P., Sturgill, A.C., Doherty, K.E., Tull, J.C., Miller, K., Wiechman, L.A., Abele, S., Boone, J., Stone, H., and Casazza, M.L., 2024, Status of greater sage-grouse in the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment—An evaluation of population trends, habitat selection, and efficacy of conservation actions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1030, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241030.","productDescription":"Report: x, 74 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-159648","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429902,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1AATW9D","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Coates, P.S., Milligan, M.C., Brussee, B.E., O’Neil, S.T., and Chenaille, M.P., 2024, Greater sage-grouse habitat selection, survival, abundance, and space-use in the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment of California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1AATW9D","linkHelpText":"Greater sage-grouse habitat selection, survival, abundance, and space-use in the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment of California and Nevada"},{"id":429901,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P95HTJG8","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Coates, P.S., Milligan, M.C., Brussee, B.E., O’Neil, S.T., and Chenaille, M.P., 2024, Rasters and tables for selection and survival of greater sage-grouse nests and broods in the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment of California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P95HTJG8.","linkHelpText":"Rasters and tables for selection and survival of greater sage-grouse nests and broods in the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment of California and Nevada"},{"id":429897,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1030/ofr20241030.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":429896,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1030/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":429898,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1030/ofr20241030.xml"},{"id":429899,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1030/images"},{"id":429900,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241030/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.20887464654662,\n 39.28064195888885\n ],\n [\n -120.20887464654662,\n 36.4538803548043\n ],\n [\n -116.49549574029646,\n 36.4538803548043\n ],\n [\n -116.49549574029646,\n 39.28064195888885\n ],\n [\n -120.20887464654662,\n 39.28064195888885\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE) partnership consists of six agencies representing the U.S. Government’s commitment to promoting the use of high-quality remotely sensed data to meet scientific and other Federal needs. These agencies are large consumers of remotely sensed data and bring extensive experience in the assessment and use of these data. The six agencies are as follows: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Geological Survey, and National Reconnaissance Office.
JACIE was formed in 2001 to assess the quality of data from the nascent commercial high-resolution satellite industry. Since then, JACIE has expanded its purview to include data at various resolutions, including commercial and civil.
The processes and techniques used by the JACIE agencies to assess data quality have been compiled within this report to share them across the agencies and with others who want to assess remotely sensed imagery data or understand how data are assessed and reported by JACIE.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241023","usgsCitation":"Cantrell, S.J., and Christopherson, J.B., 2024, Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE) best practices for remote sensing system evaluation and reporting: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1023, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241023.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-153510","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428638,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241023/full"},{"id":428637,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1023/images/"},{"id":428636,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1023/ofr20241023.XML"},{"id":428635,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1023/ofr20241023.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024–1023"},{"id":428634,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1023/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered June 7, 1954 (New Jersey v. New York, 347 U.S. 995), established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey. In addition, the Decree authorizes the diversion of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from specific reservoirs owned by New York City be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master provide reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 62nd annual report of the River Master of the Delaware River. This report covers the 2015 River Master report year, which is the period from December 1, 2014, to November 30, 2015.
During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 42.22 inches or 95 percent of the long-term average. The combined storage remained above 80 percent of the combined capacity until August 2015. The lowest combined storage of the report year was 57 percent of the total combined capacity on December 1, 2014. Delaware River Master operations during the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree and the Flexible Flow Management Program.
Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey fully complied with the Decree. The reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 72 days during the report year. Interim Excess Release Quantity and conservation releases, designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs, were also made during the report year.
Water quality in the Delaware River estuary between the streamgages at Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at several locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected continuously by electronic instruments at four sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241010","isbn":"978-1-4113-4550-8","usgsCitation":"Russell, K.L., Andrews, W.J., DiFrenna, V.J., Norris, J.M., and Mason, R.R., Jr., 2024, Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2014–November 30, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1010, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241010.","productDescription":"xi, 96 p.","numberOfPages":"96","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-144905","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499205,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116401.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":428180,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1010/images/"},{"id":428179,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1010/ofr20241010.XML","description":"OFR 2024-1010 XML"},{"id":431003,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241010/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1010 HTML"},{"id":428177,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1010/ofr20241010.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1010 PDF"},{"id":428176,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1010/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.94505928621406,\n 40.05337883630068\n ],\n [\n -74.72855902979892,\n 39.22047921540104\n ],\n [\n -73.33537420998806,\n 42.70804724221631\n ],\n [\n -75.52173314274067,\n 43.29620805006448\n ],\n [\n -76.94505928621406,\n 40.05337883630068\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Delaware River Master
Office of the Delaware River Master
U.S. Geological Survey
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers American River Watershed Common Features project (ACRF) seeks to reduce flood risk for the City of Sacramento, California, and surrounding areas. The project includes levee-remediation measures to address seepage, stability, erosion, and height concerns as well as the widening of the Sacramento Weir and Bypass. The project reach is in the lower extent of the Sacramento River migration corridor for the federally threatened southern Distinct Population Segment of North American green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris). To establish baseline migratory behavior, we examined adult green sturgeon transit through the project area prior to construction. Biologists from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers collected and tagged 55 adult green sturgeon with acoustic and passive integrated transponders, near Hamilton City, California, at river kilometer 332 of the Sacramento River each fall from 2020 to 2022. To evaluate fish movements, we deployed five acoustic detection sites at river kilometers 101, 90, 76, and 21 on the Sacramento River and in Tule Canal near the Sacramento Bypass at river kilometer 101 of the Sacramento River. The acoustic receivers detected nearly all tagged fish moving downstream through the ARCF study area during the same water year (October 1–September 30) in which they were tagged. Three fish released in October of 2020 arrived at the ARCF study area more than 362 days later in October 2021. The timing of tagged fish movements was associated with increases in river flow and not hour of day. Adult green sturgeon moved downstream from January to August when streamflows exceeded 15,000 cubic feet per second. During water year 2023 and the critically dry water year 2022, fish moved with the first peaks in flow occurring from mid-October to early January. Fish tagged in the critically dry water year 2021 entered the ARCF study area over an extended period from January to October, when flows remained around 10,000 cubic feet per second all year. Fish moved quickly between sites within the ARCF study area and generally spent less than 1 hour at each detection site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Hansen, A.C., Burdick, S.M., Johnson, R.P., Chase, R.D., and Thomas, M.J., 2024, Adult green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) movements in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, California, December 2020–January 2023: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1025, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241025.","productDescription":"vii, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-160183","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428182,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1025/ofr20241025.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1025 PDF"},{"id":428183,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241025/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1025 HTML"},{"id":428185,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1025/ofr20241025.XML"},{"id":428181,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1025/ofr20241025.jpg"},{"id":428184,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1025/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.72096146410857,\n 38.13471307768137\n ],\n [\n -121.39983277185577,\n 38.13471307768137\n ],\n [\n -121.39983277185577,\n 38.595842840770814\n ],\n [\n -121.72096146410857,\n 38.595842840770814\n ],\n [\n -121.72096146410857,\n 38.13471307768137\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
The Special Contributing Area Loading Program (SCALP) is a hydrologic routing program that simulates reservoir routing through a linear-reservoir-in-series method. The Java version of SCALP was developed to replicate and replace the functionality of an older version of the program written in Fortran. SCALP models flow through three reservoirs in series using an input runoff depth time series and information describing the hydrologic characteristics and sanitary flow for one or more land areas within a basin, supplied by the user. Each basin is herein referred to as a “Special Contributing Area” (SCA); the SCAs are a central concept in SCALP. Although flow through each SCA is routed separately, the user may simulate multiple SCAs in a batch simulation. The outputs of SCALP include information about flows through and overflows from the three reservoirs in the series.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Doyle, H.F., and Domanski, M.M., 2024, Special Contributing Area Loading Program user’s manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1021, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241021.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 15 p.; Software Release","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-137188","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":427858,"rank":6,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EE0614","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"—SCALP (Special Contributing Area Loading Program, ver. 1.0.0)"},{"id":427857,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241021/full"},{"id":427856,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1021/images/"},{"id":427855,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1021/ofr20241021.XML"},{"id":427854,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1021/ofr20241021.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024–1021"},{"id":427853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1021/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) Center of Excellence (ECCOE) focuses on improving the accuracy, precision, calibration, and product quality of remote-sensing data, leveraging years of multiscale optical system geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization experience. The ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team continually monitors the geometric and radiometric performance of active Landsat missions and makes calibration adjustments, as needed, to maintain data quality at the highest level.
This report provides observed geometric and radiometric analysis results for Landsats 7, 8, and 9 for quarter 4 (October–December) of 2023. All data used to compile the Cal/Val analysis results presented in this report are freely available from the U.S. Geological Survey EarthExplorer website: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov.
This is the second quarterly report to include analysis results for Landsat 9, which was launched in September 2021. The inclusion of Landsat 9 analysis results was dependent on two factors: a complete reprocessing of the Landsat 9 data archive and enough time elapsing to begin formulating lifetime trends. In April 2023, all Landsat 9 image data acquired since the satellite’s launch were reprocessed to take advantage of calibration updates identified by the ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team. Additional information about the Landsat 9 reprocessing effort is available at https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/news/upcoming-reprocessing-all-landsat-9-data. Additional information about Landsat 9 prelaunch, commissioning, and early on-orbit imaging performance is available at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing/special_issues/15B4V2K92K.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241026","usgsCitation":"Haque, M.O., Rengarajan, R., Lubke, M., Hasan, M.N., Shrestha, A., Shaw, J.L., Denevan, A., Ruslander, K., Micijevic, E., Choate, M.J., Anderson, C., Thome, K., Barsi, J., Kaita, E., Levy, R., Miller, J., and Ding, L., 2024, ECCOE Landsat\nquarterly Calibration and Validation report—Quarter 4, 2023 (ver. 1.2, June 2026): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1026, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241026.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 62 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-162286","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505280,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241026/full","description":"OFR 2024–1026 HTML"},{"id":505279,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1026/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":427982,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/","text":"USGS database","linkHelpText":"—EarthExplorer"},{"id":427981,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1026/images/"},{"id":505278,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1026/ofr20241026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024–1026 PDF"},{"id":427978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1026/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":427980,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1026/ofr20241026.XML","description":"OFR 2024–1026 XML"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: April 22, 2024; Version 1.1: December 11, 2024; Version 1.2: June 11, 2026","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
To better understand the potential for amplified ground shaking at sites that house critical infrastructure, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) evaluated shear-wave velocities (VS) at six strong-motion recording stations in Southern California Edison facilities in southern California. We calculated VS30 (time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 meters [m]), which is a parameter used in ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) to account for site amplification (Building Safety Seismic Council, 2003; Holtzer and others, 2005; Baltay and Boatwright, 2015). Previous site-characterization studies using multiple methods in Alameda, Napa, and Sonoma Counties, Calif., and in British Columbia (Catchings and others, 2017, 2019; Chan and others, 2018a, 2018b) show that some sites have significant lateral variability; thus, a single measurement of VS30 nearest to the strong-motion recording station may not accurately account for the actual subsurface velocity variations. In the summer of 2017, we recorded body and surface waves along linear profiles (118–174 m long) using active-source seismic methods (226-kilogram [kg] accelerated weight-drop and 3.5-kg sledgehammer impacts) near strong-motion recording stations. We used S-wave refraction tomography and a multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method (using common midpoint cross-correlation; CMPCC) to evaluate two-dimensional (2-D) VS from body and surface waves, respectively. We evaluated VS from both Rayleigh- and Love-waves.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241016","usgsCitation":"Chan, J.H., Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M.R., Criley, C.J., and Sickler, R.R., 2024, Evaluation of 2-D shear-wave velocity models and VS30 at six strong-motion recording stations in southern California using multichannel analysis of surface waves and refraction tomography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1016, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241016.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 58 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-132062","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499241,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116364.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":427913,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P990O55F","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Chan, J.H., Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M.R, Criley, C.J., and Sickler, R.R., 2021, High-resolution seismic data acquired at six Southern California seismic network (SCSN) recording stations in 2017: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P990O55F.","linkHelpText":"High-resolution seismic data acquired at six Southern California seismic network (SCSN) recording stations in 2017"},{"id":427918,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1016/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":427915,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1016/images"},{"id":427914,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1016/ofr20241016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20 MB"},{"id":427917,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241016/full"},{"id":427916,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1016/ofr20241016.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.02522723790126,\n 35.189340133329225\n ],\n [\n -121.02522723790126,\n 33.05031372839122\n ],\n [\n -115.5979811441514,\n 33.05031372839122\n ],\n [\n -115.5979811441514,\n 35.189340133329225\n ],\n [\n -121.02522723790126,\n 35.189340133329225\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
350 N. Akron Rd.
Moffett Field, CA 94035
This report summarizes the results of a structured decision making process started by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources to develop and evaluate various invasive carp management strategies to inform a 2024 update of the Minnesota Invasive Carp Action Plan. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources invited State, Federal, Tribal, and nongovernmental organization partners to participate in online and in-person workshops to elicit concerns and perform an expert-based assessment of potential invasive carp management strategies to address those concerns. The participatory group divided into two subgroups: the values team and the technical team. The values team specified 12 management objectives that captured the major interest group concerns. The technical and values teams developed 18 different invasive carp management strategies to compare. The technical team then scored each strategy in terms of how well it met each management objective. The values team weighted the management objectives to assess where tradeoffs might need to be made. The results of this process captured the wide range of partner concerns and technical opinions using a transparent, repeatable, and rigorous method. The analyses suggest that tradeoffs between management efficacy and cost are likely. Furthermore, considerable uncertainty exists among the technical experts regarding which strategy is likely to be most effective or cost-efficient. Followup analyses were done to assess how resolving uncertainty among experts could affect decision making and guide future monitoring efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Post van der Burg, M., and Colvin, M.E., 2024, Using structured decision making to assess management alternatives to inform the 2024 update of the Minnesota Invasive Carp Action Plan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1020, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241020.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 19 p; 1 Table","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-161101","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":427385,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241020/full"},{"id":427383,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1020/ofr20241020.XML"},{"id":427384,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1020/images/"},{"id":427382,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1020/downloads/","text":"Table 1.1"},{"id":427381,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1020/ofr20241020.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 20241020"},{"id":427380,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1020/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, South Dakota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.28863011626855,\n 36.967503821513446\n ],\n [\n -87.94391643617755,\n 40.58553678179527\n ],\n [\n -85.83165826135074,\n 41.39856936972541\n ],\n [\n -86.26582742157316,\n 41.79170899467056\n ],\n [\n -87.56529202081786,\n 41.69802278026626\n ],\n [\n -88.28550154004203,\n 43.465559915400405\n ],\n [\n -89.81947003232136,\n 43.27701839489646\n ],\n [\n -88.441517663658,\n 45.88964868854825\n ],\n [\n -92.89455996568974,\n 46.6688703992705\n ],\n [\n -93.90294960750411,\n 46.954074901936195\n ],\n [\n -93.89057371275759,\n 47.45968753805238\n ],\n [\n -95.66287916799946,\n 47.30832878269692\n ],\n [\n -96.0833744059119,\n 45.445266641443965\n ],\n [\n -97.25196294733773,\n 45.73968681198525\n ],\n [\n -97.57385808711409,\n 45.5014351606913\n ],\n [\n -95.14621163333918,\n 43.21030588453809\n ],\n [\n -95.56457215116306,\n 42.47496837126678\n ],\n [\n -91.70810834882887,\n 38.50319929325272\n ],\n [\n -89.94905595458137,\n 36.68584673279122\n ],\n [\n -89.28863011626855,\n 36.967503821513446\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
Surface-water supplies are important sources of drinking water for residents in the Triangle area of North Carolina, which is located within the upper Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins. Since 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey and a consortium of local governments have participated in a cooperative effort, known as the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, to track water-quality and quantity conditions in several of the area’s water-supply reservoirs and streams. This report summarizes the hydrologic and water-quality monitoring activities through this cooperative effort, including an overview of previous and current data collection and quality-assurance and quality-control activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241003","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project Steering Committee","usgsCitation":"Diaz, J.C., and Fanelli, R.M., 2024, Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, North Carolina—Overview of hydrologic and water-quality monitoring activities and data quality assurance: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1003, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241003.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 8 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-140656","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499203,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116211.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":426743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1003/images"},{"id":426744,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1003/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":426745,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1003/ofr20241003.pdf","size":"1.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1003"},{"id":426747,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1003/ofr20241003.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2024-1003 XML"},{"id":426746,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241003/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1003 HTML"},{"id":426748,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MU5BAZ","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Associated data for the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, North Carolina, October 2019–September 2022"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Triangle area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.65,\n 36.25\n ],\n [\n -79.375,\n 36.25\n ],\n [\n -79.375,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -78.65,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -78.65,\n 36.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive, Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
The Pecos National Historical Park protects 2.9 miles of the Pecos River and part of Glorieta Creek within the park boundaries. Updated water-quality data can assist resource managers in determining if effluent from two nearby wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is affecting the quality of the water in the Pecos River and Glorieta Creek within the park. Water samples were collected four times in 2022 at two WWTP outfalls, two locations on Glorieta Creek, and two locations on the Pecos River. Water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, water temperature, pH, turbidity, specific conductance) were measured in the field, and samples were collected and analyzed for major ions, trace elements, rare earth elements, nutrients, bacteria, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).
Specific conductance values in all samples collected from Glorieta Creek exceeded the New Mexico Surface Water Quality Standard (NMWQS) of 300 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen in three samples collected from Glorieta Creek and one sample for the Pecos WWTP did not meet the standard for high-quality cold-water use. Concentrations of Escherichia coli in samples from the Pecos WWTP exceeded the NMWQS of 235 colony-forming units per 100 milliliters during every sampling event. Concentrations of E. coli in samples collected from two sites on Glorieta Creek in August exceeded the NMWQS.
The chemical signature of water from Glorieta Creek indicated groundwater and (or) septic system contributions. Water samples collected from the Pecos River all had similar chemical signatures of calcium-bicarbonate type. Although concentrations of several trace elements were higher in samples from Glorieta Creek than in samples from the Pecos River, no concentrations exceeded the drinking-water standards. No concentrations exceeded aquatic life standards except for copper concentrations in two samples from the downstream location on Glorieta Creek. The trace element signature and the gadolinium anomalies in the WWTP samples indicate anthropogenic contributions.
Eleven of the 28 PFAS compounds analyzed were detected in samples during this study, with the treated wastewater effluent samples having the highest total PFAS concentrations. The total PFAS concentrations in samples from Glorieta Creek decreased by an order of magnitude as the creek flowed downstream. At the downstream site on the Pecos River, there was only one sample that had a detection of PFAS.
Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
Greater sage-grouse populations (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter sage-grouse) are threatened by a suite of disturbances and anthropogenic factors that have contributed to a net loss of sagebrush-dominant shrub cover in recent decades. Declines in sage-grouse populations are largely linked to habitat loss across their range. A key component of conservation and land use planning efforts for sage-grouse involves the continued monitoring and modeling of habitat requirements and suitability across its range. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is addressing the management of sage-grouse habitats on BLM-authorized public lands throughout the western United States through a land use planning amendment and associated environmental impact statement (86 FR 66331). More than 25 percent of the range-wide distribution of sage-grouse is within Nevada and northeastern California, and information on sage-grouse distribution and habitat requirements is important to guide appropriate management decisions. Therefore, the BLM has identified the need for updated spatially explicit information on sage-grouse habitat in Nevada and northeastern California to guide the land use planning amendment and associated management decisions.
To address this need, researchers with the U.S. Geological Survey, in close cooperation with multiple State and Federal resource agency partners, including BLM, Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW) and California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), sought to map sage-grouse distribution and produce example habitat designations in these states. Herein, we report results of our primary study objective, which was to map sage-grouse habitat and create example habitat management areas, based on more than a decade of location and survival data collected from marked sage-grouse across the study region coupled with lek count survey data managed by the NDOW and the CDFW.
We expanded on previously developed methodology to incorporate information on habitat selection and survival during reproductive life stages and specific seasons with updated sage-grouse location and known fate datasets, while also including brood-rearing areas that are understood to be threatened and important for population persistence. We combined predictive habitat map surfaces for each life stage and season with updated information on current occupancy patterns to classify habitat based on its suitability and probability of occupancy. We carried out additional steps to delineate specific example habitat management areas, specifically (1) incorporated corridors connecting key nesting and brood-rearing habitat, (2) corrected outputs for pre-wildfire habitat conditions within areas burned in the last 16 years, and (3) masked out areas of anthropogenic development. Our methodological example of deriving habitat management areas was intended to help inform decisions by BLM and other land managers regarding conservation and management of sage-grouse. Associated data products in the form of habitat maps provide updated, detailed, and comprehensive information about the status of habitats and can be useful to partner agencies in their efforts to designate and rank habitats for this species of high conservation concern in Nevada and California, with full recognition that on-the-ground field data and local sources of information and expertise should be used in conjunction with inferences from these models.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, Nevada Department of Wildlife, and California Department of Fish and Wildlife","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Milligan, M.C., Coates, P.S., O’Neil, S.T., Brussee, B.E., Chenaille, M.P., Friend, D., Steele, K., Small, J.R., Bowden, T.S., Kosic, A.D., and Miller, K., 2024, Greater sage-grouse habitat of Nevada and northeastern California—Integrating space use, habitat selection, and survival indices to guide areas for habitat management: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1018, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241018.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 70 p.: Data Release","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-157608","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":427111,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241018/full"},{"id":426917,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P933VE6W","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Coates, P.S., Milligan, M.C., O’Neil, S.T., Brussee, B.E., and Chenaille, M.P., 2024, Rasters representing Greater sage-grouse space use, habitat selection, and survival to inform habitat management: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P933VE6W.","linkHelpText":"Rasters representing Greater sage-grouse space use, habitat selection, and survival to inform habitat management"},{"id":426916,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1018/images"},{"id":426914,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1018/ofr20241018.xml"},{"id":426913,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1018/ofr20241018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426912,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1018/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 43\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) Center of Excellence (ECCOE) focuses on improving the accuracy, precision, calibration, and product quality of remote-sensing data, leveraging years of multiscale optical system geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization experience. The ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team continually monitors the geometric and radiometric performance of active Landsat missions and makes calibration adjustments, as needed, to maintain data quality at the highest level.
This report provides observed geometric and radiometric analysis results for Landsats 7, 8, and 9 for quarter 3 (July–September) of 2023. All data used to compile the Cal/Val analysis results presented in this report are freely available from the U.S. Geological Survey EarthExplorer website: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov.
This is the first quarterly report to include analysis results for Landsat 9, which was launched in September 2021. The inclusion of Landsat 9 analysis results was dependent on two factors: a complete reprocessing of the Landsat 9 data archive and enough time elapsing to begin formulating lifetime trends. In April 2023, all Landsat 9 image data acquired since the satellite’s launch were reprocessed to take advantage of calibration updates identified by the ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team. Additional information about the Landsat 9 reprocessing effort is available at https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/news/upcoming-reprocessing-all-landsat-9-data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241017","usgsCitation":"Haque, M.O., Rengarajan, R., Lubke, M., Hasan, M.N., Shrestha, A., Shaw, J.L., Denevan, A., Ruslander, K., Micijevic, E., Choate, M.J., Anderson, C., Thome, K., Kaita, E., Barsi, J., Levy, R., Miller, J., and Ding, L., 2024, ECCOE Landsat quarterly Calibration and Validation report—Quarter 3, 2023 (ver. 1.2, June 2026): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1017, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241017.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 65 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-159043","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":464896,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1017/ofr20241017.XML","text":"XML","description":"OFR 2024–1017 XML"},{"id":464900,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1017/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":504729,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241017/full","description":"OFR 2024-1017 HTML"},{"id":464897,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1017/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2024–1017 Version History"},{"id":426771,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov","text":"USGS database","linkHelpText":"—EarthExplorer"},{"id":464899,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1017/images/"},{"id":464904,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1017/ofr20241017.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1017 PDF"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: March 19, 2024; Version 1.1: December 11, 2024; Version 1.2: June 9, 2026","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected data on the vertical distribution of hydraulic head, specific capacity, and water quality using aquifer-interval-isolation tests and other vertical profiling methods in 15 boreholes completed in fractured sedimentary bedrock in Northampton, Warminster, and Warwick Townships, Bucks County, Pennsylvania during 2018–19. This work was done, in cooperation with the U.S. Navy, to support detailed investigations at and near the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) Warminster, where groundwater contamination with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) had become a concern since 2014. Two PFAS compounds, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), have been measured in groundwater samples from supply and monitoring wells at or near NAWC Warminster in concentrations above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency health advisory levels for drinking water. The area is underlain by the Triassic Stockton Formation, which predominantly consists of sandstone interbedded with shale and siltstone beds and forms a layered fractured-rock aquifer used for private, industrial, and public drinking water supply.
The vertical distribution of aquifer properties and water quality was assessed through hydraulic tests and sampling of aquifer intervals using a straddle-packer system (13 boreholes) or depth-discrete point sampling under known borehole-flow conditions (2 boreholes). Geophysical and video logs collected by USGS during 2017–19 were used to identify potential water-bearing fractures in 15 boreholes, which ranged in depth from 210 to 604 feet (ft) and included 6 boreholes drilled in 2018 and 9 existing wells on or near the former NAWC Warminster. Measured borehole flow was predominantly downward in most of the deepest boreholes (greater than 400 ft), which were commonly located at the highest land-surface elevations, with inflow from fractures at relatively shallow depths and outflow through fractures near or below depths of 500 ft below land surface. Hydraulic head differences measured during packer tests were up to about 60 ft between shallow and deep intervals. Borehole flow was predominantly upward in most boreholes less than 400 ft in depth and farther from, and at lower land-surface elevations than, the former NAWC Warminster. Total borehole specific capacity ranged from about 0.07 to 41 gallons per minute per foot [(gal/min)/ft]. Specific-capacity values for individual intervals ranged from 0.02 to 40.0 (gal/min)/ft, with a median of 1.14 (gal/min)/ft and a large range in values at most depths.
Differences in water quality of samples as indicated by field properties (pH, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance) and concentrations of dissolved major ions, PFOA, and PFOS were apparent among isolated intervals in the boreholes. Summed concentrations of PFOA and PFOS ranged from about 11 to 10,780 nanograms per liter (ng/L) and were greater than the 2016 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency health advisory of 70 ng/L for summed PFOA and PFOS concentrations in 62 of 104 intervals and discrete depths tested. The mass ratio of PFOS to PFOA was generally higher than 1.0 in samples with summed PFOA and PFOS concentrations greater than 70 ng/L, with ratio values as high as 8.7. In many boreholes, summed concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were positively related to chloride concentrations, which were elevated above natural-background values [less than 10 milligrams per liter] in most samples and as high as 717 milligrams per liter. Sources of the elevated chloride other than, or in addition to, common rock salt (sodium chloride) were indicated by chloride to sodium molar ratios greater than 1.0. Water-quality data indicated that sampled water from some intervals with lower hydraulic heads may be affected by water from intervals with higher hydraulic heads because of vertical flow in open boreholes; samples from these intervals with lower hydraulic heads may not be fully representative due to some component of cross contamination and should be interpreted with caution.
Through a preliminary correlation of natural gamma and resistivity logs of boreholes drilled at and near the former NAWC Warminster, 11 lithologic units were identified and interpreted to strike northeast and dip to the northwest. Hydraulic heads were generally highest in isolated intervals that intercepted beds which, when projected up dip, crop out at the highest land-surface elevation on the former NAWC Warminster, indicating that the dipping-bed structure and topography are factors affecting the distribution of hydraulic head in the aquifer. The hydrogeologic framework in conjunction with the vertical distribution of hydraulic heads and water quality may assist in evaluating the locations of various PFAS sources and potential migration pathways of PFAS in groundwater at and near NAWC Warminster.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., and Fiore, A.R., 2024, Results of 2018–19 water-quality and hydraulic characterization of aquifer intervals using packer tests and preliminary geophysical-log correlations for selected boreholes at and near the former Naval Air Warfare Center Warminster, Bucks County, Pennsylvania (ver. 1.1, January 2025): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1007, 136 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241007.","productDescription":"Report: xv, 136 p.; 5 Plates; Data Release","numberOfPages":"136","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-138405","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426405,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241007/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1007 HTML"},{"id":426406,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1007/ofr20241007.XML","description":"OFR 2024-1007 XML"},{"id":426407,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1007/images/"},{"id":426403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1007/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":426404,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1007/ofr20241007.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.26 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1007 PDF"},{"id":426408,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TC92B5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-level data and selected field notes for aquifer-interval-isolation tests at and near the former Naval Air Warfare Center Warminster, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 2018–19 (ver. 2.0, January 2024)"},{"id":426409,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1007/ofr20241007_plates.pdf","text":"Plates 1–5","size":"921 KB"},{"id":481558,"rank":8,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1007/ofr20241007_versionHist.txt","size":"949 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Naval Air Warfare Center Warminster","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.21874919403015,\n 40.292862181975266\n ],\n [\n -75.21874919403015,\n 40.12697956762551\n ],\n [\n -74.97075997042653,\n 40.12697956762551\n ],\n [\n -74.97075997042653,\n 40.292862181975266\n ],\n [\n -75.21874919403015,\n 40.292862181975266\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: March 2024; Version 1.1 January 2025","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
This report is an update to the presentation by Schulz (1989) introducing potential users to the creepmeter data collected between the publication of Schulz’s report and mid-2020. The creepmeter network monitors aseismic, surface slip at various locations on the Hayward, Calaveras, and San Andreas Faults in northern and central California. There are different designs of creepmeters and these are briefly described. For a majority of the creepmeters, these data are automatically sent to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) offices where they are stored and processed. In addition, for most of the creepmeters, occasional manual measurements are made and these are compared with digitally recorded data. For some sites, the comparisons indicated degradation of the electronic sensor and consequently corrections are made to the digital data. The largest transient deformation is that which followed the 2004, M6, Parkfield earthquake. Various functions found in the literature that have been used to model postseismic slip were tested with the observed postseismic behavior seen on the creepmeters in the vicinity of Parkfield, California. No single function adequately fit all the data from these Parkfield instruments. This report is a discussion and analysis of data from creepmeters deployed by the USGS. The discussion primarily focuses on instruments that are currently operating in 2020 or have operated quite recently but are no longer in service.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241011","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J., Bilham, R.G., Snyder, H.A., and Ericksen, T., 2024, Summary of Creepmeter Data from 1980 to 2020—Measurements Spanning the Hayward, Calaveras, and San Andreas Faults in Northern and Central California: U.S. Geological Survey Report 2024–1011, 110 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241011.","productDescription":"vi, 110 p.","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-143918","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499206,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116172.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":426750,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1011/ofr20241011.pdf","text":"Report","size":"60 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426749,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1011/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.83784784258054,\n 37.99394764431494\n ],\n [\n -122.83784784258054,\n 34.52234572819374\n ],\n [\n -119.36616815508066,\n 34.52234572819374\n ],\n [\n -119.36616815508066,\n 37.99394764431494\n ],\n [\n -122.83784784258054,\n 37.99394764431494\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
350 N. Akron Rd.
Moffett Field, CA 94035
Integrating recent scientific knowledge into management decisions supports effective natural resource management and can lead to better resource outcomes. However, finding and accessing scientific knowledge can be time consuming and costly. To assist in this process, the U.S. Geological Survey has created a series of annotated bibliographies on topics of management concern for lands in the western United States (U.S.). Oil and gas development on public lands is a long-standing and substantial component of local and regional economies and has expanded in recent decades, particularly on public lands in the western U.S. This development is associated with extensive networks of pipelines, roads, and processing facilities, across which reclamation is Federally mandated following initial well pad development (“interim” reclamation) and once resource extraction is complete (“final” reclamation). Reclamation is critical for recovering ecological services to energy-affected lands, including vegetation productivity, wildlife habitat, water and air quality, and soil stability (for example, resistance to wind and water erosion). However, reclamation of oil and gas affected lands in the western U.S. has proved challenging due to an array of regulatory and environmental factors, such as minimally developed soils, short growing seasons, herbivory, high winds, invasive species, rugged terrain, and in particular, arid climates associated with low total precipitation, high evapotranspiration rates, and highly variable precipitation patterns. We compiled and summarized journal articles, government reports, technical reports, proceedings, and theses and dissertations relevant to oil and gas reclamation. We constrained our search to products published on or before December 31, 2020 but did not limit our search by a starting date; the earliest product resulting from this effort was published in March 1969. Second, we manually scanned the last 15 years (2005-2020) of tables of contents in journals, bibliographies, and proceedings of which we were aware would contain articles highly relevant to this bibliography. We carried out the search for these products through multiple means: (1) performing a structured search of two reference databases, (2) examining articles published since 2005 in highly relevant scientific journals and conference proceedings, and (3) reviewing additional material suggested by authors of products identified in steps 1 and 2. Our search was intentionally broad in order to identify as much relevant work as possible, much of which is professionally applied and tested within the industry of oil and gas reclamation, but which remains unpublished in scientific journals. We refined the initial list of products by removing: (1) duplicates, (2) products not written in English, (3) products that were not relevant to the arid ecosystems of western North America, (4) products that were not released as research, data products, or review articles in journals or as formal scientific reports, and (5) products with data which were not relevant to reclamation of oil and gas-affected lands, or for which the study did not present new data, findings, or syntheses relevant to reclamation of oil and gas-affected lands.
We summarized each product using a consistent structure (background, objectives, methods, location, findings, and implications) and assigned standardized management topics to each. Management topics are intended to aid online searching within the bibliography and are described in more detail in the Methods Section of this report; they include what type of disturbance the product addresses (well pads, mining, pipelines), what aspect of oil and gas reclamation they pertain to (practices, standards, monitoring), what type of data are present in the product (for instance soil or vegetation recovery data), and an indication if the product were from a source other than a published, peer-reviewed outlet (such as dissertations or unpublished professional reports – these are identified as grey literature). The review process for this annotated bibliography included an initial internal colleague review of each summary, requesting input on each summary from an author of the original product, and a formal peer-review. Our initial searches resulted in 3,197 total products, of which 290 met our criteria for inclusion. “Reclamation Practices” is by far the management topic most addressed, followed by “Reclamation Monitoring,” for example, products assessing what and how monitoring methods are used to track and measure reclamation outcome. This document may be accessed at https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231068 or from the U.S. Geological Survey Publication Warehouse (https://pubs.usgs.gov/). The 1-page product summaries herein will also be used to create a bibliography at https://apps.usgs.gov/science-for-resource-managers that includes links to each original product, where available, and in which subject matter will be searchable by topic, location, and year. The studies compiled and summarized here may inform planning and management actions that seek to reclaim landscapes across the western U.S. which have been affected by oil and gas development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231068","usgsCitation":"Mann, R.K., McCormick, M.L., Munson, S.M., Cooper, H.F., Bryant, L.C., Swenson, J.K., Johnston, L.A., Wilson, S.L., and Duniway, M.C., 2024, Annotated bibliography of scientific research relevant to oil and gas reclamation best management practices in the western United States, published from 1969 through 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1068, 210 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231068.","productDescription":"viii, 210 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133481","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426562,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1068/images"},{"id":426561,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1068/ofr20231068.xml"},{"id":426560,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1068/ofr20231068.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426559,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1068/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":426563,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231068/full"}],"contact":"Southwest Biological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Drive
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Alaska’s Arctic coast has some of the highest coastal erosion rates in the world, primarily driven by permafrost thaw and increasing wave energy. In the Arctic, a warming climate is driving sea ice cover to decrease in space and time. A lack of long-term observational wave data along Alaska’s coast challenges the ability of engineers, scientists, and planners to study and address threats and effects from wave-driven erosion and flooding. To overcome the lack of available observational wave data in the nearshore in this study by the U.S. Geological Survey, waves were downscaled with the Simulating WAves Nearshore numerical wave model (SWAN) for the hindcast period of 1979 to 2019 from the United States-Canada border to the Bering Sea utilizing nine model domains. For each domain, the model was forced at the open boundary with 2,500 representative “sea states,” which are likely combinations of significant wave heights, mean wave periods, mean wave directions, and wind speeds and directions. The sea states were obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts “ERA5” dataset for reanalysis of winds and waves using a multivariant maximum-dissimilarity algorithm. The SWAN runs created a downscaled wave database at each grid point, which was used to reconstruct the 40-year time series in the nearshore along the 5- and 10-meter isobaths at locations approximately 400 m apart and corresponding to transects spaced approximately 50 m alongshore, as developed for USGS shoreline-change assessments. Reconstructed time series were compared to observations to validate the numerical model and the downscaled wave database method and showed overall good agreements.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231094","programNote":"Prepared in cooperation with Deltares USA and the University of California, Santa Cruz","usgsCitation":"Engelstad, A.C., Erikson, L.H., Reguero, B.G., Gibbs, A.E., and Nederhoff, K., 2024, Database and time series of nearshore waves along the Alaskan coast from the United States-Canada border to the Bering Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1094, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231094.","productDescription":"Report: v, 23 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-132323","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499201,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116169.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":426586,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231094/full"},{"id":426585,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1094/images"},{"id":426584,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1094/ofr20231094.xml"},{"id":426583,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1094/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":426582,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1094/ofr20231094.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Engelstad, A.C., Erikson, L.H., Reguero, B.G., Gibbs, A.E., Nederhoff, K.M., 2024, Nearshore wave time-series along the coast of Alaska computed with a numerical wave model: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9.","linkHelpText":"Nearshore wave time-series along the coast of Alaska computed with a numerical wave model"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.34514806758992,\n 65.52631288766165\n ],\n [\n -140.04436681759015,\n 65.52631288766165\n ],\n [\n -140.04436681759015,\n 71.42344314984271\n ],\n [\n -168.34514806758992,\n 71.42344314984271\n ],\n [\n -168.34514806758992,\n 65.52631288766165\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
The work reported in this publication provides updated data and interpretation for sampling years 2015 and 2022 of the juvenile monitoring project. The study objectives, background, study area, species description, and methods remained the same or similar throughout the years, while the executive summary, results, and discussion were updated each year. Therefore much of this paper was originally presented in previous reports (Bart and others 2020a, b; Bart and others, 2021; Burdick and others, 2016; Burdick and others, 2018; Martin and others, 2022) and is repeated here for the reader’s convenience.
Populations of federally endangered Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir (hereinafter, Clear Lake), California, are experiencing long-term decreases in abundance. Upper Klamath Lake populations are decreasing not only because of adult mortality, which is relatively low, but also because they are not being balanced by recruitment of young adult suckers into adult spawning aggregations.
Long-term monitoring of juvenile sucker populations is conducted to (1) determine if there are annual and species-specific differences in production, survival, and growth; (2) better understand when juvenile sucker mortality is greatest; and (3) identify potential causes of high juvenile sucker mortality particularly in Upper Klamath Lake. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitoring program, begun in 2015, tracks cohorts through summer months and among years in Upper Klamath and Clear Lakes. Data on juvenile suckers captured in trap nets are used to provide information on annual variability in age-0 sucker production, juvenile sucker apparent survival, growth, species composition, and health.
Upper Klamath Lake indices of year-class strength suggest that the 2022 age-0 cohort is the lowest since standardized monitoring began. The 2021 cohort, like most cohorts, had moderately low catch rates their first year of life, with a steep drop off during the second year. Although the 2020 cohort persisted through the September 2022 sampling, this cohort was sparsely represented after the first year with no representatives from this cohort captured from July 2021 through July 2022. Despite apparently low fall through spring apparent survival, the relatively large 2019 cohort persisted in our 2020–21 samples, but has not been detected since June 2021. Klamath largescale (Catostomus snyderi) and shortnose suckers were only differentiated from each other starting in 2020. Shortnose suckers dominated the age-1 catch in 2020 and 2022, whereas age-1 Klamath largescale suckers were slightly more prevalent in 2021. Although there were occasionally age-2 and older suckers captured, none of these fish were Lost River suckers. Except for 2015, 2017, and 2021, there were more age-0 Lost River suckers than presumed shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake. However, in all years sampled, there were more age-1 presumed shortnose suckers than Lost River suckers.
Age distribution of suckers captured in Clear Lake indicates greater juvenile survival than in Upper Klamath Lake. Most juvenile suckers captured throughout the years were from the 2016 and 2017 cohorts; however, by 2022 most of these fish were no longer susceptible to standard trap nets and were not as prevalent in 2022 juvenile catches, and these suckers presumedly recruited to the adult population. As the 2016 and 2017 cohorts catches declined, so did the catch in overall numbers of suckers. Excluding age-0 catches, the 2016 cohort catches peaked at age-3 and the 2017 catches peaked at age-2. In 2022, the majority of the catch was composed of age-3 to age-5 suckers. The majority of suckers captured in Clear Lake during this multiyear project were classified as the combination of Klamath largescale suckers and shortnose suckers from the Lost River Basin, from the 2016 and 2017 cohorts. The few suckers identified as Lost River or definitive shortnose suckers were from the 2016 and 2017 cohorts. A lack of age-0 suckers captured in Clear Lake during years with low spawning tributary inflow or lake levels suggested that low water prevented spawning and year class formation. However, recent data indicate that some cohorts with Klamath largescale and shortnose sucker genetics that were not captured as age-0 suckers were detected in later years at age-1 or age-2. This finding indicates that juvenile suckers in Clear Lake may spend one or more years in the tributaries and that these cohorts may primarily be represented by Klamath largescale suckers.
The first 7 years of this monitoring program indicated different patterns in recruitment and survival of juvenile suckers between Upper Klamath and Clear Lakes. Since the monitoring program began in 2015, age-0 sucker catch rates, interpreted as indices of year-class strength, were greatest in Upper Klamath Lake in 2016 and 2019. In those years, Lost River suckers made up the majority of age-0 sucker catches. However, in 2017 and 2020, the age-1 sucker catches from these cohorts were mainly composed of shortnose suckers or suckers with genetic markers of both Klamath largescale and shortnose suckers, indicating a low first year survival for Lost River suckers even when age-0 catches were high. Age-0 suckers do not fully recruit to our sampling gear in Upper Klamath Lake until August, experience high mortality by September, and are almost undetectable in subsequent years. In Clear Lake, suckers are often not captured until age-1 or age-2 and juvenile annual survival appears much greater; however, there does appear to be a drop-off in catch rates as the suckers age and become less susceptible to the fishing gear.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Martin, B.A., Caldwell, J.M., Krause, J.R., and Harris, A.C., 2024, Growth, survival, and cohort formation of juvenile Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir, California—2021–22 monitoring report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1013, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241013.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 39 p.; 1 Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-159115","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426337,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1013/ofr20241013.XML"},{"id":426335,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93KYGEG","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Upper Klamath Lake and Clear Lake sampling for suckers from 2015 through 2022. Reston, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey, Klamath Falls Field Station, Klamath Falls, Oregon"},{"id":426334,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241013/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1013"},{"id":426333,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1013/ofr20241013.pdf","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1013"},{"id":426332,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1013/ofr20241013.jpg"},{"id":426336,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1013/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Clear Lake Reservoir, Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.01266997658502,\n 41.93494622821743\n ],\n [\n -121.26100788006954,\n 41.93494622821743\n ],\n [\n -121.26100788006954,\n 41.786587280075025\n ],\n [\n -121.01266997658502,\n 41.786587280075025\n ],\n [\n -121.01266997658502,\n 41.93494622821743\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.78179025160858,\n 42.649405814487636\n ],\n [\n -122.11246478619483,\n 42.649405814487636\n ],\n [\n -122.11246478619483,\n 42.22404414347665\n ],\n [\n -121.78179025160858,\n 42.22404414347665\n ],\n [\n -121.78179025160858,\n 42.649405814487636\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Motile Aeromonad septicemia is a substantial concern during fish propagation and can be catastrophic for fish hatcheries. We tested the efficacy of two different drugs (florfenicol and oxytetracycline) offered with feed as possible treatment options to control mortality because of motile Aeromonad infection. We offered top-coated medicated feeds to hatchery-reared Sander vitreus (walleye) that were naturally infected with motile Aeromonad infection during two separate trials in 2011 and 2012. Substantial walleye mortality occurred before positive clinical outcomes from the medicated feed treatments were observed, and additional treatment measures were taken by hatchery staff to mitigate further mortality in their walleye production tanks. This report summarizes the data that were collected during medicated feed trials. Statistical inferences on treatment efficacy are not included because of the confounding treatments and possible secondary pathogens present throughout this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231056","usgsCitation":"Merkes, C.M., Tuttle-Lau, M.T., Schleis, S.M., and Cupp, A.R., 2024, Summary of data collected during field efficacy trials of florfenicol and oxytetracycline dihydrate in controlling mortality in walleye (Sander vitreus) because of motile Aeromonad infections: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1056, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231056.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 19 p.; Appendix; Data Release","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-141472","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426453,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VHDBCW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Trial data for field effectiveness of florfenicol and oxytetracycline dihydrate in controlling mortality in walleye (Sander vitreus)"},{"id":426454,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231056/full"},{"id":426452,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1056/downloads/","text":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"—Documentation and Data"},{"id":426451,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1056/images/"},{"id":426448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1056/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":426449,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1056/ofr20231056.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023–1056"},{"id":426450,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1056/ofr20231056.XML"}],"contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, WI 54603
This report describes scientific gaps that limit our ability to predict water-quality effects on water availability for beneficial uses across the United States. Water-quality constituents considered in the report include salinity, geogenic constituents, contaminants of emerging concern, and nitrogen. For each constituent, there is a selection of scientific gaps, approaches, and outcomes to help guide portions of the U.S. Geological Survey Water Mission Area (https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources) research portfolio and other national research efforts. Although the report is not comprehensive, and new issues are likely to emerge, it does provide an assessment of many of the major challenges and opportunities concerning water-quality effects on water availability for beneficial uses. Due to the changing nature of water-quality concerns, and to deal with issues not described in this report, it will be important to maintain broad-based expertise and flexibility to address the full spectrum of long-term water-quality issues facing the Nation’s water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231086","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A.J., Erickson, M.L., Conaway, C.H., Tomaszewski, E.J., and Green, C.T., eds., 2024, Knowledge gaps and opportunities for understanding water-quality processes affecting water availability for beneficial uses: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1086, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231086.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 81 p., 5 Chapters","numberOfPages":"81","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-148986","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499194,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116146.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":426322,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231085","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1085","description":"Harvey, J.W., Conaway, C.H., Dornblaser, M., Gellis, A., Stewart, A.R., and Green, C.T., eds., 2024, Knowledge Gaps and Opportunities in Water-Quality Drivers of Aquatic Ecosystem Health: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1085, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr202231085.","linkHelpText":"- Knowledge Gaps and Opportunities in Water-Quality Drivers of Aquatic Ecosystem Health"},{"id":426294,"rank":7,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1086/ofr20231086e.pdf","text":"Chapter E","size":"600 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Improving Predictions of Nitrogen Effects on Beneficial Uses of Water"},{"id":426293,"rank":6,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1086/ofr20231086d.pdf","text":"Chapter D","size":"700 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- The Influence of Contaminants of Emerging Concern on Beneficial Uses of Water"},{"id":426289,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1086/ofr20231086.pdf","text":"Full Report","size":"12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426288,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1086/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":426292,"rank":5,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1086/ofr20231086c.pdf","text":"Chapter C","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Geogenic Water-Quality Effects on Beneficial Uses of Water"},{"id":426290,"rank":3,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1086/ofr20231086a.pdf","text":"Chapter A","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Introduction to Water-Quality Limitations on Beneficial Uses of Water"},{"id":426291,"rank":4,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1086/ofr20231086b.pdf","text":"Chapter B","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Addressing Salinity Challenges to the Beneficial Uses of Water"}],"contact":"Water Resources Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
This report identifies key scientific gaps that limit our ability to predict water quality effects on health of aquatic ecosystems and proposes approaches to address those gaps. Topics considered include (1) coupled nutrient-carbon cycle processes and related ecological-flow-regime drivers of ecosystem health, (2) anthropogenic and geogenic toxin bioexposure, (3) fine sediment drivers of aquatic ecosystem health, and (4) freshwater salinization. Each topic is addressed in terms of scientific gaps, approaches, and timelines to help guide portions of the U.S. Geological Survey Water Mission Area (https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources) research portfolio and other national research efforts. The report provides an assessment of several of the major challenges and opportunities concerning water quality impacts on aquatic ecosystem health. It will be important to maintain broad-based expertise and flexibility to address the full range of long-term water quality issues facing the Nation’s water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231085","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J.W., Conaway, C.H., Dornblaser, M., Gellis, A., Stewart, A.R., and Green, C.T., eds., 2024, Knowledge Gaps and Opportunities in Water-Quality Drivers of Aquatic Ecosystem Health: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1085, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231085.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 72 p., 5 Chapters","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-149046","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499193,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116145.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":426323,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231086","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1086","description":"Tesoriero, A.J., Erickson, M.L., Conaway, C.H., Tomaszewski, E.J., and Green, C.T., eds., 2024, Knowledge gaps and opportunities for understanding water-quality processes affecting water availability for beneficial uses: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1086, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231086.","linkHelpText":"- Knowledge Gaps and Opportunities for Understanding Water-Quality Processes Affecting Water Availability for Beneficial Uses"},{"id":426271,"rank":5,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1085/ofr20231085c.pdf","text":"Chapter C","size":"1.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Anthropogenic and Geogenic Contaminant Bioexposures Affecting Aquatic Ecosystems"},{"id":426270,"rank":4,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1085/ofr20231085b.pdf","text":"Chapter B","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Coupled Nutrient-Carbon Cycle Processes and Related Ecological-Flow Drivers of Aquatic Health"},{"id":426267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1085/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":426269,"rank":3,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1085/ofr20231085a.pdf","text":"Chapter A","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Framework for a Gap Analysis of Aquatic Ecosystem Health"},{"id":426268,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1085/ofr20231085.pdf","text":"Full Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":426272,"rank":6,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1085/ofr20231085d.pdf","text":"Chapter D","size":"1.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Fine Sediment Drivers of Aquatic Ecosystem Health"},{"id":426273,"rank":7,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1085/ofr20231085e.pdf","text":"Chapter E","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Freshwater Salinization—An Expanding Impairment of Aquatic Ecosystem Health"}],"contact":"Water Resources Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192