A regional low-flow survey of small, perennial streams in western Washington was initiated by the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission (NWIFC), NWIFC-member tribes, and Point-No-Point Treaty Council in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey in 2007 and repeated by the tribes during the low-flow seasons of 2008–09. Low-flow measurements at 63 partial-record and miscellaneous streamflow-measurement sites during surveys in 2007–09 are used with concurrent flows at continuous streamflow-gaging stations (index sites) within the U.S. Geological Survey network to estimate the low-flow metric Q7,10 at each measurement site (Q7,10 is defined as the lowest average streamflow for a consecutive 7-day period that recurs on average once every 10 years). Index-site correlation methods for estimating low-flow characteristics at partial-record sites are reviewed and an empirical Monte Carlo technique is used with the daily streamflow record at 43 index sites to determine the error and bias associated with estimating the Q7,10 at synthetic partial-record sites using three methods: Q-ratio, MOVE.1, and Base-Flow Correlation. The Q-ratio method generally has the lowest error and least amount of bias for 170 scenarios, with each scenario defined by the number of concurrent flow measurements between the partial-record and index sites (ranging from 4 to 20) and the combination of basin attributes used to select the index site. The root-mean square error for the Q-ratio method ranged from 70 to 118 percent, depending on the scenario. The scenario with the smallest root-mean square error used four concurrent flow measurements and the basin attributes: basin area, mean annual precipitation, and base-flow recession time constant, also referred to as tau (τ).
\nRegional low-flow regression models for estimating Q7,10 at ungaged stream sites are developed from the records of daily discharge at 65 continuous gaging stations (including 22 discontinued gaging stations) for the purpose of evaluating explanatory variables. By incorporating the base-flow recession time constant τ as an explanatory variable in the regression model, the root-mean square error for estimating Q7,10 at ungaged sites can be lowered to 72 percent (for known values of τ), which is 42 percent less than if only basin area and mean annual precipitation are used as explanatory variables. If partial-record sites are included in the regression data set, τ must be estimated from pairs of discharge measurements made during continuous periods of declining low flows. Eight measurement pairs are optimal for estimating τ at partial-record sites, and result in a lowering of the root-mean square error by 25 percent. A low-flow survey strategy that includes paired measurements at partial-record sites requires additional effort and planning beyond a standard strategy, but could be used to enhance regional estimates of τ and potentially reduce the error of regional regression models for estimating low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission","usgsCitation":"Curran, C.A., Eng, K., and Konrad, C.P., 2012, Analysis of low flows and selected methods for estimating low-flow characteristics at partial-record and ungaged stream sites in western Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5078, vi, 36 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125078.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.; Appendix","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5078.jpg"},{"id":256899,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5078/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.83333333333333,49.25 ], [ -124.83333333333333,49 ], [ -121,49 ], [ -121,49.25 ], [ -124.83333333333333,49.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb1fe4b0c8380cd48c2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eng, Ken","contributorId":89480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eng","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038385,"text":"sir20125023 - 2012 - Transient effects on groundwater chemical compositions from pumping of supply wells at the Nevada National Security Site, 1951-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-19T01:01:36","indexId":"sir20125023","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5023","title":"Transient effects on groundwater chemical compositions from pumping of supply wells at the Nevada National Security Site, 1951-2008","docAbstract":"Nuclear testing and support activities at the Nevada National Security Site have required large amounts of water for construction, public consumption, drilling, fire protection, hydraulic and nuclear testing, and dust control. To supply this demand, approximately 20,000 million gallons of water have been pumped from 23 wells completed in 19 boreholes located across the Nevada National Security Site starting as early as the 1950s. As a consequence of more or less continuous pumping from many of these wells for periods as long as 58 years, transient groundwater flow conditions have been created in the aquifers that supplied the water. To evaluate whether long-term pumping caused changes in water compositions over time, available chemical analyses of water samples from these 19 boreholes were compiled, screened, and evaluated for variability including statistically significant temporal trends that can be compared to records of groundwater pumping. Data used in this report have been extracted from a large database (Geochem08, revision 3.0, released in September 2008) containing geochemical and isotopic information created and maintained by primary contractors to the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Nevada Site Office. Data extracted from this source were compiled for the entire period of record, converted to uniform reporting units, and screened to eliminate analyses of poor or unknown quality, as well as clearly spurious values. The resulting data are included in accompanying spreadsheets that give values for (1) pH and specific conductance, (2) major ion concentrations, (3) trace element concentrations and environmental isotope ratios, and (4) mean, median, and variance estimates for major ion concentrations. The resulting data vary widely in quality and time-series density. An effort has been made to establish reasonable ranges of analytical uncertainty expected for each analyte and eliminate analyses that are obvious outliers. Analysis of chemical trends in this report primarily rely on specific conductance measurements and major ion concentrations, data considered to be the most accurate and reliable over the entire time span of investigation. The analysis uses parametric and non-parametric evaluations to provide a statistical basis for trend identification. Trace element and isotope data are examined for consistency, but typically are too inaccurate or infrequent to provide a reliable long term basis for trend evaluation. Groundwater withdrawal records compiled in a companion report are included graphically in this report to allow qualitative comparisons between water quality and pumping history. Data for each supply well include (1) a borehole description and summary of pumping history, (2) a description of water-quality parameters, (3) an evaluation of temporal variations of specific conductance and major ion concentrations, and (4) an examination of supporting information from trace element and isotope data. A range of responses are observed for individual supply wells that likely include the effects of both aquifer dynamics and changing borehole conditions. Data from most wells show little or no evidence for temporal variation in water-quality parameters indicating that aquifers at the Nevada National Security Site are capable of producing large volumes of compositionally uniform water over many years of pumping. A smaller number of wells show evidence of transient changes. Wells that have ceased pumping commonly show compositions that shift toward lower concentrations in subsequent bailed samples, which indicates that more dilute water entered the well over time due to either leakage of meteoric water into the well casing or more wide-spread recharge into the shallow phreatic zone. Wells that show systematic changes in water compositions during episodes of pumping commonly have multiple open intervals whose contributions to water in the well may change over time due to hydraulic conditions or well dynamics.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125023","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office, Office of Environmental Management under Interagency Agreement DE-A152-07NA28100","usgsCitation":"Paces, J.B., Elliott, P.E., Fenelon, J.M., Laczniak, R.J., and Moreo, M.T., 2012, Transient effects on groundwater chemical compositions from pumping of supply wells at the Nevada National Security Site, 1951-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5023, xii, 104 p.; Appendices; XLS Downloads of Appendices A-D, F; PDF Download of Appendix E, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125023.","productDescription":"xii, 104 p.; Appendices; XLS Downloads of Appendices A-D, F; PDF Download of Appendix E","startPage":"i","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"120","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1951-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5023.jpg"},{"id":256891,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Nevada National Security Site","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6fbe4b08c986b326faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Peggy E. 0000-0002-7264-664X pelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7264-664X","contributorId":3805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Peggy","email":"pelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenelon, Joseph M. 0000-0003-4449-245X jfenelon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-245X","contributorId":2355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"Joseph","email":"jfenelon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moreo, Michael T. 0000-0002-9122-6958 mtmoreo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-6958","contributorId":2363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreo","given":"Michael","email":"mtmoreo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038378,"text":"fs20123056 - 2012 - Beryllium--important for national defense","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-22T01:01:41","indexId":"fs20123056","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3056","title":"Beryllium--important for national defense","docAbstract":"Beryllium is one of the lightest and stiffest metals, but there was little industrial demand for it until the 1930s and 1940s when the aerospace, defense, and nuclear sectors began using beryllium and its compounds. Beryllium is now classified by the U.S. Department of Defense as a strategic and critical material because it is used in products that are vital to national security. The oxide form of beryllium was identified in 1797, and scientists first isolated metallic beryllium in 1828. The United States is the world's leading source of beryllium. A single mine at Spor Mountain, Utah, produced more than 85 percent of the beryllium mined worldwide in 2010. China produced most of the remainder, and less than 2 percent came from Mozambique and other countries. National stockpiles also provide significant amounts of beryllium for processing. To help predict where future beryllium supplies might be located, U.S.Geological Survey (USGS) scientists study how and where beryllium resources are concentrated in Earth's crust and use that knowledge to assess the likelihood that undiscovered beryllium resources may exist. Techniques to assess mineral resources have been developed by the USGS to support the stewardship of Federal lands and to better evaluate mineral resource availability in a global context. The USGS also compiles statistics and information on the worldwide supply of, demand for, and flow of beryllium. These data are used to inform U.S. national policymaking.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123056","usgsCitation":"Boland, M., 2012, Beryllium--important for national defense: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3056, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123056.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3056.gif"},{"id":256879,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3056/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0cde4b0c8380cd4a90c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boland, M.A.","contributorId":60060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boland","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038377,"text":"sir20125079 - 2012 - Well network installation and hydrogeologic data collection, Assateague Island National Seashore, Worcester County, Maryland, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T20:19:02.55174","indexId":"sir20125079","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5079","title":"Well network installation and hydrogeologic data collection, Assateague Island National Seashore, Worcester County, Maryland, 2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, as part of its Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program, is conducting a multi-year investigation to assess potential impacts on the natural resources of Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland that may result from changes in the hydrologic system in response to projected sea-level rise. As part of this effort, 26 monitoring wells were installed in pairs along five east-west trending transects. Each of the five transects has between two and four pairs of wells, consisting of a shallow well and a deeper well. The shallow well typically was installed several feet below the water table—usually in freshwater about 10 feet below land surface (ft bls)—to measure water-level changes in the shallow groundwater system. The deeper well was installed below the anticipated depth to the freshwater-saltwater interface—usually in saltwater about 45 to 55 ft bls—for the purpose of borehole geophysical logging to characterize local differences in lithology and salinity and to monitor tidal influences on groundwater. Four of the 13 shallow wells and 5 of the 13 deeper wells were instrumented with water-level recorders that collected water-level data at 15-minute intervals from August 12 through September 28, 2010. Data collected from these instrumented wells were compared with tide data collected north of Assateague Island at the Ocean City Inlet tide gage, and precipitation data collected by National Park Service staff on Assateague Island. These data indicate that precipitation events coupled with changes in ambient sea level had the largest effect on groundwater levels in all monitoring wells near the Atlantic Ocean and Chincoteague and Sinepuxent Bays, whereas precipitation events alone had the greatest impact on shallow groundwater levels near the center of the island. Daily and bi-monthly tidal cycles appeared to have minimal influence on groundwater levels throughout the island and the water-level changes that were observed appeared to vary among well sites, indicating that changes in lithology and salinity also may affect the response of water levels in the shallow and deeper groundwater systems throughout the island. Borehole geophysical logs were collected at each of the 13 deeper wells along the 5 transects. Electromagnetic induction logs were collected to identify changes in lithology; determine the approximate location of the freshwater-saltwater interface; and characterize the distribution of fresh and brackish water in the shallow aquifer, and the geometry of the fresh groundwater lens beneath the island. Natural gamma logs were collected to provide information on the geologic framework of the island including the presence and thickness of finer-grained deposits found in the subsurface throughout the island during previous investigations. Results of this investigation show the need for collection of continuous water-level data in both the shallow and deeper parts of the flow system and electromagnetic induction and natural gamma geophysical logging data to better understand the response of this groundwater system to changes in precipitation and tidal forcing. Hydrologic data collected as part of this investigation will serve as the foundation for the development of numerical flow models to assess the potential effects of climate change on the coastal groundwater system of Assateague Island.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125079","collaboration":"USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program","usgsCitation":"Banks, W.S., Masterson, J., and Johnson, C.D., 2012, Well network installation and hydrogeologic data collection, Assateague Island National Seashore, Worcester County, Maryland, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5079, v, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125079.","productDescription":"v, 20 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"25","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5079.gif"},{"id":256878,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5079/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","county":"Worcester County","otherGeospatial":"Assateague Island National Seashore","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfd9e4b08c986b32eb3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, William S.L.","contributorId":35281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038364,"text":"sir20115228 - 2012 - Evaluation of geophysical techniques for the detection of paleochannels in the Oakland area of eastern Nebraska as part of the Eastern Nebraska Water Resource Assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-15T01:01:40","indexId":"sir20115228","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-14T15:35:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5228","title":"Evaluation of geophysical techniques for the detection of paleochannels in the Oakland area of eastern Nebraska as part of the Eastern Nebraska Water Resource Assessment","docAbstract":"Over the winter and spring of 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a general assessment of the capabilities of several geophysical tools to delineate buried paleochannel aquifers in the glacial terrain of eastern Nebraska. Mapping these paleochannels is an important objective for the Eastern Nebraska Water Resources Assessment group. Previous attempts at mapping these channels included a helicopter electromagnetic survey flown over an area near the town of Oakland, Nebraska, in March 2007. This survey had limited success in imaging the paleochannels due to the restricted depth of investigation of the system in the clay-rich till overburden. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether other airborne electromagnetic or surface geophysical techniques, including audio-magnetotelluric, time-domain electromagnetic, gravity, and magnetic methods, could be used to image the paleochannels in the clay-rich tills of eastern Nebraska. This report releases the results of testing the ability of selected geophysical techniques to map aquifers in glacial deposits near the town of Oakland, Nebraska.
\nSurface audio-magnetotelluric and time-domain electromagnetic methods achieved sufficient depth of penetration and indicated that the paleochannel was much more complex than the original geological model. Simulated and observed gravity anomalies indicate that imaging sand and gravel aquifers near Oakland, Nebraska, would be difficult due to the complex basement density contrasts. Interpretation of the magnetic data indicates no magnetic sources from geologic units above the bedrock surface. Based upon the analysis and interpretation of the four methods evaluated, we suggest a large-scale survey using a high-powered time-domain airborne system. This is the most efficient and cost-effective path forward for the Eastern Nebraska Water Assessment group to map paleochannels that lie beneath thick clay-rich glacial tills.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Eastern Nebraska Water Resource Assessment","usgsCitation":"Abraham, J., Bedrosian, P.A., Asch, T., Ball, L.B., Cannia, J.C., Phillips, J.D., and Lackey, S., 2012, Evaluation of geophysical techniques for the detection of paleochannels in the Oakland area of eastern Nebraska as part of the Eastern Nebraska Water Resource Assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5228, viii, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115228.","productDescription":"viii, 40 p.","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5228.gif"},{"id":254766,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5228/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","city":"Oakland","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,40 ], [ -98,43 ], [ -95,43 ], [ -95,40 ], [ -98,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c7de4b0c8380cd52b86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abraham, Jared D.","contributorId":42630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asch, Theodore H.","contributorId":83617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"Theodore H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cannia, James C.","contributorId":94356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Phillips, Jeffery D.","contributorId":63489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lackey, Susan","contributorId":44397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lackey","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70038348,"text":"ofr20121075 - 2012 - Fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations in the Illinois River between Hennepin and Peoria, Illinois: 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-17T01:01:41","indexId":"ofr20121075","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1075","title":"Fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations in the Illinois River between Hennepin and Peoria, Illinois: 2007-08","docAbstract":"The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency has designated portions of the Illinois River in Peoria, Woodford, and Tazewell Counties, Illinois, as impaired owing to the presence of fecal coliform bacteria. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission, examined the water quality in the Illinois River and major tributaries within a 47-mile reach between Peoria and Hennepin, Ill., during water year 2008 (October 2007–September 2008). Investigations included synoptic (snapshot) sampling at multiple locations in a 1-day period: once in October 2007 during lower streamflow conditions, and again in June 2008 during higher streamflow conditions. Five locations in the study area were monitored for the entire year at monthly or more frequent intervals. Two indicator bacteria were analyzed in each water sample: fecal coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Streamflow information from previously established monitoring locations in the study area was used in the analysis. Correlation analyses were used to characterize the relation between the two fecal-indicator bacteria and the relation of either indicator to streamflow. Concentrations of the two measured fecal-indicator bacteria correlated well for all samples analyzed (r = 0.94, p <0.001), indicating a strong linear correlation. Presence of one fecal-indicator bacteria generally indicates the presence of another at a similar magnitude and may support substitution of generalized data gaps for other analyses. Hydrologic conditions during the study period can be characterized as wetter than normal, with the mean annual flow in the Illinois River about 37-percent above the long-term average. However, for the Illinois River below Peoria Lake at Peoria, a statistically significant negative correlation coefficient indicates a weak inverse relation between values of streamflow and fecal-indicator bacteria (fecal coliform rho = -0.44, p = 0.0129; E. coli: rho = -0.43, p = 0.0157). The correlation between fecal indicators and streamflow in tributaries or in the Illinois River at Hennepin was found to be statistically significant, yet moderate in strength with coefficient values ranging from r = 0.4 to 0.6. Indirect observations from the June 2008 higher flow synoptic event may indicate continued effects from combined storm and sanitary sewers in the vicinity of the Illinois River near Peoria, Ill., contributing to observed single-sample exceedance of the State criterion for fecal coliform.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121075","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission","usgsCitation":"Dupre, D.H., Hortness, J., Terrio, P.J., and Sharpe, J.B., 2012, Fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations in the Illinois River between Hennepin and Peoria, Illinois: 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1075, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121075.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1075.gif"},{"id":254717,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Hennepin;Peoria","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f4ae4b0c8380cd5385e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dupre, David H. dhdupre@usgs.gov","contributorId":2782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupre","given":"David","email":"dhdupre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hortness, Jon 0000-0002-9809-2876 hortness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-2876","contributorId":3601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hortness","given":"Jon","email":"hortness@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terrio, Paul J. 0000-0002-1515-9570 pjterrio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1515-9570","contributorId":3313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrio","given":"Paul","email":"pjterrio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038280,"text":"sir20125062 - 2012 - Groundwater simulation and management models for the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-05T01:01:37","indexId":"sir20125062","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5062","title":"Groundwater simulation and management models for the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California","docAbstract":"The upper Klamath Basin encompasses about 8,000 square miles, extending from the Cascade Range east to the Basin and Range geologic province in south-central Oregon and northern California. The geography of the basin is dominated by forested volcanic uplands separated by broad interior basins. Most of the interior basins once held broad shallow lakes and extensive wetlands, but most of these areas have been drained or otherwise modified and are now cultivated. Major parts of the interior basins are managed as wildlife refuges, primarily for migratory waterfowl. The permeable volcanic bedrock of the upper Klamath Basin hosts a substantial regional groundwater system that provides much of the flow to major streams and lakes that, in turn, provide water for wildlife habitat and are the principal source of irrigation water for the basin's agricultural economy. Increased allocation of surface water for endangered species in the past decade has resulted in increased groundwater pumping and growing interest in the use of groundwater for irrigation. The potential effects of increased groundwater pumping on groundwater levels and discharge to springs and streams has caused concern among groundwater users, wildlife and Tribal interests, and State and Federal resource managers. To provide information on the potential impacts of increased groundwater development and to aid in the development of a groundwater management strategy, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the Oregon Water Resources Department and the Bureau of Reclamation, has developed a groundwater model that can simulate the response of the hydrologic system to these new stresses. The groundwater model was developed using the U.S. Geological Survey MODFLOW finite-difference modeling code and calibrated using inverse methods to transient conditions from 1989 through 2004 with quarterly stress periods. Groundwater recharge and agricultural and municipal pumping are specified for each stress period. All major streams and most major tributaries for which a substantial part of the flow comes from groundwater discharge are included in the model. Groundwater discharge to agricultural drains, evapotranspiration from aquifers in areas of shallow groundwater, and groundwater flow to and from adjacent basins also are simulated in key areas. The model has the capability to calculate the effects of pumping and other external stresses on groundwater levels, discharge to streams, and other boundary fluxes, such as discharge to drains. Historical data indicate that the groundwater system in the upper Klamath Basin fluctuates in response to decadal climate cycles, with groundwater levels and spring flows rising and declining in response to wet and dry periods. Data also show that groundwater levels fluctuate seasonally and interannually in response to groundwater pumping. The most prominent response is to the marked increase in groundwater pumping starting in 2001. The calibrated model is able to simulate observed decadal-scale climate-driven fluctuations in the groundwater system as well as observed shorter-term pumping-related fluctuations. Example model simulations show that the timing and location of the effects of groundwater pumping vary markedly depending on the pumping location. Pumping from wells close (within a few miles) to groundwater discharge features, such as springs, drains, and certain streams, can affect those features within weeks or months of the onset of pumping, and the impacts can be essentially fully manifested in several years. Simulations indicate that seasonal variations in pumping rates are buffered by the groundwater system, and peak impacts are closer to mean annual pumping rates than to instantaneous rates. Thus, pumping effects are, to a large degree, spread out over the entire year. When pumping locations are distant (more than several miles) from discharge features, the effects take many years or decades to fully impact those features, and much of the pumped water comes from groundwater storage over a broad geographic area even after two decades. Moreover, because the effects are spread out over a broad area, the impacts to individual features are much smaller than in the case of nearby pumping. Simulations show that the discharge features most affected by pumping in the area of the Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Irrigation Project are agricultural drains, and impacts to other surface-water features are small in comparison. A groundwater management model was developed that uses techniques of constrained optimization along with the groundwater flow model to identify the optimal strategy to meet water user needs while not violating defined constraints on impacts to groundwater levels and streamflows. The coupled groundwater simulation-optimization models were formulated to help identify strategies to meet water demand in the upper Klamath Basin. The models maximize groundwater pumping while simultaneously keeping the detrimental impacts of pumping on groundwater levels and groundwater discharge within prescribed limits. Total groundwater withdrawals were calculated under alternative constraints for drawdown, reductions in groundwater discharge to surface water, and water demand to understand the potential benefits and limitations for groundwater development in the upper Klamath Basin. The simulation-optimization model for the upper Klamath Basin provides an improved understanding of how the groundwater and surface-water system responds to sustained groundwater pumping within the Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Project. Optimization model results demonstrate that a certain amount of supplemental groundwater pumping can occur without exceeding defined limits on drawdown and stream capture. The results of the different applications of the model demonstrate the importance of identifying constraint limits in order to better define the amount and distribution of groundwater withdrawal that is sustainable.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the Oregon Water Resources Department?","usgsCitation":"Gannett, M.W., Wagner, B.J., and Lite, K.E., 2012, Groundwater simulation and management models for the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5062, x, 92 p.; Figures; Tables; HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125062.","productDescription":"x, 92 p.; Figures; Tables; HTML Document","startPage":"i","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"102","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5062.jpg"},{"id":254675,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;California","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dc2e4b0c8380cd5bffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gannett, Marshall W. 0000-0003-2498-2427 mgannett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2498-2427","contributorId":2942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannett","given":"Marshall","email":"mgannett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Brian J. bjwagner@usgs.gov","contributorId":427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Brian","email":"bjwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lite, Kenneth E. Jr.","contributorId":37373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lite","given":"Kenneth","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038275,"text":"ofr20121056 - 2012 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and discharge data for the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, August 2008 through December 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-04T01:01:38","indexId":"ofr20121056","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1056","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and discharge data for the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, August 2008 through December 2009","docAbstract":"The Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet navigation channel (MRGO) was constructed in the early 1960s to provide a safer and shorter route between the Gulf of Mexico and the Port of New Orleans for deep-draft, ocean-going vessels and to promote the economic development of the Port of New Orleans. In 2006, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers developed a plan to de-authorize the MRGO. The plan called for a rock barrier to be constructed across the MRGO near Bayou La Loutre. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Louisiana Coastal Area Science and Technology Program began a study to document the impacts of the rock barrier on water-quality and flow before, during, and after its construction. Water-quality, bed-sediment, and discharge data were collected in the MRGO and adjacent water bodies from August 2008 through December 2009.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Coastal Area Science and Technology Program","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, C.M., Mize, S.V., and Lovelace, J.K., 2012, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and discharge data for the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, August 2008 through December 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1056, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121056.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-08-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1056.gif"},{"id":254665,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1056/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"Hopedale;Michoud;New Orleans;Violet;Yscloskey","otherGeospatial":"Breton Sound;Lake Borgne;Lake Pontchartrain;Mississippi River-gulf Outlet;Violet Canal","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.08333333333333,29.416666666666668 ], [ -90.08333333333333,30.166666666666668 ], [ -89.16666666666667,30.166666666666668 ], [ -89.16666666666667,29.416666666666668 ], [ -90.08333333333333,29.416666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bce60e4b08c986b32e378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher M. 0000-0001-9843-1471 cswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","email":"cswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mize, Scott V. 0000-0001-6751-5568 svmize@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-5568","contributorId":2997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mize","given":"Scott","email":"svmize@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovelace, John K. 0000-0002-8532-2599 jlovelac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-2599","contributorId":999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovelace","given":"John","email":"jlovelac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038252,"text":"ofr20121025 - 2012 - Preliminary investigation of the effects of sea-level rise on groundwater levels in New Haven, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-02T12:00:53","indexId":"ofr20121025","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1025","title":"Preliminary investigation of the effects of sea-level rise on groundwater levels in New Haven, Connecticut","docAbstract":"Global sea level rose about 0.56 feet (ft) (170 millimeters (mm)) during the 20th century. Since the 1960s, sea level has risen at Bridgeport, Connecticut, about 0.38 ft (115 mm), at a rate of 0.008 ft (2.56 mm + or - 0.58 mm) per year. With regional subsidence, and with predicted global climate change, sea level is expected to continue to rise along the northeast coast of the United States through the 21st century. Increasing sea levels will cause groundwater levels in coastal areas to rise in order to adjust to the new conditions. Some regional climate models predict wetter climate in the northeastern United States under some scenarios. Scenarios for the resulting higher groundwater levels have the potential to inundate underground infrastructure in lowlying coastal cities. New Haven is a coastal city in Connecticut surrounded and bisected by tidally affected waters. Monitoring of water levels in wells in New Haven from August 2009 to July 2010 indicates the complex effects of urban influence on groundwater levels. The response of groundwater levels to recharge and season varied considerably from well to well. Groundwater temperatures varied seasonally, but were warmer than what was typical for Connecticut, and they seem to reflect the influence of the urban setting, including the effects of conduits for underground utilities. Specific conductance was elevated in many of the wells, indicating the influence of urban activities or seawater in Long Island Sound. A preliminary steady-state model of groundwater flow for part of New Haven was constructed using MODFLOW to simulate current groundwater levels (2009-2010) and future groundwater levels based on scenarios with a rise of 3 ft (0.91 meters (m)) in sea level, which is predicted for the end of the 21st century. An additional simulation was run assuming a 3-ft rise in sea level combined with a 12-percent increase in groundwater recharge. The model was constructed from existing hydrogeologic information for the New Haven area and from new information on groundwater levels collected during October 2009-June 2010. For the scenario with a 3-ft rise in sea level and no increase in recharge, simulated groundwater levels near the coast rose 3 ft; this increased water level tapered off toward a discharge area at the only nontidal stream in the study area. Simulated stream discharge increased at the nontidal stream because of the increased gradient. Although groundwater levels rose, the simulated difference between the groundwater levels in the aquifer and the increased sea level declined, indicating that the depth to the interface between freshwater and saltwater may possibly decline. Simulated water levels were affected by rise in sea level even in areas where the water table was at 17-24 ft (5.2-7.3 m) above current (2011) sea level. For the scenario with increased recharge, simulated groundwater levels were as much as an additional foot higher at some locations in the study area. The results of this preliminary investigation indicate that groundwater levels in coastal areas can be expected to rise and may rise higher if groundwater recharge also increases. This finding has implications for the disposal of stormwater through infiltration, a low-impact development practice designed to improve water quality and reduce overland peak discharge. Other implications include increased risk of basement flooding and increased groundwater seepage into underground sewer pipes and utility corridors in some areas. These implications will present engineering challenges to New Haven and Yale University. The preliminary model developed for this study can be the starting point for further simulation of future alternative scenarios for sea-level rise and recharge. Further simulations could identify those areas of New Haven where infrastructure may be at greatest risk from rising levels of groundwater. The simulations described in this report have limitations due to the preliminary scope of the work. Approaches to improve simulations include but are not limited to incorporating: * The variable density of seawater into the model in order to understand the current and future location of the interface between freshwater and saltwater; * Collection of additional data in order to better resolve temporal and spatial patterns in water levels in the aquifer; * Improved estimates of recharge through direct and indirect measurements of freshwater discharge from the study area; and * Transient simulations for greater understanding of the amount of time required for water levels and the position of the interface between freshwater and saltwater to adjust to changes in sea level and recharge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Yale University","usgsCitation":"Bjerklie, D.M., Mullaney, J.R., Stone, J.R., Skinner, B.J., and Ramlow, M.A., 2012, Preliminary investigation of the effects of sea-level rise on groundwater levels in New Haven, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1025, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121025.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254637,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1025.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","city":"New Haven","otherGeospatial":"New Haven Harbor;West River;Mill River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73,41.266666666666666 ], [ -73,41.4 ], [ -72.86666666666666,41.4 ], [ -72.86666666666666,41.266666666666666 ], [ -73,41.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8851e4b0c8380cd7d847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjerklie, David M. 0000-0002-9890-4125 dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-4125","contributorId":3589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjerklie","given":"David","email":"dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullaney, John R. 0000-0003-4936-5046 jmullane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-5046","contributorId":1957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullaney","given":"John","email":"jmullane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway jrstone@usgs.gov","contributorId":1695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet","email":"jrstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Radway","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skinner, Brian J.","contributorId":75371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramlow, Matthew A.","contributorId":93758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramlow","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038233,"text":"ofr20121048 - 2012 - Lineament analysis of mineral areas of interest in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T17:28:33","indexId":"ofr20121048","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-30T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1048","title":"Lineament analysis of mineral areas of interest in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"During a preliminary mineral resource assessment of Afghanistan (Peters and others, 2007), 24 mineralized areas of interest (AOIs) were highlighted as the focus for future economic development throughout various parts of the country. In addition to located mineral resources of value, development of a viable mining industry in Afghanistan will require the location of suitable groundwater resources for drinking, processing of mineral ores for use or for export, and for agriculture and food production in areas surrounding and supporting future mining enterprises. This report and accompanying GIS datasets describe the results of both automated and manual mapping of lineaments throughout the 24 mineral occurrence AOIs described in detail by Peters and others (2007; 2011). For this study, we define lineaments as \"mappable linear or curvilinear features of a surface whose parts align in a straight or slightly curving relationship that may be the expression of a fault or other linear zones of weakness\" as derived from remote sensing sources such as optical imagery, radar imagery or digital elevation models (DEMs) (Sabins, 2007).
\nWater wells in bedrock aquifers are generally more productive where boreholes intersect fractures or fracture zones. Lineament identification and analysis have long been used as a reconnaissance tool to identify such favorable conditions for groundwater resources in carbonate bedrock environments (Lattman and Parizek, 1964; Siddiqui and Parizek, 1971). More recently, lineament analysis has been used to identify areas of greater well yields in other bedrock settings, such as crystalline bedrock (Mabee and other, 1994; Moore and others, 2002). Lineaments provide an indication of bedrock areas that warrant further investigation for optimal water well placement. They may also indicate areas of preferential flow and storage of groundwater, and, thus, areas with a greater density of lineaments may indicate greater secondary porosity. Lineaments may indicate structurally trending mineralized areas (for example, Mars and Rowan, 2007), or locations of near-surface water resources, especially when surface vegetation growth coincides with lineaments.
\nThe purpose of this report and accompanying GIS data is to provide lineament maps that give one indication of areas that warrant further investigation for optimal bedrock water-well placement within 24 target areas for mineral resources (Peters and others, 2011). These data may also support the identification of faults related to modern seismic hazards (for example, Wheeler and others, 2005; Ruleman and others, 2007), as well as support studies attempting to understand the relationship between tectonic and structural controls on hydrothermal fluid flow, subsequent mineralization, and water-quality issues near mined and unmined mineral deposits (for example, Eppinger and others, 2007).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghanistan Geological Survey, Ministry of Mines under the auspices of the Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, Department of Defense","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, B.E., Mack, T.J., and Thompson, A.L., 2012, Lineament analysis of mineral areas of interest in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1048, iv, 15 p.; Appendix; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121048.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.; Appendix; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1048.gif"},{"id":254623,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 61,29.5 ], [ 61,38 ], [ 75,38 ], [ 75,29.5 ], [ 61,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47abe4b0c8380cd6791a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard E. 0000-0002-9315-2032 bhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-2032","contributorId":2342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","email":"bhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mack, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0496-3918 tjmack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3918","contributorId":1677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Thomas","email":"tjmack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Allyson L.","contributorId":90575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Allyson","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038167,"text":"ofr20121047 - 2012 - Characterization of nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria at a concentrated swine feeding operation in Wake County, North Carolina, 2009-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T15:09:13","indexId":"ofr20121047","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-23T12:55:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1047","title":"Characterization of nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria at a concentrated swine feeding operation in Wake County, North Carolina, 2009-2011","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and water-quality data were collected during October 2009–January 2011 to characterize nutrient and bacteria concentrations in stormwater runoff from agricultural fields that receive wastewater originating at a swine facility at North Carolina State University's Lake Wheeler Road Field Laboratory (LWRFL) in Wake County, North Carolina. The swine facility consists of six swine houses, two wastewater storage lagoons, and wastewater spray fields. The data-collection network consisted of 11 sampling sites, including 4 wastewater sites, 3 in-field runoff sites, and 4 stream sites. Continuous precipitation data were recorded with a raingage to document rainfall conditions during the study.
\nStudy sites were sampled for laboratory analysis of nutrients, total suspended solids (TSS), and (or) fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). Nutrient analyses included measurement of dissolved ammonia, total and dissolved ammonia + organic nitrogen, dissolved nitrate + nitrite, dissolved orthophosphate, and total phosphorus. The FIB analyses included measurement of Escherichia coli and enterococci. Samples of wastewater at the swine facility were collected from a pipe outfall from the swine housing units, two storage lagoons, and the spray fields for analysis of nutrients, TSS, and FIB. Soil samples collected from a spray field were analyzed for FIB. Monitoring locations were established for collecting discharge and water-quality data during storm events at three in-field runoff sites and two sites on the headwater stream (one upstream and one downstream) next to the swine facility. Stormflow samples at the five monitoring locations were collected for four storm events during 2009 to 2010 and analyzed for nutrients, TSS, and FIB. Monthly water samples also were collected during base-flow conditions at all four stream sites for laboratory analysis of nutrients, TSS, and (or) FIB.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Harden, S.L., Rogers, S.W., Jahne, M.A., Shaffer, C.E., and Smith, D.G., 2012, Characterization of nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria at a concentrated swine feeding operation in Wake County, North Carolina, 2009-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1047, vii, 12 p.; Tables; Appendices 1 and 2 Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121047.","productDescription":"vii, 12 p.; Tables; Appendices 1 and 2 Download","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2011-01-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1047.jpg"},{"id":254578,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Wake County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Wheeler Road Field Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.68333333333334,35.7175 ], [ -78.68333333333334,35.733333333333334 ], [ -78.66666666666667,35.733333333333334 ], [ -78.66666666666667,35.7175 ], [ -78.68333333333334,35.7175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4d3e4b0c8380cd4bf48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, Stephen L. 0000-0001-6886-0099 slharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-0099","contributorId":2212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Stephen","email":"slharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Shane W.","contributorId":21017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jahne, Michael A.","contributorId":90968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahne","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaffer, Carrie E.","contributorId":104321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Carrie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038166,"text":"ofr20121013 - 2012 - Quality of surface-water supplies in the Triangle area of North Carolina, water year 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T15:05:32","indexId":"ofr20121013","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-23T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1013","title":"Quality of surface-water supplies in the Triangle area of North Carolina, water year 2008","docAbstract":"Surface-water supplies are important sources of drinking water for residents in the Triangle area of North Carolina, which is located within the upper Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins. Since 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey and a consortium of governments have tracked water-quality conditions and trends in several of the area's water-supply lakes and streams. This report summarizes data collected through this cooperative effort, known as the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, during October 2007 through September 2008. Major findings for this period include:
\n•Antecedent drought conditions during 2007 contributed to below-average flows at streams throughout the study area during 2008. Continuous records from 9 of the 10 project stream gages documented below-average streamflow during most of the year.
\n•More than 8,000 individual measurements of water quality were made at a total of 27 sites—15 in the Neuse River Basin and 12 in the Cape Fear River Basin.
\n•North Carolina water-quality standards were exceeded one or more times for nine constituents, including dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen percent saturation, pH, chlorophyll a, mercury, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. Exceedances occurred at 26 sites, 14 of which were in the Neuse River Basin, and 12 of which were in the Cape Fear River Basin.
\n•Stream samples collected during storm events contained elevated concentrations of iron, copper, and total phosphorus relative to non-storm samples.
\n•The first full year of sampling was completed for a new project site at Lake Butner in Granville County. Among all lakes sampled during 2008, Lake Butner had the lowest concentrations of total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and specific conductance and the highest water clarity.
\n•Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were within ranges observed during previous years; however, Falls Lake at U.S. Interstate 85 had elevated levels of nitrate plus nitrite and total phosphorus relative to other sites.
\n•Five lakes had chlorophyll a concentrations in excess of 40 micrograms per liter at least once during 2008, including Little River Reservoir, Falls Lake, Lake Benson, University Lake, and Jordan Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project Steering Committee","usgsCitation":"Giorgino, M., Rasmussen, R., and Pfeifle, C., 2012, Quality of surface-water supplies in the Triangle area of North Carolina, water year 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1013, iv, 12 p.; Table 2 Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121013.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.; Table 2 Download","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1013.jpg"},{"id":254572,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cape Fear And Neuse River Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.41666666666667,35.666666666666664 ], [ -79.41666666666667,36.25 ], [ -78.25,36.25 ], [ -78.25,35.666666666666664 ], [ -79.41666666666667,35.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a913fe4b0c8380cd80186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giorgino, M. J.","contributorId":97149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giorgino","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, R.B.","contributorId":90395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pfeifle, C.A.","contributorId":57304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeifle","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038162,"text":"ofr20121054 - 2012 - Florida Bay salinity and Everglades wetlands hydrology circa 1900 CE: A compilation of paleoecology-based statistical modeling analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T09:09:54","indexId":"ofr20121054","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-23T11:29:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1054","title":"Florida Bay salinity and Everglades wetlands hydrology circa 1900 CE: A compilation of paleoecology-based statistical modeling analyses","docAbstract":"Throughout the 20th century, the Greater Everglades Ecosystem of south Florida was greatly altered by human activities. Construction of water-control structures and facilities altered the natural hydrologic patterns of the south Florida region and consequently impacted the coastal ecosystem. Restoration of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem is guided by the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), which is attempting to reverse some of the impacts of water management. In order to achieve this goal, it is essential to understand the predevelopment conditions (circa 1900 Common Era, CE) of the natural system, including the estuaries. The purpose of this report is to use empirical data derived from analyses of estuarine sediment cores and observations of modern hydrologic and salinity conditions to provide information on the natural system circa 1900 CE. A three-phase approach, developed in 2009, couples paleosalinity estimates derived from sediment cores to upstream hydrology using statistical models prepared from existing monitoring data. Results presented here update and improve previous analyses. A statistical method of estimating the paleosalinity from the core information improves the previous assemblage analyses, and the system of linear regression models was significantly upgraded and expanded.
\nThe upgraded method of coupled paleosalinity and hydrologic models was applied to the analysis of the circa-1900 CE segments of five estuarine sediment cores collected in Florida Bay. Comparisons of the observed mean stage (water level) data to the paleoecology-based model's averaged output show that the estimated stage in the Everglades wetlands was 0.3 to 1.6 feet higher at different locations. Observed mean flow data compared to the paleoecology-based model output show an estimated flow into Shark River Slough at Tamiami Trail of 401 to 2,539 cubic feet per second (cfs) higher than existing flows, and at Taylor Slough Bridge an estimated flow of 48 to 218 cfs above existing flows. For salinity in Florida Bay, the difference between paleoecology-based and observed mean salinity varies across the bay, from an aggregated average salinity of 14.7 less than existing in the northeastern basin to 1.0 less than existing in the western basin near the transition into the Gulf of Mexico. When the salinity differences are compared by region, the difference between paleoecology-based conditions and existing conditions are spatially consistent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121054","usgsCitation":"Marshall, F., and Wingard, G., 2012, Florida Bay salinity and Everglades wetlands hydrology circa 1900 CE: A compilation of paleoecology-based statistical modeling analyses (Version 1.1; Originally posted April 10, 2012; Revised August 15, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1054, 32 p.; Tables; Appendix Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121054.","productDescription":"32 p.; Tables; Appendix Download","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292251,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121054.jpg"},{"id":254568,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Forida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","edition":"Version 1.1; Originally posted April 10, 2012; Revised August 15, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1227e4b0c8380cd541d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, F.E.","contributorId":103380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingard, G.L.","contributorId":79981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038189,"text":"sir20125037 - 2012 - Escherichia coli bacteria density in relation to turbidity, streamflow characteristics, and season in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia, October 2000 through September 2008—Description, statistical analysis, and predictive modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T17:43:21","indexId":"sir20125037","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-20T17:16:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5037","title":"Escherichia coli bacteria density in relation to turbidity, streamflow characteristics, and season in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia, October 2000 through September 2008—Description, statistical analysis, and predictive modeling","docAbstract":"Water-based recreation—such as rafting, canoeing, and fishing—is popular among visitors to the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CRNRA) in north Georgia. The CRNRA is a 48-mile reach of the Chattahoochee River upstream from Atlanta, Georgia, managed by the National Park Service (NPS). Historically, high densities of fecal-indicator bacteria have been documented in the Chattahoochee River and its tributaries at levels that commonly exceeded Georgia water-quality standards. In October 2000, the NPS partnered with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), State and local agencies, and non-governmental organizations to monitor Escherichia coli bacteria (E. coli) density and develop a system to alert river users when E. coli densities exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) single-sample beach criterion of 235 colonies (most probable number) per 100 milliliters (MPN/100 mL) of water. This program, called BacteriALERT, monitors E. coli density, turbidity, and water temperature at two sites on the Chattahoochee River upstream from Atlanta, Georgia. This report summarizes E. coli bacteria density and turbidity values in water samples collected between 2000 and 2008 as part of the BacteriALERT program; describes the relations between E. coli density and turbidity, streamflow characteristics, and season; and describes the regression analyses used to develop predictive models that estimate E. coli density in real time at both sampling sites.
\nBetween October 23, 2000, and September 30, 2008, about 1,400 water samples were collected and turbidity was measured at each of the two USGS streamgaging stations in the CRNRA near the cities of Norcross and Atlanta, Georgia. At both sites, water samples were collected at frequencies ranging from daily to twice per week and analyzed in the laboratory for E. coli bacteria, using the Colilert-18® and Quanti-tray-2000® defined substrate method, and turbidity. Beginning in mid-2002, turbidity and water temperature were measured in real time at both sites. Streamflow at both sites is affected by the operation of two hydroelectric facilities upstream that release water in response to daily peak power demands in the area. During dry weather, offpeak water released from both dams ranges from about 600 to 1,500 cubic feet per second.
\nDuring dry weather, 98 and 93 percent of water samples from Norcross and Atlanta sites, respectively, contained E. coli densities below the USEPA single-sample beach criterion (235 MPN/100 mL). Conversely during stormflow, only 26 percent of the samples from Norcross and 10 percent of the samples from Atlanta contained E. coli densities below the USEPA beach criterion. At both sites, median E. coli density and turbidity were statistically greater in stormflow samples than dry-weather samples. Furthermore, median E. coli density and turbidity were statistically lower at Norcross than at Atlanta during dry weather. During stormflow, median turbidity values were statistically similar at the two sites (36 and 35 formazin nephelometric units at Norcross and Atlanta, respectively); whereas the median E. coli density was statistically higher at Atlanta (810 MPN/100 mL) than at Norcross (530 MPN/100 mL). During dry weather, the maximum E. coli density was 1,200 MPN/100 mL at Norcross and 9,800 MPN/100 mL at Atlanta. During stormflow, the maximum E. coli density was 18,000 MPN/100 mL at Norcross and 28,000 MPN/100 mL at Atlanta.
\nRegression analyses show that E. coli density in samples was strongly related to turbidity, streamflow characteristics, and season at both sites. The regression equation chosen for the Norcross data showed that 78 percent of the variability in E. coli density (in log base 10 units) was explained by the variability in turbidity values (in log base 10 units), streamflow event (dry-weather flow or stormflow), season (cool or warm), and an interaction term that is the cross product of streamflow event and turbidity. The regression equation chosen for the Atlanta data showed that 76 percent of the variability in E. coli density (in log base 10 units) was explained by the variability in turbidity values (in log base 10 units), water temperature, streamflow event, and an interaction term that is the cross product of streamflow event and turbidity. Residual analysis and model confirmation using new data indicated the regression equations selected at both sites predicted E. coli density within the 90 percent prediction intervals of the equations and could be used to predict E. coli density in real time at both sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper, and Cobb County, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, S.J., 2012, Escherichia coli bacteria density in relation to turbidity, streamflow characteristics, and season in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia, October 2000 through September 2008—Description, statistical analysis, and predictive modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5037, xiv, 58 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125037.","productDescription":"xiv, 58 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-10-23","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5037.jpg"},{"id":254595,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Cobb County","city":"Atlanta","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.80062103271484,\n 34.00457359375746\n ],\n [\n -83.42433929443357,\n 34.63292542249386\n ],\n [\n -83.53008270263669,\n 34.67302921203181\n ],\n [\n -83.67565155029295,\n 34.67415861524134\n ],\n [\n -83.74706268310545,\n 34.6244503086108\n ],\n [\n -83.77246856689452,\n 34.58093109811126\n ],\n [\n -84.41585540771483,\n 34.46778770509373\n ],\n [\n -84.65755462646483,\n 34.05920153948415\n ],\n [\n -85.10799407958982,\n 33.22691345261128\n ],\n [\n -85.36067962646483,\n 32.913891446880406\n ],\n [\n -85.37166595458982,\n 32.433005140150016\n ],\n [\n -85.63533782958982,\n 31.491627039818532\n ],\n [\n -85.92098236083983,\n 30.446009887036432\n ],\n [\n -85.80013275146482,\n 29.952257363232995\n ],\n [\n -85.32772064208983,\n 29.742618848931166\n ],\n [\n -85.27278900146482,\n 29.522981756190593\n ],\n [\n -85.05306243896482,\n 29.465606448299365\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 29.668962525992505\n ],\n [\n -84.61669921875,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -84.44091796875,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -84.44091796875,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -84.35302734375,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -84.2486572265625,\n 31.064698120353743\n ],\n [\n -83.84490966796875,\n 31.508312698943445\n ],\n [\n -83.7432861328125,\n 32.01972036197235\n ],\n [\n -83.84181976318358,\n 32.42141355642937\n ],\n [\n -84.49275970458984,\n 32.950775326763974\n ],\n [\n -84.51473236083982,\n 33.52966151776439\n ],\n [\n -83.80062103271484,\n 34.00457359375746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4937e4b0b290850eefd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, Stephen J. slawrenc@usgs.gov","contributorId":1885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Stephen","email":"slawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038142,"text":"sim3204 - 2012 - Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Florida and parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-13T09:28:18","indexId":"sim3204","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3204","title":"Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Florida and parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system (FAS) covers an area of approximately 100,000 square miles in Florida and parts of Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, and Mississippi. Groundwater wells for water supply were first drilled in the late 1800s and by the year 2000, the FAS was the primary source of drinking water for about 10 million people. One of the methods for assessing groundwater availability is the development of regional or subregional groundwater flow models of the aquifer system that can be used to develop water budgets spatially and temporally, as well as evaluate the groundwater resource change over time. Understanding the distribution of transmissivity within the FAS is critical to the development of groundwater flow models. The map presented herein differs from previously published maps of the FAS in that it is based on interpolation of 1,487 values of transmissivity. The transmissivity values in the dataset range from 8 to 9,000,000 feet squared per day (ft2/d) with the majority of the values ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 ft2/d. The wide range in transmissivity (6 orders of magnitude) is typical of carbonate rock aquifers, which are characterized by a wide range in karstification. Commonly, the range in transmissivity is greatest in areas where groundwater flow creates conduits in facies that dissolve more readily or areas of high porosity units that have interconnected vugs, with diameters greater than 0.1 foot. These are also areas where transmissivity is largest. Additionally, first magnitude springsheds and springs are shown because in these springshed areas, the estimates of transmissivity from interpolation may underestimate the actual range in transmissivity. Also shown is an area within the Gulf Trough in Georgia where high yielding wells are unlikely to be developed in the Upper Floridan aquifer. The interpolated transmissivity ranges shown on this map reflect the geologic structure and karstified areas. Transmissivity is large in the areas where the system is unconfined, such as west-central Florida and southwest Georgia just northwest of the Gulf Trough. Transmissivity is small along the Gulf Trough and Southwest Georgia Embayment (referred to as Apalachicola Embayment in some reports). Transmissivity is also small in the thin, updip part of the system near its northern boundary. Another area of large transmissivity coincides with the Southeast Georgia Embayment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3204","collaboration":"A Product of the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., Bellino, J.C., and Dixon, J.F., 2012, Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Florida and parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3204, 1 Map: 26 inches x 32 inches; Zip File: Spacial Datasets, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3204.","productDescription":"1 Map: 26 inches x 32 inches; Zip File: Spacial Datasets","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3204.jpg"},{"id":254561,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers Conical Equal Area","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Upper Floridan Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89,24 ], [ -89,33.25 ], [ -79.5,33.25 ], [ -79.5,24 ], [ -89,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb72fe4b08c986b3270e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bellino, Jason C. 0000-0001-9046-9344 jbellino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-9344","contributorId":3724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellino","given":"Jason","email":"jbellino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, Joann F. 0000-0001-9200-6407 jdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-6407","contributorId":1756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Joann","email":"jdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038126,"text":"fs20123047 - 2012 - USGS Hydro-Climatic Data Network 2009 (HCDN-2009)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"fs20123047","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-18T10:17:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3047","title":"USGS Hydro-Climatic Data Network 2009 (HCDN-2009)","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN) is a subset of all USGS streamgages for which the streamflow primarily reflects prevailing meteorological conditions for specified years. These stations were screened to exclude sites where human activities, such as artificial diversions, storage, and other activities in the drainage basin or the stream channel, affect the natural flow of the watercourse. In addition, sites were included in the network because their record length was sufficiently long for analysis of patterns in streamflow over time. The purpose of the network is to provide a streamflow dataset suitable for analyzing hydrologic variations and trends in a climatic context. When originally published, the network was composed of 1,659 stations (Slack and Landwehr, 1992) for which the years of primarily \"natural\" flow were identified. Since then data from the HCDN have been widely used and cited in climate-related hydrologic investigations of the United States. The network has also served as a model for establishing climate-sensitive streamgage networks in other countries around the world.
\nAfter nearly two decades of use without undergoing a systematic revalidation, questions have arisen as to whether many of the original stations still maintain their climate-sensitive status or even remain operational, as some are known to have closed. Some watersheds had been altered to the point that stations no longer meet the minimal disturbance criteria set forth in the original HCDN report. In addition, some sites that did not qualify as HCDN sites in 1988 (the last year of data evaluation) because their records were too short now have sufficiently long streamflow records for climate-sensitivity studies. Accordingly, a review of the existing network was initiated in 2009 in order to drop old stations and add new ones as appropriate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123047","usgsCitation":"Lins, H.F., 2012, USGS Hydro-Climatic Data Network 2009 (HCDN-2009): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3047, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123047.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3047.gif"},{"id":254550,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb95e4b08c986b3286f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038085,"text":"ofr20111300 - 2012 - Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, water year 2011: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T17:46:43","indexId":"ofr20111300","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1300","title":"Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, water year 2011: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","docAbstract":"Air is entrained in water as it is flows through the spillways of dams, which causes an increase in the concentration of total dissolved gas in the water downstream from the dams. The elevated concentrations of total dissolved gas can adversely affect fish and other freshwater aquatic life. An analysis of total-dissolved-gas and water-temperature data collected at eight monitoring stations on the lower Columbia River in Oregon and Washington in 2011 indicated the following:
\nThe purpose of this project was to demonstrate the capabilities of an existing watershed model and downscaling procedures to provide simulated hydrological data over various greenhouse gas emission scenarios for use in the Methow River framework prototype. An existing watershed model was used to simulate daily time series of streamflow and basin-wide hydrologic variables for baseline conditions (1990–2000), and then for all combinations of three greenhouse gas emission scenarios and five general circulation models for future conditions (2008–2095). Input data for 18 precipitation and 17 temperature model input sites were generated using statistical techniques to downscale general circulation model data. The simulated results were averaged using an 11-year moving window to characterize the central year of the window to provide simulated data for water years 2008–2095.
\nSimulation results indicate that substantial changes of monthly mean streamflows will occur. For all greenhouse gas emission scenarios, the future streamflows are greater in the winter than baseline conditions because a greater percentage of future precipitation is projected to fall as rain rather than as snow. The simulated future spring streamflows are less than baseline conditions because the spring snowpacks are smaller; therefore, flow contributions from snowmelt are less.
\nA database was developed to automate model execution and to provide users with Internet access to voluminous data products ranging from summary figures to model output timeseries. Database-enabled Internet tools were developed to allow users to create interactive graphs of output results based on their analysis needs. For example, users were able to create graphs by selecting time intervals, greenhouse gas emission scenarios, general circulation models, and specific hydrologic variables.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125031","usgsCitation":"Voss, F.D., and Mastin, M.C., 2012, Simulation of streamflows and basin-wide hydrologic variables over several climate-change scenarios, Methow River basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5031, vi, 18 p.; Web tools link, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125031.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.; Web tools link","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5031.jpg"},{"id":246890,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Methow River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.83333333333333,48 ], [ -120.83333333333333,49 ], [ -119.75,49 ], [ -119.75,48 ], [ -120.83333333333333,48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9097e4b08c986b3195be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voss, Frank D. fdvoss@usgs.gov","contributorId":1651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Frank","email":"fdvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastin, Mark C. 0000-0003-4018-7861 mcmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-7861","contributorId":1652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Mark","email":"mcmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037928,"text":"sim3198 - 2012 - Methods for noninvasive bathymetric and velocity surveys for impoundment safety--A case study of Herrington Lake at Dix Dam near Burgin, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"sim3198","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3198","title":"Methods for noninvasive bathymetric and velocity surveys for impoundment safety--A case study of Herrington Lake at Dix Dam near Burgin, Kentucky","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) created bathymetric-contour and water-velocity vector maps for portions of Lake Herrington within 600 feet of the face of Dix Dam near Burgin, Kentucky. The mapping was in support of a study of noninvasive acoustic technology for assessing structural integrity of dams, both as a routine inspection tool or as an emergency tool during hydrologic events, such as high water or flooding. In April 2010, scientists from the USGS used a boat-mounted transducer and echo sounder to obtain bathymetric data to characterize lakebed relief and sediment distribution under a closed-intake condition. Also in April 2010, an acoustic Doppler current profiler was employed to measure water velocity and flow direction in the lake to locate velocities moving toward the dam face and, possibly, dam leakage. \r\nThe bathymetric survey showed the present condition of fill in the reservoir since the dam was completed, as well as provided an outline of the lake floor. The velocity survey indicated no discernible flow pattern or direction within the study area; only one transect had shown a difference from the others that was noticeable. The noninvasive acoustic bathymetric and velocity surveys used during the case study showed promise in locating potential dam or intake maintenance areas. Additional case studies throughout the Nation are needed to more clearly define whether the methods for noninvasive bathymetric and velocity surveys for dam safety will be successful in a variety of settings.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kentucky Utilities Company","usgsCitation":"Ruby, A.T., 2012, Methods for noninvasive bathymetric and velocity surveys for impoundment safety--A case study of Herrington Lake at Dix Dam near Burgin, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3198, 1 Sheet; Sheet 1: 32 inches x 26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3198.","productDescription":"1 Sheet; Sheet 1: 32 inches x 26 inches","temporalStart":"2010-04-06","temporalEnd":"2010-04-08","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3198.gif"},{"id":246885,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection NAD83","country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","city":"Burgin","otherGeospatial":"Herrington Lake;Dix Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.76666666666667,37.733333333333334 ], [ -84.76666666666667,37.833333333333336 ], [ -84.65,37.833333333333336 ], [ -84.65,37.733333333333334 ], [ -84.76666666666667,37.733333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55c5e4b0c8380cd6d29e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruby, A. Thomas III","contributorId":48270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruby","given":"A.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70037896,"text":"sir20125034 - 2012 - Comparison of two methods for estimating base flow in selected reaches of the South Platte River, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"sir20125034","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-28T09:11:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5034","title":"Comparison of two methods for estimating base flow in selected reaches of the South Platte River, Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board, compared two methods for estimating base flow in three reaches of the South Platte River between Denver and Kersey, Colorado. The two methods compared in this study are the Mass Balance and the Pilot Point methods. Base-flow estimates made with the two methods were based upon a 54-year period of record (1950 to 2003).
\nThe Mass Balance method for estimating base flow is based on a mass balance of all known inflows to and outflows from a given stream reach, with the equation being solved for groundwater flow into or out of the reach. A positive mass balance indicates a gaining reach (base flow) and a negative balance indicates a losing reach. The mass balance was calculated using daily mean streamflow, wastewater treatment plant discharge, and stream diversion data. Monthly mean base flow was calculated as the average of all daily mean mass-balance results for a given month.
\nThe Pilot Point method is based on a daily mean mass balance of all inflows to and outflows from a stream reach. The Pilot Point differs from the Mass Balance method in that extreme daily mass-balance results are constrained utilizing two analytical solutions that represent the maximum possible streamflow gain or loss. Additionally, the Pilot Point method utilizes a smoothing function, based on a moving average of the daily constrained mass-balance results. The moving average for this study utilized a moving-average period, called the bin width, of 61 days. The maximum and minimum base-flow constraints and the smoothing function are utilized to provide base-flow estimates that exhibit reasonable maximum values and temporal variability consistent with the concept of groundwater flow being gradual and slow.
\nBoth the Mass Balance and Pilot Point results provided similar patterns in annual and monthly base flow. All three reaches were indicated to be gaining reaches, particularly after about 1970, with the magnitude of base flow increasing downstream. This degree of similarity between the two methods was expected because both methods are based on a streamflow mass balance. The magnitude of estimates provided by the two methods was measurably different. The stream gains and losses estimated using the Mass Balance method were consistently more variable and of greater magnitude than those estimated using the Pilot Point method. In the Denver to Henderson reach, the median estimated annual mean base flow was 34.0 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) using the Mass Balance method and was 39.1 ft3/s using the Pilot Point method. In the Henderson to Fort Lupton reach, the median estimated annual mean base flow was 50.0 ft3/s using the Mass Balance method and was 40.0 ft3/s using the Pilot Point method. In the Fort Lupton to Kersey reach, the median estimated annual mean base flow was 234 ft3/s using the Mass Balance method and was 214 ft3/s using the Pilot Point method.
\nThe Mass Balance results were quite variable over time such that they appeared suspect with respect to the concept of groundwater flow as being gradual and slow. The large degree of variability in the day-to-day and month-to-month Mass Balance results is likely the result of many factors. These factors could include ungaged stream inflows or outflows, short-term streamflow losses to and gains from temporary bank storage, and any lag in streamflow accounting owing to streamflow lag time of flow within a reach. The Pilot Point time series results were much less variable than the Mass Balance results and extreme values were effectively constrained. Less day-to-day variability, smaller magnitude extreme values, and smoother transitions in base-flow estimates provided by the Pilot Point method are more consistent with a conceptual model of groundwater flow being gradual and slow. The Pilot Point method provided a better fit to the conceptual model of groundwater flow and appeared to provide reasonable estimates of base flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Capesius, J.P., and Arnold, L., 2012, Comparison of two methods for estimating base flow in selected reaches of the South Platte River, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5034, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125034.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1950-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5034.gif"},{"id":246852,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"South Platte River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.58333333333333,39.583333333333336 ], [ -105.58333333333333,40.583333333333336 ], [ -104.41666666666667,40.583333333333336 ], [ -104.41666666666667,39.583333333333336 ], [ -105.58333333333333,39.583333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8b8e4b0c8380cd4d25c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capesius, Joseph P. capesius@usgs.gov","contributorId":698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capesius","given":"Joseph","email":"capesius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":462990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, L. Rick","contributorId":101613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L. Rick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}