Quantified were the age, growth, mortality and reproductive structure of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) collected in the US and Canadian waters of the Namakan Reservoir. The hypotheses were tested that (i) age and growth of lake sturgeon in the Namakan Reservoir would differ by sex and reproductive stage of maturity, and (ii) that the relative strength of year-classes of lake sturgeon in the reservoir would be affected by environmental variables. To quantify age, growth and mortality of the population, existing data was used from a multi-agency database containing information on all lake sturgeon sampled in the reservoir from 2004 to 2009. Lake sturgeon were sampled in the Minnesota and Ontario waters of the Namakan Reservoir using multi-filament gillnets 1.8 m high and 30–100 m long and varying in mesh size from 178 to 356 mm stretch. Reproductive structure of the lake sturgeon was assessed only during spring 2008 and 2009 using plasma testosterone and estradiol-17β concentrations. Ages of lake sturgeon >75 cm ranged from 9 to 86 years (n = 533, mean = 36 years). A catch-curve analysis using the 1981–1953 year classes estimated total annual mortality of adults to be 4.8% and annual survival as 95.2%. Using logistic regression analysis, it was found that total annual precipitation was positively associated with lake sturgeon year-class strength in the Namakan Reservoir. A 10 cm increase in total annual precipitation was associated with at least a 39% increase in the odds of occurrence of a strong year class of lake sturgeon in the reservoir. Plasma steroid analysis revealed a sex ratio of 2.4 females: 1 male and, on average, 10% of female and 30% of male lake sturgeon were reproductively mature each year (i.e. potential spawners). Moreover, there was evidence based on re-captured male fish of both periodic and annual spawning, as well as the ability of males to rapidly undergo gonadal maturation prior to spawning. Knowledge of lake sturgeon reproductive structure and factors influencing recruitment success contribute to the widespread conservation efforts for this threatened species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01927.x","usgsCitation":"Shaw, S.L., Chipps, S.R., Windels, S.K., Webb, M., McLeod, D.T., and Willis, D., 2012, Lake sturgeon population attributes and reproductive structure in the Namakan Reservoir, Minnesota and Ontario: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 168-175, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01927.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"175","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031252","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Minnesota, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Namakan Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.44696044921875,\n 48.25576986959547\n ],\n [\n -93.44696044921875,\n 48.69821216562637\n ],\n [\n -92.35931396484374,\n 48.69821216562637\n ],\n [\n -92.35931396484374,\n 48.25576986959547\n ],\n [\n -93.44696044921875,\n 48.25576986959547\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c34e4b07657d19a69fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, S. L.","contributorId":171918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Windels, Steve K.","contributorId":182422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Windels","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":18939,"text":"Voyageurs National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webb, M.A.H.","contributorId":102241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"M.A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McLeod, D. T.","contributorId":171920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLeod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032406,"text":"70032406 - 2012 - Functional ecology of saltglands in shorebirds: Flexible responses to variable environmental conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T12:55:45.584228","indexId":"70032406","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional ecology of saltglands in shorebirds: Flexible responses to variable environmental conditions","docAbstract":"1. Birds of marine environments have specialized glands to excrete salt, the saltglands. Located on the skull between the eyes, the size of these organs is expected to reflect their demand, which will vary with water turnover rates as a function of environmental (heat load, salinity of prey and drinking water) and organismal (energy demand, physiological state) factors. On the basis of inter- and intraspecific comparisons of saltgland mass (msg) in 29 species of shorebird (suborder Charadrii) from saline, fresh and mixed water habitats, we assessed the relative roles of organism and environment in determining measured msg species.
2. The allometric exponent, scaling dry msg to shorebird total body mass (mb), was significantly higher for coastal marine species (0Æ88, N = 19) than for nonmarine species (0Æ43, N = 14). Within the marine species, those ingesting bivalves intact had significantly higher msg than species eating soft-bodied invertebrates, indicating that seawater contained within the shells added to the salt load.
3. In red knots (Calidris canutus), dry msg varied with monthly averaged ambient temperature in a U-shaped way, with the lowest mass at 12Æ5 C. This probably reflects increased energy demand for thermoregulation at low temperatures and elevated respiratory water loss at high temperatures. In fuelling bar-tailed godwits (Limosa lapponica), dry msg was positively correlated with intestine mass, an indicator of relative food intake rates. These findings suggest once more that saltgland masses vary within species (and presumably individuals) in relation to salt load, that is a function of energy turnover (thermoregulation and fuelling) and evaporative water needs.
4. Our results support the notion that msg is strongly influenced by habitat salinity, and also by factors influencing salt load and demand for osmotically free water including ambient temperature, prey type and energy intake rates. Saltglands are evidently highly flexible organs. The small size of saltglands when demands are low suggests that any time costs of adjustment are lower than the costs of maintaining a larger size in this small but essential piece of metabolic machinery.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01929.x","issn":"02698463","usgsCitation":"Gutierrez, J., Dietz, M., Masero, J., Gill, R., Dekinga, A., Battley, P.F., Sanchez-Guzman, J.M., and Piersma, T., 2012, Functional ecology of saltglands in shorebirds: Flexible responses to variable environmental conditions: Functional Ecology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 236-244, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01929.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"244","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474685,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01929.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1411e4b0c8380cd548bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrez, J.S.","contributorId":97334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dietz, M.W.","contributorId":62842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietz","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masero, J.A.","contributorId":23773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masero","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dekinga, Anne","contributorId":52000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dekinga","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Battley, Phil F.","contributorId":27272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battley","given":"Phil","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sanchez-Guzman, J. M.","contributorId":65677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez-Guzman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis","contributorId":45863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70193251,"text":"70193251 - 2012 - Using rocks to reveal the inner workings of magma chambers below volcanoes in Alaska’s National Parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T10:17:34","indexId":"70193251","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":691,"text":"Alaska Park Science","printIssn":"1545- 496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using rocks to reveal the inner workings of magma chambers below volcanoes in Alaska’s National Parks","docAbstract":"Alaska is one of the most vigorously volcanic regions on the planet, and Alaska’s national parks are home to many of the state’s most active volcanoes. These pose both local and more distant hazards in the form of lava and pyroclastic flows, lahars (mudflows), ash clouds, and ash fall. Alaska’s volcanoes lie along the arc of the Aleutian-Alaskan subduction zone, caused as the oceanic Pacific plate moves northward and dips below the North American plate. These volcanoes form as water-rich fluid from the down-going Pacific plate is released, lowering the melting temperature of rock in the overlying mantle and enabling it to partially melt. The melted rock (magma) migrates upward, collecting at the base of the approximately 25 mile (40 km) thick crust, occasionally ascending into the shallow crust, and sometimes erupting at the earth’s surface.
During volcanic unrest, scientists use geophysical signals to remotely visualize volcanic processes, such as movement of magma in the upper crust. In addition, erupted volcanic rocks, which are quenched samples of magmas, can tell us about subsurface magma characteris-tics, history, and the processes that drive eruptions. The chemical compositions of and the minerals present in the erupted magmas can reveal conditions under which these magmas were stored in crustal “chambers”. Studies of the products of recent eruptions of Novarupta (1912), Aniakchak (1931), Trident (1953-74), and Redoubt (2009) volcanoes reveal the depths and temperatures of magma storage, and tell of complex interactions between magmas of different compositions. One goal of volcanology is to determine the processes that drive or trigger eruptions. Information recorded in the rocks tells us about these processes. Here, we demonstrate how geologists gain these insights through case studies from four recent eruptions of volcanoes in Alaska national parks.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., and Bacon, C.R., 2012, Using rocks to reveal the inner workings of magma chambers below volcanoes in Alaska’s National Parks: Alaska Park Science, v. 11, no. 1, p. 26-33.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"33","ipdsId":"IP-033839","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347939,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/articles/aps-v11-i1-c5.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.75244140625,\n 56.45034902929676\n ],\n [\n -151.72119140625,\n 56.45034902929676\n ],\n [\n -151.72119140625,\n 61.64816245852389\n ],\n [\n -158.75244140625,\n 61.64816245852389\n ],\n [\n -158.75244140625,\n 56.45034902929676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bc1e4b0531197afa06e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032385,"text":"70032385 - 2012 - Genetic diversity and species diversity of stream fishes covary across a land-use gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-01T22:50:39.387464","indexId":"70032385","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic diversity and species diversity of stream fishes covary across a land-use gradient","docAbstract":"Genetic diversity and species diversity are expected to covary according to area and isolation, but may not always covary with environmental heterogeneity. In this study, we examined how patterns of genetic and species diversity in stream fishes correspond to local and regional environmental conditions. To do so, we compared population size, genetic diversity and divergence in central stonerollers (Campostoma anomalum) to measures of species diversity and turnover in stream fish assemblages among similarly sized watersheds across an agriculture–forest land-use gradient in the Little Miami River basin (Ohio, USA). Significant correlations were found in many, but not all, pair-wise comparisons. Allelic richness and species richness were strongly correlated, for example, but diversity measures based on allele frequencies and assemblage structure were not. In-stream conditions related to agricultural land use were identified as significant predictors of genetic diversity and species diversity. Comparisons to population size indicate, however, that genetic diversity and species diversity are not necessarily independent and that variation also corresponds to watershed location and glaciation history in the drainage basin. Our findings demonstrate that genetic diversity and species diversity can covary in stream fish assemblages, and illustrate the potential importance of scaling observations to capture responses to hierarchical environmental variation. More comparisons according to life history variation could further improve understanding of conditions that give rise to parallel variation in genetic diversity and species diversity, which in turn could improve diagnosis of anthropogenic influences on aquatic ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer- Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s00442-011-2078-x","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Blum, M., Bagley, M., Walters, D., Jackson, S., Daniel, F., Chaloud, D., and Cade, B.S., 2012, Genetic diversity and species diversity of stream fishes covary across a land-use gradient: Oecologia, v. 168, no. 1, p. 83-95, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2078-x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"95","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213747,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2078-x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Little Miami River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.902587890625,\n 38.77549900381297\n ],\n [\n -83.6224365234375,\n 39.07037913108751\n ],\n [\n -83.3587646484375,\n 39.33429742980725\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 39.72831341029745\n ],\n [\n -83.5784912109375,\n 39.96870074491696\n ],\n [\n -84.0179443359375,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -84.26513671875,\n 39.884450178234395\n ],\n [\n -84.52880859375,\n 39.44891948347229\n ],\n [\n -84.627685546875,\n 39.10875135935859\n ],\n [\n -84.4573974609375,\n 39.11727568585598\n ],\n [\n -84.407958984375,\n 39.06611426153784\n ],\n [\n -84.2596435546875,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -84.2596435546875,\n 38.83542884007305\n ],\n [\n -84.0618896484375,\n 38.77978137804918\n ],\n [\n -83.902587890625,\n 38.77549900381297\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"168","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1573e4b0c8380cd54e04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blum, M.J.","contributorId":8298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bagley, M.J.","contributorId":17054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, D.M.","contributorId":41507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackson, S.A.","contributorId":20990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Daniel, F.B.","contributorId":20165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chaloud, D.J.","contributorId":46249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaloud","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70045342,"text":"70045342 - 2012 - Conditions and processes affecting radionuclide transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-13T11:32:12","indexId":"70045342","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1726,"text":"GSA Memoirs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conditions and processes affecting radionuclide transport","docAbstract":"Characteristics of host rocks, secondary minerals, and fluids would affect the transport of radionuclides from a previously proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Minerals in the Yucca Mountain tuffs that are important for retarding radionuclides include clinoptilolite and mordenite (zeolites), clay minerals, and iron and manganese oxides and hydroxides. Water compositions along flow paths beneath Yucca Mountain are controlled by dissolution reactions, silica and calcite precipitation, and ion-exchange reactions. Radionuclide concentrations along flow paths from a repository could be limited by (1) low waste-form dissolution rates, (2) low radionuclide solubility, and (3) radionuclide sorption onto geological media.
\nThe chief sources of radioactivity in spent nuclear fuel are americium, plutonium, and neptunium. Therefore, studies have concentrated on their geochemical mobility. Uranium-233, uranium-234, iodine-129, technetium-99, and other radionuclides also have been included in some experiments. Solubilities were determined experimentally in representative Yucca Mountain waters. Sorption coefficients were determined using water, rock, and pure mineral samples from Yucca Mountain. Batch experiments were performed at several pH levels and oxidizing conditions. Dynamic transport-column experiments, diffusion experiments, and solid-rock beaker experiments also were conducted. The batch tests gave slightly lower retardation factors than those derived from column-breakthrough experiments. This finding indicates that using batch-sorption coefficients to predict radionuclide transport will yield conservative results in a performance assessment.
\nUnderstanding of unsaturated-zone transport is based on laboratory and field-scale experiments. Fractures provide advective transport pathways. Sorption and matrix diffusion may contribute to retardation of radionuclides. Conversely, sorption onto mobile colloids may enhance radionuclide transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2012.1209(06)","usgsCitation":"Simmons, A.M., and Neymark, L.A., 2012, Conditions and processes affecting radionuclide transport: GSA Memoirs, v. 209, p. 277-362, https://doi.org/10.1130/2012.1209(06).","productDescription":"86 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"362","numberOfPages":"86","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025158","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271326,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"209","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51751748e4b074c2b05564b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simmons, Ardyth M.","contributorId":94412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Ardyth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neymark, Leonid A. lneymark@usgs.gov","contributorId":532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"Leonid","email":"lneymark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043467,"text":"70043467 - 2012 - Reproductive endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the Potomac River basin: spatial and temporal comparisons of biological effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T10:44:18","indexId":"70043467","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the Potomac River basin: spatial and temporal comparisons of biological effects","docAbstract":"A high prevalence of intersex or testicular oocytes (TO) in male smallmouth bass within the Potomac River drainage has raised concerns as to the health of the river. Studies were conducted to document biomarker responses both temporally and spatially to better understand the influence of normal physiological cycles, as well as water quality and land-use influences. Smallmouth bass were collected over a 2-year period from three tributaries of the Potomac River: the Shenandoah River, the South Branch Potomac and Conococheague Creek, and an out-of-basin reference site on the Gauley River. The prevalence of TO varied seasonally with the lowest prevalence observed in July, post-spawn. Reproductive maturity and/or lack of spawning the previous spring, as well as land-use practices such as application of manure and pesticides, may influence the seasonal observations. Annual, seasonal, and site differences were also observed in the percentage of males with measurable concentrations of plasma vitellogenin, mean concentration of plasma vitellogenin in females, and plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol and testosterone in both sexes. Bass collected in the South Branch Potomac (moderate to high prevalence of TO) had less sperm per testes mass with a lower percentage of those sperm being motile when compared to those from the Gauley River (low prevalence of TO). An inverse relationship was noted between TO severity and sperm motility. An association between TO severity and wastewater treatment plant flow, percent of agriculture, total number of animal feeding operations, the number of poultry houses, and animal density within the catchment was observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Iwanowicz, L., Henderson, H., Mazik, P.M., Jenkins, J.A., Alvarez, D., and Young, J.A., 2012, Reproductive endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the Potomac River basin: spatial and temporal comparisons of biological effects: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 184, no. 7, p. 4309-4334, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"4309","endPage":"4334","ipdsId":"IP-026403","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273564,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.43,39.22 ], [ -79.43,39.43 ], [ -79.13,39.43 ], [ -79.13,39.22 ], [ -79.43,39.22 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"184","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6f56be4b0097a7158e5e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R.","contributorId":11902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, Holly","contributorId":97805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Holly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazik, Patricia M. 0000-0002-8046-5929 pmazik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5929","contributorId":2318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Patricia","email":"pmazik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jenkins, Jill A. 0000-0002-5087-0894 jenkinsj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":2710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jill","email":"jenkinsj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alvarez, David A.","contributorId":72755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70044129,"text":"70044129 - 2012 - Cambrian-lower Middle Ordovician passive carbonate margin, southern Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-11T18:38:31.792537","indexId":"70044129","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":606,"text":"AAPG Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"14","title":"Cambrian-lower Middle Ordovician passive carbonate margin, southern Appalachians","docAbstract":"The southern Appalachian part of the Cambrian–Ordovician passive margin succession of the great American carbonate bank extends from the Lower Cambrian to the lower Middle Ordovician, is as much as 3.5 km (2.2 mi) thick, and has long-term subsidence rates exceeding 5 cm (2 in.)/k.y. Subsiding depocenters separated by arches controlled sediment thickness. The succession consists of five supersequences, each of which contains several third-order sequences, and numerous meter-scale parasequences. Siliciclastic-prone supersequence 1 (Lower Cambrian Chilhowee Group fluvial rift clastics grading up into shelf siliciclastics) underlies the passive margin carbonates. Supersequence 2 consists of the Lower Cambrian Shady Dolomite–Rome-Waynesboro Formations. This is a shallowing-upward ramp succession of thinly bedded to nodular lime mudstones up into carbonate mud-mound facies, overlain by lowstand quartzose carbonates, and then a rimmed shelf succession capped by highly cyclic regressive carbonates and red beds (Rome-Waynesboro Formations). Foreslope facies include megabreccias, grainstone, and thin-bedded carbonate turbidites and deep-water rhythmites. Supersequence 3 rests on a major unconformity and consists of a Middle Cambrian differentiated rimmed shelf carbonate with highly cyclic facies (Elbrook Formation) extending in from the rim and passing via an oolitic ramp into a large structurally controlled intrashelf basin (Conasauga Shale). Filling of the intrashelf basin caused widespread deposition of thin quartz sandstones at the base of supersequence 4, overlain by widespread cyclic carbonates (Upper Cambrian lower Knox Group Copper Ridge Dolomite in the south; Conococheague Formation in the north). Supersequence 5 (Lower Ordovician upper Knox in the south; Lower to Middle Ordovician Beekmantown Group in the north) has a basal quartz sandstone-prone unit, overlain by cyclic ramp carbonates, that grade downdip into thrombolite grainstone and then storm-deposited deep-ramp carbonates. Passive margin deposition was terminated by arc-continent collision when the shelf was uplifted over a peripheral bulge while global sea levels were falling, resulting in the major 0- to 10-m.y. Knox–Beekmantown unconformity. The supersequences and sequences appear to relate to regionally traceable eustatic sea level cycles on which were superimposed high-frequency Milankovitch sea level cycles that formed the parasequences under global greenhouse conditions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The great American carbonate bank: The geology and economic resources of the Cambrian-Ordovician Sauk megasequence of Laurentia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/13331499M980271","usgsCitation":"Read, J.F., and Repetski, J.E., 2012, Cambrian-lower Middle Ordovician passive carbonate margin, southern Appalachians, chap. 14 of The great American carbonate bank: The geology and economic resources of the Cambrian-Ordovician Sauk megasequence of Laurentia: AAPG Memoir, v. 98, p. 357-382, https://doi.org/10.1306/13331499M980271.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"382","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043201","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378344,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/memoir98/CHAPTER14/CHAPTER14.HTM"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"southern Appalachian Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.25537109375,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -80.958251953125,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -85.49560546875,\n 36.28856319836237\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 33.715201644740844\n ],\n [\n -85.26489257812499,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -81.595458984375,\n 35.263561862152095\n ],\n [\n -78.233642578125,\n 38.11727165830543\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 39.73253798438173\n ],\n [\n -79.25537109375,\n 39.70718665682654\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e64d8e4b00154e4368b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Read, J. Fred","contributorId":50068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Read","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[{"id":12594,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":474845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045211,"text":"70045211 - 2012 - Results of the first North American comparison of absolute gravimeters, NACAG-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T11:54:22","indexId":"70045211","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2303,"text":"Journal of Geodesy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Results of the first North American comparison of absolute gravimeters, NACAG-2010","docAbstract":"The first North American Comparison of absolute gravimeters (NACAG-2010) was hosted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at its newly renovated Table Mountain Geophysical Observatory (TMGO) north of Boulder, Colorado, in October 2010. NACAG-2010 and the renovation of TMGO are part of NGS’s GRAV-D project (Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum). Nine absolute gravimeters from three countries participated in the comparison. Before the comparison, the gravimeter operators agreed to a protocol describing the strategy to measure, calculate, and present the results. Nine sites were used to measure the free-fall acceleration of g. Each gravimeter measured the value of g at a subset of three of the sites, for a total set of 27 g-values for the comparison. The absolute gravimeters agree with one another with a standard deviation of 1.6 µGal (1 Gal = 1 cm s-2). The minimum and maximum offsets are -2.8 and 2.7 µGal. This is an excellent agreement and can be attributed to multiple factors, including gravimeters that were in good working order, good operators, a quiet observatory, and a short duration time for the experiment. These results can be used to standardize gravity surveys internationally.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geodesy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00190-011-0539-y","usgsCitation":"Schmerge, D., Francis, O., Henton, J., Ingles, D., Jones, D., Kennedy, J.R., Krauterbluth, K., Liard, J., Newell, D., Sands, R., Schiel, J., Silliker, J., and van Westrum, D., 2012, Results of the first North American comparison of absolute gravimeters, NACAG-2010: Journal of Geodesy, v. 86, no. 8, p. 591-596, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-011-0539-y.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"596","numberOfPages":"6","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034910","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271960,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-011-0539-y"}],"volume":"86","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a2279e4b061e1bd5334a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmerge, David","contributorId":78228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmerge","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Francis, Olvier","contributorId":93367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"Olvier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henton, J.","contributorId":85072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingles, D.","contributorId":64140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingles","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, D.","contributorId":16578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krauterbluth, K.","contributorId":67791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauterbluth","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liard, J.","contributorId":14676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Newell, D.","contributorId":14281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sands, R.","contributorId":62909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sands","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schiel, J.","contributorId":74276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Silliker, J.","contributorId":105625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silliker","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"van Westrum, D.","contributorId":77030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Westrum","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70045351,"text":"70045351 - 2012 - Multi-gauge Calibration for modeling the Semi-Arid Santa Cruz Watershed in Arizona-Mexico Border Area Using SWAT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T14:33:36","indexId":"70045351","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":686,"text":"Air, Soil and Water Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-gauge Calibration for modeling the Semi-Arid Santa Cruz Watershed in Arizona-Mexico Border Area Using SWAT","docAbstract":"In most watershed-modeling studies, flow is calibrated at one monitoring site, usually at the watershed outlet. Like many arid and semi-arid watersheds, the main reach of the Santa Cruz watershed, located on the Arizona-Mexico border, is discontinuous for most of the year except during large flood events, and therefore the flow characteristics at the outlet do not represent the entire watershed. Calibration is required at multiple locations along the Santa Cruz River to improve model reliability. The objective of this study was to best portray surface water flow in this semiarid watershed and evaluate the effect of multi-gage calibration on flow predictions. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated at seven monitoring stations, which improved model performance and increased the reliability of flow, in the Santa Cruz watershed. The most sensitive parameters to affect flow were found to be curve number (CN2), soil evaporation and compensation coefficient (ESCO), threshold water depth in shallow aquifer for return flow to occur (GWQMN), base flow alpha factor (Alpha_Bf), and effective hydraulic conductivity of the soil layer (Ch_K2). In comparison, when the model was established with a single calibration at the watershed outlet, flow predictions at other monitoring gages were inaccurate. This study emphasizes the importance of multi-gage calibration to develop a reliable watershed model in arid and semiarid environments. The developed model, with further calibration of water quality parameters will be an integral part of the Santa Cruz Watershed Ecosystem Portfolio Model (SCWEPM), an online decision support tool, to assess the impacts of climate change and urban growth in the Santa Cruz watershed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Air, Soil and Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Libertas Academica Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Auckland, New Zealand","doi":"10.4137/ASWR.S9410","usgsCitation":"Niraula, R., Norman, L.A., Meixner, T., and Callegary, J.B., 2012, Multi-gauge Calibration for modeling the Semi-Arid Santa Cruz Watershed in Arizona-Mexico Border Area Using SWAT: Air, Soil and Water Research, v. 2012, no. 5, p. 41-57, https://doi.org/10.4137/ASWR.S9410.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-033521","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4137/aswr.s9410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271378,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ASWR.S9410"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.213226,31.210452 ], [ -111.213226,32.345162 ], [ -110.67627,32.345162 ], [ -110.67627,31.210452 ], [ -111.213226,31.210452 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2012","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51765bebe4b0f989f99e0107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niraula, Rewati","contributorId":100714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niraula","given":"Rewati","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norman, Laura A.","contributorId":108003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meixner, Thomas","contributorId":22653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meixner","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Callegary, James B. 0000-0003-3604-0517 jcallega@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-0517","contributorId":2171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callegary","given":"James","email":"jcallega@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032379,"text":"70032379 - 2012 - Methylation of Hg downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T14:25:41","indexId":"70032379","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylation of Hg downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon","docAbstract":"Speciation of Hg and conversion to methyl-Hg were evaluated in stream sediment, stream water, and aquatic snails collected downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon. Total production from the Bonanza mine was >1360t of Hg, during mining from the late 1800s to 1960, ranking it as an intermediate sized Hg mine on an international scale. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution, transport, and methylation of Hg downstream from a Hg mine in a coastal temperate climatic zone. Data shown here for methyl-Hg, a neurotoxin hazardous to humans, are the first reported for sediment and water from this area. Stream sediment collected from Foster Creek flowing downstream from the Bonanza mine contained elevated Hg concentrations that ranged from 590 to 71,000ng/g, all of which (except the most distal sample) exceeded the probable effect concentration (PEC) of 1060ng/g, the Hg concentration above which harmful effects are likely to be observed in sediment-dwelling organisms. Concentrations of methyl-Hg in stream sediment collected from Foster Creek varied from 11 to 62ng/g and were highly elevated compared to regional baseline concentrations (0.11-0.82ng/g) established in this study. Methyl-Hg concentrations in stream sediment collected in this study showed a significant correlation with total organic C (TOC, R2=0.62), generally indicating increased methyl-Hg formation with increasing TOC in sediment. Isotopic-tracer methods indicated that several samples of Foster Creek sediment exhibited high rates of Hg-methylation. Concentrations of Hg in water collected downstream from the mine varied from 17 to 270ng/L and were also elevated compared to baselines, but all were below the 770ng/L Hg standard recommended by the USEPA to protect against chronic effects to aquatic wildlife. Concentrations of methyl-Hg in the water collected from Foster Creek ranged from 0.17 to 1.8ng/L, which were elevated compared to regional baseline sites upstream and downstream from the mine that varied from <0.02 to 0.22ng/L. Aquatic snails collected downstream from the mine were elevated in Hg indicating significant bioavailability and uptake of Hg by these snails. Results for sediment and water indicated significant methyl-Hg formation in the ecosystem downstream from the Bonanza mine, which is enhanced by the temperate climate, high precipitation in the area, and high organic matter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.09.019","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Hines, M.E., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Thoms, B., 2012, Methylation of Hg downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 1, p. 106-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.09.019.","startPage":"106","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213657,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.09.019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.694382,43.049322 ], [ -123.694382,43.748281 ], [ -122.995377,43.748281 ], [ -122.995377,43.049322 ], [ -123.694382,43.049322 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5619e4b0c8380cd6d354","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John E. jgray@usgs.gov","contributorId":1275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, Mark E.","contributorId":43180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thoms, Bryn","contributorId":95278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thoms","given":"Bryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042829,"text":"70042829 - 2012 - MODFLOW-NWT – Robust handling of dry cells using a Newton Formulation of MODFLOW-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-25T15:23:34","indexId":"70042829","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MODFLOW-NWT – Robust handling of dry cells using a Newton Formulation of MODFLOW-2005","docAbstract":"The first versions of the widely used groundwater flow model MODFLOW (McDonald and Harbaugh 1988) had a sure but inflexible way of handling unconfined finite-difference aquifer cells where the water table dropped below the bottom of the cell—these \"dry cells\" were turned inactive for the remainder of the simulation. Problems with this formulation were easily seen, including the potential for inadvertent loss of simulated recharge in the model (Doherty 2001; Painter et al. 2008), and rippling of dry cells through the solution that unacceptably changed the groundwater flow system (Juckem et al. 2006). Moreover, solving problems of the natural world often required the ability to reactivate dry cells when the water table rose above the cell bottom. This seemingly simple desire resulted in a two-decade attempt to include the simulation flexibility while avoiding numerical instability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing Ltd","publisherLocation":"Columbia, MD","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00976.x","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R., and Feinstein, D.T., 2012, MODFLOW-NWT – Robust handling of dry cells using a Newton Formulation of MODFLOW-2005: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 5, p. 659-663, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00976.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"5","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037826","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268261,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00976.x"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512c9613e4b0855fde6697ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randal J. 0000-0001-6465-9304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":52861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randal J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feinstein, Daniel T. 0000-0003-1151-2530 dtfeinst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-2530","contributorId":1907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinstein","given":"Daniel","email":"dtfeinst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042699,"text":"70042699 - 2012 - In-ground disposal of human sewage can contaminate nearshore waters and reefs with bacteria and viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-16T13:27:39","indexId":"70042699","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"In-ground disposal of human sewage can contaminate nearshore waters and reefs with bacteria and viruses","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tropical connections: south Florida's marine environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"IAN Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, MD","usgsCitation":"Lipp, E.K., Griffin, D., and Futch, J., 2012, In-ground disposal of human sewage can contaminate nearshore waters and reefs with bacteria and viruses, chap. of Tropical connections: south Florida's marine environment, p. 147-148.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024441","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.63,24.52 ], [ -87.63,31.0 ], [ -80.03,31.0 ], [ -80.03,24.52 ], [ -87.63,24.52 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5152c394e4b01197b08e9cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipp, Erin K.","contributorId":73823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipp","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W.","contributorId":23668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Futch, J.C.","contributorId":87044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futch","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189082,"text":"70189082 - 2012 - Climate-change-driven deterioration of water quality in a mineralized watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:41:14","indexId":"70189082","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate-change-driven deterioration of water quality in a mineralized watershed","docAbstract":"A unique 30-year streamwater chemistry data set from a mineralized alpine watershed with naturally acidic, metal-rich water displays dissolved concentrations of Zn and other metals of ecological concern increasing by 100–400% (400–2000 μg/L) during low-flow months, when metal concentrations are highest. SO4 and other major ions show similar increases. A lack of natural or anthropogenic land disturbances in the watershed during the study period suggests that climate change is the underlying cause. Local mean annual and mean summer air temperatures have increased at a rate of 0.2–1.2 °C/decade since the 1980s. Other climatic and hydrologic indices, including stream discharge during low-flow months, do not display statistically significant trends. Consideration of potential specific causal mechanisms driven by rising temperatures suggests that melting of permafrost and falling water tables (from decreased recharge) are probable explanations for the increasing concentrations. The prospect of future widespread increases in dissolved solutes from mineralized watersheds is concerning given likely negative impacts on downstream ecosystems and water resources, and complications created for the establishment of attainable remediation objectives at mine sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACU Publications","doi":"10.1021/es3020056","usgsCitation":"Todd, A., Manning, A.H., Verplanck, P.L., Crouch, C., McKnight, D.M., and Dunham, R., 2012, Climate-change-driven deterioration of water quality in a mineralized watershed: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 17, p. 9324-9332, https://doi.org/10.1021/es3020056.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"9324","endPage":"9332","ipdsId":"IP-039673","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c7e4b0d1f9f05067e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Andrew atodd@usgs.gov","contributorId":149790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Andrew","email":"atodd@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crouch, Caitlin","contributorId":194025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crouch","given":"Caitlin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunham, Ryan","contributorId":194026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunham","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187487,"text":"70187487 - 2012 - Habitat and prey availability attributes associated with juvenile and early adult pallid sturgeon occurrence in the Missouri River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T18:14:07","indexId":"70187487","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat and prey availability attributes associated with juvenile and early adult pallid sturgeon occurrence in the Missouri River, USA","docAbstract":"The pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus is a federally endangered species native to the Missouri and lower Mississippi Rivers, USA. As part of recovery efforts, over 360000 pallid sturgeon have been stocked into the Missouri River since 1994, and a standardized, long-term monitoring program was initiated in 2003. Understanding the distribution and habitat requirements of juvenile and early adult pallid sturgeon (fork length <720 mm, age <10 yr) is an important goal of the monitoring and recovery programs. In this study, we collected information on habitat characteristics and prey availability from the upper Missouri River along the Nebraska-South Dakota border and compared these attributes between capture (present) and non-capture (absent) locations (N = 59). To evaluate the relative influence of habitat and prey availability on pallid sturgeon occurrence, we examined several candidate models using an information-theoretic approach. A prey availability model had the most support and included site-specific information on Diptera and Ephemeroptera abundance. A habitat-based model showed that juveniles and early adults were found in relatively deeper water and avoided areas where bottom velocities were greater than 1.2 m s−1. Although not as well supported as the prey-effects model (evidence ratio = 6.4), habitat features also provided a plausible model for predicting occurrence. The models developed here could be used to evaluate pallid sturgeon habitat potential in the Missouri River basin and help guide future monitoring and conservation management of this endangered species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/esr00408","usgsCitation":"Spindler, B.D., Chipps, S.R., Klumb, R.A., Graeb, B.D., and Wimberly, M.C., 2012, Habitat and prey availability attributes associated with juvenile and early adult pallid sturgeon occurrence in the Missouri River, USA: Endangered Species Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 225-234, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00408.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"234","ipdsId":"IP-034025","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00408","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","volume":"16","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590c3dcbe4b0e541a038dd2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spindler, Bryan D.","contributorId":171900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spindler","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":561,"text":"South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klumb, Robert A.","contributorId":86606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klumb","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":561,"text":"South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graeb, Brian D. S.","contributorId":171851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graeb","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D. S.","affiliations":[{"id":26956,"text":"Departement of Natural Resource Management, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wimberly, Michael C.","contributorId":167855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wimberly","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187481,"text":"70187481 - 2012 - An application and extension of the constraints–effects–mitigation model to Minnesota waterfowl hunting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T11:21:10","indexId":"70187481","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1909,"text":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An application and extension of the constraints–effects–mitigation model to Minnesota waterfowl hunting","docAbstract":"This study extends modeling work on the leisure constraint negotiation process from physically active leisure and celebrity fandom to hunting. We test a model derived from the constraints–effects–mitigation model of leisure participation. The model is examined in the context of continued Minnesota waterfowl hunting among a sample of Minnesota residents who purchased a North Dakota waterfowl stamp. Results are from a mail survey conducted in 2006. In our modeling, successful constraint negotiation fully mediated the constraints–participation relationship, while involvement had both direct and indirect effects on participation. Hunter motivation was positively related to involvement. Results advance understanding of the relationships among factors that influence leisure participation, and suggest that constraint negotiation may differ among recreation activities with different participant profiles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10871209.2012.650317","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, S., Fulton, D.C., Lawrence, J.S., and Cordts, S.D., 2012, An application and extension of the constraints–effects–mitigation model to Minnesota waterfowl hunting: Human Dimensions of Wildlife, v. 17, no. 3, p. 174-192, https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2012.650317.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"192","ipdsId":"IP-035094","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b9e4b0e541a03c1a88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Susan A.","contributorId":78235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fulton, David C. 0000-0001-5763-7887 dcf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5763-7887","contributorId":2208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"David","email":"dcf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":171470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cordts, Steven D.","contributorId":171471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cordts","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032470,"text":"70032470 - 2012 - Generation and evolution of hydrothermal fluids at Yellowstone: Insights from the Heart Lake Geyser Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:00:34","indexId":"70032470","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generation and evolution of hydrothermal fluids at Yellowstone: Insights from the Heart Lake Geyser Basin","docAbstract":"We sampled fumaroles and hot springs from the Heart Lake Geyser Basin (HLGB), measured water and gas discharge, and estimated heat and mass flux from this geothermal area in 2009. The combined data set reveals that diverse fluids share an origin by mixing of deep solute-rich parent water with dilute heated meteoric water, accompanied by subsequent boiling. A variety of chemical and isotopic geothermometers are consistent with a parent water that equilibrates with rocks at 205°C ± 10°C and then undergoes 21% ± 2% adiabatic boiling. Measured diffuse CO2 flux and fumarole compositions are consistent with an initial dissolved CO2 concentration of 21 ± 7 mmol upon arrival at the caldera boundary and prior to southeast flow, boiling, and discharge along the Witch Creek drainage. The calculated advective flow from the basin is 78 ± 16 L s−1 of parent thermal water, corresponding to 68 ± 14 MW, or –1% of the estimated thermal flux from Yellowstone. Helium and carbon isotopes reveal minor addition of locally derived crustal, biogenic, and meteoric gases as this fluid boils and degasses, reducing the He isotope ratio (Rc/Ra) from 2.91 to 1.09. The HLGB is one of the few thermal areas at Yellowstone that approaches a closed system, where a series of progressively boiled waters can be sampled along with related steam and noncondensable gas. At other Yellowstone locations, steam and gas are found without associated neutral Cl waters (e.g., Hot Spring Basin) or Cl-rich waters emerge without significant associated steam and gas (Upper Geyser Basin).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011GC003835","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., Bergfeld, D., Evans, W.C., and Hurwitz, S., 2012, Generation and evolution of hydrothermal fluids at Yellowstone: Insights from the Heart Lake Geyser Basin: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 13, no. 1, 20 p.; Q01017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003835.","productDescription":"20 p.; Q01017","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474808,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gc003835","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214032,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003835"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park;Heart Lake Geyser","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.514654,44.27994 ], [ -110.514654,44.299944 ], [ -110.494646,44.299944 ], [ -110.494646,44.27994 ], [ -110.514654,44.27994 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a154ee4b0c8380cd54d4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergfeld, D.","contributorId":58053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032286,"text":"70032286 - 2012 - Soil C and N patterns in a semiarid piñon-juniper woodland: Topography of slope and ephemeral channels add to canopy-intercanopy heterogeneity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T11:00:23","indexId":"70032286","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil C and N patterns in a semiarid piñon-juniper woodland: Topography of slope and ephemeral channels add to canopy-intercanopy heterogeneity","docAbstract":"Carbon and nitrogen are crucial to semiarid woodlands, determining decomposition, production and redistribution of water and nutrients. Carbon and nitrogen are often greater beneath canopies than intercanopies. Upslope vs. downslope position and ephemeral channels might also cause variation in C and N. Yet, few studies have simultaneously evaluated spatial variation associated with canopy–intercanopy patches and topography. We estimated C and N upslope and downslope in an eroding piñon–juniper woodland for canopies beneath piñons (Pinus edulis) and junipers, (Juniperus monosperma), intercanopies, and ephemeral channels. Soil C and N in the surface and profile beneath canopies exceeded that of intercanopies and channels. Relative to intercanopies, channels had more profile C upslope but less downslope (profile N was not significant). Relative to upslope, profile C downslope for intercanopies was greater and for channels was less (profile N was not significant). Relative to profile, surface soil C and N exhibited less heterogeneity. Although some topographic heterogeneity was detected, results did not collectively support our redistribution hypotheses, and we are unable to distinguish if this heterogeneity is due to in situ or redistribution effects. Nonetheless, results highlight finer topographical spatial variation in addition to predominant canopy and intercanopy variation that is applicable for semiarid woodland management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.029","usgsCitation":"Law, D., Breshears, D.D., Ebinger, M.H., Meyer, C.W., and Allen, C.D., 2012, Soil C and N patterns in a semiarid piñon-juniper woodland: Topography of slope and ephemeral channels add to canopy-intercanopy heterogeneity: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 79, p. 20-24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.029.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Pajarito Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 32.008075959291055\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -103.095703125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -103.095703125,\n 32.008075959291055\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 32.008075959291055\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91e0e4b08c986b319b69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Law, Darin J.","contributorId":98627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"Darin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breshears, David D.","contributorId":51620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebinger, Michael H.","contributorId":11431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Clifton W.","contributorId":43164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Clifton","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032318,"text":"70032318 - 2012 - Experimental determination of soil heat storage for the simulation of heat transport in a coastal wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T13:01:40.584017","indexId":"70032318","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental determination of soil heat storage for the simulation of heat transport in a coastal wetland","docAbstract":"Two physical experiments were developed to better define the thermal interaction of wetland water and the underlying soil layer. This information is important to numerical models of flow and heat transport that have been developed to support biological studies in the South Florida coastal wetland areas. The experimental apparatus consists of two 1.32 m diameter by 0.99 m tall, trailer-mounted, well-insulated tanks filled with soil and water. A peat–sand–soil mixture was used to represent the wetland soil, and artificial plants were used as a surrogate for emergent wetland vegetation based on size and density observed in the field. The tanks are instrumented with thermocouples to measure vertical and horizontal temperature variations and were placed in an outdoor environment subject to solar radiation, wind, and other factors affecting the heat transfer. Instruments also measure solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed.
Tests indicate that heat transfer through the sides and bottoms of the tanks is negligible, so the experiments represent vertical heat transfer effects only. The temperature fluctuations measured in the vertical profile through the soil and water are used to calibrate a one-dimensional heat-transport model. The model was used to calculate the thermal conductivity of the soil. Additionally, the model was used to calculate the total heat stored in the soil. This information was then used in a lumped parameter model to calculate an effective depth of soil which provides the appropriate heat storage to be combined with the heat storage in the water column. An effective depth, in the model, of 5.1 cm of wetland soil represents the heat storage needed to match the data taken in the tank containing 55.9 cm of peat/sand/soil mix. The artificial low-density laboratory sawgrass reduced the solar energy absorbed by the 35.6 cm of water and 55.9 cm of soil at midday by less than 5%. The maximum heat transfer into the underlying peat–sand–soil mix lags behind maximum solar radiation by approximately 2 h. A slightly longer temperature lag was observed between the maximum solar radiation and maximum water temperature both with and without soil.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.12.036","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Swain, M., Swain, M., Lohmann, M., and Swain, E., 2012, Experimental determination of soil heat storage for the simulation of heat transport in a coastal wetland: Journal of Hydrology, v. 422-423, p. 53-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.12.036.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"422-423","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dc5e4b0c8380cd531b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Michael","contributorId":79716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swain, Matthew","contributorId":68126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lohmann, Melinda 0000-0003-1472-159X mlohmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1472-159X","contributorId":2971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohmann","given":"Melinda","email":"mlohmann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swain, Eric 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":23347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032288,"text":"70032288 - 2012 - Effects of suture material and ultrasonic transmitter size on survival, growth, wound healing, and tag expulsion in rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T17:15:51.175409","indexId":"70032288","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of suture material and ultrasonic transmitter size on survival, growth, wound healing, and tag expulsion in rainbow trout","docAbstract":"We examined the effects of suture material (braided silk versus Monocryl) and relative ultrasonic transmitter size on healing, growth, mortality, and tag retention in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. In experiment 1, 40 fish (205–281 mm total length [TL], 106–264 g) were implanted with Sonotronics IBT‐96–2 (23 × 7 mm; weight in air, 4.4 g; weight in water, 2.4 g) or IBT 96–2E (30 × 7 mm; weight in air, 4.9 g; weight in water, 2.4 g) ultrasonic telemetry tags. In experiment 2, 20 larger fish (342–405 mm TL; 520–844 g) were implanted with Sonotronics IBT‐96–5 ultrasonic tags (36 × 11 mm; weight in air, 9.1 g; weight in water, 4.1 g). The tag burdens for all implanted fish ranged from 1.1% to 3.4%, and fish in both studies were held at 10–15°C. At the conclusion of both experiments (65 d after surgery), no mortalities were observed in any of the 60 tagged fish, most incisions were completely healed, and all fish in both experiments grew in length, although tagged fish grew more slowly than control fish in experiment 1. In both experiments, fish sutured with silk expelled tags more frequently than those sutured with Monocryl. Expulsion was observed in 45–50% of the fish sutured with silk and 0–25% of the fish sutured with Monocryl. Tag expulsion was not observed until 25–35 d after surgery. Fish sutured with silk exhibited a more severe inflammatory response 3 weeks after surgery than those sutured with Monocryl. In experiment 1, the rate of expulsion was linked to the severity of inflammation. Although braided silk sutures were applied faster than Moncryl sutures in both experiments, knots tied with either material were equally reliable and fish sutured with Monocryl experienced less inflammation and lower rates of tag expulsion.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.651553","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Ivasauskas, T.J., Bettoli, P.W., and Holt, T., 2012, Effects of suture material and ultrasonic transmitter size on survival, growth, wound healing, and tag expulsion in rainbow trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 1, p. 100-106, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.651553.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-022301","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07eee4b0c8380cd518df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivasauskas, Tomas J.","contributorId":84176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivasauskas","given":"Tomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettoli, Phillip William pbettoli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettoli","given":"Phillip","email":"pbettoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holt, T.","contributorId":30469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holt","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044220,"text":"70044220 - 2012 - Monitoring oral temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) during capture and handling in the field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-28T09:25:23","indexId":"70044220","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":869,"text":"Aquatic Mammals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring oral temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) during capture and handling in the field","docAbstract":"West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) are captured, handled, and transported to facilitate conservation, research, and rehabilitation efforts. Monitoring manatee oral temperature (OT), heart rate (HR), and respiration rate (RR) during out-of-water handling can assist efforts to maintain animal well-being and improve medical response to evidence of declining health. To determine effects of capture on manatee vital signs, we monitored OT, HR, and RR continuously for a 50-min period in 38 healthy, awake, juvenile and adult Florida manatees (T. m. latirostris) and 48 similar Antillean manatees (T. m. manatus). We examined creatine kinase (CK), potassium (K+), serum amyloid A (SAA), and lactate values for each animal to assess possible systemic inflammation and muscular trauma. OT range was 29.5 to 36.2° C, HR range was 32 to 88 beats/min, and RR range was 0 to 17 breaths/5 min. Antillean manatees had higher initial OT, HR, and RR than Florida manatees (p < 0.001). As monitoring time progressed, mean differences between the subspecies were no longer significant. High RR over monitoring time was associated with high lactate concentration. Antillean manatees had higher overall lactate values ([mean ± SD] 20.6 ± 7.8 mmol/L) than Florida manatees (13.7 ± 6.7 mmol/L; p < 0.001). We recommend monitoring manatee OT, HR, and RR during capture and handling in the field or in a captive care setting.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Mammals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Association for Aquatic Mammals","doi":"10.1578/AM.38.1.2012.1","usgsCitation":"Wong, A.W., Bonde, R.K., Siegal-Willott, J., Stamper, M.A., Colee, J., Powell, J., Reid, J.P., Deutsch, C., and Harr, K.E., 2012, Monitoring oral temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) during capture and handling in the field: Aquatic Mammals, v. 38, no. 1, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.38.1.2012.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-025468","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268795,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.38.1.2012.1"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ceb061e4b044272b8e8932","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Arthur W.","contributorId":40110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siegal-Willott, Jessica","contributorId":73903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegal-Willott","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stamper, M. Andrew","contributorId":54457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamper","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Colee, James","contributorId":17511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colee","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Powell, James A.","contributorId":53514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reid, James P. 0000-0002-8497-1132 jreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":3460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"James","email":"jreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Deutsch, Charles J.","contributorId":64135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutsch","given":"Charles J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Harr, Kendal E.","contributorId":14114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harr","given":"Kendal","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70174110,"text":"70174110 - 2012 - Freshwater to seawater transitions in migratory fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T16:45:11","indexId":"70174110","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Freshwater to seawater transitions in migratory fishes","docAbstract":"The transition from freshwater to seawater is integral to the life history of many fishes. Diverse migratory fishes express anadromous, catadromous, and amphidromous life histories, while others make incomplete transits between freshwater and seawater. The physiological mechanisms of osmoregulation are widely conserved among phylogenetically diverse species. Diadromous fishes moving between freshwater and seawater develop osmoregulatory mechanisms for different environmental salinities. Freshwater to seawater transition involves hormonally mediated changes in gill ionocytes and the transport proteins associated with hypoosmoregulation, increased seawater ingestion and water absorption in the intestine, and reduced urinary water losses. Fishes attain salinity tolerance through early development, gradual acclimation, or environmentally or developmentally cued adaptations. This chapter describes adaptations in diverse taxa and the effects of salinity on growth. Identifying common strategies in diadromous fishes moving between freshwater and seawater will reveal the ecological and physiological basis for maintaining homeostasis in different salinities, and inform efforts to conserve and manage migratory euryhaline fishes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish Physiology","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-396951-4.00006-2","usgsCitation":"Zydlewski, J.D., and Michael P. Wilkie, 2012, Freshwater to seawater transitions in migratory fishes, chap. of Fish Physiology, p. 253-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396951-4.00006-2.","productDescription":"74 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"326","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037876","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315c0e4b006cb45558aa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael P. Wilkie","contributorId":172495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michael P. Wilkie","affiliations":[{"id":27055,"text":"Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Onatrio, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70032691,"text":"70032691 - 2012 - Increased atmospheric deposition of mercury in reference lakes near major urban areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T16:50:10.031699","indexId":"70032691","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased atmospheric deposition of mercury in reference lakes near major urban areas","docAbstract":"Atmospheric deposition of Hg is the predominant pathway for Hg to reach sensitive ecosystems, but the importance of emissions on near-field deposition remains unclear. To better understand spatial variability in Hg deposition, mercury concentrations were analyzed in sediment cores from 12 lakes with undeveloped watersheds near to (<50 km) and remote from (>150 km) several major urban areas in the United States. Background and focusing corrected Hg fluxes and flux ratios (modern to background) in the near-urban lakes (68 ± 6.9 μg m−2 yr−1 and 9.8 ± 4.8, respectively) greatly exceed those in the remote lakes (14 ± 9.3 μg m−2 yr−1 and 3.5 ± 1.0) and the fluxes are strongly related to distance from the nearest major urban area (r2 = 0.87) and to population and Hg emissions within 50–100 km of the lakes. Comparison to monitored wet deposition suggests that dry deposition is a major contributor of Hg to lakes near major urban areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2011.11.003","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., 2012, Increased atmospheric deposition of mercury in reference lakes near major urban areas: Environmental Pollution, v. 162, p. 209-215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.11.003.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"215","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213799,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.11.003"}],"country":"United 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However, the challenges to biofuel development are its effects on the environment, especially water quality. This study evaluates the long-term impacts of biofuel production alternatives (e.g., elevated corn stover removal rates and the potential land cover change) on an ecosystem with a focus on biomass production, soil erosion, water quantity and quality, and soil nitrate nitrogen concentration at the watershed scale. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was modified for setting land cover change scenarios and applied to the Iowa River Basin (a tributary of the Upper Mississippi River Basin). Results show that biomass production can be sustained with an increased stover removal rate as long as the crop demand for nutrients is met with appropriate fertilization. Although a drastic increase (4.7–70.6%) in sediment yield due to erosion and a slight decrease (1.2–3.2%) in water yield were estimated with the stover removal rate ranging between 40% and 100%, the nitrate nitrogen load declined about 6–10.1%. In comparison to growing corn, growing either switchgrass or miscanthus can reduce sediment erosion greatly. However, land cover changes from native grass to switchgrass or miscanthus would lead to a decrease in water yield and an increase in nitrate nitrogen load. In contrast to growing switchgrass, growing miscanthus is more productive in generating biomass, but its higher water demand may reduce water availability in the study area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biomass and Bioenergy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.030","issn":"09619534","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., and Liu, S., 2012, Impacts of biofuels production alternatives on water quantity and quality in the Iowa River Basin: Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 36, p. 182-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.030.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"191","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213600,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.030"},{"id":241244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa;Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Iowa River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.65,41.15 ], [ -93.65,43.966667 ], [ 91.016667,43.966667 ], [ 91.016667,41.15 ], [ -93.65,41.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38e2e4b0c8380cd6170f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Y.","contributorId":79312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032360,"text":"70032360 - 2012 - Evaluation of MODFLOW-LGR in connection with a synthetic regional-scale model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T18:21:27.250191","indexId":"70032360","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of MODFLOW-LGR in connection with a synthetic regional-scale model","docAbstract":"This work studies costs and benefits of utilizing local‐grid refinement (LGR) as implemented in MODFLOW‐LGR to simulate groundwater flow in a buried tunnel valley interacting with a regional aquifer. Two alternative LGR methods were used: the shared‐node (SN) method and the ghost‐node (GN) method. To conserve flows the SN method requires correction of sources and sinks in cells at the refined/coarse‐grid interface. We found that the optimal correction method is case dependent and difficult to identify in practice. However, the results showed little difference and suggest that identifying the optimal method was of minor importance in our case. The GN method does not require corrections at the models' interface, and it uses a simpler head interpolation scheme than the SN method. The simpler scheme is faster but less accurate so that more iterations may be necessary. However, the GN method solved our flow problem more efficiently than the SN method. The MODFLOW‐LGR results were compared with the results obtained using a globally coarse (GC) grid. The LGR simulations required one to two orders of magnitude longer run times than the GC model. However, the improvements of the numerical resolution around the buried valley substantially increased the accuracy of simulated heads and flows compared with the GC simulation. Accuracy further increased locally around the valley flanks when improving the geological resolution using the refined grid. Finally, comparing MODFLOW‐LGR simulation with a globally refined (GR) grid showed that the refinement proportion of the model should not exceed 10% to 15% in order to secure method efficiency.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00826.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Vilhelmsen, T., Christensen, S., and Mehl, S.W., 2012, Evaluation of MODFLOW-LGR in connection with a synthetic regional-scale model: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 1, p. 118-132, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00826.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"132","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213905,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00826.x"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c18e4b0c8380cd52a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vilhelmsen, T.N.","contributorId":54024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vilhelmsen","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, S.","contributorId":30387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mehl, Steffen W. swmehl@usgs.gov","contributorId":975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"Steffen","email":"swmehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":435775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039518,"text":"70039518 - 2012 - Elevated CO2 did not mitigate the effect of a short-term drought on biological soil crusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-30T16:26:00.227275","indexId":"70039518","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1030,"text":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Elevated CO2 did not mitigate the effect of a short-term drought on biological soil crusts","title":"Elevated CO2 did not mitigate the effect of a short-term drought on biological soil crusts","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are critical components of arid and semi-arid ecosystems that contribute significantly to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fixation, water retention, soil stability, and seedling recruitment. While dry-land ecosystems face a number of environmental changes, our understanding of how biocrusts may respond to such perturbation remains notably poor. To determine the effect that elevated CO2 may have on biocrust composition, cover, and function, we measured percent soil surface cover, effective quantum yield, and pigment concentrations of naturally occurring biocrusts growing in ambient and elevated CO2 at the desert study site in Nevada, USA, from spring 2005 through spring 2007. During the experiment, a year-long drought allowed us to explore the interacting effects that elevated CO2 and water availability may have on biocrust cover and function. We found that, regardless of CO2 treatment, precipitation was the major regulator of biocrust cover. Drought reduced moss and lichen cover to near-zero in both ambient and elevated CO2 plots, suggesting that elevated CO2 did not alleviate water stress or increase C fixation to levels sufficient to mitigate drought-induced reduction in cover. In line with this result, lichen quantum yield and soil cyanobacteria pigment concentrations appeared more strongly dependent upon recent precipitation than CO2 treatment, although we did find evidence that, when hydrated, elevated CO2 increased lichen C fixation potential. Thus, an increase in atmospheric CO2 may only benefit biocrusts if overall climate patterns shift to create a wetter soil environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00374-012-0673-6","usgsCitation":"Wertin, T.M., Phillips, S.L., Reed, S.C., and Belnap, J., 2012, Elevated CO2 did not mitigate the effect of a short-term drought on biological soil crusts: Biology and Fertility of Soils, v. 48, no. 7, p. 797-805, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-012-0673-6.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"797","endPage":"805","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08c5e4b0c8380cd51c77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wertin, Timothy M.","contributorId":28853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wertin","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Susan L.","contributorId":59285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}