{"pageNumber":"700","pageRowStart":"17475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46883,"records":[{"id":70036930,"text":"70036930 - 2011 - Mapping the Philippines' mangrove forests using Landsat imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T13:28:33","indexId":"70036930","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3380,"text":"Sensors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the Philippines' mangrove forests using Landsat imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>Current, accurate, and reliable information on the areal extent and spatial distribution of mangrove forests in the Philippines is limited. Previous estimates of mangrove extent do not illustrate the spatial distribution for the entire country. This study, part of a global assessment of mangrove dynamics, mapped the spatial distribution and areal extent of the Philippines’ mangroves circa 2000. We used publicly available Landsat data acquired primarily from the Global Land Survey to map the total extent and spatial distribution. ISODATA clustering, an unsupervised classification technique, was applied to 61 Landsat images. Statistical analysis indicates the total area of mangrove forest cover was approximately 256,185 hectares circa 2000 with overall classification accuracy of 96.6% and a kappa coefficient of 0.926. These results differ substantially from most recent estimates of mangrove area in the Philippines. The results of this study may assist the decision making processes for rehabilitation and conservation efforts that are currently needed to protect and restore the Philippines’ degraded mangrove forests. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/s110302972","issn":"14248220","usgsCitation":"Long, J., and Giri, C., 2011, Mapping the Philippines' mangrove forests using Landsat imagery: Sensors, v. 11, no. 3, p. 2972-2981, https://doi.org/10.3390/s110302972.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2972","endPage":"2981","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475281,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s110302972","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217834,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s110302972"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a507be4b0c8380cd6b6fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Jordan 0000-0002-4814-464X jlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4814-464X","contributorId":3609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Jordan","email":"jlong@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giri, Chandra cgiri@usgs.gov","contributorId":189128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"Chandra","email":"cgiri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036903,"text":"70036903 - 2011 - In-situ gas hydrate hydrate saturation estimated from various well logs at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T19:30:54.671568","indexId":"70036903","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In-situ gas hydrate hydrate saturation estimated from various well logs at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"<p id=\"abspara0010\">In 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed detailed analysis and interpretation of available 2-D and 3-D seismic data and proposed a viable method for identifying sub-permafrost gas hydrate prospects within the gas hydrate stability zone in the Milne Point area of northern Alaska. To validate the predictions of the USGS and to acquire critical reservoir data needed to develop a long-term production testing program, a well was drilled at the Mount Elbert prospect in February, 2007. Numerous well log data and cores were acquired to estimate in-situ gas hydrate saturations and reservoir properties.</p><p id=\"abspara0015\">Gas hydrate saturations were estimated from various well logs such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), P- and S-wave velocity, and electrical resistivity logs along with pore-water salinity. Gas hydrate saturations from the NMR log agree well with those estimated from P- and S-wave velocity data. Because of the low salinity of the connate water and the low formation temperature, the resistivity of connate water is comparable to that of shale. Therefore, the effect of clay should be accounted for to accurately estimate gas hydrate saturations from the resistivity data. Two highly gas hydrate-saturated intervals are identified – an upper ∼43 ft zone with an average gas hydrate saturation of 54% and a lower ∼53 ft zone with an average gas hydrate saturation of 50%; both zones reach a maximum of about 75% saturation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.06.007","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Collett, T.S., 2011, In-situ gas hydrate hydrate saturation estimated from various well logs at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 439-449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.06.007.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"449","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217891,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.06.007"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -161.3671875,\n              70.28911664330674\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.169921875,\n              68.65655498475735\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.775390625,\n              67.60922060496382\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.44921875,\n              68.26938680456564\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.921875,\n              70.11048478105927\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.28125,\n              72.58082870324515\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.609375,\n              71.88357830131248\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.3671875,\n              70.28911664330674\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39c2e4b0c8380cd61a2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036902,"text":"70036902 - 2011 - Geologic controls on gas hydrate occurrence in the Mount Elbert prospect, Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T19:51:02.165658","indexId":"70036902","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic controls on gas hydrate occurrence in the Mount Elbert prospect, Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"<p><span>Data acquired at the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, drilled in the Milne Point area of the Alaska North Slope in February, 2007, indicates two zones of high gas hydrate saturation within the Eocene Sagavanirktok Formation. Gas hydrate is observed in two separate sand reservoirs (the D and C units), in the stratigraphically highest portions of those sands, and is not detected in non-sand lithologies. In the younger D unit, gas hydrate appears to fill much of the available reservoir space at the top of the unit. The degree of vertical fill with the D unit is closely related to the unit reservoir quality. A thick, low-permeability clay-dominated unit serves as an upper seal, whereas a subtle transition to more clay-rich, and interbedded sand, silt, and clay units is associated with the base of gas hydrate occurrence. In the underlying C unit, the reservoir is similarly capped by a clay-dominated section, with gas hydrate filling the relatively lower-quality sands at the top of the unit leaving an underlying thick section of high-reservoir quality sands devoid of gas hydrate. Evaluation of well log, core, and seismic data indicate that the gas hydrate occurs within complex combination stratigraphic/structural traps. Structural trapping is provided by a four-way fold closure augmented by a large western bounding fault. Lithologic variation is also a likely strong control on lateral extent of the reservoirs, particularly in the D unit accumulation, where gas hydrate appears to extend beyond the limits of the structural closure. Porous and permeable zones within the C unit sand are only partially charged due most likely to limited structural trapping in the reservoir lithofacies during the period of primary charging. The occurrence of the gas hydrate within the sands in the upper portions of both the C and D units and along the crest of the fold is consistent with an interpretation that these deposits are converted free gas accumulations formed prior to the imposition of gas hydrate stability conditions.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.12.004","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Boswell, R., Rose, K., Collett, T.S., Lee, M.W., Winters, W.J., Lewis, K.A., and Agena, W.F., 2011, Geologic controls on gas hydrate occurrence in the Mount Elbert prospect, Alaska North Slope: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 589-607, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.12.004.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"607","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475172,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4387","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217890,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.12.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"The Mount Elbert well","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -161.3671875,\n              70.28911664330674\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.169921875,\n              68.65655498475735\n            ],\n            [\n             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K.","contributorId":43594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lewis, Kristen A. 0000-0003-4991-3399 klewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-3399","contributorId":4120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Kristen","email":"klewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Agena, Warren F. wagena@usgs.gov","contributorId":3181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agena","given":"Warren","email":"wagena@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036899,"text":"70036899 - 2011 - The timing of tertiary metamorphism and deformation in the Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex, Utah and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70036899","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The timing of tertiary metamorphism and deformation in the Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex, Utah and Idaho","docAbstract":"The Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex of southern Idaho and northern Utah exposes 2.56-Ga orthogneisses and Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks that were intruded by 32-25-Ma granitic plutons. Pluton emplacement was contemporaneous with peak metamorphism, ductile thinning of the country rocks, and top-to-thewest, normal-sense shear along the Middle Mountain shear zone. Monazite and zircon from an attenuated stratigraphic section in the Middle Mountain were dated with U-Pb, using a SHRIMP-RG (reverse geometry) ion microprobe. Zircons from the deformed Archean gneiss preserve a crystallization age of 2532 ?? 33 Ma, while monazites range from 32.6 ?? 0.6 to 27.1 ?? 0.6 Ma. In the schist of the Upper Narrows, detrital zircons lack metamorphic overgrowths, and monazites produced discordant U-Pb ages that range from 52.8 ?? 0.6 to 37.5 ?? 0.3 Ma. From the structurally and stratigraphically highest unit sampled, the schist of Stevens Spring, narrow metamorphic rims on detrital zircons yield ages from 140-110 Ma, and monazite grains contained cores that yield an age of 141 ??2 Ma, whereas rims and some whole grains ranged from 35.5 ?? 0.5 to 30.0 ?? 0.4 Ma. A boudinaged pegmatite exposed in Basin Creek is deformed by the Middle Mountains shear zone and yields a monazite age of 27.6 ?? 0.2 Ma. We interpret these data to indicate two periods of monazite and metamorphic zircon growth: a poorly preserved Early Cretaceous period (???140 Ma) that is strongly overprinted by Oligocene metamorphism (???32-27 Ma) related to regional plutonism and extension. ?? 2011 by The University of Chicago.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/658294","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Strickland, A., Miller, E.L., and Wooden, J.L., 2011, The timing of tertiary metamorphism and deformation in the Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex, Utah and Idaho: Journal of Geology, v. 119, no. 2, p. 185-206, https://doi.org/10.1086/658294.","startPage":"185","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217832,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/658294"}],"volume":"119","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb102e4b08c986b3251c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strickland, A.","contributorId":31217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, E. L.","contributorId":75583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036873,"text":"70036873 - 2011 - Trap style influences wild pig behavior and trapping success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T16:30:51.504874","indexId":"70036873","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trap style influences wild pig behavior and trapping success","docAbstract":"<p><span>Despite the efforts of many natural resource professionals, wild pig (</span><i>Sus scrofa</i><span>) populations are expanding in many areas of the world. Although many creative techniques for controlling pig populations are being explored, trapping has been and still is the most commonly used method of population control for many public and private land managers. We conducted an observational study to examine the efficiency of 2 frequently used trap styles: a small, portable box‐style trap and a larger, semi‐permanent, corral‐style trap. We used game cameras to examine patterns of trap entry by wild pigs around each style of trap, and we conducted a trapping session to compare trapping success between trap styles. Adult female and juvenile wild pigs entered both styles of trap more readily than did adult males, and adult males seemed particularly averse to entering box traps. Less than 10% of adult male visits to box traps resulted in entries, easily the least percentage of any class at any style of trap. Adult females entered corral traps approximately 2.2 times more often per visit than box traps and re‐entered corral traps &gt;2 times more frequently. Juveniles entered and re‐entered both box and corral traps at similar rates. Overall (all‐class) entry‐per‐visit rates at corral traps (0.71) were nearly double that of box traps (0.37). Subsequent trapping data supported these preliminary entry data; the capture rate for corral traps was &gt;4 times that of box traps. Our data suggest that corral traps are temporally and economically superior to box traps with respect to efficiency; that is, corral traps effectively trap more pigs per trap night at a lower cost per pig than do box traps</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.64","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Williams, B., Holtfreter, R., Ditchkoff, S., and Grand, J.B., 2011, Trap style influences wild pig behavior and trapping success: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 2, p. 432-436, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.64.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"432","endPage":"436","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217888,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.64"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Fort Bennning","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.91333007812499,\n              32.246490096781194\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.6002197265625,\n              32.24532861404601\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.6441650390625,\n              32.676372772089834\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.0946044921875,\n              32.63937487360669\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.99710083007812,\n              32.50281289041497\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.99298095703125,\n              32.45183828577544\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.96002197265624,\n              32.4263401615464\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.98062133789062,\n              32.4031537914036\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.00946044921875,\n              32.332398580730704\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.91333007812499,\n              32.246490096781194\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb768e4b08c986b327255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B.L.","contributorId":69804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holtfreter, R.W.","contributorId":67315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtfreter","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ditchkoff, S.S.","contributorId":100580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ditchkoff","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036870,"text":"70036870 - 2011 - Validating growth and development of a seabird as an indicator of food availability: Captive-reared Caspian Tern chicks fed ad libitum and restricted diets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-21T13:20:59.636533","indexId":"70036870","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validating growth and development of a seabird as an indicator of food availability: Captive-reared Caspian Tern chicks fed ad libitum and restricted diets","docAbstract":"<p><span>For seabirds raising young under conditions of limited food availability, reducing chick provisioning and chick growth rates are the primary means available to avoid abandonment of a breeding effort. For most seabirds, however, baseline data characterizing chick growth and development under known feeding conditions are unavailable, so it is difficult to evaluate chick nutritional status as it relates to foraging conditions near breeding colonies. To address this need, we examined the growth and development of young Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia), a cosmopolitan, generalist piscivore, reared in captivity and fed ad libitum and restricted (ca. one-third lower caloric intake) diets. Ad libitum-fed chicks grew at similar rates and achieved a similar size at fledging as previously documented for chicks in the wild and had energetic demands that closely matched allometric predictions. We identified three general characteristics of food-restricted Caspian Tern chicks compared to ad libitum chicks: (1) lower age-specific body mass, (2) lower age-specific skeletal and feather size, such as wing chord length, and (3) heightened levels of corticosterone in blood, both for baseline levels and in response to acute stress. Effects of diet restriction on feather growth (10–11% slower growth in diet-restricted chicks) were less pronounced than effects on structural growth (37–52% slower growth) and body mass (24% lower at fledging age) apparently due to preferential allocation of food resources to maintain plumage growth. Our results suggest that measurements of chick body mass and feather development (e.g., wing chord or primary length) or measurement of corticosterone levels in the blood would allow useful evaluation of the nutritional status of chicks reared in the wild and of food availability in the foraging range of adults. Such evaluations could also inform demography studies (e.g., predict future recruitment) and assist in evaluating designated piscivorous waterbird conservation (colony) sites.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2010.00311.x","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Lyons, D., and Roby, D.D., 2011, Validating growth and development of a seabird as an indicator of food availability: Captive-reared Caspian Tern chicks fed ad libitum and restricted diets: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 82, no. 1, p. 88-100, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2010.00311.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"East Sand Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.00714874267577,\n              46.246113093596165\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.94466400146483,\n              46.246113093596165\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.94466400146483,\n              46.28076677380824\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.00714874267577,\n              46.28076677380824\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.00714874267577,\n              46.246113093596165\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0fbe4b08c986b32a3e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, Donald E.","contributorId":20119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Donald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036869,"text":"70036869 - 2011 - Development and application of a pollen-based paleohydrologic reconstruction from the lower Roanoke River Basin, North Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-24T22:06:16","indexId":"70036869","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3562,"text":"The Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and application of a pollen-based paleohydrologic reconstruction from the lower Roanoke River Basin, North Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"We used pollen assemblages to reconstruct late-Holocene paleohydrologic patterns in floodplain deposits from the lower Roanoke River basin (North Carolina, southeastern USA). Using 120 surface samples from 38 transects, we documented statistical relationships between pollen assemblages, vegetation, and landforms. Backswamp pollen assemblages (long hydroperiods) are dominated by Nyssa (tupelo) and Taxodium (cypress) and have high pollen concentrations. Sediments from elevated levees and seasonally flooded forests (shorter hydroperiods) are characterized by dominant Pinus (pine) pollen, variable abundance of hardwood taxa, and low pollen concentrations. We apply the calibration data set to interpret past vegetation and paleohydrology. Pollen from a radiocarbon-dated sediment core collected in a tupelo-cypress backswamp indicates centennial-scale fluctuations in forest composition during the last 2400 years. Backswamp vegetation has occupied the site since land clearance began ~300 years ago. Recent dam emplacement affected sedimentation rates, but vegetation changes are small compared with those caused by pre-Colonial climate variability. The occurrence of wetter conditions from ~2200 to 1800 cal. yr BP, ~1100 to 750 cal. yr BP, and ~400 to 250 cal. yr BP may indicate changes in cyclonic circulation patterns related to shifts in the position of the Bermuda High and jet stream.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Holocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1177/0959683610378876","issn":"09596836","usgsCitation":"Willard, D., Bernhardt, C., Brown, R., Landacre, B., and Townsend, P., 2011, Development and application of a pollen-based paleohydrologic reconstruction from the lower Roanoke River Basin, North Carolina, USA: The Holocene, v. 21, no. 2, p. 305-317, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683610378876.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"317","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217829,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683610378876"},{"id":245801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0019e4b0c8380cd4f5b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willard, D. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":67676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernhardt, C. 0000-0003-0082-4731","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4731","contributorId":104307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, R.","contributorId":101419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landacre, B.","contributorId":11037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landacre","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Townsend, P.","contributorId":83366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036865,"text":"70036865 - 2011 - Documenting channel features associated with gas hydrates in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T18:04:37.819215","indexId":"70036865","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Documenting channel features associated with gas hydrates in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India","docAbstract":"<p><span>During the India National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) Expedition 01 in 2006 significant sand and gas hydrate were recovered at Site NGHP-01-15 within the Krishna–Godavari Basin, East Coast off India. At the drill site NGHP-01-15, a 5–8</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m thick interval was found that is characterized by higher sand content than anywhere else at the site and within the KG Basin. Gas hydrate concentrations were determined to be 20–40% of the pore volume using wire-line electrical resistivity data as well as core-derived pore-fluid freshening trends. The gas hydrate-bearing interval was linked to a prominent seismic reflection observed in the 3D seismic data. This reflection event, mapped for about 1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;south of the drill site, is bound by a fault at its northern limit that may act as migration conduit for free gas to enter the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) and subsequently charge the sand-rich layer. On 3D and additional regional 2D seismic data a prominent channel system was imaged mainly by using the seismic instantaneous amplitude attribute. The channel can be clearly identified by changes in the seismic character of the channel fill (sand-rich) and pronounced levees (less sand content than in the fill, but higher than in surrounding mud-dominated sediments). The entire channel sequence (channel fill and levees) has been subsequently covered and back-filled with a more mud-prone sediment sequence. Where the levees intersect the base of the GHSZ, their reflection strengths are significantly increased to 5- to 6-times the surrounding reflection amplitudes. Using the 3D seismic data these high-amplitude reflection edges where linked to the gas hydrate-bearing layer at Site NGHP-01-15. Further south along the channel the same reflection elements representing the levees do not show similarly large reflection amplitudes. However, the channel system is still characterized by several high-amplitude reflection events (a few hundred meters wide and up to ~</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km in extent) interpreted as gas hydrate-bearing sand intervals along the length of the channel.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2010.10.008","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Riedel, M., Collett, T.S., and Shankar, U., 2011, Documenting channel features associated with gas hydrates in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India: Marine Geology, v. 279, no. 1-4, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2010.10.008.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217773,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2010.10.008"}],"country":"India","otherGeospatial":"Krishna–Godavari Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              80.9912109375,\n              15.114552871944115\n            ],\n            [\n              81.82617187499999,\n              13.66733825965496\n            ],\n            [\n              84.990234375,\n              15.580710739162123\n            ],\n            [\n              83.671875,\n              16.804541076383455\n            ],\n            [\n              80.9912109375,\n              15.114552871944115\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"279","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0387e4b0c8380cd50506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riedel, M.","contributorId":65268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shankar, Ude","contributorId":80033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shankar","given":"Ude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036864,"text":"70036864 - 2011 - Co-occurrence patterns of trees along macro-climatic gradients and their potential influence on the present and future distribution of Fagus sylvatica L.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T18:15:21.920437","indexId":"70036864","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Co-occurrence patterns of trees along macro-climatic gradients and their potential influence on the present and future distribution of Fagus sylvatica L.","docAbstract":"<p><span>During recent and future climate change, shifts in large-scale species ranges are expected due to the hypothesized major role of climatic factors in regulating species distributions. The stress-gradient hypothesis suggests that biotic interactions may act as major constraints on species distributions under more favourable growing conditions, while climatic constraints may dominate under unfavourable conditions. We tested this hypothesis for one focal tree species having three major competitors using broad-scale environmental data. We evaluated the variation of species co-occurrence patterns in climate space and estimated the influence of these patterns on the distribution of the focal species for current and projected future climates. Location: Europe. Methods: We used ICP Forest Level 1 data as well as climatic, topographic and edaphic variables. First, correlations between the relative abundance of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and three major competitor species (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus robur) were analysed in environmental space, and then projected to geographic space. Second, a sensitivity analysis was performed using generalized additive models (GAM) to evaluate where and how much the predicted F. sylvatica distribution varied under current and future climates if potential competitor species were included or excluded. We evaluated if these areas coincide with current species co-occurrence patterns. Results: Correlation analyses supported the stress-gradient hypothesis: towards favourable growing conditions of F. sylvatica, its abundance was strongly linked to the abundance of its competitors, while this link weakened towards unfavourable growing conditions, with stronger correlations in the south and at low elevations than in the north and at high elevations. The sensitivity analysis showed a potential spatial segregation of species with changing climate and a pronounced shift of zones where co-occurrence patterns may play a major role. Main conclusions: Our Results: demonstrate the importance of species co-occurrence patterns for calibrating improved species distribution models for use in projections of climate effects. The correlation approach is able to localize European areas where inclusion of biotic predictors is effective. The climateinduced spatial segregation of the major tree species could have ecological and economic consequences.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02405.x","issn":"03050270","usgsCitation":"Meier, E., Edwards, T.C., Kienast, F., Dobbertin, M., and Zimmermann, N., 2011, Co-occurrence patterns of trees along macro-climatic gradients and their potential influence on the present and future distribution of Fagus sylvatica L.: Journal of Biogeography, v. 38, no. 2, p. 371-382, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02405.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"382","ipdsId":"IP-024915","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488972,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3436519","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217747,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02405.x"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europe","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -10.1953125,\n              36.31512514748051\n            ],\n            [\n              0.703125,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              5.712890625,\n              38.06539235133249\n            ],\n            [\n              9.404296875,\n              38.34165619279595\n            ],\n            [\n              14.677734375000002,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              29.091796875,\n              34.66935854524543\n            ],\n            [\n              29.443359375,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ],\n            [\n              26.279296875,\n              40.245991504199026\n            ],\n            [\n              32.16796875,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              40.25390625,\n              47.57652571374621\n            ],\n            [\n              40.25390625,\n              49.724479188712984\n            ],\n            [\n              33.57421875,\n              52.482780222078226\n            ],\n            [\n              29.970703124999996,\n              51.998410382390325\n            ],\n            [\n              32.431640625,\n              53.64463782485651\n            ],\n            [\n              30.673828125,\n              55.727110085045986\n            ],\n            [\n              28.652343749999996,\n              56.70450561416937\n            ],\n            [\n              30.937499999999996,\n              60.58696734225869\n            ],\n            [\n              30.937499999999996,\n              64.62387720204688\n            ],\n            [\n              29.53125,\n              69.41124235697256\n            ],\n            [\n              31.289062500000004,\n              71.85622888185527\n            ],\n            [\n              21.09375,\n              71.63599288330609\n            ],\n            [\n              8.0859375,\n              67.06743335108298\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.65625,\n              60.75915950226991\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.7109375,\n              54.36775852406841\n            ],\n            [\n              -10.1953125,\n              36.31512514748051\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f67ae4b0c8380cd4c7b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meier, E.S.","contributorId":102713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Thomas C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909 tce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":2061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"tce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kienast, Felix","contributorId":9508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kienast","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dobbertin, M.","contributorId":98601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobbertin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zimmermann, N.E.","contributorId":24547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmermann","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036841,"text":"70036841 - 2011 - Spatial variability of biotic and abiotic tree establishment constraints across a treeline ecotone in the Alaska Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T18:49:49.518611","indexId":"70036841","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variability of biotic and abiotic tree establishment constraints across a treeline ecotone in the Alaska Range","docAbstract":"<p>Throughout interior Alaska (USA), a gradual warming trend in mean monthly temperatures occurred over the last few decades (∼∼2-–4°°C). The accompanying increases in woody vegetation at many alpine treeline (hereafter treeline) locations provided an opportunity to examine how biotic and abiotic local site conditions interact to control tree establishment patterns during warming. We devised a landscape ecological approach to investigate these relationships at an undisturbed treeline in the Alaska Range. We identified treeline changes between 1953 (aerial photography) and 2005 (satellite imagery) in a geographic information system (GIS) and linked them with corresponding local site conditions derived from digital terrain data, ancillary climate data, and distance to 1953 trees. Logistic regressions enabled us to rank the importance of local site conditions in controlling tree establishment. We discovered a spatial transition in the importance of tree establishment controls. The biotic variable (proximity to 1953 trees) was the most important tree establishment predictor below the upper tree limit, providing evidence of response lags with the abiotic setting and suggesting that tree establishment is rarely in equilibrium with the physical environment or responding directly to warming. Elevation and winter sun exposure were important predictors of tree establishment at the upper tree limit, but proximity to trees persisted as an important tertiary predictor, indicating that tree establishment may achieve equilibrium with the physical environment. However, even here, influences from the biotic variable may obscure unequivocal correlations with the abiotic setting (including temperature). Future treeline expansion will likely be patchy and challenging to predict without considering the spatial variability of influences from biotic and abiotic local site conditions.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","language":"English","doi":"10.1890/09-1725.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Stueve, K., Isaacs, R., Tyrrell, L., and Densmore, R., 2011, Spatial variability of biotic and abiotic tree establishment constraints across a treeline ecotone in the Alaska Range: Ecology, v. 92, no. 2, p. 496-506, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1725.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"506","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217859,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-1725.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.78759765625,\n              62.75472592723178\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.765869140625,\n              63.27812271092345\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.68347167968747,\n              63.70715578169752\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.9306640625,\n              64.19681461100495\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.00732421875,\n              64.65211223878967\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.34716796875,\n              63.95667333648766\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.45703125,\n              63.05495931065107\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.5009765625,\n              62.34960927573042\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.0947265625,\n              62.2679226294176\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.1279296875,\n              62.57310578449978\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.78759765625,\n              62.75472592723178\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94b2e4b08c986b31abf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stueve, K.M.","contributorId":11860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stueve","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isaacs, R.E.","contributorId":40833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaacs","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyrrell, L.E.","contributorId":41265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyrrell","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Densmore, R.V.","contributorId":72953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036840,"text":"70036840 - 2011 - Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC technical report)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T15:20:42","indexId":"70036840","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3207,"text":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC technical report)","docAbstract":"The biennial review of atomic-weight determinations and other cognate data has resulted in changes for the standard atomic weights of 11 elements. Many atomic weights are not constants of nature, but depend upon the physical, chemical, and nuclear history of the material. The standard atomic weights of 10 elements having two or more stable isotopes have been changed to reflect this variability of atomic-weight values in natural terrestrial materials. To emphasize the fact that these standard atomic weights are not constants of nature, each atomic-weight value is expressed as an interval. The interval is used together with the symbol [a; b] to denote the set of atomic-weight values, A<sub>r</sub>(E), of element E in normal materials for which a ≤ A<sub>r</sub>(E) ≤ b. The symbols a and b denote the bounds of the interval [a; b]. The revised atomic weight of hydrogen, A<sub>r</sub>(H), is [1.007 84; 1.008 11] from 1.007 94(7); lithium, A<sub>r</sub>(Li), is [6.938; 6.997] from 6.941(2); boron, A<sub>r</sub>(B), is [10.806; 10.821] from 10.811(7); carbon, A<sub>r</sub>(C), is [12.0096; 12.0116] from 12.0107(8); nitrogen, A<sub>r</sub>(N), is [14.006 43; 14.007 28] from 14.0067(2); oxygen, A<sub>r</sub>(O), is [15.999 03; 15.999 77] from 15.9994(3); silicon, A<sub>r</sub>(Si), is [28.084; 28.086] from 28.0855(3); sulfur, A<sub>r</sub>(S), is [32.059; 32.076] from 32.065(2); chlorine, A<sub>r</sub>(Cl), is [35.446; 35.457] from 35.453(2); and thallium, A<sub>r</sub>(Tl), is [204.382; 204.385] from 204.3833(2). This fundamental change in the presentation of the atomic weights represents an important advance in our knowledge of the natural world and underscores the significance and contributions of chemistry to the well-being of humankind in the International Year of Chemistry 2011. The standard atomic weight of germanium, A<sub>r</sub>(Ge), was also changed to 72.63(1) from 72.64(1).","language":"English","publisher":"International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry","doi":"10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14","issn":"00334545","usgsCitation":"Wieser, M., and Coplen, T.B., 2011, Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC technical report): Pure and Applied Chemistry, v. 83, no. 2, p. 359-396, https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"396","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-10-09-14","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec8e4b0c8380cd49f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieser, M.E.","contributorId":42856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieser","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036814,"text":"70036814 - 2011 - Seasonal fecundity and source-sink status of shrub-nesting birds in a southwestern riparian corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T19:26:08.610667","indexId":"70036814","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal fecundity and source-sink status of shrub-nesting birds in a southwestern riparian corridor","docAbstract":"<p><span>Saltcedar (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Tamarix</span><span>&nbsp;spp.) has increasingly dominated riparian floodplains relative to native forests in the southwestern U.S., but little is known about its impacts on avian productivity or population status. We monitored 86 Arizona Bell's Vireo (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Vireo bellii arizonae</span><span>), 147 Abert's Towhee (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Melozone aberti</span><span>), and 154 Yellow-breasted Chat (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Icteria virens</span><span>) nests to assess reproductive parameters in cottonwood-willow (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Populus-Salix</span><span>), saltcedar, and mesquite (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Prosopis</span><span>&nbsp;spp.) stands along the San Pedro River, Arizona during 1999–2001. We also assessed source-sink status for each species in each vegetation type using field data combined with data from the literature. There were no significant differences in reproductive parameters between vegetation types for Abert's Towhee or Yellow-breasted Chat, although seasonal fecundity was quite low across vegetation types for the latter (0.75 ± 0.14; mean ± SE). Bell's Vireo had extremely low seasonal fecundity in saltcedar (0.10 ± 0.09) and significantly fewer fledglings per nest in saltcedar (0.09 ± 0.09) compared with cottonwood (1.07 ± 0.32). Point estimates of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">λ</span><span>&nbsp;were substantially &lt;1 for all three focal species in all habitats indicating the entire study area may be performing as a sink; 90% CI of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula\"><a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/wils/123/1/10-061.1/graphic/i1559-4491-123-1-48-e01.gif\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/wils/123/1/10-061.1/graphic/i1559-4491-123-1-48-e01.gif\"><img src=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/wils/123/1/10-061.1/graphic/WebImages/i1559-4491-123-1-48-e01.gif\" alt=\"i1559-4491-123-1-48-e01.gif\" data-mce-src=\"https://bioone.org/ContentImages/Journals/wils/123/1/10-061.1/graphic/WebImages/i1559-4491-123-1-48-e01.gif\"></a></span><span>&nbsp;included 1 only for Abert's Towhee across vegetation types and Bell's Vireo in cottonwood vegetation. These results are surprising given the San Pedro is considered to be one of the best remaining occurrences of lowland native riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1676/10-061.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"Brand, L.A., and Noon, B., 2011, Seasonal fecundity and source-sink status of shrub-nesting birds in a southwestern riparian corridor: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 123, no. 1, p. 48-58, https://doi.org/10.1676/10-061.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"58","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217884,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/10-061.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.2093505859375,\n              31.339562861785012\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0390625,\n              31.344254455668054\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.08850097656249,\n              31.732839253650067\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.19287109375,\n              31.956823015897207\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.27526855468749,\n              32.08722870829662\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.3466796875,\n              32.01273389791075\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.30136108398438,\n              31.85889704445453\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.2423095703125,\n              31.66740831708089\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.19287109375,\n              31.555133721172034\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.20523071289061,\n              31.436865467417928\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.2093505859375,\n              31.339562861785012\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"123","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88a0e4b08c986b316a88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brand, L. Arriana arriana_brand@usgs.gov","contributorId":4406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"L.","email":"arriana_brand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Arriana","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":457975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noon, B.R.","contributorId":24311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noon","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036811,"text":"70036811 - 2011 - Compensatory effects of recruitment and survival when amphibian populations are perturbed by disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T19:43:14.838268","indexId":"70036811","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compensatory effects of recruitment and survival when amphibian populations are perturbed by disease","docAbstract":"<p><span>The need to increase our understanding of factors that regulate animal population dynamics has been catalysed by recent, observed declines in wildlife populations worldwide. Reliable estimates of demographic parameters are critical for addressing basic and applied ecological questions and understanding the response of parameters to perturbations (e.g. disease, habitat loss, climate change). However, to fully assess the impact of perturbation on population dynamics, all parameters contributing to the response of the target population must be estimated.</span></p><p><span>We applied the reverse‐time model of Pradel in Program&nbsp;<span class=\"smallCaps\">mark</span>&nbsp;to 6 years of capture–recapture data from two populations of&nbsp;<i>Anaxyrus boreas</i>&nbsp;(boreal toad) populations, one with disease and one without. We then assessed a priori hypotheses about differences in survival and recruitment relative to local environmental conditions and the presence of disease.</span></p><p><span>We further explored the relative contribution of survival probability and recruitment rate to population growth and investigated how shifts in these parameters can alter population dynamics when a population is perturbed.</span></p><p><span>&nbsp;High recruitment rates (0·41) are probably compensating for low survival probability (range 0·51–0·54) in the population challenged by an emerging pathogen, resulting in a relatively slow rate of decline. In contrast, the population with no evidence of disease had high survival probability (range 0·75–0·78) but lower recruitment rates (0·25).</span></p><p><span><i>Synthesis and applications.</i>&nbsp;We suggest that the relationship between survival and recruitment may be compensatory, providing evidence that populations challenged with disease are not necessarily doomed to extinction. A better understanding of these interactions may help to explain, and be used to predict, population regulation and persistence for wildlife threatened with disease. Further, reliable estimates of population parameters such as recruitment and survival can guide the formulation and implementation of conservation actions such as repatriations or habitat management aimed to improve recruitment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02005.x","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., Scherer, R.D., and Pilliod, D., 2011, Compensatory effects of recruitment and survival when amphibian populations are perturbed by disease: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 48, no. 4, p. 873-879, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02005.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"873","endPage":"879","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487198,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02005.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217826,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02005.x"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8c8e4b0c8380cd4d2c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scherer, R. D.","contributorId":8061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pilliod, D. S.","contributorId":45259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pilliod","given":"D. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036809,"text":"70036809 - 2011 - Seismic hazard and risk assessments for Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan, China, area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-21T13:24:44.333312","indexId":"70036809","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic hazard and risk assessments for Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan, China, area","docAbstract":"<p><span>Seismic hazard and risk in the Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan, China, area were estimated from 500-year intensity observations. First, we digitized the intensity observations (maps) using ArcGIS with a cell size of 0.1&nbsp;×&nbsp;0.1°. Second, we performed a statistical analysis on the digitized intensity data, determined an average&nbsp;</span><i>b</i><span>&nbsp;value (0.39), and derived the intensity–frequency relationship (hazard curve) for each cell. Finally, based on a Poisson model for earthquake occurrence, we calculated seismic risk in terms of a probability of&nbsp;</span><i>I</i><span>&nbsp;≥&nbsp;7, 8, or 9 in 50&nbsp;years. We also calculated the corresponding 10 percent probability of exceedance of these intensities in 50&nbsp;years. The advantages of assessing seismic hazard and risk from intensity records are that (1) fewer assumptions (i.e., earthquake source and ground motion attenuation) are made, and (2) site-effect is included. Our study shows that the area has high seismic hazard and risk. Our study also suggests that current design peak ground acceleration or intensity for the area may not be adequate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-010-0115-z","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Xie, F., Wang, Z., and Liu, J., 2011, Seismic hazard and risk assessments for Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan, China, area: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 168, no. 3-4, p. 731-738, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0115-z.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"738","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"North China Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              113.6865234375,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ],\n            [\n              119.06982421874999,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ],\n            [\n              119.06982421874999,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ],\n            [\n              113.6865234375,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ],\n            [\n              113.6865234375,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"168","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ae0e4b08c986b317430","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xie, F.","contributorId":34755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xie","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036786,"text":"70036786 - 2011 - More than a century of bathymetric observations and present-day shallow sediment characterization in Belfast Bay, Maine, USA: Implications for pockmark field longevity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-22T13:12:14.067499","indexId":"70036786","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"More than a century of bathymetric observations and present-day shallow sediment characterization in Belfast Bay, Maine, USA: Implications for pockmark field longevity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mechanisms and timescales responsible for pockmark formation and maintenance remain uncertain, especially in areas lacking extensive thermogenic fluid deposits (e.g., previously glaciated estuaries). This study characterizes seafloor activity in the Belfast Bay, Maine nearshore pockmark field using (1) three swath bathymetry datasets collected between 1999 and 2008, complemented by analyses of shallow box-core samples for radionuclide activity and undrained shear strength, and (2) historical bathymetric data (report and smooth sheets from 1872, 1947, 1948). In addition, because repeat swath bathymetry surveys are an emerging data source, we present a selected literature review of recent studies using such datasets for seafloor change analysis. This study is the first to apply the method to a pockmark field, and characterizes macro-scale (&gt;5&nbsp;m) evolution of tens of square kilometers of highly irregular seafloor. Presence/absence analysis yielded no change in pockmark frequency or distribution over a 9-year period (1999–2008). In that time pockmarks did not detectably enlarge, truncate, elongate, or combine. Historical data indicate that pockmark chains already existed in the 19th century. Despite the lack of macroscopic changes in the field, near-bed undrained shear-strength values of less than 7&nbsp;kPa and scattered downcore&nbsp;</span><sup>137</sup><span>Cs signatures indicate a highly disturbed setting. Integrating these findings with independent geophysical and geochemical observations made in the pockmark field, it can be concluded that (1) large-scale sediment resuspension and dispersion related to pockmark formation and failure do not occur frequently within this field, and (2) pockmarks can persevere in a dynamic estuarine setting that exhibits minimal modern fluid venting. Although pockmarks are conventionally thought to be long-lived features maintained by a combination of fluid venting and minimal sediment accumulation, this suggests that other mechanisms may be equally active in maintaining such irregular seafloor morphology. One such mechanism could be upwelling within pockmarks induced by near-bed currents.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00367-011-0228-0","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Brothers, L.L., Kelley, J.T., Belknap, D.F., Barnhardt, W., Andrews, B., and Maynard, M., 2011, More than a century of bathymetric observations and present-day shallow sediment characterization in Belfast Bay, Maine, USA: Implications for pockmark field longevity: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 31, no. 4, p. 237-248, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-011-0228-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4749","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Belfast Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -69.27978515625,\n              43.8186748554532\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.2470703125,\n              43.8186748554532\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.2470703125,\n              44.762336674810996\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.27978515625,\n              44.762336674810996\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.27978515625,\n              43.8186748554532\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e2ce4b0c8380cd70841","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, Laura L. 0000-0003-2986-5166 lbrothers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-5166","contributorId":176698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Laura","email":"lbrothers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, J. T.","contributorId":34197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belknap, D. F.","contributorId":96739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belknap","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhardt, Walter wbarnhardt@usgs.gov","contributorId":190621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"Walter","email":"wbarnhardt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":457846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andrews, Brian bandrews@usgs.gov","contributorId":190622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian","email":"bandrews@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maynard, M.L.","contributorId":10254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maynard","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036785,"text":"70036785 - 2011 - Demonstration of a conceptual model for using LiDAR to improve the estimation of floodwater mitigation potential of Prairie Pothole Region wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:49:44","indexId":"70036785","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demonstration of a conceptual model for using LiDAR to improve the estimation of floodwater mitigation potential of Prairie Pothole Region wetlands","docAbstract":"Recent flood events in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America have stimulated interest in modeling water storage capacities of wetlands and their surrounding catchments to facilitate flood mitigation efforts. Accurate estimates of basin storage capacities have been hampered by a lack of high-resolution elevation data. In this paper, we developed a 0.5 m bare-earth model from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data and, in combination with National Wetlands Inventory data, delineated wetland catchments and their spilling points within a 196 km2 study area. We then calculated the maximum water storage capacity of individual basins and modeled the connectivity among these basins. When compared to field survey results, catchment and spilling point delineations from the LiDAR bare-earth model captured subtle landscape features very well. Of the 11 modeled spilling points, 10 matched field survey spilling points. The comparison between observed and modeled maximum water storage had an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.87 with mean absolute error of 5564 m<sup>3</sup>. Since maximum water storage capacity of basins does not translate into floodwater regulation capability, we further developed a Basin Floodwater Regulation Index. Based upon this index, the absolute and relative water that could be held by wetlands over a landscape could be modeled. This conceptual model of floodwater downstream contribution was demonstrated with water level data from 17 May 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.040","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Huang, S., Young, C., Feng, M., Heidemann, H.K., Cushing, M., Mushet, D., and Liu, S., 2011, Demonstration of a conceptual model for using LiDAR to improve the estimation of floodwater mitigation potential of Prairie Pothole Region wetlands: Journal of Hydrology, v. 405, no. 3-4, p. 417-426, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.040.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"426","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217883,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.040"}],"country":"United States;Canada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,40.38 ], [ -120.0,60.0 ], [ -90.14,60.0 ], [ -90.14,40.38 ], [ -120.0,40.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"405","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe90e4b0c8380cd4edca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, S.","contributorId":18168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, Caitlin","contributorId":30181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Caitlin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feng, M.","contributorId":18195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heidemann, Hans Karl 0000-0003-4306-359X kheidemann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4306-359X","contributorId":3755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heidemann","given":"Hans","email":"kheidemann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cushing, Matthew 0000-0001-5209-6006","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5209-6006","contributorId":66101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushing","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mushet, D.M. 0000-0002-5910-2744","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":59377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036764,"text":"70036764 - 2011 - Goldschmidt crater and the Moon's north polar region: Results from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T09:52:16","indexId":"70036764","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Goldschmidt crater and the Moon's north polar region: Results from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M<sup>3</sup>)","title":"Goldschmidt crater and the Moon's north polar region: Results from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Soils within the impact crater Goldschmidt have been identified as spectrally distinct from the local highland material. High spatial and spectral resolution data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M</span><sup>3</sup><span>) on the Chandrayaan-1 orbiter are used to examine the character of Goldschmidt crater in detail. Spectral parameters applied to a north polar mosaic of M</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>data are used to discern large-scale compositional trends at the northern high latitudes, and spectra from three widely separated regions are compared to spectra from Goldschmidt. The results highlight the compositional diversity of the lunar nearside, in particular, where feldspathic soils with a low-Ca pyroxene component are pervasive, but exclusively feldspathic regions and small areas of basaltic composition are also observed. Additionally, we find that the relative strengths of the diagnostic OH/H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O absorption feature near 3000 nm are correlated with the mineralogy of the host material. On both global and local scales, the strongest hydrous absorptions occur on the more feldspathic surfaces. Thus, M</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>data suggest that while the feldspathic soils within Goldschmidt crater are enhanced in OH/H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O compared to the relatively mafic nearside polar highlands, their hydration signatures are similar to those observed in the feldspathic highlands on the farside.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003702","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Cheek, L., Pieters, C., Boardman, J., Clark, R.N., Combe, J.#., Head, J., Isaacson, P., McCord, T.B., Moriarty, D., Nettles, J., Petro, N., Sunshine, J., and Taylor, L., 2011, Goldschmidt crater and the Moon's north polar region: Results from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3): Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003702.","ipdsId":"IP-024464","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475407,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010je003702","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217510,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003702"},{"id":245461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29a7e4b0c8380cd5ab0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheek, L.C.","contributorId":45934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheek","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pieters, C.M.","contributorId":48733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieters","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16929,"text":"Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boardman, J.W.","contributorId":106301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boardman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Combe, J. #NAME?","contributorId":37982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Combe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Head, J.W.","contributorId":67982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Isaacson, P.J.","contributorId":63236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaacson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moriarty, D.","contributorId":82953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moriarty","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nettles, J.W.","contributorId":26165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nettles","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Petro, N.E.","contributorId":18999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petro","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sunshine, J.M.","contributorId":74591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sunshine","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Taylor, L.A.","contributorId":14160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70036763,"text":"70036763 - 2011 - The geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic Green Mountain arc: A composite(?), bimodal, oceanic, fringing arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-21T20:05:46.227203","indexId":"70036763","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic Green Mountain arc: A composite(?), bimodal, oceanic, fringing arc","docAbstract":"<p id=\"spar0005\">The inferred subduction affinity of the ∼1780-Ma Green Mountain arc, a dominantly bimodal igneous terrane (together with immature marine and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks) accreted to the southern margin of the Wyoming province, is integral to arc-accretion models of the Paleoproterozoic growth of southern Laurentia. Conversely, the dominantly bimodal nature of many putative arc-related igneous suites throughout southern Laurentia, including the Green Mountain arc, has also been used to support models of growth by extension of pre-existing crust. We report new geochemical and isotopic data from ∼1780-Ma gabbroic and granodioritic to tonalitic rocks of the Big Creek Gneiss, interpreted as consanguineous with previously studied metavolcanic rocks of the Green Mountain Formation.</p><p id=\"spar0010\">The ∼1780-Ma Big Creek Gneiss mafic rocks show clear geochemical signatures of a subduction origin and provide no supporting evidence for extensional tectonism. The ∼1780-Ma Big Creek Gneiss felsic rocks are attributed to partial melting of mafic and/or mixed lower-crustal material. The bimodal nature of the suite results from the combination of arc basalts and felsic crustal melts. The lack of andesite is consistent with the observed tholeiitic differentiation trend of the mafic magmas. The lower<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ɛ</i><sub>Nd</sub>(1780&nbsp;Ma) values for the felsic rocks vs. the mafic rocks suggest that the unexposed lower crust of the arc may be older than the arc and that Trans-Hudson- or Penokean-aged rocks possibly form the substratum of the arc. Our results reinforce previous interpretations that arc-related magmatism played a key role in the Paleoproterozoic crustal growth of southern Laurentia, but also support the possibility of unexposed older crust as basement to the arcs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2011.01.011","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Jones, D., Barnes, C., Premo, W.R., and Snoke, A., 2011, The geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic Green Mountain arc: A composite(?), bimodal, oceanic, fringing arc: Precambrian Research, v. 185, no. 3-4, p. 231-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.01.011.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"249","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217509,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.01.011"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming, Colorado","otherGeospatial":"The Green Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.99560546875,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.6552734375,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.6552734375,\n              41.36031866306708\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.99560546875,\n              41.36031866306708\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.99560546875,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"185","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac4ce4b08c986b3233d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, D.S.","contributorId":48005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, C. G.","contributorId":78819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":457704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snoke, A.W.","contributorId":14899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snoke","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036757,"text":"70036757 - 2011 - Challenges in identifying sites climatically matched to the native ranges of animal invaders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036757","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Challenges in identifying sites climatically matched to the native ranges of animal invaders","docAbstract":"Background: Species distribution models are often used to characterize a species' native range climate, so as to identify sites elsewhere in the world that may be climatically similar and therefore at risk of invasion by the species. This endeavor provoked intense public controversy over recent attempts to model areas at risk of invasion by the Indian Python (Python molurus). We evaluated a number of MaxEnt models on this species to assess MaxEnt's utility for vertebrate climate matching. Methodology/Principal Findings: Overall, we found MaxEnt models to be very sensitive to modeling choices and selection of input localities and background regions. As used, MaxEnt invoked minimal protections against data dredging, multi-collinearity of explanatory axes, and overfitting. As used, MaxEnt endeavored to identify a single ideal climate, whereas different climatic considerations may determine range boundaries in different parts of the native range. MaxEnt was extremely sensitive to both the choice of background locations for the python, and to selection of presence points: inclusion of just four erroneous localities was responsible for Pyron et al.'s conclusion that no additional portions of the U.S. mainland were at risk of python invasion. When used with default settings, MaxEnt overfit the realized climate space, identifying models with about 60 parameters, about five times the number of parameters justifiable when optimized on the basis of Akaike's Information Criterion. Conclusions/Significance: When used with default settings, MaxEnt may not be an appropriate vehicle for identifying all sites at risk of colonization. Model instability and dearth of protections against overfitting, multi-collinearity, and data dredging may combine with a failure to distinguish fundamental from realized climate envelopes to produce models of limited utility. A priori identification of biologically realistic model structure, combined with computational protections against these statistical problems, may produce more robust models of invasion risk.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0014670","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G., Jarnevich, C., and Reed, R., 2011, Challenges in identifying sites climatically matched to the native ranges of animal invaders: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014670.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475235,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014670","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217881,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014670"},{"id":245854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3fbe4b0c8380cd4ba78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, C. S.","contributorId":54932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, R.N. 0000-0001-8349-6168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-6168","contributorId":49092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"R.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036735,"text":"70036735 - 2011 - Positive feedback and momentum growth during debris-flow entrainment of wet bed sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-03T15:02:51.431151","indexId":"70036735","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Positive feedback and momentum growth during debris-flow entrainment of wet bed sediment","docAbstract":"<p><span>Debris flows typically occur when intense rainfall or snowmelt triggers landslides or extensive erosion on steep, debris-mantled slopes. The flows can then grow dramatically in size and speed as they entrain material from their beds and banks, but the mechanism of this growth is unclear. Indeed, momentum conservation implies that entrainment of static material should retard the motion of the flows if friction remains unchanged. Here we use data from large-scale experiments to assess the entrainment of bed material by debris flows. We find that entrainment is accompanied by increased flow momentum and speed only if large positive pore pressures develop in wet bed sediments as the sediments are overridden by debris flows. The increased pore pressure facilitates progressive scour of the bed, reduces basal friction and instigates positive feedback that causes flow speed, mass and momentum to increase. If dryer bed sediment is entrained, however, the feedback becomes negative and flow momentum declines. We infer that analogous feedbacks could operate in other types of gravity-driven mass flow that interact with erodible beds.</span>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/ngeo1040","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., Reid, M.E., Logan, M., Lahusen, R.G., Godt, J.W., and Griswold, J.P., 2011, Positive feedback and momentum growth during debris-flow entrainment of wet bed sediment: Nature Geoscience, v. 4, no. 2, p. 116-121, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1040.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"121","ipdsId":"IP-022785","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245549,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e06e4b0c8380cd7a2c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Logan, Matthew 0000-0002-3558-2405 mlogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-2405","contributorId":638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Matthew","email":"mlogan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lahusen, Richard G. rlahusen@usgs.gov","contributorId":535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahusen","given":"Richard","email":"rlahusen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Griswold, Julia P. griswold@usgs.gov","contributorId":4148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griswold","given":"Julia","email":"griswold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":457575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036734,"text":"70036734 - 2011 - Integrating occupancy modeling and interview data for corridor identification: A case study for jaguars in Nicaragua","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-22T17:44:09.513973","indexId":"70036734","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating occupancy modeling and interview data for corridor identification: A case study for jaguars in Nicaragua","docAbstract":"<p><span>Corridors are critical elements in the long-term conservation of wide-ranging species like the jaguar (</span><i>Panthera onca</i><span>). Jaguar corridors across the range of the species were initially identified using a GIS-based least-cost corridor model. However, due to inherent errors in remotely sensed data and model uncertainties, these corridors warrant field verification before conservation efforts can begin. We developed a novel corridor assessment protocol based on interview data and site occupancy modeling. We divided our pilot study area, in southeastern Nicaragua, into 71, 6</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>×</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>6</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km sampling units and conducted 160 structured interviews with local residents. Interviews were designed to collect data on jaguar and seven prey species so that detection/non-detection matrices could be constructed for each sampling unit. Jaguars were reportedly detected in 57% of the sampling units and had a detection probability of 28%. With the exception of white-lipped peccary, prey species were reportedly detected in 82–100% of the sampling units. Though the use of interview data may violate some assumptions of the occupancy modeling approach for determining ‘proportion of area occupied’, we countered these shortcomings through study design and interpreting the occupancy parameter, psi, as ‘probability of habitat used’. Probability of habitat use was modeled for each target species using single state or multistate models. A combination of the estimated probabilities of habitat use for jaguar and prey was selected to identify the final jaguar corridor. This protocol provides an efficient field methodology for identifying corridors for easily-identifiable species, across large study areas comprised of unprotected, private lands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2010.12.003","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Zeller, K., Nijhawan, S., Salom-Perez, R., Potosme, S., and Hines, J.E., 2011, Integrating occupancy modeling and interview data for corridor identification: A case study for jaguars in Nicaragua: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 2, p. 892-901, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.12.003.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"892","endPage":"901","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217566,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.12.003"}],"country":"Nicaragua","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.75976562499999,\n              11.953349393643416\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.43017578125,\n              11.964097286892557\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.408203125,\n              12.618897304044024\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3255615234375,\n              12.592093524674375\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2816162109375,\n              11.878102209376577\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.75976562499999,\n              11.953349393643416\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c7ee4b0c8380cd62da0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeller, K.A.","contributorId":76580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeller","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nijhawan, S.","contributorId":107534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nijhawan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salom-Perez, R.","contributorId":32380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salom-Perez","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Potosme, S.H.","contributorId":68567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potosme","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036729,"text":"70036729 - 2011 - A simple graphical approach to quantitative monitoring of rangelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-26T18:47:55","indexId":"70036729","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3230,"text":"Rangelands","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple graphical approach to quantitative monitoring of rangelands","docAbstract":"The article reviews graphical interpretation of the four monitoring methods that can be used to generate a variety of indicators of rangeland ecosystem function. Data for all four of the monitoring methods can be recorded on a single data sheet that is designed to be usable by somebody with minimal literacy. Indicators of plant and ground cover are central to most long-term monitoring systems. Plant and ground-cover data inform managers about forage availability, plant community composition and structure, and risk of runoff and erosion. The spatial arrangement of plants at a site in addition to the percent of the ground that is covered by plants is an important determinant of erosion potential. Vertical vegetation structure can be monitored by capturing data on maximum plant height at each stick location. Plant density method can provide an early indicator of future changes in plant cover, forage, quality, and habitat structure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangelands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.2111/1551-501X-33.4.6","issn":"01900528","usgsCitation":"Riginos, C., Herrick, J.E., Sundaresan, S., Farley, C., and Belnap, J., 2011, A simple graphical approach to quantitative monitoring of rangelands: Rangelands, v. 33, no. 4, p. 6-13, https://doi.org/10.2111/1551-501X-33.4.6.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475300,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/639818","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-501X-33.4.6"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e58ee4b0c8380cd46e0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riginos, C.","contributorId":54437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riginos","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrick, J. E.","contributorId":84709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sundaresan, S.R.","contributorId":95307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundaresan","given":"S.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farley, C.","contributorId":72622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farley","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036702,"text":"70036702 - 2011 - Efficacy of monitoring and empirical predictive modeling at improving public health protection at Chicago beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-30T20:38:21","indexId":"70036702","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of monitoring and empirical predictive modeling at improving public health protection at Chicago beaches","docAbstract":"Efforts to improve public health protection in recreational swimming waters have focused on obtaining real-time estimates of water quality. Current monitoring techniques rely on the time-intensive culturing of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) from water samples, but rapidly changing FIB concentrations result in management errors that lead to the public being exposed to high FIB concentrations (type II error) or beaches being closed despite acceptable water quality (type I error). Empirical predictive models may provide a rapid solution, but their effectiveness at improving health protection has not been adequately assessed. We sought to determine if emerging monitoring approaches could effectively reduce risk of illness exposure by minimizing management errors. We examined four monitoring approaches (inactive, current protocol, a single predictive model for all beaches, and individual models for each beach) with increasing refinement at 14 Chicago beaches using historical monitoring and hydrometeorological data and compared management outcomes using different standards for decision-making. Predictability (R<sup>2</sup>) of FIB concentration improved with model refinement at all beaches but one. Predictive models did not always reduce the number of management errors and therefore the overall illness burden. Use of a Chicago-specific single-sample standard-rather than the default 235 <i>E. coli</i> CFU/100 ml widely used-together with predictive modeling resulted in the greatest number of open beach days without any increase in public health risk. These results emphasize that emerging monitoring approaches such as empirical models are not equally applicable at all beaches, and combining monitoring approaches may expand beach access.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.010","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Nevers, M.B., and Whitman, R.L., 2011, Efficacy of monitoring and empirical predictive modeling at improving public health protection at Chicago beaches: Water Research, v. 45, no. 4, p. 1659-1668, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.010.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1659","endPage":"1668","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217564,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.010"},{"id":245517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0861e4b0c8380cd51ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nevers, Meredith B.","contributorId":91803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036700,"text":"70036700 - 2011 - Regional spectral analysis of three moderate earthquakes in Northeastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T10:20:08","indexId":"70036700","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional spectral analysis of three moderate earthquakes in Northeastern North America","docAbstract":"We analyze Fourier spectra obtained from the horizontal components of broadband and accelerogram data from the 1997 Cap-Rouge, the 2002 Ausable Forks, and the 2005 Rivière-du-Loup earthquakes, recorded by Canadian and American stations sited on rock at hypocentral distances from 23 to 602 km. We check the recorded spectra closely for anomalies that might result from site resonance or source effects. We use Beresnev and Atkinson’s (1997) near-surface velocity structures and Boore and Joyner’s (1997) quarter-wave method to estimate site response at hard- and soft-rock sites. We revise the Street <i>et al.</i> (1975) model for geometrical spreading, adopting a crossover distance of r<sub>o</sub>=50 km instead of 100 km. We obtain an average attenuation of <i>Q</i>=410±25f<sup>0.50±0.03</sup> for <i>S+L<sub>g</sub></i>+surface waves with ray paths in the Appalachian and southeastern Grenville Provinces. We correct the recorded spectra for attenuation and site response to estimate source spectral shape and radiated energy for these three earthquakes and the 1988 <b>M</b> 5.8 Saguenay earthquake. The Brune stress drops range from 130 to 419 bars, and the apparent stresses range from 39 to 63 bars. The corrected source spectral shapes of these earthquakes are somewhat variable for frequencies from 0.2 to 2 Hz, falling slightly below the fitted Brune spectra.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120100225","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Boatwright, J., and Seekins, L.C., 2011, Regional spectral analysis of three moderate earthquakes in Northeastern North America: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 4, p. 1769-1782, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100225.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1769","endPage":"1782","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217532,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120100225"},{"id":245485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada","volume":"101","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20c9de4b08b071e771bbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boatwright, John 0000-0002-6931-5241 boat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-5241","contributorId":1938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"John","email":"boat@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seekins, Linda C.","contributorId":14811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seekins","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036671,"text":"70036671 - 2011 - Bed composition generation for morphodynamic modeling: Case study of San Pablo Bay in California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T20:04:29.600591","indexId":"70036671","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Bed composition generation for morphodynamic modeling: Case study of San Pablo Bay in California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Applications of process-based morphodynamic models are often constrained by limited availability of data on bed composition, which may have a considerable impact on the modeled morphodynamic development. One may even distinguish a period of “morphodynamic spin-up” in which the model generates the bed level according to some ill-defined initial bed composition rather than describing the realistic behavior of the system. The present paper proposes a methodology to generate bed composition of multiple sand and/or mud fractions that can act as the initial condition for the process-based numerical model Delft3D. The bed composition generation (BCG) run does not include bed level changes, but does permit the redistribution of multiple sediment fractions over the modeled domain. The model applies the concept of an active layer that may differ in sediment composition above an underlayer with fixed composition. In the case of a BCG run, the bed level is kept constant, whereas the bed composition can change. The approach is applied to San Pablo Bay in California, USA. Model results show that the BCG run reallocates sand and mud fractions over the model domain. Initially, a major sediment reallocation takes place, but development rates decrease in the longer term. Runs that take the outcome of a BCG run as a starting point lead to more gradual morphodynamic development. Sensitivity analysis shows the impact of variations in the morphological factor, the active layer thickness, and wind waves. An important but difficult to characterize criterion for a successful application of a BCG run is that it should not lead to a bed composition that fixes the bed so that it dominates the “natural” morphodynamic development of the system. Future research will focus on a decadal morphodynamic hindcast and comparison with measured bathymetries in San Pablo Bay so that the proposed methodology can be tested and optimized.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10236-010-0314-2","issn":"16167341","usgsCitation":"van der Wegen, M., Dastgheib, A., Jaffe, B.E., and Roelvink, D., 2011, Bed composition generation for morphodynamic modeling: Case study of San Pablo Bay in California, USA, v. 61, no. 2-3, p. 173-186, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-010-0314-2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"186","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475630,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-010-0314-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217591,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10236-010-0314-2"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pablo Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.72277832031251,\n              37.81846319511331\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9647216796875,\n              37.81846319511331\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9647216796875,\n              38.272688535980976\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72277832031251,\n              38.272688535980976\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72277832031251,\n              37.81846319511331\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f03ae4b0c8380cd4a671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van der Wegen, M.","contributorId":106720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Wegen","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dastgheib, A.","contributorId":72623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dastgheib","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roelvink, D.","contributorId":26516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelvink","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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