The Lake Valley district was originally developed as a manganese-silver district, but the known silver-bearing ore bodies have long since been worked out. The critical shortage of manganese during World War II renewed interest in the manganese deposits; from October 1941 through June 1942 the U. S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines conducted a cooperative exploration program in the district. This exploration demonstrated that the Lake Valley district contained about 175,000 tons of ore; approximately 37,000 tons has subsequently been mined. The present reserves are estimated to be approximately 140,000 tones of ore with a manganese content of more than 10 percent and an average content of 16.4 percent; about 75,000 tons of the ore has manganese content of more than 15 percent and an average content of 20.7 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf9","usgsCitation":"Creasey, S., and Granger, A., 1953, Geologic map of Lake Valley manganese district, Sierra County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 9, 45.65 x 30.73 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf9.","productDescription":"45.65 x 30.73 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358559,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0009/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"2400","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Sierra County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5675,32.71666666666667 ], [ -107.5675,32.717777777777776 ], [ -107.55083333333333,32.717777777777776 ], [ -107.55083333333333,32.71666666666667 ], [ -107.5675,32.71666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a30a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Creasey, S.C.","contributorId":36109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creasey","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granger, A.E.","contributorId":47457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granger","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4095,"text":"cir295 - 1953 - Irrigation-well development in the Kansas River basin of eastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:39","indexId":"cir295","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"295","title":"Irrigation-well development in the Kansas River basin of eastern Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir295","usgsCitation":"Cardwell, W.D., 1953, Irrigation-well development in the Kansas River basin of eastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 295, iii, 72 p. :ill., maps (3 folded) ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir295.","productDescription":"iii, 72 p. :ill., maps (3 folded) ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0295/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31195,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0295/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":31196,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0295/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":31197,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0295/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":31198,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0295/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":31199,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0295/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9fe4b07f02db661740","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cardwell, W. D. E.","contributorId":69120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardwell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4189,"text":"cir293 - 1953 - Coal resources of the United States (a progress report, October 1, 1953)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-14T14:02:59","indexId":"cir293","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"293","title":"Coal resources of the United States (a progress report, October 1, 1953)","docAbstract":"As estimated in this second progress report, the coal reserves of the United States remaining in the ground on January 1, 1953, total 1,899,739 million tons. This figure is about a 20 percent reduction of the total estimate published in the first progress report (Averitt and Berryhill, 1950). The new total is based on new, detailed, conservative estimates of reserves in Indiana, Michigan, Montana, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Dakota, Virginia, and Wyoming, prepared since 1947 by the U. S. Geological Survey; on new provisional, but equally conservative estimates of reserves in Colorado, Maryland, and Georgia, based on previous work of the U. S. Geological Survey and other agencies; on estimates of reserves in Illinois, Kansas, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, prepared by the geological surveys of those States; and on older and incompletely documented estimates for the remaining states.
The older estimates were prepared on a highly generalized basis and were intended to represent total possible reserves in both thick and thin beds and under both light and heavy overburden. The recent estimates have been prepared on a more conservative basis than the older estimates and tend to be considerably smaller. New conservative estimates have now been prepared for 16 coal-bearing States, which include about two-thirds of the total estimated reserves of the United States. As new estimates are prepared for the remaining States a further reduction of the total reserve figure is in prospect, though the reserves still will be large.
The estimated recoverable reserves of the United States as of January 1, 1953, total 949,870 million tons, based on the assumption that half of the coal reserves in the ground will be lost in mining, and half will be recovered. The distribution of the remaining and recoverable reserves by rank is shown in the accompanying table.
The reserves in 10 States have been classified in considerable detail according to thickness of beds, thickness of overburden, and relative abundance of reliable information available for making estimates. In these States, which are representative of several coal provinces, and contain about 40 percent of the total reserves, and are thus typical of the United States as a whole, 5 percent of the total is measured reserves in beds 28 inches or more thick, and less than 1,000 feet below the surface; and 20 percent is indicated reserves within the same limit of thickness and less than 2,000 feet below the surface. The remaining 75 percent is inferred reserves, reserves in thin beds, and reserves 2,000 to 3,000 feet below the surface.
The large percentage of inferred reserves obviously includes some coal in thick beds, which for lack of detailed information cannot be appraised quantitatively. Although accurately based on the data now available, the distribution percentages are subject to considerable change as new work is completed, particularly in the transfer of reserves from the indicated and inferred categories to the measured category. The figures serve, however, to indicate the present state of knowledge of the Nation's coal reserves, and they point to the need for additional geologic mapping and exploration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir293","usgsCitation":"Averitt, P., Berryhill, L.R., and Taylor, D.A., 1953, Coal resources of the United States (a progress report, October 1, 1953): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 293, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir293.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0293/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31303,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0293/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aee31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Averitt, Paul","contributorId":12464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averitt","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berryhill, Louise R.","contributorId":37727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berryhill","given":"Louise","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Dorothy A.","contributorId":32912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4083,"text":"cir275 - 1953 - Occurrence and development of ground water in permafrost regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:32","indexId":"cir275","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"275","title":"Occurrence and development of ground water in permafrost regions","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir275","usgsCitation":"Cederstrom, D.J., Johnston, P.M., and Subitzky, S., 1953, Occurrence and development of ground water in permafrost regions: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 275, iii, 49 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir275.","productDescription":"iii, 49 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0275/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31180,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0275/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69637e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederstrom, Dagfin John","contributorId":90287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederstrom","given":"Dagfin","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, Paul McKelvey","contributorId":8828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"McKelvey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Subitzky, Seymour","contributorId":99111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Subitzky","given":"Seymour","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":51319,"text":"ofr53153 - 1953 - Topography of the pre-Pleistocene bedrock surface, Souris River area, North Dakota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51319,"text":"ofr53153 - 1953 - Topography of the pre-Pleistocene bedrock surface, Souris River area, North Dakota","indexId":"ofr53153","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Topography of the pre-Pleistocene bedrock surface, Souris River area, North Dakota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39047,"text":"pp325 - 1960 - Geology of the Souris River area, North Dakota","indexId":"pp325","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Souris River area, North Dakota"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":39047,"text":"pp325 - 1960 - Geology of the Souris River area, North Dakota","indexId":"pp325","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Souris River area, North Dakota"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-08T14:47:17.065886","indexId":"ofr53153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-153","title":"Topography of the pre-Pleistocene bedrock surface, Souris River area, North Dakota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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W.","contributorId":92319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3763,"text":"cir215 - 1953 - Uranium in the metal-mining districts of Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-23T22:01:22.62147","indexId":"cir215","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"215","title":"Uranium in the metal-mining districts of Colorado","docAbstract":"Many varieties of abnormally radioactive rocks and ores have been found in Colorado as a result of more than eight years of geologic studies by the U. S. Geological Survey, but only a small proportion of these contain uranium in sufficient quantities to be of possible commercial interest.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir215","usgsCitation":"King, R.U., Leonard, B.F., Moore, F.B., and Pierson, C.T., 1953, Uranium in the metal-mining districts of Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 215, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir215.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30827,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0215/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0215/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":407329,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23678.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 37.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4786e4b07f02db4851d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Robert Ugstad","contributorId":45696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Ugstad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leonard, B. 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T.","contributorId":57055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":3951,"text":"cir273 - 1953 - Water resources of the Kansas City area, Missouri and Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"cir273","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"273","title":"Water resources of the Kansas City area, Missouri and Kansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir273","usgsCitation":"Fishel, V.C., Searcy, J., and Rainwater, F.H., 1953, Water resources of the Kansas City area, Missouri and Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 273, iv, 52 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir273.","productDescription":"iv, 52 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0273/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31036,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0273/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":31037,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0273/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":31038,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0273/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishel, Vinton Crews","contributorId":27847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishel","given":"Vinton","email":"","middleInitial":"Crews","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Searcy, J.K.","contributorId":57056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Searcy","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rainwater, F. H.","contributorId":41402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rainwater","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":3948,"text":"cir285 - 1953 - Recent estimates of the abundances of the elements in the earth's crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"cir285","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"285","title":"Recent estimates of the abundances of the elements in the earth's crust","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir285","usgsCitation":"Fleischer, M., 1953, Recent estimates of the abundances of the elements in the earth's crust: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 285, 7 p. :diagrs., tables ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir285.","productDescription":"7 p. :diagrs., tables ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0285/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31033,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0285/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648561","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleischer, Michael","contributorId":65835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13025,"text":"ofr5337 - 1953 - Pre-Cambrian geology of the Norway Lake area, Dickinson County, Michigan","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13025,"text":"ofr5337 - 1953 - Pre-Cambrian geology of the Norway Lake area, Dickinson County, Michigan","indexId":"ofr5337","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Pre-Cambrian geology of the Norway Lake area, Dickinson County, Michigan"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39115,"text":"pp310 - 1961 - Geology of central Dickinson County, Michigan","indexId":"pp310","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of central Dickinson County, Michigan"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":39115,"text":"pp310 - 1961 - Geology of central Dickinson County, Michigan","indexId":"pp310","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of central Dickinson County, Michigan"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-20T15:39:52.951017","indexId":"ofr5337","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-37","title":"Pre-Cambrian geology of the Norway Lake area, Dickinson County, Michigan","docAbstract":"The Norway Lake area straddles the south margin of the Sagola basin, an embayment of Ruronian sedimentary rocks into the west side of a complex of crystalline and sedimentary rocks of pre-Ruronian age. The north part of the Norway Lake area is underlain by the Randville dolomite, an unnamed succession of slates, Vulcan iron-formation, and interbedded slates and graywackes of the Sagola basin. The Sturgeon quartzite has not been definitely recognized in the Norway Lake area. The Handville dolomite is more than 800 feet thick and can be subdivided into upper and lower dolomite members separated by a slate member. The Vulcan iron-formation and the footwall slates are exposed only in the Deerhunt exploration. A thick section of red and gray slates with interbedded graywacke, of probable Upper Huronian age, underlies the northwest part of the mapped area. The south part of the Norway Lake area is underlain by granite gneiss, an arkose series, and schists, all of pre-Huronian age.
The principal structural elements of the Norway Lake area are high angle faults, and such faults form most of the boundary between Huronian and pre-Huronian rocks in the area. The structure of the Huronian rocks. particularly in the vicinity of the Deerhunt exploration, cannot be determined with certainty on the basis of information now available. Magnetic anomalies were found to be associated with the slate member of the Randville dolomite, basalt interbedded with the arkose series, and a magnetite-bearing member in hornblende schist.
It is possible that economic deposits of iron ore occur within the mapped area. However, exploration will be tedious and costly because of the structural complexity of the area and the paucity of exposures. Furthermore, the absence of strong magnetic anomalies, such as typically are present in areas known to be underlain by Vulcan iron-formation, suggests that the iron-formation is not present in abundance; in fact, it may be limited to the immediate vicinity of the Deerhunt exploration.
Field mapping and petrographic examination do not provide data to determine whether the granite gneiss formed from a magma. Chemical analysis of one sample suggests that it was formed from rocks of the earth's crust rather than by fractional crystallization of a basaltic magma.
The original feldspars of the granite gneiss were probably anorthoclase and analbite. During uplift and denudation these were changed to microcline microperthite and albite. These feldspars were contributed to the arkose series. During regional metamorphism of the granite gneiss and arkose replacement type microperthite and secondary perthite were formed, probably by redistribution of feldspars already present tither than by metasomatism.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5337","collaboration":"Prepared with the cooperation of Geological Survey Division Michigan Department of Conservation","usgsCitation":"Clark, L.D., 1953, Pre-Cambrian geology of the Norway Lake area, Dickinson County, Michigan (Superceded by: P-310): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-37, Report: viii, 63 p.; 3 Plates: 48.61 x 18.04 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5337.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 63 p.; 3 Plates: 48.61 x 18.04 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0037/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":465396,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0037/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465397,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0037/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465398,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0037/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465399,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0037/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Norway Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.70774798791976,\n 46.427449588878034\n ],\n [\n -88.70774798791976,\n 46.40114703982681\n ],\n [\n -88.6676931895693,\n 46.40114703982681\n ],\n [\n -88.6676931895693,\n 46.427449588878034\n ],\n [\n -88.70774798791976,\n 46.427449588878034\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Superceded by: P-310","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db681312","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Lorin Delbert","contributorId":44144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Lorin","email":"","middleInitial":"Delbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15253,"text":"ofr53200 - 1953 - Spotted Horse coal field, Sheridan and Campbell Counties, Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15253,"text":"ofr53200 - 1953 - Spotted Horse coal field, Sheridan and Campbell Counties, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr53200","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Spotted Horse coal field, Sheridan and Campbell Counties, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35394,"text":"b1050 - 1957 - The Spotted Horse coalfield, Sheridan and Campbell Counties, Wyoming","indexId":"b1050","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"The Spotted Horse coalfield, Sheridan and Campbell Counties, Wyoming"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":35394,"text":"b1050 - 1957 - The Spotted Horse coalfield, Sheridan and Campbell Counties, Wyoming","indexId":"b1050","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"The Spotted Horse coalfield, Sheridan and Campbell Counties, Wyoming"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-29T17:26:38.446246","indexId":"ofr53200","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-200","title":"Spotted Horse coal field, Sheridan and Campbell Counties, Wyoming","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr53200","usgsCitation":"Olive, W.W., 1953, Spotted Horse coal field, Sheridan and Campbell Counties, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-200, Report: 77 p.; 8 Plates: 71.70 x 38.28 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53200.","productDescription":"Report: 77 p.; 8 Plates: 71.70 x 38.28 inches or 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formations of Greenland and Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70042910,"text":"70042910 - 1954 - Correlation of the cretaceous formations of Greenland and Alaska","indexId":"70042910","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Correlation of the cretaceous formations of Greenland and Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-14T19:14:02.39316","indexId":"ofr53135","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-135","title":"Correlation of the Cretaceous formations of Greenland and Alaska","docAbstract":"This is Number 10d of a series of correlation charts prepared for the Committee on Stratigraphy of the National Research Council. It has been sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey and has required about seven months' time of both authors gathering and compiling data and evaluating fossil evidence. As the two regions dealt with in the chart are widely separated, the lists of references are also given separately. The annotations dealing with Greenland are based entirely on published information. The annotations dealing with Alaska are based on a re-examination of nearly all the Cretaceous fossils from Alaska are based on a re-examination of nearly all the Cretaceous fossils from Alaska in the collections of the Geological Survey. This has resulted in many concepts not hitherto published and in some concepts that are completely at variance with those that have been published. Naturally for large areas undergoing active exploration, such as Alaska, a correlation chart is out of date in many particulars as soon as published. Nevertheless it is valuable to the field man whose activities are confined to small areas but who must interpret much of his data in terms of surrounding areas that he has not seen. It is valuable to the student and to the general geologist because it organizes scattered information in a manner that can be applied in their field problems, makes quite unnecessary the memorization of stratigraphic correlations are based on observation and reasoning and not on a vast memory. It is probably of greatest value to the specialist who makes the chart because he discovers what areas and problems are most in need of research and can thereby direct his efforts and those of his associates in a manner that will yield the greatest results.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr53135","usgsCitation":"Imlay, R.W., and Reeside, J.B., 1953, Correlation of the Cretaceous formations of Greenland and Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-135, Report: 41 p.; 1 Plate: 93.78 x 31.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53135.","productDescription":"Report: 41 p.; 1 Plate: 93.78 x 31.01 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Ralph Willard","contributorId":19155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imlay","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"Willard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reeside, John B. Jr.","contributorId":98299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeside","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":62126,"text":"gq25 - 1953 - Geology of the Galice quadrangle, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:30","indexId":"gq25","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"25","title":"Geology of the Galice quadrangle, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq25","usgsCitation":"Wells, F.G., and Walker, G.W., 1953, Geology of the Galice quadrangle, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 25, 1 map :col. ;45 x 33 cm. on sheet 76 x 128 cm., folded to 76 x 64 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq25.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;45 x 33 cm. on sheet 76 x 128 cm., folded to 76 x 64 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":102254,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_703.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"703"},{"id":183374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.75,42.5 ], [ -123.75,42.75 ], [ -123.5,42.75 ], [ -123.5,42.5 ], [ -123.75,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Francis Gerritt","contributorId":38628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"Gerritt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, George Walton","contributorId":14801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Walton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3656,"text":"cir210 - 1953 - Stratigraphic sections of the Phosphoria Formation in Wyoming, 1947-48","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"cir210","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"210","title":"Stratigraphic sections of the Phosphoria Formation in Wyoming, 1947-48","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir210","usgsCitation":"McKelvey, V., Smith, L., Hoppin, R., and Armstrong, F., 1953, Stratigraphic sections of the Phosphoria Formation in Wyoming, 1947-48: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 210, 33 p. :ill., map ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir210.","productDescription":"33 p. :ill., map ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0210/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30697,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0210/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae698","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKelvey, V.E.","contributorId":85161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKelvey","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, L.E.","contributorId":102059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoppin, R.A.","contributorId":82682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoppin","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Armstrong, F.C.","contributorId":32140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":45721,"text":"pp243E - 1953 - Mollusks from the Pepper shale member of the Woodbine formation, McLennan County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:53","indexId":"pp243E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"243","chapter":"E","title":"Mollusks from the Pepper shale member of the Woodbine formation, McLennan County, Texas","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Shorter contributions to general geology, 1952","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp243E","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, L.W., 1953, Mollusks from the Pepper shale member of the Woodbine formation, McLennan County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 243, p. 57-67, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp243E.","productDescription":"p. 57-67","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0243e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":82304,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0243e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699279","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, L. W.","contributorId":70349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":62659,"text":"gq31 - 1953 - Geology of the Velva quadrangle, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:01","indexId":"gq31","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"31","title":"Geology of the Velva quadrangle, North Dakota","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq31","usgsCitation":"Lemke, R.W., 1953, Geology of the Velva quadrangle, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 31, 1 map :col. ;45 x 30 cm. on sheet 76 x 128 cm., folded to 76 x 64 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq31.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;45 x 30 cm. on sheet 76 x 128 cm., folded to 76 x 64 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":102321,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_770.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"770"},{"id":248817,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0031/report.pdf","size":"127","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0031/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101,48 ], [ -101,48.25 ], [ -100.75,48.25 ], [ -100.75,48 ], [ -101,48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemke, Richard Walter","contributorId":105280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":267681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15897,"text":"ofr53245 - 1953 - Marine geology of the Near Islands Shelf, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:11","indexId":"ofr53245","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-245","title":"Marine geology of the Near Islands Shelf, Alaska","docAbstract":"During the summer of 1950 on the insular shelf surrounding the Near Islands, Alaska, 193 oceanographic stations were occupied from aboard the U. S. Geological Survey vessel EIDER. Bottom character and temperature observations were made at these stations. The composition and size distribution characteristics of the bottom samples have been determined. Components of terrigenous origin are angular to subangular sand and silt and angular to well rounded granules, pebbles, and cobbles, all composed of little-altered fragments of the fine grained insular rocks. Components of marine origin are the skeletons of Foraminifera, diatoms, and sponges and the broken shells of a few species of mollusks and of one echinoid species. A chart, based also on the study of approximately 600 USC&GS bottom notations, was prepared to show the distribution of these components of the sediments. Bed rock is exposed on most of the shelf; where sediment occurs terrigenous components are generally most important near shore, whereas marine components are more important seaward of the islands. Studies of the Foraminifera fauna and the diatom flora (identified by K. E. Lohman) and the few mollusks of quantitative importance show these organisms to be forms characteristic of cold or deep water or occurring in a wide range of temperature conditions. The Foraminifera exhibit depth zonation which seems to be controlled in part by temperature and in part by depth or some other variable which is a function of depth. Sphericity and roundness studies made on pebbles from the shelf, the beaches, and the fluvio-glacial deposits together with shelf topographic features and Foraminifera from sediment deposited before ice wastage was complete suggest the shelf was not subjected to prolonged surf action during the post-glacial rise of sea level. \r\n\r\nTo aid in interpreting the sediments and their distribution several subaerial and marine environmental factors were investigated. Those factors found to be of most importance in determining sediment character and distribution are recent geologic history, nature of terrigenous source material, temperature, topography, rainfall, size of source area, history of the water mass, waves, and currents. The data derived from this study show the importance of climate as an important variable in determining sediment character and distribution in the Near Islands.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr53245","usgsCitation":"Scruton, P.C., 1953, Marine geology of the Near Islands Shelf, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-245, 200 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53245.","productDescription":"200 p","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0245/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44875,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0245/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44876,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0245/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44877,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0245/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606cfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scruton, Philip Challacombe","contributorId":87965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scruton","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"Challacombe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39178,"text":"pp249A - 1953 - Callovian (Jurassic) ammonites from the United States and Alaska; Part 1, Western interior United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:55","indexId":"pp249A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"249","chapter":"A","title":"Callovian (Jurassic) ammonites from the United States and Alaska; Part 1, Western interior United States","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp249A","usgsCitation":"Imlay, R.W., 1953, Callovian (Jurassic) ammonites from the United States and Alaska; Part 1, Western interior United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 249, p. 1-39, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp249A.","productDescription":"p. 1-39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0249a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":66720,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0249a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imlay, R. 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