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,{"id":51702,"text":"ofr54176 - 1954 - Progress report on studies of salt-water encroachment on Long Island, New York, 1953","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T08:29:09","indexId":"ofr54176","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-176","title":"Progress report on studies of salt-water encroachment on Long Island, New York, 1953","docAbstract":"<p>Nearly all the water used on Long Island, N. Y., is derived by wells from the thick and extensive water-bearing formations that underlie and compose the entire island. The unconsolidated deposits, consisting of sand, gravel, and clay, range in thickness from a few feet in northern Queens County to more than 2,000 feet in southern Suffolk County. Four main and relatively distinct aquifers, all interconnected hydraulically to a greater or lesser degree, have been recognized and delineated at least in a general way. They are, from younger to older, the upper Pleistocene deposits, in which the ground water is mainly unconfined, and three formations in which the water is generally confined - the Jameco gravel, of Pleistocene age, and the Magothy (?) formation and the Lloyd sand member of the Rartian formation, both of Lake Cretaceous age. Except for some artificial recharge, these aquifers are replenished entirely by infiltration of precipitation. Under natural conditions, the fresh water moves into and through the formations, discharging into the sea.</p>\n<br>\n<p>With the growth of population on Long Island and the continuously increasing use of water over the years, not only has the infiltration of precipitation been seriously impeded at places, but the withdrawals from the ground-water reservoir have increased markedly. These factors have upset the natural balance between the fresh surface and ground water of the island and the surrounding sea water, and with increased use of water will do so more and more, thus leading to salt-water encroachment. In a sense, the whole problem of utilization of ground water on Long Island is one of determining how much ground water can be withdrawn without serious salt-water encroachment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mineola, NY","doi":"10.3133/ofr54176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Works, New York State Water Power and Control Commission, Suffolk County Board of Supervisors, and the Suffolk County Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Lusczynski, N., and Upson, J., 1954, Progress report on studies of salt-water encroachment on Long Island, New York, 1953: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-176, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr54176.","productDescription":"7 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288723,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0176/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.0419,40.5418 ], [ -74.0419,41.1408 ], [ -71.8563,41.1408 ], [ -71.8563,40.5418 ], [ -74.0419,40.5418 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lusczynski, N.J.","contributorId":10779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusczynski","given":"N.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Upson, J. E.","contributorId":49342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upson","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":652,"text":"wsp1238 - 1954 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1952, Part V, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1238","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1238","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1952, Part V, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1238","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1954, Surface water supply of the United States, 1952, Part V, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1238, xii, 518 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1238.","productDescription":"xii, 518 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1238/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25215,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1238/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69649b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":51762,"text":"ofr54290 - 1954 - Geology of the proposed highway from Kitts Corner, West Greenwich, to a few hundred feet north of Bartons Corner, West Warwick, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:46","indexId":"ofr54290","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-290","title":"Geology of the proposed highway from Kitts Corner, West Greenwich, to a few hundred feet north of Bartons Corner, West Warwick, Rhode Island","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr54290","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.H., 1954, Geology of the proposed highway from Kitts Corner, West Greenwich, to a few hundred feet north of Bartons Corner, West Warwick, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-290, 6 p., 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr54290.","productDescription":"6 p., 1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0290/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86593,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0290/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86594,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0290/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J. Hiram","contributorId":82672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hiram","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44287,"text":"b1002C - 1954 - Geophysical abstracts 154, July-September 1953","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44287,"text":"b1002C - 1954 - Geophysical abstracts 154, July-September 1953","indexId":"b1002C","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Geophysical abstracts 154, July-September 1953"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33284,"text":"b1002 - 1954 - Geophysical abstracts, 152-155, January-December 1953","indexId":"b1002","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts, 152-155, January-December 1953"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33284,"text":"b1002 - 1954 - Geophysical abstracts, 152-155, January-December 1953","indexId":"b1002","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts, 152-155, January-December 1953"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-08T10:40:52","indexId":"b1002C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1002","chapter":"C","title":"Geophysical abstracts 154, July-September 1953","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical abstracts, 152-155, January-December 1953","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b1002C","usgsCitation":"Rabbitt, M., Vesselowsky, S., and and others, 1954, Geophysical abstracts 154, July-September 1953: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1002, p. 123-178, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1002C.","productDescription":"p. 123-178","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1002c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":81643,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1002c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c3d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rabbitt, M.C.","contributorId":54260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabbitt","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vesselowsky, S.T.","contributorId":78377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vesselowsky","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"and others","contributorId":127886,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"and others","id":531540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":47248,"text":"ofr54150 - 1954 - Generalized geologic map of Duke Island, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:10","indexId":"ofr54150","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-150","title":"Generalized geologic map of Duke Island, southeastern Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr54150","usgsCitation":"Koschmann, A.H., 1954, Generalized geologic map of Duke Island, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-150, 1 map; 46 x 61 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr54150.","productDescription":"1 map; 46 x 61 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":84217,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0150/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -131.5,54.833333333333336 ], [ -131.5,55 ], [ -131.16666666666666,55 ], [ -131.16666666666666,54.833333333333336 ], [ -131.5,54.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af5ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koschmann, Albert Herbert","contributorId":77525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koschmann","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"Herbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13430,"text":"ofr5473 - 1954 - Iron deposits of North America, Cuba, and Puerto Rico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13430,"text":"ofr5473 - 1954 - Iron deposits of North America, Cuba, and Puerto Rico","indexId":"ofr5473","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Iron deposits of North America, Cuba, and Puerto Rico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":47377,"text":"b1082C - 1959 - Iron-ore resources of the United States including Alaska and Puerto Rico, 1955","indexId":"b1082C","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Iron-ore resources of the United States including Alaska and Puerto Rico, 1955"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":47377,"text":"b1082C - 1959 - Iron-ore resources of the United States including Alaska and Puerto Rico, 1955","indexId":"b1082C","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Iron-ore resources of the United States including Alaska and Puerto Rico, 1955"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-30T14:37:22.915194","indexId":"ofr5473","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-73","title":"Iron deposits of North America, Cuba, and Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p>The accompanying report on the iron deposits of the North American continent also includes information concerning the deposits of the West Indies. The geogrphic order of desription is as follows: Alaska, Canada, United States, Mexico, Cuba, and Puerto Rico.</p><p>A map of each country shows the generalized geologic pattern of the area and the location for selected iron deposits. The descriptions of individual districts or deposits present, insofar as were found available, data on the geologic occurrence, shape, size, grade, and estimated reserves.</p><p>The term \"iron deposit\" is used as a general designation for occurrences in which iron-ore minerals or protors minerals are abundant; the deposit may or may not be commercially valuable at the present time. \"Iron ore\" and \"iron-ore deposit\" are restricted to minerals that are, or are likely to be, of value to industry.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5473","usgsCitation":"Dutton, C.E., 1954, Iron deposits of North America, Cuba, and Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-73, iii, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5473.","productDescription":"iii, 44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0073/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":486728,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0073/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Canada, Cuba, United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico, North America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -170.13041607163203,\n              52.600231000937015\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.70385838241458,\n              37.9406822826313\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.65249964950699,\n              11.753391998120804\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5843187133973,\n              17.099058572752128\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.282714397347306,\n              17.53202531689675\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.02020471519398,\n              30.338507640097845\n            ],\n            [\n              -48.73450088903155,\n              45.95628096889013\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.53556715748198,\n              69.82462038304507\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.28171752939653,\n              69.90929002756764\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.13041607163203,\n              52.600231000937015\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66730f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dutton, Carl E.","contributorId":27418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutton","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44276,"text":"b1022B - 1954 - Geophysical abstracts 157, April-June 1954","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44276,"text":"b1022B - 1954 - Geophysical abstracts 157, April-June 1954","indexId":"b1022B","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Geophysical abstracts 157, April-June 1954"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":40010,"text":"b1022 - 1955 - Geophysical abstracts 156-159 January-December 1954","indexId":"b1022","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 156-159 January-December 1954"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":40010,"text":"b1022 - 1955 - Geophysical abstracts 156-159 January-December 1954","indexId":"b1022","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 156-159 January-December 1954"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-08T14:00:18","indexId":"b1022B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1022","chapter":"B","title":"Geophysical abstracts 157, April-June 1954","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical abstracts 156-159 January-December 1954","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b1022B","usgsCitation":"Rabbitt, M., Vitaliano, D., Vesselowsky, S., and and others, 1954, Geophysical abstracts 157, April-June 1954: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1022, p. 71-133, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1022B.","productDescription":"p. 71-133","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":247718,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1022b/report.pdf","size":"4191","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1022b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c3ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rabbitt, M.C.","contributorId":54260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabbitt","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vitaliano, D.B.","contributorId":44161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitaliano","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vesselowsky, S.T.","contributorId":78377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vesselowsky","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"and others","contributorId":127886,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"and others","id":531534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":44285,"text":"b1002A - 1954 - Geophysical abstracts 152, January-March 1953","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44285,"text":"b1002A - 1954 - Geophysical abstracts 152, January-March 1953","indexId":"b1002A","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Geophysical abstracts 152, January-March 1953"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33284,"text":"b1002 - 1954 - Geophysical abstracts, 152-155, January-December 1953","indexId":"b1002","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts, 152-155, January-December 1953"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33284,"text":"b1002 - 1954 - Geophysical abstracts, 152-155, January-December 1953","indexId":"b1002","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts, 152-155, January-December 1953"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-08T10:41:22","indexId":"b1002A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1002","chapter":"A","title":"Geophysical abstracts 152, January-March 1953","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical abstracts, 152-155, January-December 1953","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b1002A","usgsCitation":"Rabbitt, M., Vesselowsky, S., and and others, 1954, Geophysical abstracts 152, January-March 1953: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1002, p. 1-61, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1002A.","productDescription":"p. 1-61","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1002a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":81641,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1002a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c3c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rabbitt, M.C.","contributorId":54260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabbitt","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vesselowsky, S.T.","contributorId":78377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vesselowsky","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"and others","contributorId":127886,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"and others","id":531538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44275,"text":"b1022A - 1954 - Geophysical abstracts 156, January-March 1954","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44275,"text":"b1022A - 1954 - Geophysical abstracts 156, January-March 1954","indexId":"b1022A","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Geophysical abstracts 156, January-March 1954"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":40010,"text":"b1022 - 1955 - Geophysical abstracts 156-159 January-December 1954","indexId":"b1022","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 156-159 January-December 1954"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":40010,"text":"b1022 - 1955 - Geophysical abstracts 156-159 January-December 1954","indexId":"b1022","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 156-159 January-December 1954"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-08T14:00:34","indexId":"b1022A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1022","chapter":"A","title":"Geophysical abstracts 156, January-March 1954","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical abstracts 156-159 January-December 1954","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b1022A","usgsCitation":"Rabbitt, M., Vitaliano, D., Vesselowsky, S., and and others, 1954, Geophysical abstracts 156, January-March 1954: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1022, p. 1-70, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1022A.","productDescription":"p. 1-70","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":252073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1022a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247717,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1022a/report.pdf","size":"4338","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c3aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rabbitt, M.C.","contributorId":54260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabbitt","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vitaliano, D.B.","contributorId":44161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitaliano","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vesselowsky, S.T.","contributorId":78377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vesselowsky","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"and others","contributorId":127886,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"and others","id":531533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":39730,"text":"pp264A - 1954 - Ostracoda from the Permian of the Glass Mountains, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:36","indexId":"pp264A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"264","chapter":"A","title":"Ostracoda from the Permian of the Glass Mountains, Texas","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp264A","usgsCitation":"Sohn, I.G., 1954, Ostracoda from the Permian of the Glass Mountains, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 264, p. 1-24, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp264A.","productDescription":"p. 1-24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0264a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67496,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0264a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a4f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sohn, I. G.","contributorId":70751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohn","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":51770,"text":"ofr54301 - 1954 - Ostracoda from well, shot hole, and outcrop samples in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, 1949","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:46","indexId":"ofr54301","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-301","title":"Ostracoda from well, shot hole, and outcrop samples in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, 1949","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr54301","usgsCitation":"Swain, F., 1954, Ostracoda from well, shot hole, and outcrop samples in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, 1949: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-301, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr54301.","productDescription":"75 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a529","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, F.M.","contributorId":44216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1798,"text":"wsp1294 - 1954 - Ground-water conditions in southwestern Langlade County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-05T09:08:48","indexId":"wsp1294","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1294","title":"Ground-water conditions in southwestern Langlade County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Glacial outwash sand and gravel deposits are the principal aquifer in southwestern Langlade County, Wis. The underlying bedrock of pre-Cambrian age contains little or no water. The source of ground water is local precipitation. Information was collected on more than 300 wells in the area. Movement of ground water is generally southward and locally toward streams. Discharge is by streams and subsurface flow. Fluctuations of water levels in wells show a close correlation with seasonal precipitation and with average precipitation over a period of years. Pumping tests made at the city of Antigo's well field gave a coefficient of transmissibility of 62,000 gpd per ft and a coefficient of storage of 0.15 for the outwash deposits. It is estimated that recharge to a 90-squaremile area of the Antigo flats averages about 30,000 acre-feet per year. Of the 1,100 acrefeet pumped from wells in 1948, 69 percent was for municipal supply, 26 percent for rural supply, and 5 percent for irrigation. Use of water for irrigation has caused no measurable decline of water levels in the area as a whole.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1294","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Harder, A.H., and Drescher, W.J., 1954, Ground-water conditions in southwestern Langlade County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1294, Report: iv, 39 p.; 1 Plate: 16.00 x 14.38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1294.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 39 p.; 1 Plate: 16.00 x 14.38 inches","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26952,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1294/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1294/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26951,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1294/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Langlade County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.0467,45.4668],[-88.9233,45.4659],[-88.9251,45.4014],[-88.9265,45.3909],[-88.9259,45.3799],[-88.802,45.3775],[-88.754,45.3782],[-88.7196,45.3784],[-88.6781,45.3787],[-88.6783,45.3654],[-88.6784,45.3554],[-88.6791,45.2946],[-88.6802,45.2051],[-88.6395,45.2048],[-88.6399,45.1171],[-88.6574,45.1172],[-88.6826,45.1174],[-88.7343,45.1172],[-88.8118,45.1177],[-88.8623,45.1175],[-88.9301,45.1182],[-88.9818,45.118],[-88.9812,45.0299],[-89.1019,45.0293],[-89.2239,45.0297],[-89.2242,45.1187],[-89.3024,45.1184],[-89.3457,45.1184],[-89.4258,45.1189],[-89.4257,45.2057],[-89.4256,45.293],[-89.4268,45.3802],[-89.4274,45.4707],[-89.3013,45.4692],[-89.174,45.4681],[-89.0467,45.4668]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Langlade\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harder, Alfred Harry","contributorId":8824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harder","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"Harry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drescher, William James","contributorId":95448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drescher","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":144174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":51789,"text":"ofr54323 - 1954 - Logs of test holes and wells in the Central Snake River Plain, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:17","indexId":"ofr54323","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-323","title":"Logs of test holes and wells in the Central Snake River Plain, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr54323","usgsCitation":"Voegeli, P., and Crow, N., 1954, Logs of test holes and wells in the Central Snake River Plain, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-323, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr54323.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0323/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86595,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0323/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86596,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0323/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63cc80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voegeli, P.T.","contributorId":85581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voegeli","given":"P.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crow, N.B.","contributorId":108180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":51792,"text":"ofr54327 - 1954 - Magnetic survey of part of Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 by airborne magnetometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:17","indexId":"ofr54327","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-327","title":"Magnetic survey of part of Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 by airborne magnetometer","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr54327","usgsCitation":"Walton, M.S., Rossman, D.L., Hill, M.E., and Balsey, J., 1954, Magnetic survey of part of Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 by airborne magnetometer: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-327, 26 p., 4 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr54327.","productDescription":"26 p., 4 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db649227","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walton, M. S. Jr.","contributorId":14040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rossman, Darwin L.","contributorId":94663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossman","given":"Darwin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, M. E.","contributorId":49330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Balsey, J.R. Jr.","contributorId":72856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balsey","given":"J.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":51708,"text":"ofr54182 - 1954 - Stratigraphy and structure of the Etivluk and Kuna Rivers area, Alaska, 1950","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:14","indexId":"ofr54182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-182","title":"Stratigraphy and structure of the Etivluk and Kuna Rivers area, Alaska, 1950","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr54182","usgsCitation":"Mangus, M.D., Detterman, R.L., Lachenbruch, M., and Lachenbruch, A., 1954, Stratigraphy and structure of the Etivluk and Kuna Rivers area, Alaska, 1950: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-182, 15 p., 3 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr54182.","productDescription":"15 p., 3 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a830e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangus, M. D.","contributorId":89522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangus","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Detterman, R. L.","contributorId":71525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lachenbruch, M.C. Jr.","contributorId":74064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"M.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":12714,"text":"ofr53287 - 1954 - Determination of readily soluble copper, zinc, and lead in soils and rocks; nitric acid extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-30T14:35:39.644369","indexId":"ofr53287","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-287","title":"Determination of readily soluble copper, zinc, and lead in soils and rocks; nitric acid extraction","docAbstract":"<p>Procedures for the determination of copper, lead and zinc are described by Almond and Morris (1951); Lakin, Stevens and Almond (1949); and Lovering, Herf and Almond (1950). They are also summarized in U.S. Geological Survey Circular 161.</p><p>In the procedure given below, a simple attack or the sample with 1+3 nitric acid serves to effect adequate solution of the heavy metals for purposes of geochemical prospecting. Copper, lead, and zinc may be determined on a single sample solution prepared in this way. About 30 samples can be analyzed daily for the constituents.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr53287","usgsCitation":"Bloom, H., and Crowe, H., 1954, Determination of readily soluble copper, zinc, and lead in soils and rocks; nitric acid extraction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-287, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53287.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0287/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":486724,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0287/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66769c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bloom, Harold","contributorId":28964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloom","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowe, H.E.","contributorId":61826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowe","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12514,"text":"ofr5414 - 1954 - Fusion of arkosic sand by intrusive andesite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:46","indexId":"ofr5414","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-14","title":"Fusion of arkosic sand by intrusive andesite","docAbstract":"An andesite dike in the Valles Mountains of northern New Mexico has intruded and partly fused arkosic sediments for a distance of 50 feet from its contacts. The dike is semi-circular in form, has a maximum width of about 100 feet, and is about 500 feet long. Small associated arcuate dikes are arranged in spiral fashion around the main dike, suggesting that they were intruded along shear fractures similar to those described by Burbank (1941). The fused rocks surrounding the andesite dike are of three general types: 1) partly fused arkosic sand, 2) fused clay, and 3) hybrid rocks. The fused arkosic sand consists of relict detrital grains of quartz, orthoclose, and plagioclase, imbedded in colorless glass containing microlites of tridymite, cordierite, and magnetite. The relict quartz grains are corroded and embayed by glass; the orthoclase is sanidinized and partly fused; and the plagioclase is inverted to the high temperature form and is partly fused. The fused clay, which was originally a mixture of montmorillonite and hydromica, consists primarily of cordierite but also contains needle-like crystals of sillimanite (?) or mullite (?). The hybrid rocks originated in part by intermixing of fused arkosic sediments and andesitic liquid and in part by diffusion of mafic constituents through the fused sediments. They are rich in cordierite and magnetite and also contain hypersthene, augite, and plagioclase. The composition of pigeonite in the andesite indicates that the temperature of the andesite at the time of intrusion probably did not exceed 1200?C. Samples of arkosic sand were fused in the presence of water in a Morey bomb at 1050?C. Stability relations of certain minerals in the fused sand suggest that fusion may have taken place at a lower temperature, however, and the fluxing action of volatiles from the andesite are thought to have made this possible.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr5414","usgsCitation":"Bailey, R.A., 1954, Fusion of arkosic sand by intrusive andesite: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-14, 87 p. ill. (3 folded, col.) ;30 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5414.","productDescription":"87 p. ill. (3 folded, col.) ;30 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0014/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40757,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4276","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Roy A.","contributorId":42576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}