Fragmentation isolates individuals and restricts access to valuable habitat with severe consequences for populations, such as reduced gene flow, disruption of recolonization dynamics, reduced resiliency to disturbance, and changes in aquatic community structure. Translocations to mitigate the effects of fragmentation and habitat loss are common, but few are rigorously evaluated, particularly for fishes. Over six years, we translocated 1215 individuals of four species of imperiled fish isolated below a barrier on the San Juan River, Utah, USA, that restricts access to upstream habitat. We used re-encounter data (both passive integrated transponder tag and telemetry detections and physical recaptures) collected between 2016 and 2023, to inform a spatially explicit multistate mark–recapture model that estimated survival and transition probabilities of translocated and non-translocated individuals, both below and above the barrier. Individuals of all four species moved large (>200 km) distances upstream following translocation, with the maximum upstream encounter distance varying by species. Results from the multistate mark–recapture model suggested translocated fish survived at a higher rate compared with non-translocated fish below the barrier for three of the four species. Above the barrier, translocated individuals survived at similar rates as non-translocated fish for bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus) and flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis), while survival rates of translocated endangered Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius; mean, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.55–0.88) and endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus; 0.86, 0.75–0.92) were higher relative to non-translocated individuals (Colorado pikeminnow: 0.52, 0.51–0.54; razorback sucker: 0.75, 0.74–0.75). Transition probabilities from above the barrier to below the barrier were generally low for three of the four species (all upper 95% CI ≤ 0.23), but they were substantially higher for razorback sucker. Our results suggest translocation to mitigate fragmentation and habitat loss can have demographic benefits for large-river fish species by allowing movements necessary to complete their life history in heterogeneous riverscapes. Further, given the costs or delays in providing engineered fish passage structures or in achieving dam removal, we suggest translocations may provide an alternative conservation strategy in fragmented river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4874","usgsCitation":"Pennock, C., Healy, B.D., Bogaard, M.R., McKinstry, M.C., Gido, K.B., Cathcart, C.N., and Hines, B., 2024, Translocation in a fragmented river provides demographic benefits for imperiled fishes: Ecosphere, v. 15, no. 5, e4874, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4874.","productDescription":"e4874, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-157286","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4874","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":428797,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"San Juan River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.19795244457669,\n 37.464337921724805\n ],\n [\n -110.39339902199882,\n 37.464337921724805\n ],\n [\n -110.39339902199882,\n 36.58940165978096\n ],\n [\n -107.19795244457669,\n 36.58940165978096\n ],\n [\n -107.19795244457669,\n 37.464337921724805\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pennock, Casey A.","contributorId":287044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pennock","given":"Casey A.","affiliations":[{"id":28050,"text":"USU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, Brian D. 0000-0002-4402-638X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4402-638X","contributorId":304257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Brian","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bogaard, Matthew R.","contributorId":317815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bogaard","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12438,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKinstry, Mark C.","contributorId":301155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKinstry","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":65322,"text":"Upper Colorado Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gido, Keith B.","contributorId":198487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gido","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":900993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cathcart, C. Nathan","contributorId":214105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cathcart","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nathan","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hines, Brian","contributorId":336773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hines","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80857,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Upper Colorado Regional Office, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70257623,"text":"70257623 - 2024 - A two-dimensional, reach-scale implementation of space-time image velocimetry (STIV) and comparison to particle image velocimetry (PIV)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-21T11:58:57.627306","indexId":"70257623","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-14T06:54:21","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A two-dimensional, reach-scale implementation of space-time image velocimetry (STIV) and comparison to particle image velocimetry (PIV)","docAbstract":"Image-based algorithms have become a powerful tool for estimating flow velocities in rivers. In this study, we generalize the space-time image velocimetry (STIV) framework for reach-scale application rather than along a cross section. The new algorithm provides information on both the magnitude and orientation of velocity vectors, and we refer to the algorithm as two-dimensional STIV, or 2D-STIV. The workflow involves setting up a grid, using centreline tangent vectors as initial estimates of flow direction, and then extracting space-time images (STIs) along search lines radiating from each grid node. The autocorrelation function is used to infer the inclination of streak lines present in STIs, which represents the advection of water surface features. Information on flow direction is obtained by evaluating various candidate search lines and identifying that which yields the highest velocity. This search can be performed exhaustively or via optimization. We applied the new 2D-STIV algorithm to three test cases, one simulated data set and two natural channels, and compared image-derived velocities to modelled or measured values. We also applied two established particle image velocimetry (PIV) algorithms to the same data sets. 2D-STIV performed as well as the two PIV algorithms for simulated images. For a natural river with distinct water surface features, 2D-STIV was effective for much of the channel but also led to a more patchy, irregular velocity field than the two PIV algorithms. For a site lacking obvious surface features, exhaustive 2D-STIV led to velocity estimates uncorrelated with field data while the optimization-based version produced erratic flow directions. 2D-STIV also required greater image sequence durations, higher frame rates, and generally longer computational run times. Overall, ensemble PIV was the most reliable algorithm.
The Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE) partnership consists of six agencies representing the U.S. Government’s commitment to promoting the use of high-quality remotely sensed data to meet scientific and other Federal needs. These agencies are large consumers of remotely sensed data and bring extensive experience in the assessment and use of these data. The six agencies are as follows: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Geological Survey, and National Reconnaissance Office.
JACIE was formed in 2001 to assess the quality of data from the nascent commercial high-resolution satellite industry. Since then, JACIE has expanded its purview to include data at various resolutions, including commercial and civil.
The processes and techniques used by the JACIE agencies to assess data quality have been compiled within this report to share them across the agencies and with others who want to assess remotely sensed imagery data or understand how data are assessed and reported by JACIE.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241023","usgsCitation":"Cantrell, S.J., and Christopherson, J.B., 2024, Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE) best practices for remote sensing system evaluation and reporting: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1023, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241023.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-153510","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428638,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241023/full"},{"id":428637,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1023/images/"},{"id":428636,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1023/ofr20241023.XML"},{"id":428635,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1023/ofr20241023.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024–1023"},{"id":428634,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1023/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Mitigation translocations move wildlife from specific areas due to conflict with humans over land use at the site. A critical decision when carrying out mitigation translocation is the acceptable distance across which animals can be moved. This decision trades off logistical expediency of unrestricted translocation with the risk of reducing translocation success due to environmental mismatch between origin and translocation site conditions. In this study, we used a large dataset of 502 individually identifiable carcasses to examine the role of geographic origin and translocation distance in the relative survival of 2822 translocated subadult and adult gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus), a species experiencing large-scale mitigation translocation, at a recipient site in the Florida panhandle, USA. We hypothesized that if climate or habitat differences between the origin and translocation site influenced survival, tortoises translocated from within the Florida panhandle would have the highest survival. To the contrary, we found that survival slightly increased with increasing climatic difference between origin and recipient site, driven by higher survival of tortoises coming from central Florida sites compared to those from the panhandle and north Florida. This suggests that environmental mismatch due to long-distance translocation is not a main driver of mortality. These models also indicated an effect of season, with a survival advantage to tortoises translocated in the spring and late fall, relative to summer translocations, and a negative effect of initial density on survival. Finally, we also estimated the upper bound on annual survival in three well-monitored groups to be quite low (92–95%) for several years following release, suggesting caution when considering large translocated populations to be viable without first assessing adult survival. Our unexpected results highlight the importance of investigating species-specific sensitivities to translocation distances and indicate the limitations of assumed linear effects of translocation distance on outcomes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Zoological Society of London","doi":"10.1111/acv.12946","usgsCitation":"Loope, K.J., Cozad, R.A., Breakfield, D.B., Aresco, M.J., and Hunter, E.A., 2024, Unexpected effect of geographic origin on post-translocation survival in a long-lived reptile, the gopher tortoise: Animal Conservation, v. 27, no. 5, p. 685-697, https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12946.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"685","endPage":"697","ipdsId":"IP-155162","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12946","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433572,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loope, Kevin J.","contributorId":342810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loope","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozad, Rebecca A.","contributorId":342813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cozad","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":81935,"text":"Nokuse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breakfield, Derek. B.","contributorId":342814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breakfield","given":"Derek.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":81935,"text":"Nokuse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aresco, Matthew J.","contributorId":342815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aresco","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":81935,"text":"Nokuse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunter, Elizabeth Ann 0000-0003-4710-167X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-167X","contributorId":288535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70254169,"text":"70254169 - 2024 - Impacts of artificial rearing on cisco Coregonus artedi morphology, including pugheadedness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-01T14:46:18.29236","indexId":"70254169","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-13T07:24:51","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of artificial rearing on cisco Coregonus artedi morphology, including pugheadedness","docAbstract":"Rapid changes in sea ice extent and changes in freshwater inputs from land are rapidly changing the nature of Arctic estuarine ecosystems. In the Beaufort Sea, these nearshore habitats are known for their high productivity and mix of marine resident and diadromous fishes that have great subsistence value for Indigenous communities. There is, however, a lack of information on the spatial variation among Arctic nearshore fish communities as related to environmental drivers. In summers of 2017–2019, we sampled fishes in four estuarine ecosystems to assess community composition and relate fish abundance to temperature, salinity, and wind conditions. We found fish communities were heterogeneous over larger spatial extents with rivers forming fresh estuarine plumes that supported diadromous species (e.g., broad whitefish Coregonus nasus), while lagoons with reduced freshwater input and higher salinities were associated with marine species (e.g., saffron cod Eleginus gracilis). West–East directional winds accounted for up to 66% of the community variation, indicating importance of the wind-driven balance between fresh and marine water masses. Salinity and temperature accounted for up to 54% and 37% of the variation among lagoon communities, respectively. Recent sea ice declines provide more opportunity for wind to influence oceanographic conditions and biological communities. Current subsistence practices, future commercial fishing opportunities, and on-going oil and gas activities benefit from a better understanding of current fish community distributions. This work provides important data on fish spatial distributions and community composition, providing a basis for fish community response to changing climatic conditions and anthropogenic use.
Managing aquatic ecosystems for people and nature can be improved by collaboration among scientists, managers, decision-makers, and other stakeholders. Many collaborative and interdisciplinary approaches have been developed to address the management of freshwater ecosystems; however, there are still barriers to overcome. We worked as part of a regional stakeholder group comprising municipal water utility operators, conservation organizations, academic partners, and other stakeholders to understand the effects of low-flow and drought on ecological functions of the upper Flint River, Georgia (USA), a free-flowing river important for municipal water supply, recreation, and native biota. We used published literature and locally targeted studies to identify quantitative flow targets that could be used to inform water management and drought planning. Drawing from principles of Translational Ecology, we relied on an iterative process to develop information needs for the group and maintained communication and engagement throughout data collection, analysis, and synthesis. We identified three quantitative flow benchmarks to evaluate the ecological impacts of drought in the river. The results were valuable to both the water utilities represented in the working group and State regional water planning, which is used to guide water management strategies and permitting for the basin. We identified principles that were important for the successful engagement in the working group and helped to overcome the challenge of working across sectors and without direct authority guiding the implementation of our work. Interdisciplinary work and creative solutions are crucial to plan for and adapt to greater pressure on our water resources.
Cropland fallowing is choosing not to plant a crop during a season when a crop is normally planted. It is an important component of many crop rotations and can improve soil moisture and health. Knowing which fields are fallow is critical to assess crop productivity and crop water productivity, needed for food security assessments. The annual spatial extent of cropland fallows is poorly understood within the United States (U.S.). The U.S. Department of Agriculture Cropland Data Layer does provide cropland fallow areas; however, at a significantly lower confidence than their cropland classes. This study developed a methodology to map cropland fallows within the Northern Great Plains region of the U.S. using an easily implementable decision tree algorithm leveraging training and validation data from wet (2019), normal (2015), and dry (2017) precipitation years to account for climatic variability. The decision trees automated cropland fallow algorithm (ACFA) was coded on a cloud platform utilizing remotely sensed, time-series data from the years 2010–2019 to separate cropland fallows from other land cover/land use classes. Overall accuracies varied between 96%-98%. Producer’s and user’s accuracies of cropland fallow class varied between 70-87%.
A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered June 7, 1954 (New Jersey v. New York, 347 U.S. 995), established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey. In addition, the Decree authorizes the diversion of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from specific reservoirs owned by New York City be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master provide reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 62nd annual report of the River Master of the Delaware River. This report covers the 2015 River Master report year, which is the period from December 1, 2014, to November 30, 2015.
During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 42.22 inches or 95 percent of the long-term average. The combined storage remained above 80 percent of the combined capacity until August 2015. The lowest combined storage of the report year was 57 percent of the total combined capacity on December 1, 2014. Delaware River Master operations during the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree and the Flexible Flow Management Program.
Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey fully complied with the Decree. The reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 72 days during the report year. Interim Excess Release Quantity and conservation releases, designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs, were also made during the report year.
Water quality in the Delaware River estuary between the streamgages at Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at several locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected continuously by electronic instruments at four sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241010","isbn":"978-1-4113-4550-8","usgsCitation":"Russell, K.L., Andrews, W.J., DiFrenna, V.J., Norris, J.M., and Mason, R.R., Jr., 2024, Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2014–November 30, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1010, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241010.","productDescription":"xi, 96 p.","numberOfPages":"96","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-144905","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499205,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116401.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":428180,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1010/images/"},{"id":428179,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1010/ofr20241010.XML","description":"OFR 2024-1010 XML"},{"id":431003,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241010/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1010 HTML"},{"id":428177,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1010/ofr20241010.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1010 PDF"},{"id":428176,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1010/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.94505928621406,\n 40.05337883630068\n ],\n [\n -74.72855902979892,\n 39.22047921540104\n ],\n [\n -73.33537420998806,\n 42.70804724221631\n ],\n [\n -75.52173314274067,\n 43.29620805006448\n ],\n [\n -76.94505928621406,\n 40.05337883630068\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Delaware River Master
Office of the Delaware River Master
U.S. Geological Survey
Like many hydrocarbon production areas in the U.S., the Poso Creek Oil Field in California includes and is adjacent to other land uses (agricultural and other developed lands) that affect the hydrology and geochemistry of the aquifer overlying and adjacent to oil development. We hypothesize that the distributions of hydrocarbons and arsenic in groundwater in such areas will be controlled by complex interactions between mixed land uses, oil-field infrastructure, and natural processes. In 2020–2021, samples of groundwater and surface water were collected and analyzed for a large suite of inorganic and organic chemicals and isotope and gas tracers to test this hypothesis. Those data are supplemented with ancillary data on historical geochemistry, hydrology, geology, and oil-field infrastructure. Hydrocarbons in groundwater (e.g., methane through pentane gases and benzene) are associated with natural processes (e.g., fault offsets or transition in sediment depositional environment) and oil-field infrastructure (e.g., fluid-migration pathways associated with uncemented annulus in oil wells or unlined pits). Arsenic concentrations >10 μg per liter (μg/L; maximum concentration 12.9 μg/L) are associated with natural processes in old, high-pH groundwater, and more recent recharge of water from natural and/or engineered recharge processes. Along the southwest margin of the oil field, pumping for drinking-water and irrigation supplies in combination with engineered groundwater recharge produce a depression in groundwater elevations where groundwater with elevated sulfate concentrations from agricultural areas and groundwater with hydrocarbons from the oil field mix to produce a zone of sulfate reduction that removes hydrocarbons and arsenic from groundwater but produces elevated sulfide (S2-) concentrations (maximum concentration 29 mg per liter, mg/L). In this study, multiple approaches were required to resolve the overlapping effects of land uses, oil-field infrastructure, and natural processes on the distributions of hydrocarbons and arsenic in groundwater. The combined use of geographic, historical, physical, chemical, isotopic, and other information to constrain processes could be a useful approach for studies in other hydrocarbon-production areas. This is particularly important where land uses affect aquifer hydrology to an extent that causes mixing of groundwaters with different chemical compositions.
The Grand Valley in western Colorado is in the semiarid Southwest United States. The north side of the Grand Valley has many ungaged ephemeral streams, which are of particular interest because (1) the underlying bedrock geology, Late Cretaceous Mancos Shale, is a sedimentary rock deposit identified as a major salinity contributor to the Colorado River and (2) despite infrequent streamflows of short duration, monsoon-derived floods in these ephemeral streams can carry substantial amounts of sediment downstream, affecting upstream and downstream banks and channel cross sections. The study area is of interest, because salinity, or the total dissolved solids concentration, in the Colorado River causes an estimated $300 million to $400 million per year in economic damages in the United States, and it is estimated 62 percent of the Upper Colorado River Basin’s total dissolved solid loads originate from geologic sources. In an effort to minimize salt contributions to the Colorado River from public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management, a comprehensive salinity control approach is typically used to reduce nonpoint sources of salinity through land management techniques and practices.
In 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, began an assessment of ephemeral streams located on the north side of the Grand Valley, western Colorado, to characterize stream channel stability and identify mechanisms affecting erosion. The U.S. Geological Survey developed a method for automatically extracting channel cross-section geometry from existing remotely sensed terrain models. Based on estimated flood stage and surrogate streamflows, hydraulic characteristics were calculated. Furthermore, the channel geometries and hydraulic characteristics were used to estimate channel stability using a statistical model.
Cross-section stabilities were determined from a stream channel stability assessment for a subset of 1,406 visited (field observed) locations out of 13,415 cross sections, which were delineated from remotely sensed terrain models. The application of Manning’s resistance equation in combination with multiple logistic regression models demonstrated channel stability can be estimated with a 0.845 goodness of fit for a validation dataset when using a combination of drainage area, width-to-depth ratio, sinuosity, and shear stress as the explanatory variables. Stream channel stability was extrapolated for 13,415 unvisited (not field observed) cross sections using the multiple logistic regression model and defined explanatory variables. Mapping of the ephemeral streams and their associated stabilities may be used by the Bureau of Land Management to prioritize areas for remediation or changes in management strategies to reduce sediment and salinity loading to the Colorado River.
The study found channel stability within the ephemeral streams to be spatially variable, longitudinally discontinuous, and dictated by changes in channel bed slope. The stable ephemeral streams were relatively wide and shallow and often had smaller drainage areas with less potential for producing shear stresses capable of overcoming channel adhesion. A change in channel bed slope can provide the means necessary to generate shear stresses appropriate to initiate erosion and a subsequent stability transition to incising channels. Channel widening happens when either or both banks of an incising channel reach a critical height for mass wasting, or when channel curvature causes higher sidewall stress. Regardless, widening channels can promote increases in sinuosity and subsequently reduce steep channel bed slopes. Consequently, stable and widening channels can have comparable bed slopes, making channel bed slope a poor explanatory variable to predict channel stability overall, despite its function to initiate channel instability.
The results were based on a surrogate 0.10 annual exceedance probability (AEP; return period equal to the 10-year flood) interval streamflow, although it was recognized fluctuations in streamflow would also affect channel stability. Past and current changes within the study area affect streamflow; therefore, mechanisms affecting erosion include land use disturbances, soil compaction, loss of vegetation cover, drought, less frequent and more extreme precipitation, and fires—which all intensify the potential runoff and erosion within the study area.
Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 415
Denver, Colorado 80225
Mathematical models are useful for public health planning and response to infectious disease threats. However, different models can provide differing results, which can hamper decision making if not synthesized appropriately. To address this challenge, multi-model hubs convene independent modeling groups to generate ensembles, known to provide more accurate predictions of future outcomes. Yet, these hubs are resource intensive, and how many models are sufficient in a hub is not known. Here, we compare the benefit of predictions from multiple models in different contexts: (1) decision settings that depend on predictions of quantitative outcomes (e.g., hospital capacity planning), where assessments of the benefits of multi-model ensembles have largely focused; and (2) decisions settings that require the ranking of alternative epidemic scenarios (e.g., comparing outcomes under multiple possible interventions and biological uncertainties). We develop a mathematical framework to mimic a multi-model prediction setting, and use this framework to quantify how frequently predictions from different models agree. We further explore multi-model agreement using real-world, empirical data from 14 rounds of U.S. COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub projections. Our results suggest that the value of multiple models could be different in different decision contexts, and if only a few models are available, focusing on the rank of alternative epidemic scenarios could be more robust than focusing on quantitative outcomes. Although additional exploration of the sufficient number of models for different contexts is still needed, our results indicate that it may be possible to identify decision contexts where it is robust to rely on fewer models, a finding that can inform the use of modeling resources during future public health crises.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100767","usgsCitation":"Wade-Malone, L.K., Howerton, E., Probert, W., Runge, M.C., Viboud, C., and Shea, K., 2024, When do we need multiple infectious disease models? Agreement between projection rank and magnitude in a multi-model setting: Epidemics, v. 47, 100767, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100767.","productDescription":"100767, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-158794","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100767","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wade-Malone, La Keisha","contributorId":347211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wade-Malone","given":"La","email":"","middleInitial":"Keisha","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howerton, Emily 0000-0002-0639-3728","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0639-3728","contributorId":258035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howerton","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Probert, William J.M.","contributorId":268234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Probert","given":"William J.M.","affiliations":[{"id":25447,"text":"University of Oxford","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":921054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Viboud, Cecile 0000-0003-3243-4711","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-4711","contributorId":258034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viboud","given":"Cecile","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52216,"text":"National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shea, Katriona 0000-0002-7607-8248","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7607-8248","contributorId":193646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shea","given":"Katriona","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":921056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70273290,"text":"70273290 - 2024 - Modeling nearshore total phosphorus in Lake Michigan using linked hydrodynamic and water quality models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-05T15:24:15.668823","indexId":"70273290","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-06T09:12:30","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling nearshore total phosphorus in Lake Michigan using linked hydrodynamic and water quality models","docAbstract":"Seismic tomography is the most abundant source of information about the internal structure of the Earth at scales ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers. It constrains the properties of active volcanoes, earthquake fault zones, deep reservoirs and storage sites, glaciers and ice sheets, or the entire globe. It contributes to outstanding societal problems related to natural hazards, resource exploration, underground storage, and many more. The recent advances in seismic tomography are being translated to nondestructive testing, medical ultrasound, and helioseismology. Nearly 50 yr after its first successful applications, this article offers a snapshot of modern seismic tomography. Focused on major challenges and particularly promising research directions, it is intended to guide both Earth science professionals and early‐career scientists. The individual contributions by the coauthors provide diverse perspectives on topics that may at first seem disconnected but are closely tied together by a few coherent threads: multiparameter inversion for properties related to dynamic processes, data quality, and geographic coverage, uncertainty quantification that is useful for geologic interpretation, new formulations of tomographic inverse problems that address concrete geologic questions more directly, and the presentation and quantitative comparison of tomographic models. It remains to be seen which of these problems will be considered solved, solved to some extent, or practically unsolvable over the next decade.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120230229","usgsCitation":"Fichtner, A., Kennett, B., Tsai, V.C., Thurber, C., Rodgers, A., Tape, C., Rawlinson, N., Borcherdt, R.D., Lebedev, S., Priestley, K., Morency, C., Bozdag, E., Tromp, J., Ritsema, J., Romanowicz, B., Liu, Q., Golos, E., and Lin, F., 2024, Seismic tomography 2023: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 114, no. 3, p. 1185-1213, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120230229.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1185","endPage":"1213","ipdsId":"IP-157788","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2426716","text":"External 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0000-0003-1809-6672","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1809-6672","contributorId":199684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsai","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27150,"text":"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurber, Clifford","contributorId":347048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurber","given":"Clifford","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodgers, Artie","contributorId":365868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodgers","given":"Artie","affiliations":[{"id":87234,"text":"Lawarence Livermore Nat 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0000-0002-8668-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":257482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lebedev, Sergei","contributorId":365870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebedev","given":"Sergei","affiliations":[{"id":27136,"text":"University of Cambridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Priestley, Keith","contributorId":365871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Priestley","given":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":27136,"text":"University of Cambridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Morency, 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Jeroen","contributorId":365874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritsema","given":"Jeroen","affiliations":[{"id":37387,"text":"University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Romanowicz, Barbara","contributorId":365875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romanowicz","given":"Barbara","affiliations":[{"id":87237,"text":"University of California- Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Liu, Qinya","contributorId":365876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Qinya","affiliations":[{"id":7044,"text":"University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Golos, Eva","contributorId":365877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golos","given":"Eva","affiliations":[{"id":82473,"text":"University of Wisconsin- Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Lin, Fan-Chi","contributorId":175478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Fan-Chi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13252,"text":"University of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70261210,"text":"70261210 - 2024 - Unscrambling the Proterozoic supercontinent record of northeastern Washington State, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-02T15:13:22.777356","indexId":"70261210","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-03T09:00:53","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Unscrambling the Proterozoic supercontinent record of northeastern Washington State, USA","docAbstract":"The time interval from Supercontinent Nuna assembly in the late Paleoproterozoic to Supercontinent Rodinia breakup in the Neoproterozoic is considered by some geologists to comprise the “Boring Billion,” an interval possibly marked by a slowdown in plate tectonic processes. In northeastern Washington State, USA, similar to much of western Laurentia, early workers generally thought the tectonostratigraphic framework of this interval of geologic time consisted of two major sequences, the (ca. 1480–1380 Ma) Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup and unconformably overlying (<720 Ma) Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup. However, recent research indicates that strata considered by early workers as Belt Supergroup equivalents are actually younger, and a post-Belt, pre-Windermere record is present within the <1360 Ma Deer Trail Group and <760 Ma Buffalo Hump Formation. Thus, the northeastern Washington region perhaps comprises the most complete stratigraphic record of the “Boring Billion” time interval in the northwestern United States and holds important insights into global Proterozoic supercontinent tectonic processes. In light of these exciting developments, this field guide will address the early historic economic geology and original mapping of these Proterozoic sequences in the northeastern Washington region, and from that foundation explore more recent isotopic provenance data and their regional to global context. Finally, the guide will end with a discussion of remaining questions with a goal of stimulating interest in these relatively understudied, yet important, rocks.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proterozoic Nuna to Pleistocene megafloods: Sharing geology of the inland northwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2024.0069(02)","usgsCitation":"Brennan, D., Box, S.E., and Eyster, A., 2024, Unscrambling the Proterozoic supercontinent record of northeastern Washington State, USA, chap. of Proterozoic Nuna to Pleistocene megafloods: Sharing geology of the inland northwest, v. 69, p. 25-57, https://doi.org/10.1130/2024.0069(02).","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"57","ipdsId":"IP-160767","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":464626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.41897809481472,\n 48.704437980903606\n ],\n [\n -118.41897809481472,\n 48.045446269627746\n ],\n [\n -117.22731964669383,\n 48.045446269627746\n ],\n [\n -117.22731964669383,\n 48.704437980903606\n ],\n [\n -118.41897809481472,\n 48.704437980903606\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brennan, Daniel","contributorId":346764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brennan","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36941,"text":"Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":919870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eyster, Athena","contributorId":346765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eyster","given":"Athena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6936,"text":"Tufts University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70255660,"text":"70255660 - 2024 - Combining terrestrial lidar with single line transects to investigate geomorphic change: A case study on the Upper Verde River, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T12:27:55.213471","indexId":"70255660","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-03T07:24:38","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining terrestrial lidar with single line transects to investigate geomorphic change: A case study on the Upper Verde River, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Upper Verde River in northern Arizona, USA is a vital resource for the wildlife and humans that rely on its waters. We characterize the riparian corridor topography using terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) data from 2021 to 2022. We also quantify geomorphic changes associated with human and climate-driven alterations in river flow and vegetation changes by combining the contemporary lidar surveys with legacy measurements from single line geomorphology transects measured by the United States Forest Service (USFS) in 2009. Seventeen plots along the Upper Verde River were surveyed with the TLS and the data were coregistered within individual plots with a Root Mean Square Error of <0.03 m among scan positions. Digital Elevation Models (DEM) were derived for each plot from the TLS data at 10 cm resolution and compared to the 2009 USFS cross-section data to quantify elevation changes. In areas with statistically significant change, we detected maximum changes in elevation due to erosion and deposition of −0.37 m and + 0.97 m, respectively. Topographic changes over the 13-year period were predominately aggradation and associated with sediment deposition, which we hypothesize might have resulted from altered river flow and vegetation encroachment. This study also demonstrates a quantitative and statistical methodology to fuse traditional single line cross-section data with contemporary lidar data to quantify geomorphic change. The novel approach demonstrated here is broadly applicable to natural resource managers for integrating and contextualizing legacy topographic data for understanding past, present, and future landscape and habitat changes.
A structured decision making (SDM) approach can help evaluate tradeoffs between conservation and human-benefit objectives by fostering communication and knowledge transfer among stakeholders, decision makers, and the public. However, the process is iterative and completing the full process may take years. It can be difficult to initiate an SDM effort when problems seem insurmountable. Occasionally, SDM may not even be the best or correct approach for addressing the conservation problem at hand. We describe the implementation of an SDM process to help inform difficult decisions related to competing objectives. We convened a diverse stakeholder group from the largest estuary in the western United States; the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Bay-Delta). The stakeholder group consisted of representatives from local, state, and federal agencies, non-profit organizations, and recreational fishers. The stakeholder group agreed on a problem statement and identified four priority objectives related to Chinook salmon, delta smelt, water availability and reliability, and agricultural water use. Furthermore, they proposed 14 candidate management actions to achieve their objectives. The group then used existing quantitative models and data to evaluate trade-offs in proposed management actions to identify areas of agreement of proposed candidate actions. The clear communication of the problem statement and objectives among the stakeholder group, along with evaluation of tradeoffs and uncertainty via decision-support models suggest that a full SDM approach may work in the Bay-Delta. We further communicate lessons learned during our implementation of SDM to help guide future SDM efforts in the region and elsewhere.
Lead poisoning is an important global conservation problem for many species of wildlife, especially raptors. Despite the increasing number of individual studies and regional reviews of lead poisoning of raptors, it has been over a decade since this information has been compiled into a comprehensive global review. Here, we summarize the state of knowledge of lead poisoning of raptors, we review developments in manufacturing of non-lead ammunition, the use of which can reduce the most pervasive source of lead these birds encounter, and we compile data on voluntary and regulatory mitigation options and their associated sociological context. We support our literature review with case studies of mitigation actions, largely provided by the conservation practitioners who study or manage these efforts. Our review illustrates the growing awareness and understanding of lead exposure of raptors, and it shows that the science underpinning this understanding has expanded considerably in recent years. We also show that the political and social appetite for managing lead ammunition appears to vary substantially across administrative regions, countries, and continents. Improved understanding of the drivers of this variation could support more effective mitigation of lead exposure of wildlife. This review also shows that mitigation strategies are likely to be most effective when they are outcome driven, consider behavioural theory, local cultures, and environmental conditions, effectively monitor participation, compliance, and levels of raptor exposure, and support both environmental and human health.
We develop basin-depth-scaling models (i.e. “basin terms”) from the long-period (T≥2s) simulated ground motions of the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) CyberShake project for use in seismic hazard analyses at sites within the sedimentary basins of southern California. Basin terms use the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)-West-2 ground-motion models (GMMs) as reference models and use their functional forms with slight modifications. We investigate the use of two approaches to incorporate the time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 m (VS30) in these calculations and find that the use of site-specific and uniform VS30 has minor effects on the resulting basin terms for this data set. By centering the simulated ground motions on the basin terms, we separate the information from the simulations about absolute ground-motion level from information relating to the relative amplifications, such as the differences between shallow- and deep-basin sites. Recent observations from sedimentary basins of southern California indicate that additional amplification effect may persist at relatively shallow basin depths (i.e. the GMM basin terms should have positive values when differential depths, δZ1, are near zero), and we present models for “centered” and “adjusted” basin-depth scaling models that reflect this potential. The simulation-modified GMMs are appropriate for crustal sources and for deep-basin sites (δZ1>0) within basins of the Greater Los Angeles region, for the magnitudes and distances defined by each of the reference NGA-West-2 GMMs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1177/87552930241232372","usgsCitation":"Moschetti, M.P., Thompson, E.M., and Withers, K., 2024, Basin effects from 3D simulated ground motions in the Greater Los Angeles region for use in seismic-hazard analyses: Earthquake Spectra, v. 40, no. 2, p. 1042-1065, https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930241232372.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1042","endPage":"1065","ipdsId":"IP-158956","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930241232372","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Greater Los Angeles Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.94149918428957,\n 34.32364441847551\n ],\n [\n -117.43918255359767,\n 33.188428269892825\n ],\n [\n -116.44515493576301,\n 34.234161392994224\n ],\n [\n -119.42762588538866,\n 35.4271042958259\n ],\n [\n -119.94149918428957,\n 34.32364441847551\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moschetti, Morgan P. 0000-0001-7261-0295 mmoschetti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-0295","contributorId":1662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moschetti","given":"Morgan","email":"mmoschetti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Eric M. 0000-0002-6943-4806 emthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-4806","contributorId":150897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric","email":"emthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Withers, Kyle 0000-0001-7863-3930","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7863-3930","contributorId":203492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Withers","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70257455,"text":"70257455 - 2024 - A video monitoring and computational system for estimating migratory juvenile fish abundance in river systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-06T17:36:38.170712","indexId":"70257455","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-01T10:26:15","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7183,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A video monitoring and computational system for estimating migratory juvenile fish abundance in river systems","docAbstract":"Diadromous fishes migrate between marine and fresh waters for reproduction. For anadromous species, which spawn in freshwater, improved access to freshwater spawning and nursery habitats and ability of juveniles to emigrate to the ocean may support population recovery. Despite the potentially enormous influence of early life stage survival on adult population size, managers and scientists have limited capacity to assess numbers of juvenile anadromous fishes leaving freshwater ecosystems. Such data are critical for evaluating reproductive success and habitat suitability and have been identified as a top priority in anadromous fish research and management. We developed a state-of-the-art underwater video and computational system to collect videos to estimate abundances and migration timing for juvenile river herring (Alosa pseudoharengus; Alosa aestivalis). We collected continuous video in the Monument River (Bourne, Massachusetts, USA) from June to November 2017. We trained three types of neural network models to detect and count fish in video frames and evaluated model performance by comparing human counts to model outputs. Our top model assessed presence and absence (F1 = 87%) and counted fish (counting error 9.4%) with an accuracy comparable to human counters (F1 = 88%). Our system's capability to collect accurate counts of emigrating juveniles will provide critical information that could be related to the numbers of spawning adults, system-specific productivity, and spawning and nursery habitat suitability. Both the video collection system and computational model may be transferrable to other sites and for other species where tracking juvenile emigration may inform management efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10607","usgsCitation":"Marjadi, M., Batchelder, S., Govostes, R., Roy, A.H., Sheppard, J.J., Slocombe, M., and Llopiz, J.K., 2024, A video monitoring and computational system for estimating migratory juvenile fish abundance in river systems: Limnology and Oceanography Methods, v. 22, no. 5, p. 295-310, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10607.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"310","ipdsId":"IP-153977","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10607","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Bourne","otherGeospatial":"Monument River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.64760395310527,\n 41.776303905697034\n ],\n [\n -70.64760395310527,\n 41.73753363601219\n ],\n [\n -70.46626157712495,\n 41.73753363601219\n ],\n [\n -70.46626157712495,\n 41.776303905697034\n ],\n [\n -70.64760395310527,\n 41.776303905697034\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marjadi, Meghna N.","contributorId":342885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marjadi","given":"Meghna N.","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batchelder, Sidney","contributorId":342893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batchelder","given":"Sidney","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Govostes, Ryan","contributorId":343989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Govostes","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sheppard, John J.","contributorId":342890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheppard","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39892,"text":"Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Slocombe, Meghan-Grace","contributorId":342888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slocombe","given":"Meghan-Grace","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Llopiz, Joel K.","contributorId":317780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Llopiz","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":13294,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70267511,"text":"70267511 - 2024 - Land use and dog park associations with Escherichia coli in the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T14:00:46.293627","indexId":"70267511","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-01T08:52:05","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":18517,"text":"Science Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/SR—2024/113","title":"Land use and dog park associations with Escherichia coli in the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area watershed","docAbstract":"A recent study in the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT) indicated that dogs were a primary source of fecal contamination in the Chattahoochee River and that at least some of the contamination in the river was coming from locations outside of CHAT. The study herein sought to determine if dog parks in the CHAT watershed were sources of dog fecal contamination in streams within the watershed. Escherichia coli (E. coli) data were compiled from the Chattahoochee Riverkeeper Neighborhood Water Watch (NWW) program for sites within the CHAT watershed. Information about dog park locations within the Atlanta metropolitan area was compiled through online searches. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, forward stepwise linear regression, and Spearman rank correlations were used to investigate the relations between seasonal E. coli levels (E. coli concentration and the proportion of samples that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency beach action value [BAV]) and dog parks within the drainage basins. NWW sites with dog parks within the drainage basins had higher E. coli concentrations in the summer and winter, and samples exceeded the BAV more frequently in the winter than sites without dog parks within the drainage basins. Escherichia coli levels in the summer and winter were positively correlated with the number of dog parks within the drainage basins, indicating that E. coli concentrations and the frequency of BAV exceedances were seasonally higher at sites with more dog parks than at sites with fewer dog parks within the drainage basins. Escherichia coli concentrations in the summer were negatively correlated with distance to the nearest dog park in the drainage basin, indicating that sites with at least one dog park in close proximity had higher E. coli concentrations in the summer than sites for which the closest dog park was more distantly located. However, results of this study may have been influenced by the high degree of spatial autocorrelation in the data caused by overlapping drainage basins. Additionally, E. coli occurs in the gut systems of many species, so concentrations of E. coli may not represent levels of dog fecal contamination. Dog waste in residential yards and neighborhoods is a possible source of contamination in the watershed that could be investigated in future studies on sources of fecal contamination in the CHAT watershed. Utilizing dog-specific genetic markers in future studies would help reduce ambiguity in data interpretation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service","doi":"10.36967/2302755","collaboration":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"McKee, A., and Couch, A., 2024, Land use and dog park associations with Escherichia coli in the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area watershed: Science Report NPS/SR—2024/113, vii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.36967/2302755.","productDescription":"vii, 33 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135638","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.9,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -84.6,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -84.6,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -83.9,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -83.9,\n 34.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, A.M. 0000-0003-2790-5320","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-5320","contributorId":334968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":938452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Couch, Ann M.","contributorId":355960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Couch","given":"Ann M.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70263625,"text":"70263625 - 2024 - Why do seismic hazard models worldwide appear to overpredict historical intensity observations?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-18T15:27:18.152919","indexId":"70263625","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-01T08:19:49","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5010,"text":"Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why do seismic hazard models worldwide appear to overpredict historical intensity observations?","docAbstract":"Probabilistic seismic hazard assessments (PSHAs) provide the scientific basis for building codes to reduce damage from earthquakes. Despite their substantial impact, little is known about how well PSHA predicts actual shaking. Recent PSHA for California, Japan, Italy, Nepal, and France appear to consistently overpredict historically observed earthquake shaking intensities. Numerical simulations show that observed shaking is equally likely to be above or below predictions. This result from independently developed models and datasets in different countries and tectonic settings indicates possible systematic bias in the hazard models, the observations, or both. Analysis of possible causes shows that much of the discrepancy is due to a subtle and rarely considered issue: the conversion equations used in comparing the models—which forecast shaking as peak ground acceleration or velocity—and observations—parameterizations of qualitative shaking reports. Historical shaking reports fill a crucial data gap, but more research is warranted on how qualitative observations relate to instrumental shaking measures for earthquakes.
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Leah Marschall 0000-0002-4478-1836","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4478-1836","contributorId":297144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salditch","given":"Leah","email":"","middleInitial":"Marschall","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallahue, Molly M.","contributorId":263448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallahue","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, Seth","contributorId":263457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stein","given":"Seth","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neely, James S.","contributorId":263454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neely","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abrahamson, Norman A.","contributorId":45202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"Norman A.","affiliations":[{"id":13174,"text":"Pacific Gas & Electric","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":263442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70257438,"text":"70257438 - 2024 - Regional seismic velocity model for the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains based on measured shear wave velocity, sediment thickness, and surface geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-16T12:24:55.911749","indexId":"70257438","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-01T07:23:19","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional seismic velocity model for the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains based on measured shear wave velocity, sediment thickness, and surface geology","docAbstract":"The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains (CPs) are characterized by widespread accumulations of low-velocity sediments and sedimentary rock that overlay high-velocity bedrock. Geology and sediment thickness greatly influence seismic wave propagation, but current regional ground motion amplification and seismic hazard models include limited characterization of these site conditions. In this study, a new regional seismic velocity model for the CPs is created by integrating shear wave velocity (VS) measurements, surface geology, and a sediment thickness model recently developed for the CPs. A reference rock VS of 3000 m/s has been assumed at the bottom of the sedimentary columns, which corresponds to the base of Cretaceous and Mesozoic sediments underlying the Atlantic CP and the Gulf CP, respectively. Measured VS profiles located throughout the CPs are sorted into five geologic groups of varying age, and median VS profiles are developed for each group by combining measured VS values within layer thicknesses defined by an assumed layering ratio. Statistical analyses are also conducted to test the appropriateness of the selected groups. A power law model with geology-informed coefficients is used to extend the median velocity models beyond the depths where measured data were available. The median VS profiles provide reasonable agreement with other generic models applicable for the region, but they also incorporate new information that enables more advanced characterizations of site response at regional scales and their effective incorporation into seismic hazard models and building codes. The proposed median velocity profiles can be assigned within a grid-based model of the CPs according to the spatial distribution of geologic units at the surface.