{"pageNumber":"703","pageRowStart":"17550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184582,"records":[{"id":70202192,"text":"sir20175037 - 2019 - Methods for estimating regional coefficient of skewness for unregulated streams in New England, based on data through water year 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-23T16:05:31.669203","indexId":"sir20175037","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-13T10:26:37","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5037","displayTitle":"Methods for Estimating Regional Coefficient of Skewness for Unregulated Streams in New England, Based on Data Through Water Year 2011","title":"Methods for estimating regional coefficient of skewness for unregulated streams in New England, based on data through water year 2011","docAbstract":"<p>The magnitude of annual exceedance probability floods is greatly affected by the coefficient of skewness (skew) of the annual peak flows at a streamgage. Standard flood frequency methods recommend weighting the station skew with a regional skew to better represent regional and stable conditions. This study presents an updated analysis of a regional skew for New England developed using a robust Bayesian weighted and generalized least squares regression model. Nineteen explanatory variables for 153 streamgages were tested in the regression analysis, but none were statistically significant and, as a result, a constant model was selected to define the regional skew for New England. The constant model for the New England region has, in log units, a skew of 0.37, a model error variance of 0.13, and an average variance of prediction at a new site of 0.14. An assessment of the selected regional skew model was conducted using a Monte Carlo analysis. The Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the perceived pattern in the station skews among the 153 streamgages is an artifact of the sample variability and the covariance structure of the errors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175037","usgsCitation":"Veilleux, A.G., Zariello, P.J., Hodgkins, G.A., Ahearn, E.A., Olson, S.A., and Cohn, T.A., 2019, Methods for estimating regional coefficient of skewness for unregulated streams in New England, based on data through water year 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5037, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175037.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 29 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071009","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367392,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MC98OM","linkHelpText":"Annual peak-flow data and PeakFQ output files for selected streamflow gaging stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in the New England region that were used to estimate regional skewness of annual peak flows"},{"id":367390,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5037/sir20175037.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5037"},{"id":367389,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5037/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.90673828125,\n              44.84808025602074\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.82958984375,\n              46.042735653846506\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.78564453125,\n              47.07012182383309\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.345947265625,\n              47.4057852900587\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.93920898437499,\n              47.2270293988673\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.027099609375,\n              47.44294999517949\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.224853515625,\n              47.45780853075031\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.98291015625,\n              46.77749276376827\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.301513671875,\n              46.210249600187225\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.400390625,\n              45.79816953017265\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.86181640625,\n              45.413876460821086\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.16943359375,\n              45.3444241045224\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.575927734375,\n              45.01141864227728\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.24560546875,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.256591796875,\n              40.53050177574321\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.13623046875,\n              40.90520969727358\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.499267578125,\n              41.86956082699455\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.72998046875,\n              42.22851735620852\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.850830078125,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.59814453125,\n              42.65012181368022\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.77392578125,\n              42.94838139765314\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.169677734375,\n              43.69965122967144\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.6533203125,\n              43.75522505306928\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.90673828125,\n              44.84808025602074\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director,<br>Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division<br><a data-mce-href=\"https://usgs.gov/\" href=\"https://usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>MS 415 National Center<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>Reston, VA 20192</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Purpose and Scope</li><li>Study Area</li><li>Streamgage Data for Regional Skew Analysis</li><li>Analytical Methods To Generate Regional Skew</li><li>Data Analysis</li><li>Regression Analyses</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1. Assessment of New England Regional Skew Constant Model Through Monte Carlo Realizations&nbsp; &nbsp;</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2019-09-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veilleux, Andrea G. 0000-0002-8742-4660 aveilleux@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8742-4660","contributorId":203278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veilleux","given":"Andrea","email":"aveilleux@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ahearn, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-5633-2640 eaahearn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-2640","contributorId":194658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahearn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eaahearn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":757171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":210173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":213234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70205626,"text":"70205626 - 2019 - Informing sea turtle outreach efforts to maximize effectiveness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-02T16:19:59","indexId":"70205626","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-13T10:19:37","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Informing sea turtle outreach efforts to maximize effectiveness","docAbstract":"Most sea turtle (Cheloniidae) species worldwide are endangered or threatened, with threats causing harm to sea turtles predominantly human‐induced. Thus, prevention of further declines to these imperiled species will require alteration of human behaviors. Regulations, incentives, and environmental education are 3 strategies that could be used to alter human behavior. Our goal was to determine how to maximize effectiveness of one of these strategies—education efforts. We investigated knowledge deficiencies and light pollution behaviors of individuals living in a region with nesting sea turtles, in an effort to determine the best approach to promote sea turtle conservation. During 2014, we mailed a survey to 3,000 property owners in 4 coastal counties in Florida, USA, to achieve 3 objectives: assess what topic areas were misunderstood; discern who had knowledge deficiencies; and determine who had adopted turtle‐friendly lighting practices. The best predictors of knowledge included geographic factors (county, proximity of residences to the beach), demographic characteristics (age), and behaviors (individual's beach visitation rates). One practice that can reduce harm to sea turtles was common: use of window treatments to reduce light pollution. However, other practices harmful to sea turtles were prevalent, including long durations of use of outdoor lighting and use of light bulbs with wavelengths that can disturb sea turtles. Our results suggest that educational efforts could be enhanced by specifically focusing on increasing awareness of the effects of human actions on sea turtles, targeting individuals who visit the beach infrequently and live far from it to foster greater connection with these ecosystems, and publicizing a variety of options that could reduce harm to sea turtles so individuals feel a sense of freedom of choice.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1004","usgsCitation":"Swindall, J.E., Ober, H.K., Lamont, M.M., and Carthy, R., 2019, Informing sea turtle outreach efforts to maximize effectiveness: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 43, no. 3, p. 436-446, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"436","endPage":"446","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-065784","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/e9c0a7ff9679411095fbc9c8fbc79228","text":"External Repository"},{"id":367814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Bay County, Franklin County, Gulf County, Walton County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.8963623046875,\n              29.489815619374962\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.320068359375,\n              29.489815619374962\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.320068359375,\n              30.998800236414823\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.8963623046875,\n              30.998800236414823\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.8963623046875,\n              29.489815619374962\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swindall, Jessica E.","contributorId":219304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swindall","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ober, Holly K.","contributorId":219305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ober","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamont, Margaret M. 0000-0001-7520-6669","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":218323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carthy, Raymond 0000-0001-8978-5083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-5083","contributorId":219303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carthy","given":"Raymond","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70215323,"text":"70215323 - 2019 - Using a mechanistic model to develop management strategies to cool Apache Trout streams under the threat of climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-16T14:15:08.962952","indexId":"70215323","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-13T09:10:51","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using a mechanistic model to develop management strategies to cool Apache Trout streams under the threat of climate change","docAbstract":"<p><span>User‐friendly stream temperature models populated with on‐site data may help in developing strategies to manage temperatures of individual stream reaches that are subject to climate change. We used the field‐tested Stream Segment Temperature model (U.S. Geological Survey) to simulate how altering discharge, groundwater input, channel wetted width, and shade prevents the temperatures of White Mountain, Arizona, stream reaches from exceeding the thermal tolerance of Apache Trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus apache</i><span>, both under existing conditions and under a climate change scenario. Simulations suggested increasing shade, either through streamside planting of specific numbers and species of plants or by other means, would be most effective and feasible for cooling the stream reaches we studied. Ponderosa pine&nbsp;</span><i>Pinus ponderosa</i><span>&nbsp;and Douglas fir&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i><span>&nbsp;provided the most shade followed in order by Engelman spruce&nbsp;</span><i>Picea engelmannii</i><span>, Bebb's willow&nbsp;</span><i>Salix bebbiana</i><span>, Arizona alder&nbsp;</span><i>Alnus oblongifolia</i><span>, and finally coyote willow&nbsp;</span><i>Salix exigua</i><span>. Vegetation survival depends on the appropriateness of site conditions at present and under climate change, and planting in buffer strips minimizes additional water removal from the watershed through evapotranspiration. Alternative shading options, including thick sedge growth, shade cloth, or felled woody vegetation, may be considered when environmental conditions do not support plantings. Increasing groundwater input can cool streams, but additional sources are scarce in the region. Decreasing the width‐to‐depth ratio would succeed best on reaches with widths greater than 2.0&nbsp;m. Increasing discharge from upstream may lower water temperature on reaches with an initial discharge greater than 0.5&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s. Existing models provide suggestions to cool stream reaches. Further development of accessible software packages that incorporate evaporation, fragmentation, and other projected climate change effects into their routines will provide additional tools to help manage climate change effects.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10337","usgsCitation":"Baker, J.P., and Bonar, S.A., 2019, Using a mechanistic model to develop management strategies to cool Apache Trout streams under the threat of climate change: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 39, no. 5, p. 849-867, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10337.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"849","endPage":"867","ipdsId":"IP-098411","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"White Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.225830078125,\n              33.53681606773302\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05853271484374,\n              33.53681606773302\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05853271484374,\n              34.440893571391165\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.225830078125,\n              34.440893571391165\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.225830078125,\n              33.53681606773302\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Joy Price","contributorId":243199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"Price","affiliations":[{"id":40855,"text":"UA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70215286,"text":"70215286 - 2019 - Population trends of king and common eiders from spring migration counts at Point Barrow, Alaska between 1994 and 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-14T23:33:34.376936","indexId":"70215286","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-12T18:28:08","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population trends of king and common eiders from spring migration counts at Point Barrow, Alaska between 1994 and 2016","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most king (</span><i>Somateria spectabilis</i><span>) and common eiders (</span><i>S. mollissima v-nigra)</i><span>&nbsp;breeding in the northwestern Nearctic migrate past Point Barrow, Alaska. Spring migration counts have been conducted there since 1953; during 1976–1996, both species declined &gt;&nbsp;50% for unknown reasons. To evaluate population trends, counts in 2003, 2004, 2015, and 2016 were compared to earlier counts. King eider estimates were 304,966 (95% CI ± 76,254) in 2003, 591,961 (±&nbsp;172,011) in 2004, 796,419 (± 304,011) in 2015, and 322,381 (± 145,833) in 2016. Common eider estimates were 114,998 (± 28,566) in 2003, 110,561 (±&nbsp;32,087) in 2004, 96,775 (±&nbsp;39,913) in 2015, and 130,390 (±&nbsp;34,548) in 2016. The 2016 estimate was likely biased low for king eiders due to weather (causing large pulses of king eiders to pass within 2&nbsp;days) and early ice break-up (causing observers to count at greater distances from the flocks). Using all estimates, populations of both species were statistically stable during 1994–2016. Excluding the 2016 count for king eiders indicated a significant increase of 18.63%/year in that population. Photo analysis of flocks in 2016 indicated that observer counts averaged 4% lower, species detection was not different, but females’ counts were underestimated by 25%. Methods should be refined to reduce bias and variability. Ice-based spring counts are becoming more difficult due to earlier break-up, less stable ice, and new techniques or locations; or a switch to land-based summer/fall migration counts are needed. Population monitoring is needed to ensure sustainability of harvests for these valuable subsistence resources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00300-019-02581-6","usgsCitation":"McGuire, R., Suydam, R., Quakenbush, L., and Powell, A., 2019, Population trends of king and common eiders from spring migration counts at Point Barrow, Alaska between 1994 and 2016: Polar Biology, v. 42, p. 2065-2074, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-019-02581-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2065","endPage":"2074","ipdsId":"IP-103676","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379398,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Point Barrow","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.752685546875,\n              70.85188122123132\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.4066162109375,\n              70.86448996613296\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.8682861328125,\n              71.12743434576174\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.4288330078125,\n              71.32719154756404\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.4727783203125,\n              71.40442035262377\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7584228515625,\n              71.39741230249791\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.159423828125,\n              71.34301347171373\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.642822265625,\n              71.03482027758315\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.7911376953125,\n              70.92202823664289\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.752685546875,\n              70.85188122123132\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, R.","contributorId":243089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGuire","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36971,"text":"University of Alaska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suydam, R.","contributorId":243090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suydam","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48637,"text":"North Slope Borough","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quakenbush, L.","contributorId":243091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quakenbush","given":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, Abby 0000-0002-9783-134X abby_powell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-134X","contributorId":176843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70215276,"text":"70215276 - 2019 - Effects of multiple nonnative fish on an imperiled cyprinid, Hornyhead Chub","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-15T14:02:11.536122","indexId":"70215276","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-12T18:00:11","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of multiple nonnative fish on an imperiled cyprinid, Hornyhead Chub","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nonnative fish can have substantial negative effects on the abundance and distribution of native fishes through predation and competition. Nonnative predators are of particular interest because they represent novel threats to native prey species that are not adapted to their presence. Prey species with limited distributions or population sizes may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of nonnative predators. In the Laramie River, four nonnative predators—Brown Trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo trutta</i><span>, Rainbow Trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>, Brook Trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis,</i><span>&nbsp;and Smallmouth Bass&nbsp;</span><i>Micropterus dolomieu</i><span>&nbsp;are present along with a state‐imperiled population of Hornyhead Chub&nbsp;</span><i>Nocomis biguttatus</i><span>. The abundance of Hornyhead Chub has declined with increasing abundance of nonnative predators, with the probability of occurrence of Hornyhead Chub dropping drastically when Smallmouth Bass were present. All four nonnative species preyed on native cyprinids, but Smallmouth Bass relied most heavily on fish as a prey item. Isotopic niche overlap occurred between Hornyhead Chub and all of the nonnative predator species. Our results demonstrate that nonnative predators have the potential to negatively affect the abundance and distribution of Hornyhead Chub through the mechanisms of predation and competition, and predator identity is important in determining the extent of effects. Smallmouth Bass are a greater concern than nonnative salmonids because of their more piscivorous behavior, and their recent upstream expansion may be limiting the downstream distribution of Hornyhead Chub in the Laramie River.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10203","usgsCitation":"Hickerson, B., Maitland, B.M., and Walters, A.W., 2019, Effects of multiple nonnative fish on an imperiled cyprinid, Hornyhead Chub: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 148, no. 6, p. 1132-1145, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10203.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1132","endPage":"1145","ipdsId":"IP-098523","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379395,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Laramie River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.38635253906249,\n              41.970722347928096\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.54315185546875,\n              41.970722347928096\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.54315185546875,\n              42.20817645934742\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.38635253906249,\n              42.20817645934742\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.38635253906249,\n              41.970722347928096\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"148","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickerson, Brian T.","contributorId":243052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hickerson","given":"Brian T.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maitland, Bryan M. 0000-0002-4491-5064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4491-5064","contributorId":216559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maitland","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70204961,"text":"sim3439 - 2019 - Potentiometric surface of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, spring 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-04T06:00:30","indexId":"sim3439","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-12T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3439","displayTitle":"Potentiometric Surface of the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer, Spring 2016","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, spring 2016","docAbstract":"<p><span>A potentiometric surface map for spring 2016 was created for the Mississippi River Valley alluvial (MRVA) aquifer using selected available groundwater-altitude data from wells and surface-water-altitude data from streamgages. Most of the wells were measured annually or one time after installation, but some wells were measured more than one time or continually; streamgages are typically operated continuously. Personnel from the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission, Arkansas Department of Health, Arkansas Geological Survey, Illinois Department of Agriculture, Illinois State Water Survey, Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, Yazoo Mississippi Delta Joint Water Management District, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) routinely collect groundwater data from wells screened in the MRVA aquifer. The USGS and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers routinely collect data on river stage and discharge for the rivers overlying the MRVA aquifer.</span></p><p><span>The potentiometric surface map for 2016 was created using existing data as part of the USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program to support investigations that characterize the MRVA aquifer. Sufficient groundwater-altitude data were available to create a potentiometric-surface map for spring 2016 for about 81 percent of the aquifer area. The potentiometric contours ranged from 10 to 340 feet. The regional direction of groundwater flow in the MRVA aquifer was generally towards the south-southwest, except in areas of groundwater-altitude depressions, where groundwater flows into the depressions, and near rivers, where groundwater flow generally parallels the flow in the rivers. There are large depressions in the potentiometric surface of the MRVA aquifer in the lower half of the Cache region and in most of the Grand Prairie and Delta regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3439","usgsCitation":"McGuire, V.L., Seanor, R.C., Asquith, W.H., Kress, W.H., and Strauch, K.R., 2019, Potentiometric surface of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, spring 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3439, 14 p., 5 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3439.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 14 p.; 5 Sheets: 30.0 x 46.0 inches or smaller; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-087587","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367362,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SV1HMQ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data associated with potentiometric surface, Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, spring 2016"},{"id":367352,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3439/sim3439_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1—All Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP) regions","size":"6.10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3439 Sheet 1"},{"id":367351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3439/coverthb_sheet1.jpg"},{"id":367356,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3439/sim3439_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4—Delta MAP region","size":"1.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3439 Sheet 4"},{"id":367353,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3439/sim3439.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"6.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3439 Pamphlet"},{"id":367354,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3439/sim3439_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2—St. Francis and Cache MAP regions","size":"1.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3439 Sheet 2"},{"id":367355,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3439/sim3439_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3—Boeuf and Grand Prairie MAP regions","size":"2.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3439 Sheet 3"},{"id":367357,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3439/sim3439_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5—Atchafalaya and Deltaic and Chenier Plain MAP regions ","size":"2.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3439 Sheet 5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Alluvial Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.56054687499999,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.791015625,\n              37.26530995561875\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.845703125,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7685546875,\n              33.578014746143985\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.5048828125,\n              30.06909396443887\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.548828125,\n              29.878755346037977\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.59277343749999,\n              29.420460341013133\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.4287109375,\n              28.69058765425071\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.76953125,\n              28.806173508854776\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.296875,\n              30.675715404167743\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.72558593749999,\n              35.460669951495305\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.2861328125,\n              36.914764288955936\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.857421875,\n              37.78808138412046\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.56054687499999,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/ne-water/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/ne-water/\">Nebraska Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>5231 South 19th Street<br>Lincoln, NE 68512</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Study Area Description</li><li>Data and Methods</li><li>Potentiometric Surface, Spring 2016</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2019-09-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, Virginia L. 0000-0002-3962-4158 vlmcguir@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Virginia","email":"vlmcguir@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seanor, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5735-5580 rcseanor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-5580","contributorId":3731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seanor","given":"Ronald","email":"rcseanor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":770676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kress, Wade 0000-0002-6833-028X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-028X","contributorId":203539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Strauch, Kellan R. 0000-0002-7218-2099","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7218-2099","contributorId":208562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauch","given":"Kellan R.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70205297,"text":"70205297 - 2019 - Photosynthetic and respiratory responses of two bog shrub species to whole ecosystem warming and elevated CO2 at the boreal-temperate ecotone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-11T16:05:01","indexId":"70205297","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-12T14:04:23","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5860,"text":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Photosynthetic and respiratory responses of two bog shrub species to whole ecosystem warming and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> at the boreal-temperate ecotone","title":"Photosynthetic and respiratory responses of two bog shrub species to whole ecosystem warming and elevated CO2 at the boreal-temperate ecotone","docAbstract":"<p><span>Peatlands within the boreal-temperate ecotone contain the majority of terrestrial carbon in this region, and there is concern over the fate of such carbon stores in the face of global environmental changes. The Spruce and Peatland Response Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) facility aims to advance the understanding of how such peatlands may respond to such changes, using a combination of whole ecosystem warming (WEW; +0, 2.25, 4.5, 6.75, and 9°C) and elevated CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;(eCO</span><sub>2</sub><span>; +500 ppm) treatments in an intact bog ecosystem. We examined photosynthetic and respiration responses in leaves of two ericaceous shrub species–leatherleaf [</span><i>Chamaedaphne calyculata</i><span>&nbsp;(L.) Moench] and bog Labrador tea [</span><i>Rhododendron groenlandicum</i><span>&nbsp;(Oeder) Kron &amp; Judd]–to the first year of combined eCO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and WEW treatments at SPRUCE. We surveyed the leaf N content per area (</span><i>N</i><sub><i>area</i></sub><span>), net photosynthesis (</span><i>A</i><sub><i>ST</i></sub><span>) and respiration (</span><i>R</i><sub><i>D</i>25</sub><span>) at 25°C and 400 ppm CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and net photosynthesis at mean growing conditions (</span><i>A</i><sub><i>GR</i></sub><span>) of newly emerged, mature and overwintered leaves. We also measured leaf non-structural carbohydrate content (</span><i>NSC</i><span>) in mature leaves. The effects of WEW and eCO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;varied by season and species, highlighting the need to accommodate such variability in modeling this system. In mature leaves, we did not observe a response to either treatment of&nbsp;</span><i>A</i><sub><i>ST</i></sub><span>&nbsp;or&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sub><i>D</i>25</sub><span>&nbsp;in&nbsp;</span><i>R. groenlandicum</i><span>, but we did observe a 50% decrease in&nbsp;</span><i>A</i><sub><i>ST</i></sub><span>&nbsp;of&nbsp;</span><i>C. calyculata</i><span>&nbsp;with eCO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. In mature leaves under eCO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, neither species had increased&nbsp;</span><i>A</i><sub><i>GR</i></sub><span>&nbsp;and both had increases in&nbsp;</span><i>NSC</i><span>, indicating acclimation of photosynthesis to eCO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;may be related to source-sink imbalances of carbohydrates. Thus, productivity gains of shrubs under eCO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;may be lower than previously predicted for this site by models not accounting for such acclimation. In newly emerged leaves,&nbsp;</span><i>A</i><sub><i>ST</i></sub><span>&nbsp;increased with WEW in&nbsp;</span><i>R. groenlandicum</i><span>, but not&nbsp;</span><i>C. calyculata</i><span>. Overwintered leaves exhibited a decrease in&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sub><i>D</i>25</sub><span>&nbsp;for&nbsp;</span><i>R. groenlandicum</i><span>&nbsp;and in&nbsp;</span><i>A</i><sub><i>ST</i></sub><span>&nbsp;for&nbsp;</span><i>C. calyculata</i><span>&nbsp;with increasing WEW, as well as an increase of&nbsp;</span><i>A</i><sub><i>GR</i></sub><span>&nbsp;with eCO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;in both species. Responses in newly emerged and overwintered leaves may reflect physiological acclimation or phenological changes in response to treatments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2019.00054","usgsCitation":"Ward, E., Warren, J.M., McLennan, D., Dusenge, M.E., Way, D.A., Wullschleger, S.D., and Hanson, P.J., 2019, Photosynthetic and respiratory responses of two bog shrub species to whole ecosystem warming and elevated CO2 at the boreal-temperate ecotone: Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, v. 2, 54, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2019.00054.","productDescription":"54, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106522","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2019.00054","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367414,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Marcell Experimental Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.54206085205078,\n              47.397652013137176\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.44146728515625,\n              47.397652013137176\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.44146728515625,\n              47.46987800000272\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.54206085205078,\n              47.46987800000272\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.54206085205078,\n              47.397652013137176\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Eric 0000-0002-5047-5464","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5047-5464","contributorId":218962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Eric","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warren, Jeffrey M .","contributorId":198318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warren","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M .","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLennan, David A","contributorId":218963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLennan","given":"David A","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dusenge, Mirindi E","contributorId":218964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dusenge","given":"Mirindi","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":13255,"text":"University of Western Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Way, Danielle A.","contributorId":199465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Way","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wullschleger, Stan D.","contributorId":167343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wullschleger","given":"Stan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hanson, Paul J","contributorId":218965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70209084,"text":"70209084 - 2019 - Projected warming disrupts the synchrony of riparian seed dispersal and snowmelt streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-16T06:21:15","indexId":"70209084","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-12T13:58:25","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2863,"text":"New Phytologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected warming disrupts the synchrony of riparian seed dispersal and snowmelt streamflow","docAbstract":"<p>• Globally, spring phenology and abiotic processes are shifting earlier with warming. Differences in the magnitudes of these shifts may decouple the timing of plant resource requirements from resource availability. In riparian forests across the northern hemisphere, warming could decouple seed dispersal from snowmelt peak streamflow, thus reducing moisture and safe-sites for dominant tree recruitment. </p><p>• We combined field observations with climate, hydrology, and phenology models to simulate future change in synchrony of seed dispersal and snowmelt peaks in the upper South Platte River Basin, Colorado, for three Salicaceae species that dominate western USA riparian forests. </p><p>• Chilling requirements for overcoming winter endodormancy were strongest in Salix exigua, moderately supported for Populus deltoides, and indiscernible in Salix amygdaloides. Ensemble mean projected warming of 3.5ºC shifted snowmelt peaks 10-19 d earlier relative to S. exigua and P. deltoides dispersal, because decreased winter chilling combined with increased spring forcing limited change in their dispersal phenology. In contrast, warming shifted both snowmelt peaks and S. amygdaloides dispersal 21 d earlier, maintaining their synchrony. </p><p>• Decoupling of snowmelt from seed dispersal for Salicaceae with strong chilling requirements is likely to reduce resources critical for recruitment of these foundational riparian forests, although the magnitude of future decoupling remains uncertain.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/nph.16191","usgsCitation":"Perry, L.G., Shafroth, P.B., Hay, L., Markstrom, S.L., and Bock, A.R., 2019, Projected warming disrupts the synchrony of riparian seed dispersal and snowmelt streamflow: New Phytologist, v. 225, no. 2, p. 693-712, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16191.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"693","endPage":"712","ipdsId":"IP-110069","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459842,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16191","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P994V9LI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Riparian seed dispersal phenology and snowmelt streamflow timing in the upper South Platte River Basin, observed in 2010-2011 and simulated for 1962-2098"},{"id":373275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.16015624999999,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.041015625,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.041015625,\n              40.74725696280421\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.16015624999999,\n              40.74725696280421\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.16015624999999,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"225","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Laura G.","contributorId":220048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hay, Lauren","contributorId":209452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":784904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":146553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bock, Andrew R. 0000-0001-7222-6613 abock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7222-6613","contributorId":4580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bock","given":"Andrew","email":"abock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70205216,"text":"sim3436 - 2019 - Geologic map of the Poncha Pass area, Chaffee, Fremont, and Saguache Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-13T11:58:35","indexId":"sim3436","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-12T13:25:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3436","title":"Geologic map of the Poncha Pass area, Chaffee, Fremont, and Saguache Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents a 1:24,000-scale geologic map, cross sections, and descriptive and interpretative text for the Poncha Pass area in central Colorado. The map area is irregular in shape, covering all of one 7 ½' quadrangle (Poncha Pass) and parts of five others (Mount Ouray, Maysville, Salida West, Salida East, and Wellsville). The map boundaries were drawn to cover all of the “Poncha mountain block,” our designation for the approximately 15-kilometer-long northwestern end of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. The map conveys the areal distribution of (1) Proterozoic basement rocks forming the core of the Poncha mountain block, (2) overlying Eocene and Oligocene volcanic rocks, (3) Miocene and younger basin-fill deposits, (4) Quaternary surficial glacial and alluvial deposits, and (5) faults and folds affecting all of the above units. The Poncha mountain block, which lies within the Rio Grande rift, is topographically and geologically distinctive. Generally, the Rio Grande rift is internally characterized by subsided structural basins or grabens and subdued, low-relief topography rather than elevated mountain blocks. The intrarift, topographically high Poncha mountain block spans the axial part of the rift and separates the low-lying basins of the west-tilted upper Arkansas River half graben and east-northeast-tilted San Luis half graben. These distinctive aspects of the Poncha mountain block were the primary motivations to conduct geologic mapping in the area. Important questions addressed by geologic mapping and related studies in the Poncha Pass area include (1) what were the structural controls and tectonic mechanism(s) that resulted in development of the Poncha mountain block in an intrarift environment; (2) did surface uplift of the Poncha block occur during rift development in the Neogene and Quaternary, and at what rate(s); (3) how was extensional strain accommodated and relayed across the Poncha block between the opposite-polarity rift basins and flanking mountain blocks; (4) is there a clear Laramide deformational signal in rocks of the map area; and (5) have earlier Laramide contractional structures, if they exist, influenced later rift-related extensional deformation through reactivation or strain localization. Prior to our mapping, the geology of much of the Poncha Pass area had only been mapped in reconnaissance fashion, reflecting the area’s poor bedrock exposures, poor access due to the rugged terrain, and geologic complexity. The map presented here provides new details of the geology of this difficult area and helps elucidate the development of the Poncha block and improves understanding of the geologic framework and geologic history of the area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3436","usgsCitation":"Minor, S.A., Caine, J.S., Ruleman, C.A., Fridrich, C.J., Chan, C.F., Brandt, T.R., Holm-Denoma, C.S., Morgan, L.E., Cosca, M.A., and Grauch, V.J.S., 2019, Geologic map of the Poncha Pass area, Chaffee, Fremont, and Saguache Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3436, 4 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3436.","productDescription":"4 Sheets: 60.5 x 36 inches or smaller; Data Release; Read Me","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437342,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PV6J8X","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Argon data for Poncha Pass Geologic Map"},{"id":367261,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3436/sim3436_sheet1_georeferenced.pdf","text":"Sheet 1—Georeferenced Geologic Map of the Poncha Pass Area, Chaffee, Fremont, and Saguache Counties, Colorado","size":"135 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Georeferenced SIM 3436 Sheet 1"},{"id":367301,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GYYF4F","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release for Geologic Map of the Poncha Pass Area, Chaffee, Fremont, and Saguache Counties, Colorado"},{"id":367260,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3436/sim3436_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1—Geologic Map of the Poncha Pass Area, Chaffee, Fremont, and Saguache Counties, Colorado","size":"35.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3436 Sheet 1"},{"id":367263,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3436/sim3436_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3—Explanation of Map Units","size":"9.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3436 Explanation of Map Units"},{"id":367259,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3436/coverthb_sheet1.jpg"},{"id":367298,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3436/sim3436_ReadMe.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"16.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIM 3436 Read Me"},{"id":367262,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3436/sim3436_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2—Cross Sections, Geologic Map of the Poncha Pass Area, Chaffee, Fremont, and Saguache Counties, Colorado","size":"2.99 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3436 Cross Sections"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Chaffee County, Fremont County, Saguache County","otherGeospatial":"Poncha Pass","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.20733642578125,\n              37.51626173528878\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.02655029296875,\n              37.51626173528878\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.02655029296875,\n              39.07464374293251\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.20733642578125,\n              39.07464374293251\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.20733642578125,\n              37.51626173528878\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/gecsc/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/gecsc/\">Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>Box 25046, MS-980<br>Denver, CO 80225-0046</p>","publishedDate":"2019-09-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan Saul 0000-0002-7269-6989","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":75585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"Saul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruleman, Chester A. 0000-0002-1503-4591 cruleman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-4591","contributorId":1264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruleman","given":"Chester","email":"cruleman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fridrich, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2453-6478 fridrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-6478","contributorId":1251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"Christopher","email":"fridrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chan, Christine F. 0000-0002-4933-3258 cchan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-3258","contributorId":5531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"Christine","email":"cchan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":770399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440 cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":2442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher","email":"cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morgan, Leah E. 0000-0001-9930-524X lemorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-524X","contributorId":176174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Leah","email":"lemorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. 0000-0002-0761-3489 tien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":152256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"tien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70205025,"text":"fs20193048 - 2019 - Rare earth elements in coal and coal fly ash","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-13T09:41:29","indexId":"fs20193048","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-12T10:23:54","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-3048","displayTitle":"Rare Earth Elements in Coal and Coal Fly Ash","title":"Rare earth elements in coal and coal fly ash","docAbstract":"<p>The rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of 17 elements sharing similar chemical properties. They include yttrium (Y, atomic number 39), scandium (Sc, atomic number 21), and the 15 elements of the lanthanide series, atomic numbers 57 (lanthanum, La) to 71 (lutetium, Lu). Because promethium (Pm, atomic number 61) does not occur in the Earth’s crust and scandium typically has different geological occurrences from other REEs, they are not discussed further herein.</p><p>REEs are, on average, more abundant than precious metals (for example, gold, silver, and platinum), but because of their unique geochemical properties, they do not commonly form economically viable ore deposits. Nevertheless, REEs are increasingly required for a range of modern applications in defense and renewable energy technologies and in commercial products, primarily as magnets, batteries, and catalysts. The United States currently (2018) produces REEs from a single mine in California, accounting for just 9 percent of global production, whereas 70 percent of global REE production comes from China. For these reasons, REEs are considered a critical resource, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has an interest in helping to identify new sources of REEs for domestic production.</p><p>In 2017, coal use accounted for about 30 percent of the electric power generated in the United States. Fly ash, produced during the burning of coal, is a fine­-grained solid derived from noncombustible constituents of coal, such as clay minerals and quartz. When coal is burned, REEs are retained and enriched in the fly ash and, as a result, fly ash has long been considered a potential resource for REEs.</p><p>The United States has the world’s largest coal reserves and, even though gas-­fired power generation has increased significantly in the last decade, the United States continues to produce vast quantities of fly ash, about half of which is beneficially reused, primarily in construction materials. The remainder is stored, mostly in landfills and impound­ments. Thus, annual fly ash production, combined with fly ash already in stor­age, constitutes a large potential resource.</p><p>Research into how to utilize coal and coal fly ash as sources of REEs is ongo­ing. Viable recovery of REEs from coal and coal ash requires identification of coals and ashes with the highest REE concentrations and development of workable methods for REE extraction and recovery. Understanding how REEs occur within fly ash, described in this fact sheet, is one of the keys to developing possible methods for their recovery.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193048","usgsCitation":"Scott, C., and Kolker, A., 2019, Rare earth elements in coal and coal fly ash: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019-3048, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193048.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-098987","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367383,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3048/fs20193048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Fact Sheet 2019-3048"},{"id":367382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3048/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"https://energy.usgs.gov/GeneralInfo/ScienceCenters/Eastern.aspx\" data-mce-href=\"https://energy.usgs.gov/GeneralInfo/ScienceCenters/Eastern.aspx\">Eastern Energy Resources Science Center</a><br><a data-mce-href=\"https://usgs.gov/\" href=\"https://usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>956 National Center<br>Reston, VA 20192<br><a href=\"https://energy.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://energy.usgs.gov/\">https://energy.usgs.gov/</a><br></p>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2019-09-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Clint 0000-0003-2778-2711 clintonscott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2778-2711","contributorId":5332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Clint","email":"clintonscott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207326,"text":"70207326 - 2019 - Evaluation of maternal penning to improve calf survival in the Chisana Caribou Herd","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T10:13:50","indexId":"70207326","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-12T10:02:57","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of maternal penning to improve calf survival in the Chisana Caribou Herd","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Predation is a major limiting factor for most small sedentary caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) populations, particularly those that are threatened or endangered across the southern extent of the species’ range. Thus, reducing predation impacts is often a management goal for improving the status of small caribou populations, and lethal predator removal is the primary approach that has been applied. Given that predator control programs are often contentious, other management options that can garner broader public acceptance need to be considered.</p><p>Substantial calf losses to predation in the few weeks following birth are common for these small caribou populations. Therefore, we employed a novel experimental approach of maternal penning with the goal of reducing early calf mortality in the Chisana Caribou Herd, a declining population in southwest Yukon and adjacent Alaska thought to number around 300 individuals. Maternal penning entailed temporarily holding pregnant females on their native range in a large pen secure from predators from late March through the initial weeks of calf rearing to mid‐June. During 2003–2006, we conducted 4 annual penning trials with 17–50 pregnant females each year (<i>n</i> = 146 total), assessed survival of calves born in the pens, and evaluated survival and nutritional effects of penning for females that were held. We also investigated the herd's population dynamics during 2003–2008 to determine effects of maternal penning on calf recruitment and population growth. In addition to information gained during maternal penning, we determined natality and survival patterns via radiotelemetry, conducted autumn age‐sex composition surveys each year, and censused the population in mid‐October 2003, 2005, and 2007. Based on our penning trials and demographic investigations, we used simulation models to evaluate the effects of maternal penning relative to a population's inherent growth rate (finite rate of increase [λ] without maternal penning) and penning effort (proportion of calves born in penning) to provide perspective on utility of this approach for improving the status of small imperiled caribou populations.</p><p>Pregnant females held in maternal penning tolerated captivity well in that they exhibited positive nutritional responses to<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ad libitum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>feed we provided and higher survival than free‐ranging females (0.993 and 0.951 for penned and free‐ranging females, respectively). Survival of pen calves from birth to mid‐June was substantially higher than that of free‐ranging calves (<img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/0e6ef12e-eaa7-4d2f-ab08-ea5b2bd86630/wmon1044-math-0001.png\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:00840173:media:wmon1044:wmon1044-math-0001\" data-mce-src=\"https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/0e6ef12e-eaa7-4d2f-ab08-ea5b2bd86630/wmon1044-math-0001.png\"> = 0.950 and 0.376, respectively). This initial period accounted for 76% of the annual calf mortality in the free‐ranging population. Pen‐born calves maintained their survival advantage over wild‐born calves to the end of their first year (<img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/dbad290f-0978-47cf-a834-0ee7ab365628/wmon1044-math-0002.png\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:00840173:media:wmon1044:wmon1044-math-0002\" data-mce-src=\"https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/dbad290f-0978-47cf-a834-0ee7ab365628/wmon1044-math-0002.png\"> = 0.575 and 0.192, respectively) during years penning occurred.</p><p>Females in the Chisana Herd were highly productive with 57% producing their first offspring at 2 years of age, and annual natality rates averaging 0.842 calves/female ≥2 years old. Age‐specific natality rates exceeded 0.900 for 4–9‐year‐olds, then exhibited senescent decline to 0.467 by 19 years old. Annual survival of free‐ranging adult females and calves averaged 0.892 and 0.184, respectively, over all study years; both were reduced during 2004 because of poor winter survival. We noted reduced nutritional condition of caribou late that winter in that females we captured were lighter than in other years and produced lighter calves. We suspect that the reduced survival during winter 2004 and the observed nutritional characteristics resulted from adverse snow conditions in combination with effects of the extreme drought experienced the previous summer. Age‐specific survival of adult females was ≥0.900 through 10 years of age, then declined with age.</p><p>The Chisana Herd numbered 720 caribou in mid‐October 2003, or more than twice that estimated prior to initiating maternal penning, and increased to 766 caribou by mid‐October 2007. We calculated that penning added 54.2 yearling recruits, or 40% of calves released from penning. Based on the maternal penning results and the population's vital rates, we determined that the herd would have been stable during 2003–2007 at about 713 caribou without maternal penning; thus, the increase in herd size we observed resulted from maternal penning and was equivalent to the estimate of additional yearling recruits. The improvement in the population trend invoked by maternal penning was limited by the larger than expected population size and resulting low penning effort (<img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/13da9eca-7696-4e7d-9e85-88b51c02dabb/wmon1044-math-0003.png\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:00840173:media:wmon1044:wmon1044-math-0003\" data-mce-src=\"https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/13da9eca-7696-4e7d-9e85-88b51c02dabb/wmon1044-math-0003.png\"> = 11% of calves born in pen).</p><p>Our simulations corroborated that maternal penning increased population size by the number of additional recruits provided, even at low penning effort, for inherently stable populations. As the inherent rate of increase dropped below λ = 1.000, more of the additional recruits from penning were needed to offset the downward population inertia, thus requiring increased penning effort to reach stability. For populations declining at λ &lt; 0.890, stability could not be achieved with 100% penning effort given the vital rates in our models.</p><p>Maternal penning in its limited application to date has proven to be broadly popular as a nonlethal management action aimed at reducing initial calf mortality from predation in small caribou populations. However, based on the Chisana program and 3 subsequent efforts elsewhere, improvement in population trends have been modest at best and come at a high financial cost. Given the necessity of maximizing penning effort, maternal penning may have a role in addressing conservation challenges for some small caribou populations that are stable or slowly declining, but its application should be primarily driven by objective assessment of the likelihood of improving population trends rather than popularity relative to other management options.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1044","usgsCitation":"Adams, L., Farnell, R.G., Oakley, M.P., Jung, T., Larocque, L., Lortie, G., McLelland, J., Reid, M., Roffler, G.H., and Russell, D., 2019, Evaluation of maternal penning to improve calf survival in the Chisana Caribou Herd: Wildlife Monographs, v. 204, no. 1, p. 5-46, https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1044.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"46","ipdsId":"IP-079916","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1044","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","otherGeospatial":"Wrangell‐St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Kluane Wildlife Sanctuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -144.05273437499997,\n              60.48970392643919\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.21923828125,\n              60.48970392643919\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.21923828125,\n              63.38167869302983\n            ],\n            [\n              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G.","contributorId":56870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farnell","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oakley, Michelle P.","contributorId":221305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oakley","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":33063,"text":"Yukon Department of Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":777716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jung, Thomas","contributorId":221306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jung","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":33063,"text":"Yukon Department of Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":777717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larocque, Lorne","contributorId":221307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larocque","given":"Lorne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33063,"text":"Yukon Department of Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":777718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lortie, Grant","contributorId":221308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lortie","given":"Grant","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McLelland, Jamie","contributorId":221309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLelland","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33063,"text":"Yukon Department of Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":777720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reid, Mason","contributorId":51639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Roffler, Gretchen H. groffler@usgs.gov","contributorId":1946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roffler","given":"Gretchen","email":"groffler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Russell, Don","contributorId":200378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70208498,"text":"70208498 - 2019 - Consistent compensatory growth offsets poor condition in trout populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-13T08:27:52","indexId":"70208498","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-12T08:24:36","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consistent compensatory growth offsets poor condition in trout populations","docAbstract":"1.\tCompensatory growth – when individuals in poor condition grow rapidly to “catch up” to conspecifics – may be a mechanism that allows individuals to tolerate stressful environmental conditions, both abiotic and biotic.  This phenomenon has been documented fairly widely in laboratory and field experiments, but evidence for compensatory growth in the wild is scarce.  \n2.\tCutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii subsp) are cold-water specialists that inhabit streams in montane ecosystems where seasonal conditions can be harsh and growth rates vary greatly among seasons.  Understanding if individuals compensate for periods of reduced growth and body condition will improve understanding of the requirements of fish throughout their life-cycle and across freshwater habitats.\n3.\tWe quantified compensatory growth of juvenile cutthroat trout using extensive mark-recapture data from 11 stream populations (1,125 individuals) and two subspecies inhabiting a wide range of ecological settings in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Our objectives were to determine how growth was linked across seasons and determine if individuals behaviorally compensated for depressed body condition via emigration. \n4.\tFish in relatively poor condition consistently demonstrated compensatory growth in mass during subsequent seasons. In contrast, fish in relatively better condition responded with positive growth in length during the summer signaling these fish may be better suited to headwater environments; no compensatory growth in length was found during the winter.  Furthermore, we found no evidence that individual condition mediated migration tendencies of fish to seek more favorable habitat.\n5.\tAcross a wide range of environmental conditions, we found consistent empirical support for compensatory growth in mass in the wild.  A critical next step is to quantify how changing abiotic and biotic conditions influence the ability of stream fishes to compensate for locally or seasonally challenging conditions, thereby affecting long-term resiliency, viability, and adaptation in the face of changing environmental conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.13400","usgsCitation":"Al-Chokhachy, R., Kovach, R., Sepulveda, A.J., Strait, J., Shepard, B.B., and Muhlfeld, C.C., 2019, Consistent compensatory growth offsets poor condition in trout populations: Freshwater Biology, v. 64, no. 12, p. 2120 -2130, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13400.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2120 ","endPage":"2130","ipdsId":"IP-100735","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Flathead River basin, Shields River basin, Duck Creek basin, Spread Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.93847656250001,\n              48.16608541901253\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2138671875,\n              48.16608541901253\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2138671875,\n              49.61070993807422\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.93847656250001,\n              49.61070993807422\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.93847656250001,\n              48.16608541901253\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n  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rkovach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5402-2123","contributorId":145914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovach","given":"Ryan","email":"rkovach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepulveda, Adam J. 0000-0001-7621-7028 asepulveda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-7028","contributorId":150628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","email":"asepulveda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strait, Jeff","contributorId":222446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strait","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shepard, Bradley B.","contributorId":145880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shepard","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6765,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70207300,"text":"70207300 - 2019 - Ask astro","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-08T16:15:54","indexId":"70207300","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-11T16:00:23","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5906,"text":"Astronomy","onlineIssn":"0091-6358","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ask astro","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kalmbach Publishing","issn":"0091-6358","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., and Klesman, A., 2019, Ask astro: Astronomy, v. 47, no. 10, p. 70-71.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"71","ipdsId":"IP-108311","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":370310,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://astronomy.com/magazine/ask-astro/2019/09/our-magnetic-poles-shifted-in-the-past-are-we-overdue-for-another-shift-and-how-will-that-affect-our-electronics-the-continents-and-the-suns-effect-on-us-while-the-poles-shift"}],"volume":"47","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klesman, Alison","contributorId":221615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klesman","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70201457,"text":"tm1D7 - 2019 - Guidelines and standard procedures for high-frequency groundwater-quality monitoring stations—Design, operation, and record computation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-13T09:42:32","indexId":"tm1D7","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-11T15:52:46","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1-D7","displayTitle":"Guidelines and Standard Procedures for High-Frequency Groundwater-Quality Monitoring Stations—Design, Operation, and Record Computation","title":"Guidelines and standard procedures for high-frequency groundwater-quality monitoring stations—Design, operation, and record computation","docAbstract":"<p>High-frequency water-quality monitoring stations measure and transmit data, often in near real-time, from a wide range of aquatic environments to assess the quality of the Nation’s water resources. Common instrumentation for high-frequency water-quality data collection uses a multi-parameter sonde, which typically has sensors that measure and record water temperature, specific conductance, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Nitrate, turbidity, and fluorescent dissolved organic matter can also be monitored at high frequency.</p><p>High-frequency groundwater-quality monitoring stations provide high-resolution time-series data to improve understanding of the timing of water-quality changes in the subsurface, especially for aquifer systems with short groundwater-residence times. High-frequency time-series data are used to monitor surface-water to groundwater interaction, quantify contaminant transport rates, and study water-quality variability in relation to variability of precipitation and groundwater pumping rates. High-frequency monitoring for contaminants or their surrogates have the added benefit of providing an early warning to protect valuable or sensitive aquifer resources. High-frequency time-series data also reveal short-term trends in groundwater quality, which may not be identifiable from monthly or annual sampling programs which facilitate the interpretation of decadal conditions. Systematic application of water-quality sonde operational procedures and a standard record-computation process are part of the required quality assurance for producing and documenting complete and accurate high-frequency groundwater-quality monitoring records. To collect quality high-frequency groundwater times-series data, water-quality sondes and sensors require careful field operation, cleaning, and calibration, as well as specific procedures for data computation, evaluation, review, and publication of final records.</p><p>This report provides guidelines for the use of water-quality sondes and sensors for high-frequency groundwater-quality monitoring and updates the guidance pertaining to standardized records computation procedures for a wide range of groundwater environments. This report builds on previous continuous surface-water-quality monitoring guidance documentation for water temperature, specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, and nitrate. The specific groundwater-quality monitoring guidelines presented in this report address station selection, design, installation, and operations; sonde and sensor inspections and cleaning and calibration methods; troubleshooting procedures; data evaluations, data corrections, and record computations; and record review, approval, and auditing procedures for the groundwater environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm1D7","usgsCitation":"Mathany, T.M., Saraceno, J.F., and Kulongoski, J.T., 2019, Guidelines and standard procedures for high-frequency groundwater-quality monitoring stations—Design, operation, and record computation: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 1–D7, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm1D7.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 54; 3 Appendices; Data Release","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-088740","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d7/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":367364,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d7/tm1d7_appendix2_field_form.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"60 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"TM 1D7","linkHelpText":" — U.S. Geological Survey High-Frequency Groundwater-Quality Field Form"},{"id":367323,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QLWSBS","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Electrical conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen time-series data generated from the short-term precision experiment and the long-term field precision analysis to characterize water-quality sondes for the Guidelines and Standard Procedures for High-Frequency Groundwater-Quality Monitoring Station Techniques and Methods Report."},{"id":367348,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d7/tm1d7_fig_6-1ab_form_.pdf","text":"Appendix 6","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 1D7","linkHelpText":" — Example of a High-Frequency Groundwater-Quality Record Approver Checklist"},{"id":367300,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d7/tm1d7_.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 1D7"},{"id":367347,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d7/tm1d7_fig_5-1ab_form_.pdf","text":"Appendix 5","size":"2.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 1D7","linkHelpText":" — Example of a High-Frequency Groundwater-Quality Record Analyst Checklist"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\">Director</a>,<br><a href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov\">California Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>6000 J Street, Placer Hall<br>Sacramento, California 95819</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Purpose and Scope</li><li>Guidelines and Standard Procedures</li><li>Record Computation</li><li>Record-Computation Procedures</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendixes 1–6</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2019-09-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathany, Timothy M. 0000-0002-4747-5113 tmathany@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-5113","contributorId":191771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathany","given":"Timothy","email":"tmathany@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":217534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John Franco","affiliations":[{"id":37342,"text":"California Department of Water Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154 kulongos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":173457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin","email":"kulongos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70206677,"text":"70206677 - 2019 - Evidence of region‐wide bat population decline from long‐term monitoring and Bayesian occupancy models with empirically informed priors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-15T16:03:38","indexId":"70206677","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-11T15:46:47","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of region‐wide bat population decline from long‐term monitoring and Bayesian occupancy models with empirically informed priors","docAbstract":"<p><span>Strategic conservation efforts for cryptic species, especially bats, are hindered by limited understanding of distribution and population trends. Integrating long‐term encounter surveys with multi‐season occupancy models provides a solution whereby inferences about changing occupancy probabilities and latent changes in abundance can be supported. When harnessed to a Bayesian inferential paradigm, this modeling framework offers flexibility for conservation programs that need to update prior model‐based understanding about at‐risk species with new data. This scenario is exemplified by a bat monitoring program in the Pacific Northwestern United States in which results from 8&nbsp;years of surveys from 2003 to 2010 require updating with new data from 2016 to 2018. The new data were collected after the arrival of bat white‐nose syndrome and expansion of wind power generation, stressors expected to cause population declines in at least two vulnerable species, little brown bat (</span><i>Myotis lucifugus</i><span>) and the hoary bat (</span><i>Lasiurus cinereus</i><span>). We used multi‐season occupancy models with empirically informed prior distributions drawn from previous occupancy results (2003–2010) to assess evidence of contemporary decline in these two species. Empirically informed priors provided the bridge across the two monitoring periods and increased precision of parameter posterior distributions, but did not alter inferences relative to use of vague priors. We found evidence of region‐wide summertime decline for the hoary bat (</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/da39f929-a37b-4ef9-9420-c6f4bfe40083/ece35612-math-0001.png\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:20457758:media:ece35612:ece35612-math-0001\" data-mce-src=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/da39f929-a37b-4ef9-9420-c6f4bfe40083/ece35612-math-0001.png\"><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.86&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.10) since 2010, but no evidence of decline for the little brown bat (</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/3af7a05c-e0f3-4ccc-a03b-47cbf6affca2/ece35612-math-0002.png\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:20457758:media:ece35612:ece35612-math-0002\" data-mce-src=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/3af7a05c-e0f3-4ccc-a03b-47cbf6affca2/ece35612-math-0002.png\"><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.1&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.10). White‐nose syndrome was documented in the region in 2016 and may not yet have caused regional impact to the little brown bat. However, our discovery of hoary bat decline is consistent with the hypothesis that the longer duration and greater geographic extent of the wind energy stressor (collision and barotrauma) have impacted the species. These hypotheses can be evaluated and updated over time within our framework of pre–post impact monitoring and modeling. Our approach provides the foundation for a strategic evidence‐based conservation system and contributes to a growing preponderance of evidence from multiple lines of inquiry that bat species are declining.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.5612","usgsCitation":"Rodhouse, T.J., Rodriguez, R.M., Banner, K.M., Ormsbee, P.C., Barnett, J., and Irvine, K., 2019, Evidence of region‐wide bat population decline from long‐term monitoring and Bayesian occupancy models with empirically informed priors: Ecology and Evolution, v. 9, no. 19, p. 11078-11088, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5612.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"11078","endPage":"11088","ipdsId":"IP-107039","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5612","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.8486328125,\n              41.75492216766298\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.806640625,\n              41.75492216766298\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.806640625,\n              49.081062364320736\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.8486328125,\n              49.081062364320736\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.8486328125,\n              41.75492216766298\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodhouse, Thomas J.","contributorId":173361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodhouse","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Rogelio M.","contributorId":220628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Rogelio","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40195,"text":"Oregon State University-Cascades Campus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banner, Katharine M.","contributorId":220630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banner","given":"Katharine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ormsbee, Patricia C.","contributorId":173426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ormsbee","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27227,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Willamette National Forest","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barnett, Jenny","contributorId":220629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnett","given":"Jenny","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn 0000-0002-6426-940X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":220632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70203470,"text":"pp1837B - 2019 - Evaluation of chemical and hydrologic processes in the eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer based on results from geochemical modeling, Idaho National Laboratory, eastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-14T16:58:11.822101","indexId":"pp1837B","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-11T15:03:14","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1837-B","displayTitle":"Evaluation of Chemical and Hydrologic Processes in the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer Based on Results from Geochemical Modeling, Idaho National Laboratory, Eastern Idaho","title":"Evaluation of chemical and hydrologic processes in the eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer based on results from geochemical modeling, Idaho National Laboratory, eastern Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Nuclear research activities at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Idaho National Laboratory (INL) produced liquid and solid chemical and radiochemical wastes that were disposed to the subsurface resulting in detectable concentrations of some waste constituents in the eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) aquifer. These waste constituents may affect the water quality of the aquifer and may pose risks to the eventual users of the aquifer water. To understand these risks to water quality the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the DOE, conducted geochemical mass-balance modeling of the ESRP aquifer to improve the understanding of chemical reactions, sources of recharge, mixing of water, and groundwater flow directions in the shallow (upper 250 feet) aquifer at the INL.</p><p>Modeling was conducted using the water chemistry of 127 water samples collected from sites at and near the INL. Water samples were collected between 1952 and 2017 with most of the samples collected during the mid-1990s. Geochemistry and isotopic data used in geochemical modeling consisted of dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, major ions, silica, aluminum, iron, and the stable isotope ratios of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.</p><p>Geochemical modeling results indicated that the primary chemical reactions in the aquifer were precipitation of calcite and dissolution of plagioclase (An<sub>60</sub>) and basalt volcanic glass. Secondary minerals other than calcite included calcium montmorillonite and goethite. Reverse cation exchange, consisting of sodium exchanging for calcium on clay minerals, occurred near site facilities where large amounts of sodium were released to the ESRP aquifer in wastewater discharge. Reverse cation exchange acted to retard the movement of wastewater-derived sodium in the aquifer.</p><p>Regional groundwater inflow was the primary source of recharge to the aquifer underlying the Northeast and Southeast INL Areas. Birch Creek (BC), the Big Lost River (BLR), and groundwater from BC valley provided recharge to the North INL Area, and the BLR and groundwater from BC and Little Lost River (LLR) valleys provided recharge to the Central INL Area. The BLR, groundwater from the BLR and LLR valleys and the Lost River Range, and precipitation provided recharge to the Northwest and Southwest INL Areas. The primary source of recharge west and southwest of the INL was groundwater inflow from BLR valley. Upwelling geothermal water was a small source of recharge at two wells. Aquifer recharge from surface water in the northern, central, and western parts of the INL indicated that the aquifer in these areas was a dynamic, open system, whereas the aquifer in the eastern part of the INL, which receives little recharge from surface water, was a relatively static and closed system.</p><p>Sources of recharge identified from isotope ratios and&nbsp;geochemical modeling (major ion concentrations) were nearly&nbsp;identical for the North, Northeast, Southeast, and Central INL&nbsp;Areas, which indicated that both methods probably accurately&nbsp;identified the sources of recharge in these areas. Conversely,&nbsp;isotope ratios indicated that the BLR and groundwater&nbsp;from the LLR valley provided most recharge to the western&nbsp;parts of the Northwest and Southwest INL Areas, whereas&nbsp;geochemical modeling results indicated a smaller area of&nbsp;recharge from the BLR and groundwater from the LLR valley,&nbsp;a larger area of recharge from the Lost River Range, and&nbsp;recharge of groundwater from the BLR valley that extended&nbsp;to the west INL boundary. The results from geochemical&nbsp;modeling probably were more accurate because major ion&nbsp;concentrations, but not isotope ratios, were available to&nbsp;characterize groundwater from the BLR valley and the Lost&nbsp;River Range.&nbsp;</p><p>Sources of recharge identified with a groundwater flow&nbsp;model (using particle tracking) and geochemical modeling&nbsp;were similar for the Northeast and Southeast INL Areas.&nbsp;However, differences between the models were that the&nbsp;geochemical model represented (1) recharge of groundwater&nbsp;from the Lost River Range in the western part of the INL,&nbsp;whereas the flow model did not, (2) recharge of groundwater&nbsp;from the BC and BLR valleys extending farther south and&nbsp;east, respectively, than the flow model, and (3) more recharge&nbsp;from the BLR in the Southwest INL Area than the flow model.<br></p><p>Mixing of aquifer water beneath the INL included (1)&nbsp;mixing of regional groundwater and water from the BC valley&nbsp;in the Northeast and Southeast INL Areas and (2) mixing of&nbsp;surface water (primarily from the BLR) and groundwater&nbsp;across much of the North, Central, Northwest, and Southwest&nbsp;INL Areas. Localized recharge from precipitation mixed with&nbsp;groundwater in the Northwest and Southwest INL Areas, and&nbsp;localized upwelling geothermal water mixed with groundwater&nbsp;in the Central and Northeast INL Areas. Flow directions of&nbsp;regional groundwater were south in the eastern part of the INL&nbsp;and south-southwest at downgradient locations. Groundwater&nbsp;from the BC and LLR valleys initially flowed southeast&nbsp;before changing to south-southwest flow directions that&nbsp;paralleled regional groundwater, and groundwater from the&nbsp;BLR valley initially flowed south before changing to a southsouthwest direction.<br></p><p>Wastewater-contaminated groundwater flowed south&nbsp;from the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center&nbsp;(INTEC) infiltration ponds in a narrow plume, with the&nbsp;percentage of wastewater in groundwater decreasing due to&nbsp;dilution, dispersion, and (or) degradation from about 60‒80&nbsp;percent wastewater 0.7‒0.8 mile (mi) south of the INTEC&nbsp;infiltration ponds to about 1.4 percent wastewater about&nbsp;15.5 mi south of the INTEC infiltration ponds. Wastewater contaminated groundwater flowed southeast and then&nbsp;southwest from the Naval Reactors Facility industrial waste&nbsp;ditch, with the percentage of wastewater in groundwater&nbsp;decreasing from about 100 percent wastewater adjacent to the&nbsp;waste ditch to about 2 percent wastewater about 0.6 mi south&nbsp;of the waste ditch.<br></p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1837B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Rattray, G.W., 2019, Evaluation of chemical and hydrologic processes in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer based on results from geochemical modeling, Idaho National Laboratory, eastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1837-B (DOE/ID-22248), 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1837B.","productDescription":"viii, 85 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098993","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415799,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1837D","text":"PP 1837 Chapter D","description":"PP 1837 Chapter D"},{"id":415798,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1837C","text":"PP 1837 Chapter C","description":"PP 1837 Chapter C"},{"id":415797,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1837A","text":"PP 1837 Chapter A","description":"PP 1837 Chapter A"},{"id":367371,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1837/b/pp1837b.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1837B"},{"id":367370,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1837/b/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.16629028320312,\n              43.402054267905655\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.87515258789062,\n              43.402054267905655\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.87515258789062,\n              43.68872888432795\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.16629028320312,\n              43.68872888432795\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.16629028320312,\n              43.402054267905655\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_id@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_id@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"http://id.water.usgs.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"http://id.water.usgs.gov\">Idaho Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>230 Collins Road<br>Boise, Idaho 83702</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Geochemistry Data</li><li>Sources of Solutes</li><li>Geochemical Modeling</li><li>Hydrologic Interpretation of Model Results</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Glossary</li><li>Appendixes 1–2</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2019-09-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattray, Gordon W. 0000-0002-1690-3218 grattray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-3218","contributorId":2521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattray","given":"Gordon","email":"grattray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70205272,"text":"70205272 - 2019 - Willingness to pay for conservation of transborder migratory species: A case study of the Mexican free-tailed bat in the United States and Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-16T09:46:52","indexId":"70205272","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-11T13:00:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Willingness to pay for conservation of transborder migratory species: A case study of the Mexican free-tailed bat in the United States and Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>We estimated U.S. and Mexican citizens’ willingness to pay (WTP) for protecting habitat for a transborder migratory species, the Mexican free-tailed bat (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana</i><span>), using the contingent valuation method. Few contingent valuation surveys have evaluated whether households in one country would pay to protect habitat in another country. This study addresses that gap. In our study, Mexican respondents were asked about their WTP for conservation of Mexican free-tailed bat habitat in Mexico and in the United States. Similarly, U.S. respondents were asked about their WTP for conservation in the United States and in Mexico. U.S. households would pay <span>$</span>30 annually to protect habitat in the United States and <span>$</span>24 annually to protect habitat in Mexico. Mexican households would pay $8 annually to protect habitat in Mexico and <span>$</span>5 annually to protect habitat in the United States. In both countries, these WTP amounts rose significantly for increasing the size of the bat population rather than simply stabilizing the current bat population. The ratio of Mexican household WTP relative to U.S. household WTP is nearly identical to that of Mexican household income relative to U.S. household income. This suggests that the perceived economic benefits received from the bats is similar in Mexico and the United States, and that scaling WTP by relative income in international benefit transfer may be plausible.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-018-1046-1","usgsCitation":"Haefele, M., Loomis, J.B., Merideth, R.W., Lien, A.M., Semmens, D.J., Dubovsky, J., Wiederholt, R., Thogmartin, W.E., Huang, T., McCracken, G., Lopez-Hoffman, L., Medellin, R., and Diffendorfer, J., 2019, Willingness to pay for conservation of transborder migratory species: A case study of the Mexican free-tailed bat in the United States and Mexico: Environmental Management, v. 62, no. 2, p. 229-240, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-018-1046-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-095597","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science 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,{"id":70205261,"text":"70205261 - 2019 - Drought-mediated extinction of an arid-land amphibian: Insights from a spatially explicit dynamic occupancy model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-13T09:52:19","indexId":"70205261","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-11T11:49:59","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drought-mediated extinction of an arid-land amphibian: Insights from a spatially explicit dynamic occupancy model","docAbstract":"Understanding how natural and anthropogenic processes affect population dynamics of species with patchy distributions is critical to predicting their responses to environmental changes. Despite considerable evidence that demographic rates and dispersal patterns vary temporally in response to an array of biotic and abiotic processes, few applications of metapopulation theory have sought to explore factors that explain spatio-temporal variation in extinction or colonization rates. To facilitate exploring these factors, we extended a spatially explicit model of metapopulation dynamics to create a framework that requires only binary presence-absence data, makes few assumptions about the dispersal process, and accounts for imperfect detection. We apply this framework to 22 years of biannual survey data for lowland leopard frogs, Lithobates yavapaiensis, an amphibian that inhabits arid stream systems in the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for factors that govern temporal variation in transition probabilities, as both extinction and colonization rates varied with hydrologic conditions. Specifically, local extinctions were more frequent during drought periods, particularly at sites without reliable surface water. Colonization rates increased when larval and dispersal periods were wetter than normal, which increased the probability that potential emigrants metamorphosed and reached neighboring sites. Extirpation of frogs from one watershed during a period of severe drought demonstrated the influence of site-level features, as frogs persisted only in areas where most sites held water consistently and where the amount of sediment deposited from high-elevation wildfires was low. Application of our model provided novel insights into how climate-related processes affected the distribution and population dynamics of an arid-land amphibian. The approach we describe has application to a wide array of species that inhabit patchy environments, can improve our understanding of factors that govern metapopulation dynamics, and can inform strategies for conservation of imperiled species.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eap.1859","usgsCitation":"Zylstra, E.R., Swann, D.E., Hossack, B.R., and Steidl, R., 2019, Drought-mediated extinction of an arid-land amphibian: Insights from a spatially explicit dynamic occupancy model: Ecological Applications, v. 29, no. 3, e01859, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1859.","productDescription":"e01859, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-095315","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/632180","text":"External Repository"},{"id":367345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Rincon Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.70648193359375,\n              32.66018807572586\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.93170166015625,\n              32.465743313283596\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9564208984375,\n              32.35676318267808\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.66253662109375,\n              32.2546200600072\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.753173828125,\n              32.22674287041067\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.73944091796875,\n              32.15933769278929\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.60211181640624,\n              32.05464469054932\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.3961181640625,\n              32.056972505418514\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.390625,\n              32.15236189465577\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.43731689453125,\n              32.25926542645933\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.58013916015625,\n              32.400834826722196\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.68450927734375,\n              32.491230287947594\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.70648193359375,\n              32.66018807572586\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770597,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Zylstra, Erin R 0000-0002-2536-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2536-0403","contributorId":218873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zylstra","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swann, Don E.","contributorId":218874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swann","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steidl, Robert J","contributorId":218875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steidl","given":"Robert J","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70205273,"text":"70205273 - 2019 - Using social-context matching to improve spatial function-transfer performance for cultural ecosystem service models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-11T11:41:28","indexId":"70205273","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-11T11:32:19","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1477,"text":"Ecosystem Services","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using social-context matching to improve spatial function-transfer performance for cultural ecosystem service models","docAbstract":"Recreational and aesthetic enjoyment of public lands is increasing across a wide range of activities, highlighting the need to assess and adapt management to accommodate these uses. Despite a growing number of studies on mapping cultural ecosystem services, most are local-scale assessments that rely on costly and time-consuming primary data collection. As a result, the availability of spatial information on non-market values associated with cultural ecosystem services (social values) remains limited. Spatial function transfer, if it could be justified for social-value models, would expedite the development of social-value information and promote its more regular inclusion in ecosystem service assessments. We used survey data from six national forests in Colorado and Wyoming to explore the potential for transferring cultural ecosystem service models between forests and specifically to test the hypothesis that transfer performance increases with social-context similarity between transferring and receiving areas. Results confirm this relationship but fall just short of being able to predict with certainty when transferred models will meet the minimum performance criterion needed for defensible use by managers. Social values are highly variable and can be difficult to predict, but our results suggest that with the right combination of indicators spatial function transfer can become a defensible means of generating social-value information when primary data collection is not feasible.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100945","usgsCitation":"Semmens, D.J., Sherrouse, B.C., and Ancona, Z.H., 2019, Using social-context matching to improve spatial function-transfer performance for cultural ecosystem service models: Ecosystem Services, v. 38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100945.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-091558","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467325,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100945","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data 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,{"id":70205274,"text":"70205274 - 2019 - Monarch habitat as a component of multifunctional landscape restoration using continuous riparian buffers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-11T11:31:44","indexId":"70205274","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-11T11:31:37","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5738,"text":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monarch habitat as a component of multifunctional landscape restoration using continuous riparian buffers","docAbstract":"Stabilizing the eastern, migratory population of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) is expected to require substantial habitat restoration on agricultural land in the core breeding area of the Upper Midwestern U.S. Previous research has considered the potential to utilize marginal land for this purpose because of its low productivity, erodible soils, and high nutrient input requirements. This strategy has strong potential for restoring milkweed (Asclepias spp.), but may be limited in terms of its ability to generate additional biophysical and socioeconomic benefits for local communities. Here we explore the possibility of restoring milkweed via the creation of continuous riparian buffer strips around rivers and streams throughout the region. We use a GIS-based analysis to consider the potential of several different buffer-width scenarios to meet milkweed restoration targets. We further estimate the ability of these habitat areas to provide additional functionality in the form of crop pollination and water quality regulation across the entire region. Finally, we estimate the conservative economic value of these ecosystem services and compare it with the lost value of crops associated with each scenario. Results suggest that riparian buffers could be used to meet 10-43% of the total milkweed restoration target of 1.3 billion new stems with moderate management. The value of water quality and pollination benefits provided by buffers is estimated to exceed costs only for our smallest buffer-width scenario, with a cost-benefit ratio of 1:2. Larger buffer widths provide more milkweed, but costs to farmers exceed the benefits we were able to quantify. The large-scale restoration of multifunctional riparian corridors thus has the potential to be a win-win scenario, adding milkweed stems while also providing a variety of other valuable benefits. This suggests the potential to leverage monarch habitat restoration efforts for the benefit of a wider variety of species and broader coalition of beneficiaries.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2019.00126","usgsCitation":"Semmens, D.J., and Ancona, Z.H., 2019, Monarch habitat as a component of multifunctional landscape restoration using continuous riparian buffers: Frontiers in Environmental Science, v. 7, 126 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00126.","productDescription":"126 p.","numberOfPages":"126","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-106057","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467326,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00126","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data 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dsemmens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":1714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius","email":"dsemmens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ancona, Zachary H. 0000-0001-5430-0218 zancona@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5430-0218","contributorId":5578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ancona","given":"Zachary","email":"zancona@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70215104,"text":"70215104 - 2019 - Detection of rock bridges by infrared thermal imaging and modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-07T15:48:15.017733","indexId":"70215104","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-11T10:39:37","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of rock bridges by infrared thermal imaging and modeling","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>Characterization of rock discontinuities and rock bridges is required to define stability conditions of fractured rock masses in both natural and engineered environments. Although remote sensing methods for mapping discontinuities have improved in recent years, remote detection of intact rock bridges on cliff faces remains challenging, with their existence typically confirmed only after failure. In steep exfoliating cliffs, such as El Capitan in Yosemite Valley (California, USA), rockfalls mainly occur along cliff-parallel exfoliation joints, with rock bridges playing a key role in the stability of partially detached exfoliation sheets. We employed infrared thermal imaging (i.e., thermography) as a new means of detecting intact rock bridges prior to failure. An infrared thermal panorama of El Capitan revealed cold thermal signatures for the surfaces of two granitic exfoliation sheets, consistent with the expectation that air circulation cools the back of the partially detached sheets. However, we also noted small areas of warm thermal anomalies on these same sheets, even during periods of nocturnal rock cooling. Rock attachment via rock bridges is the likely cause for the warm anomalies in the thermal data. 2-D model simulations of the thermal behavior of one of &nbsp;the monitored sheets reproduce the observed anomalies and explain the temperature differences detected in the rock bridge area. Based on combined thermal and ground-based lidar imaging, and using geometric and rock fracture mechanics analysis, we are able to quantify the stability of both sheets. Our analysis demonstrates that thermography can remotely detect intact rock bridges and thereby greatly improve rockfall hazard assessment.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-019-49336-1","usgsCitation":"Guerin, A., Jaboyefoff, M., Collins, B.D., Derron, M., Stock, G.M., Matasci, B., Boesiger, M., Lefeuvre, C., and Podladchikov, Y.Y., 2019, Detection of rock bridges by infrared thermal imaging and modeling: Scientific Reports, v. 9, 13138, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49336-1.","productDescription":"13138, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-102814","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49336-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":379177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.981689453125,\n              37.13404537126446\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.83911132812499,\n              37.13404537126446\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.83911132812499,\n              38.14319750166766\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.981689453125,\n              38.14319750166766\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.981689453125,\n              37.13404537126446\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guerin, Antoine","contributorId":236904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guerin","given":"Antoine","affiliations":[{"id":37010,"text":"University of Lausanne, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaboyefoff, Michel","contributorId":242812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaboyefoff","given":"Michel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37010,"text":"University of Lausanne, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, Brian D. 0000-0003-4881-5359 bcollins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-5359","contributorId":149278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derron, Marc-Henri","contributorId":236906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derron","given":"Marc-Henri","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37010,"text":"University of Lausanne, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stock, Greg M.","contributorId":202873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stock","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Matasci, Battista","contributorId":204938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matasci","given":"Battista","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37010,"text":"University of Lausanne, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boesiger, Martin","contributorId":242813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boesiger","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37010,"text":"University of Lausanne, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lefeuvre, Caroline","contributorId":242814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lefeuvre","given":"Caroline","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37010,"text":"University of Lausanne, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Podladchikov, Yury Y.","contributorId":242815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Podladchikov","given":"Yury","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":37010,"text":"University of Lausanne, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70228039,"text":"70228039 - 2019 - How characteristic is the species characteristic selection scale?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T16:15:10.817312","indexId":"70228039","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-11T10:12:41","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How characteristic is the species characteristic selection scale?","docAbstract":"<h3 id=\"geb12998-sec-0001-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Aim</h3><p>The importance of framing investigations of organism–environment relationships to interpret patterns at relevant spatial scales is increasingly recognized. However, most research related to environmental relationships is single-scaled, implicitly or explicitly assuming that a “species characteristic selection scale” exists. We tested the premise that a single characteristic scale exists to understand species–environment relationships within species by asking (a) what are the characteristic scales of species’ relationships with environmental predictors, and (b) is within-species, cross-predictor consistency in characteristic scales a general phenomenon.</p><h3 id=\"geb12998-sec-0002-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Location</h3><p>Nebraska, USA.</p><h3 id=\"geb12998-sec-0003-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Time period</h3><p>2016.</p><h3 id=\"geb12998-sec-0004-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Major taxa studied</h3><p>Birds.</p><h3 id=\"geb12998-sec-0005-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Methods</h3><p>We used data from 86 species at &gt;&nbsp;500 locations to build hierarchical N-mixture models relating species abundance to land cover variables. By incorporating Bayesian latent indicator scale selection, we identified the spatial scales that best explain species–environment relationships with each land cover predictor. We quantified the extent of cross-predictor consistency in characteristic scales, and contrasted this to the expectation given a single species’ characteristic scale.</p><h3 id=\"geb12998-sec-0006-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Results</h3><p>We found no evidence for a characteristic spatial scale explaining all abundance–environment relationships within species, rather we found substantial variation in scale-dependence across multiple environmental attributes. Furthermore, 33% of species displayed evidence of multiple important spatial scales within environmental attributes.</p><h3 id=\"geb12998-sec-0007-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Major conclusions</h3><p>Within species there is little evidence for a single characteristic scale of environmental relationships and considerable variation in species’ scale dependencies. Because species may respond to multiple environmental attributes at different spatial scales, or single environmental attributes at multiple scales, we caution against any unoptimized single-scale studies. Our results demonstrate that until a framework is developed to predict the scales at which species respond to environmental characteristics, multi-scale investigations must be performed to identify and account for multi-scale dependencies. Natural selection acting on species’ response to distinct environmental attributes, rather than natural selection acting on species’ perception of spatial scales per se, may have shaped patterns of scale dependency and is an area ripe for investigation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/geb.12998","usgsCitation":"Stuber, E.F., and Fontaine, J.J., 2019, How characteristic is the species characteristic selection scale?: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 28, no. 12, p. 1839-1854, https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12998.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1839","endPage":"1854","ipdsId":"IP-096833","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-101.849982,42.999329],[-101.625424,42.996238],[-100.472742,42.999288],[-98.49855,42.99856],[-98.490483,42.977948],[-98.467356,42.947556],[-98.448309,42.936428],[-98.444145,42.929242],[-98.437285,42.928393],[-98.430934,42.931504],[-98.42074,42.931924],[-98.34623,42.902747],[-98.325864,42.8865],[-98.280007,42.874996],[-98.25181,42.872824],[-98.219826,42.853157],[-98.189765,42.841628],[-98.167523,42.836925],[-98.14806,42.840013],[-98.137912,42.832728],[-98.127489,42.820127],[-98.107688,42.810633],[-98.094574,42.799309],[-98.067388,42.784759],[-98.062913,42.781119],[-98.059838,42.772772],[-98.056625,42.770781],[-98.035034,42.764205],[-98.013046,42.762299],[-98.005739,42.764167],[-98.000348,42.763256],[-97.977588,42.769923],[-97.950147,42.769619],[-97.936716,42.775754],[-97.921434,42.788352],[-97.908983,42.794909],[-97.888562,42.817251],[-97.879878,42.835395],[-97.878976,42.843673],[-97.875849,42.847725],[-97.877003,42.854394],[-97.875345,42.858724],[-97.84527,42.867734],[-97.828496,42.868797],[-97.817075,42.861781],[-97.774456,42.849774],[-97.72045,42.847439],[-97.686506,42.842435],[-97.657846,42.844626],[-97.611811,42.858367],[-97.603762,42.858329],[-97.591916,42.853837],[-97.561928,42.847552],[-97.531867,42.850105],[-97.504847,42.858477],[-97.49149,42.851625],[-97.470529,42.850455],[-97.452177,42.846048],[-97.442279,42.846224],[-97.431951,42.851542],[-97.417066,42.865918],[-97.408315,42.868334],[-97.393966,42.86425],[-97.376695,42.865195],[-97.368643,42.858419],[-97.359569,42.854816],[-97.336156,42.856802],[-97.306677,42.867604],[-97.289859,42.855499],[-97.267946,42.852583],[-97.248556,42.855386],[-97.218825,42.845848],[-97.217411,42.843519],[-97.218269,42.829561],[-97.213957,42.820143],[-97.213084,42.813007],[-97.210126,42.809296],[-97.200431,42.805485],[-97.166978,42.802087],[-97.150763,42.795566],[-97.138216,42.783428],[-97.134461,42.774494],[-97.131331,42.771929],[-97.096128,42.76934],[-97.065592,42.772189],[-97.033229,42.765904],[-97.02485,42.76243],[-96.99282,42.759481],[-96.97912,42.76009],[-96.96888,42.754278],[-96.96123,42.740623],[-96.965833,42.727096],[-96.964776,42.722455],[-96.961576,42.719841],[-96.948902,42.719465],[-96.924156,42.730327],[-96.906797,42.7338],[-96.886845,42.725222],[-96.860436,42.720797],[-96.843419,42.712024],[-96.806223,42.704154],[-96.801652,42.698774],[-96.800485,42.692466],[-96.802178,42.672237],[-96.800986,42.669758],[-96.793238,42.666024],[-96.76406,42.661985],[-96.746949,42.666223],[-96.728024,42.666882],[-96.691269,42.6562],[-96.687669,42.653126],[-96.687788,42.645992],[-96.709485,42.621932],[-96.711546,42.614758],[-96.7093,42.603753],[-96.681369,42.574486],[-96.658754,42.566426],[-96.643589,42.557604],[-96.63533,42.54764],[-96.632882,42.528987],[-96.628179,42.516963],[-96.625958,42.513576],[-96.611489,42.506088],[-96.603468,42.50446],[-96.591121,42.50541],[-96.567896,42.517877],[-96.548791,42.520547],[-96.538036,42.518131],[-96.528753,42.513273],[-96.520683,42.504761],[-96.515891,42.49427],[-96.508587,42.486691],[-96.501321,42.482749],[-96.478792,42.479635],[-96.443408,42.489495],[-96.423892,42.48898],[-96.396107,42.484095],[-96.386007,42.474495],[-96.381307,42.461694],[-96.380707,42.446394],[-96.387608,42.432494],[-96.413609,42.407894],[-96.41498,42.393442],[-96.408436,42.376092],[-96.417093,42.361443],[-96.417786,42.351449],[-96.413895,42.343393],[-96.407998,42.337408],[-96.384169,42.325874],[-96.375307,42.318339],[-96.369212,42.308344],[-96.368454,42.291848],[-96.365792,42.285875],[-96.356406,42.276493],[-96.336003,42.264806],[-96.328905,42.254734],[-96.327706,42.249992],[-96.330004,42.240224],[-96.322868,42.233637],[-96.323723,42.229887],[-96.336323,42.218922],[-96.356591,42.215182],[-96.35987,42.210545],[-96.348066,42.194747],[-96.347243,42.186721],[-96.350323,42.17744],[-96.347752,42.166806],[-96.33798,42.157197],[-96.319528,42.146647],[-96.310085,42.132523],[-96.301023,42.128042],[-96.279203,42.12348],[-96.2689,42.11359],[-96.266594,42.103262],[-96.267636,42.096177],[-96.276758,42.081416],[-96.279079,42.074026],[-96.278445,42.060399],[-96.275548,42.051976],[-96.271427,42.044988],[-96.263886,42.039858],[-96.256087,42.03808],[-96.246832,42.041616],[-96.238392,42.041088],[-96.225656,42.035217],[-96.221901,42.029558],[-96.223611,42.022652],[-96.238859,42.012315],[-96.241932,42.006965],[-96.240713,41.999351],[-96.236487,41.996428],[-96.225463,41.994734],[-96.215225,42.006701],[-96.206083,42.009267],[-96.194556,42.008662],[-96.188067,42.006323],[-96.183568,41.999987],[-96.192141,41.984461],[-96.186265,41.977417],[-96.177203,41.976325],[-96.156538,41.980137],[-96.141228,41.978063],[-96.129505,41.971673],[-96.129186,41.965136],[-96.133318,41.955732],[-96.144583,41.941544],[-96.136613,41.927167],[-96.136743,41.920826],[-96.142265,41.915379],[-96.159098,41.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,{"id":70215187,"text":"70215187 - 2019 - Ecosystem change and population declines in gulls: Shifting baseline considerations for assessing ecological integrity of protected areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-09T14:30:57.307136","indexId":"70215187","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-11T09:21:23","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem change and population declines in gulls: Shifting baseline considerations for assessing ecological integrity of protected areas","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"ab0005\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"as0005\"><p id=\"sp0050\">In Lake Superior's Pukaskwa National Park (PNP) in northern Ontario, Canada, herring gull (<i>Larus argentatus</i>) population size is used as an indicator of ecological integrity. Since the 1970s, gull populations have declined by 70% suggesting deteriorating park conditions. However, most other rated park indicators show stable or positive trends. Here, we focus on reconciling these seemingly disparate trends through a better understanding of factors regulating PNP gull populations. Lake-wide declines in surface-schooling prey fish may be limiting aquatic food resources for PNP gulls. To investigate this, we examined gull population trends in different parts of the park in the context of food availability. Gull diets were assessed using regurgitated pellets, egg stable isotopes (nitrogen, carbon) and fatty acids. Population declines were more severe in southern PNP compared to northern PNP and inter-region differences in bird diets likely contributed to these population trends. Gulls in the south relied to a greater extent on dwindling aquatic food resources, i.e., prey fish, while birds in northern PNP supplemented their diets with anthropogenic foods, i.e., garbage. Recognizing that regional declines in aquatic food availability have occurred across eastern Lake Superior is important for the interpretation of PNP gull population trends. Wide-scale ecological changes affecting PNP suggest that factors limiting PNP's herring gull population are not park-specific but, instead, reflect broader ecosystem-wide changes. Defining an appropriate threshold based on current knowledge of ecological conditions on Lake Superior is critical for using herring gull populations as an indicator of park ecological integrity.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2019.08.009","usgsCitation":"Laurich, B., Drake, C., Gorman, O., Ivrine, C., MacLaurin, J., Chartrand, C., and Hebert, C., 2019, Ecosystem change and population declines in gulls: Shifting baseline considerations for assessing ecological integrity of protected areas: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 45, no. 6, p. 1215-1227, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2019.08.009.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1215","endPage":"1227","ipdsId":"IP-103057","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2019.08.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":379276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.396484375,\n              47.92738566360356\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.36651611328125,\n              47.92738566360356\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.36651611328125,\n              48.63835378301534\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.396484375,\n              48.63835378301534\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.396484375,\n              47.92738566360356\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laurich, Bruce","contributorId":242913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laurich","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48578,"text":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, Christine","contributorId":242914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drake","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48579,"text":"Parks Canada Agency, Ontario, Canada-","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gorman, Owen 0000-0003-0451-110X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-110X","contributorId":216889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"Owen","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ivrine, Courtney","contributorId":242915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivrine","given":"Courtney","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48580,"text":"Parks Canada Agency, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacLaurin, Jenna","contributorId":242916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacLaurin","given":"Jenna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48580,"text":"Parks Canada Agency, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chartrand, Chloe","contributorId":242917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chartrand","given":"Chloe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48580,"text":"Parks Canada Agency, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hebert, Craig E.","contributorId":242918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hebert","given":"Craig E.","affiliations":[{"id":48578,"text":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70208561,"text":"70208561 - 2019 - Soil and stand structure explain shrub mortality patterns following global change–type drought and extreme precipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-18T06:17:13","indexId":"70208561","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-11T06:46:27","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil and stand structure explain shrub mortality patterns following global change–type drought and extreme precipitation","docAbstract":"(Bradford) The probability of extreme weather events is increasing, with the potential for widespread impacts to plants, plant communities, and ecosystems. Reports of drought-related tree mortality are becoming more frequent along with increasing evidence that drought accompanied by high temperatures is especially detrimental. Simultaneously, extreme large precipitation events have become more frequent over the past century. Water-limited ecosystems may be more vulnerable to these extreme events than other ecosystems, especially when pushed outside of their historical range of variability. However, drought-related mortality of shrubs—an important component of dryland vegetation—remains understudied relative to tree mortality. In 2014, a landscape-scale die-off of the widespread shrub, big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.), was reported in southwest Wyoming, following extreme hot and dry conditions in 2012 and extremely high precipitation in September of 2013. Here, we examined how severe drought, extreme precipitation, soil texture and salinity, and potential competition contributed to this die-off event. At 98 plots within and around the die-off we quantified big sagebrush mortality, characterized soil texture and salinity, and simulated soil water conditions from 1916-2016 using an ecosystem water balance model. We found that the extreme weather conditions alone did not explain patterns of big sagebrush mortality and did not result in extreme (historically unprecedented) soil water conditions during the drought. Instead, plots with chronically dry soil conditions experienced greatest mortality following the global-change type (hot) drought in 2012. Furthermore, mortality was greater in locations with high potential run-on and low potential run-off where saturated soil conditions were simulated in September 2013, suggesting that extreme precipitation also played an important role in the die-off in these locations. In locations where drought alone contributed to mortality, competition negatively impacted big sagebrush. In locations that may have been affected by both drought and saturation, however, mortality was greatest where competition was lowest, suggesting that these locations may have already been less favorable to big sagebrush. Paradoxically, vulnerability to both extreme events (drought and saturation) was associated with finer-textured soils, and our results highlight the importance of soils in determining local variation the vulnerability of dryland plants to extreme events.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.2889","usgsCitation":"Renne, R.R., Schlaepfer, D., Palmquist, K.A., Bradford, J.B., Burke, I.C., and Lauenroth, W.K., 2019, Soil and stand structure explain shrub mortality patterns following global change–type drought and extreme precipitation: Ecology, v. 100, no. 12, e02889, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2889.","productDescription":"e02889, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107245","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.67626953125,\n              41.29431726315258\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.67675781249999,\n              41.29431726315258\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.67675781249999,\n              42.74701217318067\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67626953125,\n              42.74701217318067\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67626953125,\n              41.29431726315258\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renne, Rachel R.","contributorId":213935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renne","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38934,"text":"School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel R.","contributorId":105189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmquist, Kyle A.","contributorId":169517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmquist","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burke, Ingrid C.","contributorId":127653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burke","given":"Ingrid","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lauenroth, William K.","contributorId":80982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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