Lineaments mapped on satellite images in western South Dakota define a geometry of basement blocks, and paleotectonic activity on these lineament-bound blocks is recorded in sedimentary rocks. Mapping on seven Landsat images in an area of about 100,000 km2 reveals that lineaments are best developed along azimuths of N. 60° E. to N. 90° E. and N. 30° W. to N. 60° W. Although their exact structural nature and origin are not known, these features are visualized as major zones of weakness that subdivide the crystalline Precambrian basement into discrete blocks. Several of the most prominent surface lineaments can be related to basement faults. The blocks bounded by these lineaments constitute low-relief uplifts that define the southern margin of the Williston Basin.
During deposition of the Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale, lineaments were the sites of tectonic activity. Members of the Pierre are relatively continuous throughout the area and are well dated by biostratigraphic zonation. The base of the Mobridge Member is the highest structural datum available for regional mapping. Northeast-trending surface lineaments near the White and Cheyenne Rivers have a clear expression on a subsurface structural map of this horizon. The Ardmore Bentonite Bed lies approximately 300 m (980 ft) below the Mobridge; subsurface structure contours on this datum show the active lineaments trending northwest. Isopach maps of two rock-stratigraphic units between the Ardmore and Mobridge reflect the shift in tectonic activity from early northwest sets of lineaments to later northeast trends.
The birth of the idea that led to this publication on \"Global Sand Seas\" dates back to the late 1920's. At that time I was engaged in a study of the Coconino Sandstone of Arizona's Grand Canyon. Considerable controversy existed then as to whether this sandstone was a subaqueous deposit or was composed of wind-formed dunes. It became apparent that definitive literature was sparse or lacking on types of dunes, global distribution of these types, the mechanics of their development, the precise nature of their internal structure of cross-stratificiation, and the relation of wind systems to these sand forms. Especially lacking were data on criteria that could confidently be used in the recognition of ancient dunes.
The common denominator in this publication is eolian sand bodies. Although the book is concerned primarily with desert sand seas, the subject matter is not restricted to deserts; it includes many references to deposits of coastal sand and to sand bodies in humid climates. Nor does the book deal exclusively with dunes, which, according to most definitions, involve mounds or hills. Many references are made to sand sheets, sand stringers, and other types of sand deposits that have no prominent topographic expression. All sand bodies accumulated by the action of wind are discussed.
Chapters A-J of this publication are primarily topical. Chapters cover the grain texture, the color, and the structure of modern dunes and other eolian sands. Special treatment is given to the relation of wind data to dune interpretation, the evolution of form in current-deposited sand bodies as determined from experimental studies, and the discriminant analysis technique for differentiating between coastal and inland desert sands. This topical part of the publication also includes an analysis of criteria used in ancient deposits to interpret their eolian genesis and a consideration of economic application of the principles described, including a discussion of potentials and problems associated with eolian hydrocarbon reservoirs. The final chapters present a discussion of the morphology and distribution of dunes as determined largely from Landsat images.
Chapter K of the publication is devoted to descriptions of major sand seas based largely on thematic maps derived from Landsat (ERTS) mosaics. Although inclusion herein of the actual mosaics proved to be impractical, the maps derived from them do show the distribution and abundance of various dune types and the relations of these types to certain associated features, such as bedrock, water bodies, and juxtaposed dunes. Furthermore, sand roses included with each of these maps enable the user to draw conclusions on the probable relations of wind strength and direction to dune type in a particular area.
Regional studies (chapter K) were a team effort. Analysis of the Landsat (ERTS) mosaics and mapping boundaries of individual dune types were by Carol Breed. Synthesis of the rather voluminous literature and preparation of abstracts covering it was by Camilla MacCauley. Actual preparation of maps was by Franci Lennartz and later by Sarah Andrews. The gathering of data on wind, the calculation of wind roses, and the interpretation of their relations to sand bodies were by Steven Fryberger, assisted by Gary Dean.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp1052","usgsCitation":"1979, A study of global sand seas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1052, ix, 429 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1052.","productDescription":"ix, 429 p.","numberOfPages":"439","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32135,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a61c2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McKee, Edwin D.","contributorId":60207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725490,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10931,"text":"ofr79544 - 1979 - Geologic evaluation of major Landsat lineaments in Nevada and their relationship to ore districts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:21","indexId":"ofr79544","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-544","title":"Geologic evaluation of major Landsat lineaments in Nevada and their relationship to ore districts","docAbstract":"Analysis of diverse geologic, geophysical, and geochemical data shows that eight major lineament systems delineated in Landsat images of Nevada are morphological and tonal expressions of substantially broader structural zones. Southern Nevada is dominated by the 175 km-wide northwest-trending Walker Lane, a 150 km-wide zone of east-trending lineament systems consisting of the Pancake Range, Warm Springs, and Timpahute lineament systems, and a 125 km-wide belt of northeast-trending faults termed the Pahranagat lineament system. \r\n\r\nNorthern Nevada is dominated by the northeast-trending 75-200km wide Midas Trench lineament system, which is marked by northeasterly-oriented faults, broad gravity anomalies, and the Battle Mountain heat flow high; this feature appears to extend into central Montana. The Midas Trench system is transected by the Northern Nevada Rift, a relatively narrow zone of north-northwest-trending basaltic dikes that give rise to a series of prominent aeromagnetic highs. The northwest-trending Rye Patch lineament system, situated at the northeast boundary of the Walker Lane, also intersects the Midas Trench system and is characterized by stratigraphic discontinuities and alignment of aeromagnetic anomalies. Field relationships indicate that all the lineament systems except for the Northern Nevada Rift are conjugate shears formed since mid-Miocene time during extension of the Great Basin. Metallization associated with volcanism was widespread along these systems during the 17-6 m.y. period. However, these zones appear to have been established prior to this period, probably as early as Precambr-an time. These lineament systems are interpreted to be old, fundamental, structural zones that have been reactivated episodically as stress conditions !changed in the western United States. Many metal districts are localized within these zones as magma rose along the pre-existing conduits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr79544","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., and Wetlaufer, P.H., 1979, Geologic evaluation of major Landsat lineaments in Nevada and their relationship to ore districts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-544, iii, 87 p. :ill., maps (1 col., 1 fold.) ;40 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79544.","productDescription":"iii, 87 p. :ill., maps (1 col., 1 fold.) ;40 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0544/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38697,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0544/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38698,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0544/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abad5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, Lawrence C.","contributorId":58629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetlaufer, Pamela Heald","contributorId":35317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetlaufer","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"Heald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10930,"text":"ofr78736 - 1979 - Evaluation of Landsat multispectral scanner images for mapping altered rocks in the East Tintic Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-29T19:40:28.8665","indexId":"ofr78736","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-736","title":"Evaluation of Landsat multispectral scanner images for mapping altered rocks in the East Tintic Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"The East Tintic Mountains, Utah consist of folded and faulted Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, which are partly covered by Tertiary volcanic rocks. Clastic rocks dominate the lower one-third of the Paleozoic section, whereas carbonate rocks with subordinate amounts of shale and elastic rocks predominate in the remainder. Some of the rocks, especially the Tintic Quartzite and some shales, are commonly limonitic, an important factor in analysis of Landsat MSS images. The volcanic rocks, mainly tuffs, flows, and agglomerates of quartz latitic and latitic composition, are limonitic in a few places where hematite is present in the groundmass.
Emplacement of monzonite and biotite monzonite porphyry bodies resulted in several types of altered rocks. Most widespread are argillized and silicified rocks, which are commonly bleached and limonitic. Locally, the intrusive rocks arc also altered. Hydrothermal dolomite is common in the northern part of the area, and in the East Tintic mining district, calcitic, chloritic, and weakly argillized volcanic rocks and pebble dikes are widespread. Volcanic rocks subjected to an early phase of \"intravolcanic weathering\" in this district are weakly altered but commonly limonitic. Barren as well as mineralized veins are present throughout the study area.
In situ spectral reflectance curves representing the most abundant altered and unaltered rocks show that the argillized and silicified rocks generally have intense ferric-iron and hydroxyl absorption bands owing to the presence of iron-oxide and hydroxyl-bearing phases, respectively. These features are generally absent in the unaltered rocks, except the limonitic rocks, which have prominent iron absorption hands. Both spectral features are weakly expressed in the volcanic rocks subjected to accelerated weathering, On the other hand, hydrothermal dolomite and calcitic volcanic rocks generally lack both features, and thus are spectrally similar to the unaltered rocks. Chloritic rocks are of limited distribution and have not been measured spectrally.
Most of the silicified and argillized areas are apparent in Skylab S190B, high altitude-, and low altitude color aerial photographs because of the high albedo of these rocks. However, many unaltered rocks have similar albedos and therefore are not distinguishable from the altered rocks. Moreover, very little color information is available in these photographs. These problems are further complicated by brightness variations related to topographic slope.
MSS ratio images were generated to subdue the effects of topographic slope and albedo, and combined into several color composite images for displaying the spectral reflectance differences between the most widespread altered and unaltered rocks. The most effective combination proved to be MSS 4/5, MSS 4/6, and MSS 6/7 using blue, yellow and magenta diazo films, respectively, rather than the MSS 4/5, MSS 5/6, and MSS 6/7 combination used so successfully in south-central Nevada. Consideration of schematic frequency distributions of ratio values for these two areas suggests that the lack of enhancement of limonitic rocks in MSS 5/6 images of the present study area is due to the higher frequency of low ratios representing vegetation.
Comparison of a limonitic bedrock map produced by scanning the optimum color-ratio composite image with a map of the silicified rocks shows good agreement, except where they are obscured by vegetation. Measurements of vegetation density indicate that shrub cover and. juniper, pinyon, and sage cover greater than 40-50 and 33-43 percent, respectively, obscure limonitic rocks in these images. Argillized rocks, the most widely distributed altered rock type, were consistently detected in exposed areas. On the other hand, hydrothermal dolomite and calcitic and chloritic volcanic rocks are not portrayed in the limonitic bedrock map because of their general lack of limonite. Some altered rocks, especially veins and pebble dikes, are too small to be detected by the MSS except where they are closely spaced and well exposed.
Another important limitation is that exposures of unaltered limonitic sedimentary and volcanic rocks are included in the limonitic bedrock map. Analysis of in situ spectral reflectance measurements indicates that this limitation can be largely overcome by obtaining radiance information in the 2.2 and 1.6 μm regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78736","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., and Abrams, M.J., 1979, Evaluation of Landsat multispectral scanner images for mapping altered rocks in the East Tintic Mountains, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-736, iii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78736.","productDescription":"iii, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142397,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0736/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":425090,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0736/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"East Tintic Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.24469940984451,\n 40.09365387006196\n ],\n [\n -112.24469940984451,\n 39.96382253126157\n ],\n [\n -112.08479459294077,\n 39.96382253126157\n ],\n [\n -112.08479459294077,\n 40.09365387006196\n ],\n [\n -112.24469940984451,\n 40.09365387006196\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faffc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, Lawrence C.","contributorId":58629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrams, Michael J.","contributorId":15192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8394,"text":"ofr791057 - 1979 - Geometric fidelity of new digitially processed Landsat images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-05T22:59:27.360706","indexId":"ofr791057","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1057","title":"Geometric fidelity of new digitially processed Landsat images","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791057","usgsCitation":"Colvocoresses, A.P., 1979, Geometric fidelity of new digitially processed Landsat images: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1057, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791057.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":432256,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1057/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142088,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1057/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c592","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvocoresses, Alden P.","contributorId":72779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvocoresses","given":"Alden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":157650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8389,"text":"ofr79368 - 1979 - Landsat lineaments in parts of West Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-15T13:31:10.898046","indexId":"ofr79368","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-368","title":"Landsat lineaments in parts of West Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, and Virginia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79368","usgsCitation":"Colton, G.W., 1979, Landsat lineaments in parts of West Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-368, Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 16.90 x 21.62 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79368.","productDescription":"Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 16.90 x 21.62 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0368/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35966,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0368/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35965,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0368/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420796,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_28390.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.367,\n 39.8\n ],\n [\n -84.367,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -79.517,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -79.517,\n 39.8\n ],\n [\n -84.367,\n 39.8\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abb54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colton, George Willis","contributorId":12015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colton","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Willis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8263,"text":"ofr79699 - 1979 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of western Arctic Alaska, 1976 and 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-08T12:27:04","indexId":"ofr79699","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-699","title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of western Arctic Alaska, 1976 and 1977","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance of the water resources of the western Arctic was conducted during April 1976 and August 1977. Data were collected at 9 springs, 9 lakes and 22 stream sites.
Using slope-conveyance methods based on field evidence, estimates of bankfull and maximum evident flood-peak discharges were made for 20 selected streams. Maximum evident flood peak discharges ranged from 7.0 to 80.8 (ft3/s )/mi2 and averaged 30.1 (ft3/s)/mi2. These estimates bore no obvious relation to either drainage basin physiography or climatalogical characteristics. Both the bankfull and maximum evident flood-peak discharges were generally less than the 50-year flood and greater than the 2-year flood estimates made using regression relations developed from Alaska stream gaging records and drainage basin characteristics.
Springs were found only in the foothills of the Brooks Range. Their discharge ranged from 1.42 ft3/s at the Eli River spring to 13.0 ft3/s at North Fork Squirrel River spring. Water temperatures of springs sampled ranged from 0.00C at the Omikviorok spring to 3.50C at the Kavrorak Springs near Kivalina. The nine springs were found by noting the locations of the associated icings on Landsat imagery of the previous year.
Eleven stream sites were sampled under winter conditions; all were on the Arctic Slope. No winter streamflow was found at any of the streams. It appears that the streamflow on the Arctic Slope ceases in late winter except for limited local zones of ground-water discharge that form icings.
Ice thickness on most lakes was 6 ft except at Teshekpuk Lake where the ice was 8 ft thick. Three of the nine lakes examined were frozen to the bottom.
Winter water quality of the lakes and of standing water at stream sites was characterized by higher specific conductivity values than in summer. At three of the five lakes where specific conductance was measured, it was equal to or greater than 700 micromhos per centimeter at 25°C; at four of the five rivers where standing water was found, it was more than 400 micromhos per centimeter at 25°C.
Biological sampling was done to identify the widest range of benthic invertebrates likely to be present in a representative reach of a stream. A total of nine spring sites was sampled using drift nets in April 1976. Twenty-one stream sites and one spring were sampled in August 1977 by dip nets. Total numbers of organisms collected using drift net sampling in April 1976 ranged from 0 to 480. Total numbers of organisms collected by dip net sampling in August 1977 ranged from 0 to 776.
A hydrologic reconnaissance of the eastern Alaskan Arctic Slope was completed in 1975. The work covered in this report and in the 1975 companion report represents a preliminary hydrologic reconnaissance for the entire Alaskan Arctic Slope and western foothills regions of the Brooks Range.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79699","usgsCitation":"Childers, J.M., Kernodle, D.R., and Loeffler, R.M., 1979, Hydrologic reconnaissance of western Arctic Alaska, 1976 and 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-699, v, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79699.","productDescription":"v, 70 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":361897,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0699/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0699/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 71.5\n ],\n [\n -167,\n 71.5\n ],\n [\n -167,\n 66\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childers, Joseph M.","contributorId":14379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kernodle, Donald R.","contributorId":63003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loeffler, Robert M.","contributorId":80672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loeffler","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10775,"text":"ofr79596 - 1979 - Evaluation of a color-coded Landsat 5/6 ratio image for mapping lithologic differences in western South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:34","indexId":"ofr79596","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-596","title":"Evaluation of a color-coded Landsat 5/6 ratio image for mapping lithologic differences in western South Dakota","docAbstract":"From analysis of a color-coded Landsat 5/6 ratio, image, a map of the vegetation density distribution has been produced by Raines of 25,000 sq km of western South Dakota. This 5/6 ratio image is produced digitally calculating the ratios of the bands 5 and 6 of the Landsat data and then color coding these ratios in an image. Bretz and Shurr compared this vegetation density map with published and unpublished data primarily of the U.S. Geological Survey and the South Dakota Geological Survey; good correspondence is seen between this map and existing geologic maps, especially with the soils map. We believe that this Landsat ratio image can be used as a tool to refine existing maps of surficial geology and bedrock, where bedrock is exposed, and to improve mapping accuracy in areas of poor exposure common in South Dakota. In addition, this type of image could be a useful, additional tool in mapping areas that are unmapped.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr79596","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., Bretz, R., and Shurr, G.W., 1979, Evaluation of a color-coded Landsat 5/6 ratio image for mapping lithologic differences in western South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-596, 22 p., 1 sheet :fold. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79596.","productDescription":"22 p., 1 sheet :fold. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0596/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38577,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0596/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38578,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0596/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faf8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, Gary L.","contributorId":48162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bretz, R.F.","contributorId":88358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bretz","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shurr, George W.","contributorId":78741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shurr","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10716,"text":"ofr791604 - 1979 - Thrust fault zones in the Allegheny Plateau of north-central Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:25","indexId":"ofr791604","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1604","title":"Thrust fault zones in the Allegheny Plateau of north-central Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Field investigations in the Williamsport Valley identify lineaments found on Landsat III images, have shown the presence of six discrete fault zones that strike subparallel to the trend of the Appalachian folds. These zones range from 0.5 to 1.75 km in width and from at least 10 km to more than 50 km in length. The individual thrust faults within each zone occur in 'staircase-type' folds and are at a low angle to bedding. Although each individual fault may have 0nly centimeters to displacement, many of these individual faults appear to exist within the six zones. We believe that the stress that produced that Valley and Ridge folds to the south was largely dissipated in faulting in the Williamsport Valley. This dissipation of the stress would explain the presence of only broad open folds to the north on the Allegheny Plateau. The extreme faulting in the Williamsport Valley along with the unique 'staircase' and 'reverse staircase' structures may result in fracture porosity traps at depth.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr791604","usgsCitation":"Pohn, H.A., and Purdy, T.L., 1979, Thrust fault zones in the Allegheny Plateau of north-central Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1604, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791604.","productDescription":"16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1604/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38527,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1604/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pohn, Howard A.","contributorId":66681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohn","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Purdy, Terri L.","contributorId":87950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purdy","given":"Terri","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8402,"text":"ofr791527 - 1979 - Stereocombination of Landsat and aeromagnetic data, Claunch, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-30T17:57:05.777738","indexId":"ofr791527","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1527","title":"Stereocombination of Landsat and aeromagnetic data, Claunch, New Mexico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791527","usgsCitation":"Colvocoresses, A.P., 1979, Stereocombination of Landsat and aeromagnetic data, Claunch, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1527, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791527.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498179,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1527/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142150,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1527/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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Daniel H. dknepper@usgs.gov","contributorId":1242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepper","given":"Daniel","email":"dknepper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":160412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9898,"text":"ofr79533 - 1979 - Enhancement of Landsat images for lineament analysis in the area of the Salina Basin, New York and Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:11","indexId":"ofr79533","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-533","title":"Enhancement of Landsat images for lineament analysis in the area of the Salina Basin, New York and Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Digital image processing of Landsat images of New York and Pennsylvania was undertaken to provide optimum images for lineament analysis in the area of the Salina Basin. Preliminary examination of Landsat images from photographic prints indicated sufficient differences between the spectral bands of the Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) to warrant digital processing of both MSS band 7 and MSS band 5. Selective contrast stretching based on analysis of the Landsat MSS histograms proved to be the most important factor affecting the appearance of the images. A three-point linear stretch using the two end points and a middle point to the Landsat frequency distribution was most successful. The flexibility of the REMAPP image processing system was helpful in creating such custom-tailored stretches. An edge enhancement was tested on the MSS band 5 image, but was not used. Stereoscopic Landsat images acquired from adjacent orbits aided recognition of topographic features; the area of stereoscopic coverage could be increased by utilizing the precession of Landsat-1?s orbit . Improvements in the digitally processed scenes did affect the analysis of lineaments for the New York area; on the enhanced MSS band 5 image, an ENE trending set of lineaments is visible, which was not recognized from other images.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr79533","usgsCitation":"Krohn, M.D., 1979, Enhancement of Landsat images for lineament analysis in the area of the Salina Basin, New York and Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-533, iii, 39 leaves, [8] leaves of plates :ill. ;28 cm.; (49 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79533.","productDescription":"iii, 39 leaves, [8] leaves of plates :ill. ;28 cm.; (49 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0533/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37691,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0533/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602695","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krohn, M. Dennis dkrohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"M.","email":"dkrohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Dennis","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":160481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70112368,"text":"70112368 - 1979 - Surveying Antarctica: from dogsled to satellite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T15:35:24","indexId":"70112368","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T16:43:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":685,"text":"Air and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surveying Antarctica: from dogsled to satellite","docAbstract":"Base maps of Antarctica are needed at scales of 1:250,000 to plot scientific data, yet after 20 years of a major mapping effort, only about 20 percent of the continent has been accurately mapped using aerial photographs and ground surveys. Encompassing nearly 14.3 million square kilometers (5.5 million square miles), Antarctica still presents a formidable mapping task. Except for the area around the geographic South Pole, Landsat could, in just a few years, provide the images to planimetrically map Antarctica at such scales as 1:250,000. Just 11 Landsat images would encompass the same area mapped to date at a 1:250,000 scale. Navigation satellite data from ground stations can provide the necessary horizontal and vertical ground control in many areas. Other polar orbiting satellites could be used to establish elevation profiles of the ice surfaces on Antarctica. If this presently available space technology is fully utilized, the scientific exploration of the huge Antarctic continent will be greatly accelerated, fulfilling one of the goals Commander Byrd began to work toward 50 years ago.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Air and Space Museum","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Williams, R., 1979, Surveying Antarctica: from dogsled to satellite: Air and Space, v. 3, no. 1, p. 3-4.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc18e4b0e83db6d09013","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70112367,"text":"70112367 - 1979 - Satellite-aided evaluation of population exposure to air pollution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T11:38:21","indexId":"70112367","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T16:38:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite-aided evaluation of population exposure to air pollution","docAbstract":"The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 set schedules for states to implement regional, spatial assessments of air quality impacts. Accordingly, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recently published guidelines for quantifying population exposure to adverse air quality impact by using air quality and population data by census tracts. Our research complements the EPA guidelines in that it demonstrates the ability to determine population exposure to air pollution through computer processing that utilizes Landsat satellite-derived land use information. Three variables-a 1985 estimate of total suspended particulates for 2-km2 grid cells, Landsat-derived residential land cover data for 0.45-ha cells, and population totals for census tracts-were spatially registered and cross-tabulated to produce tabular and map products illustrating relative air quality exposure for residential population by 2-km2 cells. It would cost $20,000 to replicate our analysis for an area similar in size to the 4000-km2 Portland area. Once completed, the spatially fine, computer-compatible air quality and population data are amenable to the timely and efficient generation of population-at-risk tabular and map information on a continuous or periodic basis.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/es60156a014","usgsCitation":"Todd, W.J., George, A.J., and Bryant, N.A., 1979, Satellite-aided evaluation of population exposure to air pollution: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 13, no. 8, p. 970-974, https://doi.org/10.1021/es60156a014.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"970","endPage":"974","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288575,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es60156a014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.836995,45.432393 ], [ -122.836995,45.65248 ], [ -122.471849,45.65248 ], [ -122.471849,45.432393 ], [ -122.836995,45.432393 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc14e4b0e83db6d08fe7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, William J.","contributorId":51595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, Anthony J. Jr.","contributorId":11123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Anthony","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryant, Nevin A.","contributorId":9180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Nevin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70112366,"text":"70112366 - 1979 - Satellites monitor Atlanta regional development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:06:18","indexId":"70112366","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T16:32:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3110,"text":"Practicing Planner","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellites monitor Atlanta regional development","docAbstract":"Since the adoption of a Regional Development Plan in 1975, the Atlanta Regional Commission has investigated methods for monitoring regional development patterns in a periodic, efficient manner. A promising approach appears to be the use of Landsat satellite data. In cooperation with the Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center, the commission used machine processing of digital temporal overlays of Landsat data collected in 1972, 1974 and 1976 to detect land use and land cover changes in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Results of the analysis revealed the conversion of forested and open space areas to residential, commercial and industrial land use in the urban-rural fringe zone from 1972 to 1974 and from 1974 to 1976. The study indicated that a land use and land cover change-detection program may be used to revise small-area forecasts of land use, population and employment made by planning models.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Planners","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Todd, W.J., Blackmon, C., and Rudasill, R., 1979, Satellites monitor Atlanta regional development: Practicing Planner, v. 9, no. 1, p. 6-10.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.551819,33.647808 ], [ -84.551819,33.887618 ], [ -84.289389,33.887618 ], [ -84.289389,33.647808 ], [ -84.551819,33.647808 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc14e4b0e83db6d08feb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, William J.","contributorId":51595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blackmon, C.C.","contributorId":63321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackmon","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rudasill, R.G. Jr.","contributorId":62525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudasill","given":"R.G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70112365,"text":"70112365 - 1979 - Inventory and mapping of flood inundation using interactive digital image analysis techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:06:39","indexId":"70112365","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T16:30:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inventory and mapping of flood inundation using interactive digital image analysis techniques","docAbstract":"LANDSAT digital data and color infra-red photographs were used in a multiphase sampling scheme to estimate the area of agricultural land affected by a flood. The LANDSAT data were classified with a maximum likelihood algorithm. Stratification of the LANDSAT data, prior to classification, greatly reduced misclassification errors. The classification results were used to prepare a map overlay showing the areal extent of flooding. These data also provided statistics required to estimate sample size in a two phase sampling scheme, and provided quick, accurate estimates of areas flooded for the first phase. The measurements made in the second phase, based on ground data and photo-interpretation, were used with two phase sampling statistics to estimate the area of agricultural land affected by flooding These results show that LANDSAT digital data can be used to prepare map overlays showing the extent of flooding on agricultural land and, with two phase sampling procedures, can provide acreage estimates with sampling errors of about 5 percent. This procedure provides a technique for rapidly assessing the areal extent of flood conditions on agricultural land and would provide a basis for designing a sampling framework to estimate the impact of flooding on crop production.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Canada","usgsCitation":"Rohde, W.G., Nelson, C.A., and Taranik, J., 1979, Inventory and mapping of flood inundation using interactive digital image analysis techniques: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 5, no. 1, p. 43-52.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc06e4b0e83db6d08f7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rohde, Wayne G.","contributorId":84630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohde","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Charles A.","contributorId":59725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taranik, J. V.","contributorId":91658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taranik","given":"J. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70112362,"text":"70112362 - 1979 - What is a picture worth? A history of remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:07:01","indexId":"70112362","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T16:27:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1926,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What is a picture worth? A history of remote sensing","docAbstract":"Remote sensing is the use of electromagnetic energy to measure the physical properties of distant objects. It includes photography and geophysical surveying as well as newer techniques that use other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. The history of remote sensing begins with photography. The origin of other types of remote sensing can be traced to World War II, with the development of radar, sonar, and thermal infrared detection systems. Since the 1960s, sensors have been designed to operate in virtually all of the electromagnetic spectrum. Today a wide variety of remote sensing instruments are available for use in hydrological studies; satellite data, such as Skylab photographs and Landsat images are particularly suitable for regional problems and studies. Planned future satellites will provide a ground resolution of 10–80 m.
\nRemote sensing is currently used for hydrological applications in most countries of the world. The range of applications includes groundwater exploration determination of physical water quality, snowfield mapping, flood-inundation delineation, and making inventories of irrigated land. The use of remote sensing commonly results in considerable hydrological information at minimal cost. This information can be used to speed-up the development of water resources, to improve management practices, and to monitor environmental problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences","doi":"10.1080/02626667909491887","usgsCitation":"Moore, G.K., 1979, What is a picture worth? A history of remote sensing: Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, v. 24, no. 4, p. 477-485, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491887.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"477","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491887","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288571,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491887"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc62e4b0e83db6d09087","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Gerald K.","contributorId":14377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159097,"text":"70159097 - 1979 - Availability of communication links for transfer of Landsat Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:08:30","indexId":"70159097","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Availability of communication links for transfer of Landsat Data","docAbstract":"This document outlines the availability of civil satellite and ground communication links existent within the international community and the USA which have direct applicability in the operational transfer of Landsat data between nations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","doi":"10.3133/70159097","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1979, Availability of communication links for transfer of Landsat Data, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70159097.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310351,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159097/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":309925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70159097.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620ce4ee4b06217fc478ac1"} ,{"id":70236557,"text":"70236557 - 1979 - Remote sensing applications for monitoring strip mines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-09T16:40:20.726705","indexId":"70236557","displayToPublicDate":"1979-12-31T11:38:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Remote sensing applications for monitoring strip mines","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of Landsat workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Carneggie, D.M., 1979, Remote sensing applications for monitoring strip mines, in Proceedings of Landsat workshop, p. 89-93.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"93","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carneggie, David M.","contributorId":62758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carneggie","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70231275,"text":"70231275 - 1979 - Forest stand classification in western Washington using Landsat and computer-based resource data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-04T16:43:43.457709","indexId":"70231275","displayToPublicDate":"1979-05-01T11:28:29","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Forest stand classification in western Washington using Landsat and computer-based resource data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"13th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","conferenceDate":"April 23-27, 1979","conferenceLocation":"Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States","language":"English","publisher":"University of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G., Barthmaier, E.W., Gregg, T.W., and Aulds, R.E., 1979, Forest stand classification in western Washington using Landsat and computer-based resource data, in Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 3, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, April 23-27, 1979, p. 1681-1696.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1681","endPage":"1696","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://symposia.org/past_symposia.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -124.815673828125,\n 48.40003249610685\n ],\n [\n -124.727783203125,\n 48.32703913063476\n ],\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 48.23199134320962\n ],\n [\n -124.771728515625,\n 48.158757304569235\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -124.68383789062499,\n 47.879512933970496\n ],\n [\n -124.552001953125,\n 47.82790816919329\n ],\n [\n -124.508056640625,\n 47.746711194756\n ],\n [\n -124.37622070312501,\n 47.34626718205302\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 47.24194882163242\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 47.100044694025215\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 46.897739085507\n ],\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -124.09057617187499,\n 46.255846818480315\n ],\n [\n -123.629150390625,\n 46.240651955001695\n ],\n [\n -123.48632812499999,\n 46.255846818480315\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 46.172222978455395\n ],\n [\n -123.277587890625,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -123.18969726562499,\n 46.20264638061019\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 46.18743678432541\n ],\n [\n -122.92602539062501,\n 46.11132565729796\n ],\n [\n -122.78320312499999,\n 45.82114340079471\n ],\n [\n -122.772216796875,\n 45.69083283645816\n ],\n [\n -122.44262695312501,\n 45.52944081525666\n ],\n [\n -122.178955078125,\n 45.56021795715051\n ],\n [\n -121.84936523437499,\n 45.69850658738846\n ],\n [\n -121.695556640625,\n 45.66780526567164\n ],\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 45.729191061299915\n ],\n [\n -121.387939453125,\n 45.69850658738846\n ],\n [\n -121.201171875,\n 45.61403741135093\n ],\n [\n -121.03637695312499,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -120.88256835937499,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -120.640869140625,\n 45.75219336063106\n ],\n [\n -120.487060546875,\n 45.68315803253308\n ],\n [\n -120.1904296875,\n 45.71385093029221\n ],\n [\n -120.091552734375,\n 45.78284835197676\n ],\n [\n -119.84985351562499,\n 45.836454050187726\n ],\n [\n -119.981689453125,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -123.34350585937499,\n 49.01625665778159\n ],\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 48.83579746243093\n ],\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 48.785151998043155\n ],\n [\n -123.29956054687501,\n 48.69821216562637\n ],\n [\n -123.23364257812499,\n 48.53843177405044\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 48.45106561953216\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 48.30512072140391\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 48.23199134320962\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 48.32703913063476\n ],\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 48.516604348867475\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, G. R.","contributorId":90290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barthmaier, E. W.","contributorId":291375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barthmaier","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gregg, T. W. D.","contributorId":291376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gregg","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aulds, R. E.","contributorId":291377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aulds","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70231444,"text":"70231444 - 1979 - Digital image processing system For Landsat 3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T17:37:52.451391","indexId":"70231444","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T12:20:19","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Digital image processing system For Landsat 3","docAbstract":"The Department of Interior (DOI) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have entered into a joint program to provide a digital image processing system in support of the Landsat 3 mission. NASA will provide the data reception and pre-processing facilities, while the DOI provides the production image processing system that generates film products and computer compatible tapes for users. The system procured by the DOI's U.S. Geological Survey was installed at the Earth Resources Observation System Data Center (EDC) in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The EDC Digital Image Processing System (EDIPS) is capable of operating in standard or special formats. During 13 hours of operation, the system can process up to 200 five-band Multispectral Scanner (MSS) scenes and 160 Return Beam Vidicon (RBV) subscenes in the standard mode plus up to 60 scenes/subscenes in the special-order mode. The input media for the system are High Density Tapes (HDT's) generated by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). These tapes contain two types of data: those that have been radiometrically and geometrically corrected with resampling of the data to fit a known map projection, and those that have been radiometrically corrected but have not been geometrically corrected or resampled. The system can provide 185 mm (MSS) and 198 mm (RBV) black and white film products for each MSS band or RBV subscene via a high resolution laser beam recorder. The CCT's generated by the system are compatible with the HDT format, and are available either in Band Sequential (BSQ) or Band Interleaved by Line (BIL) data. This paper will present both an overview of the total NASA/DOI system and a detailed discussion of the EDC Digital Image Processing System that is installed at the USGS facility in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings volume 0183, Space Optics II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"1979 Huntsville Technical Symposium","conferenceDate":"September 27, 1979","conferenceLocation":"Huntsville, Alabama, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers","doi":"10.1117/12.957420","usgsCitation":"Harris, G., 1979, Digital image processing system For Landsat 3, in Proceedings volume 0183, Space Optics II, v. 183, Huntsville, Alabama, United States, September 27, 1979, p. 235-254, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.957420.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Sioux Falls","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.85478210449219,\n 43.47883342917123\n ],\n [\n -96.60690307617188,\n 43.47883342917123\n ],\n [\n -96.60690307617188,\n 43.64750394449096\n ],\n [\n -96.85478210449219,\n 43.64750394449096\n ],\n [\n -96.85478210449219,\n 43.47883342917123\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"183","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, George Jr.","contributorId":291592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039216,"text":"70039216 - 1978 - National Cartographic Information Center Newsletter No. 8","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-27T01:01:50","indexId":"70039216","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:02:32","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":373,"text":"Newsletter","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"8","title":"National Cartographic Information Center Newsletter No. 8","docAbstract":"In this issue we cover several interesting topics, including a report on the NCIC/Special Libraries Association meeting in Denver, the launching of a third Landsat satellite with a new thermal band, and the formation of a new California map society.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039216","issn":"0749-5781","collaboration":"National Cartographic Information Center Newsletter No. 8, Spring 1978","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, National Cartographic Information Center Newsletter No. 8: Newsletter 8, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039216.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":409,"text":"National Cartographic Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261390,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039216/report.pdf"},{"id":261391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039216/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a619fe4b0c8380cd71a8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162739,"text":"70162739 - 1978 - Inventory of land use and land cover of the Puget Sound region using Landsat digital data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T12:58:00","indexId":"70162739","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inventory of land use and land cover of the Puget Sound region using Landsat digital data","docAbstract":"Landsat multispectral scanner digital data from four bands were analyzed using computers to produce land use and land cover information of the Puget Sound region, Wash., for use by agencies in that area. The data were first geographically registered to map coordinates. This registration enabled samples of known land cover types to be digitized from the maps. Samples of the same land cover were grouped together and then subdivided by cluster analysis into spectrally similar classes. Spectral categories were associated with specific land cover classes and used to determine spectral signatures for classification of the entire region. Reclustering and reclassification techniques were developed and then employed to minimize certain classification errors. The classified data were displayed in color using a film recorder. This color image was enlarged photographically to a 1:100000 scale to match new base maps of the region. Although the result resembles a conventional polygonal land use and land cover map, certain image-like qualities remain and yield additional information about the landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Gaydos, L., and Newland, W.L., 1978, Inventory of land use and land cover of the Puget Sound region using Landsat digital data: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 807-814.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"814","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.431396484375,\n 47.00273390667881\n ],\n [\n -123.431396484375,\n 48.16242149265211\n ],\n [\n -121.95922851562501,\n 48.16242149265211\n ],\n [\n -121.95922851562501,\n 47.00273390667881\n ],\n [\n -123.431396484375,\n 47.00273390667881\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b68e4b0403299f53a7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaydos, Leonard","contributorId":79888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newland, Willard L.","contributorId":152700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newland","given":"Willard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012473,"text":"70012473 - 1978 - Arctic continental shelf morphology related to sea-ice zonation, Beaufort Sea, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:55:47.548736","indexId":"70012473","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arctic continental shelf morphology related to sea-ice zonation, Beaufort Sea, Alaska","docAbstract":"Landsat-1 and NOAA satellite imagery for the winter 1972–1973, and a variety of ice and sea-floor data were used to study sea-ice zonation and dynamics and their relation to bottom morphology and geology on the Beaufort Sea continental shelf of arctic Alaska.
In early winter the location of the boundary between undeformed fast ice and westward-drifting pack ice of the Pacific Gyre is controlled by major coastal promontories. Pronounced linear pressure- and shear-ridges, as well as hummock fields, form along this boundary and are stabilized by grounding, generally between the 10- and 20-m isobaths. Slippage along this boundary occurs intermittently at or seaward of the grounded ridges, forming new grounded ridges in a widening zone, the stamukhi zone, which by late winter extends out to the 40-m isobath. Between intermittent events along the stamukhi zone, pack-ice drift and slippage is continuous along the shelf edge, at average rates of 3–10 km/day. Whether slippage occurs along the stamukhi zone or along the shelf edge, it is restricted to a zone several hundred meters wide, and ice seaward of the slip face moves at uniform rates without discernible drag effects.
A causal relationship is seen between the spatial distribution of major ice-ridge systems and offshore shoals downdrift of major coastal promontories. The shoals appear to have migrated shoreward under the influence of ice up to 400 m in the last 25 years. The sea floor seaward of these shoals within the stamukhi zone shows high ice-gouge density, large incision depths, and a high degree of disruption of internal sedimentary structures. The concentration of large ice ridges and our sea floor data in the stamukhi zone indicate that much of the available marine energy is expended here, while the inner shelf and coast, where the relatively undeformed fast ice grows, are sheltered. There is evidence that anomalies in the overall arctic shelf profile are related to sea-ice zonation, ice dynamics, and bottom processes. A proposed ice zonation, including zones of (1) bottom-fast ice, (2) floating fast ice, (3) stamukhi, and (4) seasonal pack ice, emphasizes ice interaction with the shelf surface and differs from previous zonation.
Certain aspects of the results reported here are directly applicable to planned offshore developments in the Prudhoe Bay oil field. Properly placed artificial structures similar to offshore shoals should be able to withstand the forces of the ice, serve to modify the observed ice zonation, and might be used to make the environment less hostile to human activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(78)90018-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., Toimil, L., and Barnes, P., 1978, Arctic continental shelf morphology related to sea-ice zonation, Beaufort Sea, Alaska: Marine Geology, v. 28, no. 3-4, p. 179-210, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(78)90018-X.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"210","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221949,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.95988350415863,\n 71.13296067931378\n ],\n [\n -167.95988350415863,\n 68.37053168683431\n ],\n [\n -157.50512865265642,\n 68.37053168683431\n ],\n [\n -157.50512865265642,\n 71.13296067931378\n ],\n [\n -167.95988350415863,\n 71.13296067931378\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed53e4b0c8380cd49736","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toimil, L.","contributorId":65603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toimil","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, P.","contributorId":73331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}