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The survey was made May 20, 1953, as part of a cooperative program with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The survey was made with scintillation detection equipment mounted in a Douglas DC-3 aircraft and consisted of one flight line, at a 500-foot altitude, parallel to the beach. The vertical projection of the flight line coincided approximately with the landward limit of the modern beach. The width of the zone on the ground from which anomalous radiation is measured at the nominal 500 foot flight altitude varies with areal extent and intensity of radioactivity of the source. For strong sources of radioactivity the width of the zone may be as much as 1400 feet. The accompanying maps show the approximate locations of the areas of greater-than-average radioactivity (at left) and the location of the traverse flown (at right). The abnormal radioactivity is apparently caused by radioactive minerals associated with \"black sand\" deposits which occur locally along the beach in this region. The present technique of airborne radioactivity measurement does not permit distinguishing between activity due to thorium and that due to uranium. An anomaly, therefore, may represent radioactivity due entirely to one or a combination of these elements. It is not possible to determine the extent or radioactive content of the materials responsible for the abnormal radioactivity. The information given in the accompanying map showing the localities of greater-than-average radioactivity therefore, suggests areas in which uranium and thorium deposits are more likely to occur.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem673","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Meuschke, J.L., Moxham, R., and Bortner, T., 1953, Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of the Atlantic Ocean beach, North and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 673, Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 16.96 x 18.69 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem673.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 16.96 x 18.69 inches","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0673/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283304,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0673/report.pdf"},{"id":283303,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0673/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina;South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean Beach","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.2,32.0 ], [ -80.2,34.0 ], [ -78.0,34.0 ], [ -78.0,32.0 ], [ -80.2,32.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b92ffe4b058918d0acb98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meuschke, J. L.","contributorId":53349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meuschke","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bortner, T.E.","contributorId":35224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortner","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048723,"text":"tem692 - 1953 - Geology of Bull Canyon quadrangle, Montrose and San Miguel counties, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048723,"text":"tem692 - 1953 - Geology of Bull Canyon quadrangle, Montrose and San Miguel counties, Colorado","indexId":"tem692","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of Bull Canyon quadrangle, Montrose and San Miguel counties, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":63253,"text":"gq33 - 1954 - Geologic Map of the Bull Canyon quadrangle, Colorado","indexId":"gq33","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic Map of the Bull Canyon quadrangle, Colorado"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":63253,"text":"gq33 - 1954 - Geologic Map of the Bull Canyon quadrangle, Colorado","indexId":"gq33","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic Map of the Bull Canyon quadrangle, Colorado"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T14:19:12","indexId":"tem692","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T10:52:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"692","title":"Geology of Bull Canyon quadrangle, Montrose and San Miguel counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Bull Canyon quadrangle is one of eighteen 7 1/2-minute quadrangles covering the principal carnotite-producing area of southwestern Colorado. The geology of these quadrangles was mapped by the U.S. Geological Survey for the Atomic Energy Commission as part of a comprehensive study of carnotite depots. The rocks exposed in the eighteen quadrangles consist of crystalline rocks of pre-Cambrian age and sedimentary rocks that range in age from late Paleozoic to Quaternary. Over much of the area the sedimentary rocks are flat lying, but in places the rocks are disrupted by high-angle faults and northwest-trending folds. Conspicuous among the folds are large anticlines having cores of intrusive salt and gypsum. Most of the carnotite deposits are confined to the Salt Wash sandstone member of the Jurassic Morrison formation. Within this sandstone, most of the deposits are spottily distributed through an arcuate zone known as the \"Uravan Mineral Belt\". Individual deposits range in size from irregular masses containing only a few tons of ore to large, tabular masses containing many thousands of tones. The ore consists largely of sandstone selectively impregnated and in part replaced by uranium and vanadium minerals. Most of the deposits appear to be related to certain sedimentary structures in sandstones of favorable composition.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem692","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Cater, F.W., 1953, Geology of Bull Canyon quadrangle, Montrose and San Miguel counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 692, Report: 25 p.; 1 Plate: 33.62 x 27.97 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem692.","productDescription":"Report: 25 p.; 1 Plate: 33.62 x 27.97 inches","numberOfPages":"28","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0692/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283313,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0692/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":283314,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0692/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Montrose County;San Miguel County","otherGeospatial":"Bull Canyon Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.875,38.125 ], [ -108.875,38.25 ], [ -108.75,38.25 ], [ -108.75,38.125 ], [ -108.875,38.125 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52737be8e4b097f32ac3db18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cater, Fred W. Jr.","contributorId":36988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cater","given":"Fred","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048618,"text":"70048618 - 1953 - Preliminary geologic map of the Comb Ridge area, San Juan county, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048618,"text":"70048618 - 1953 - Preliminary geologic map of the Comb Ridge area, San Juan county, Utah","indexId":"70048618","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Comb Ridge area, San Juan county, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35767,"text":"b1021E - 1956 - Geology of Comb Ridge and vicinity north of San Juan River, San Juan County, Utah","indexId":"b1021E","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Geology of Comb Ridge and vicinity north of San Juan River, San Juan County, Utah"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":35767,"text":"b1021E - 1956 - Geology of Comb Ridge and vicinity north of San Juan River, San Juan County, Utah","indexId":"b1021E","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of Comb Ridge and vicinity north of San Juan River, San Juan County, Utah"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T14:00:31","indexId":"70048618","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T10:43:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":386,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"671","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Comb Ridge area, San Juan county, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70048618","usgsCitation":"Sears, J.D., and Sample, R., 1953, Preliminary geologic map of the Comb Ridge area, San Juan county, Utah: Trace Elements Memorandum 671, Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 23.35 x 31.02 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70048618.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 23.35 x 31.02 inches","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0671/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283302,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0671/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":283301,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0671/report.pdf"}],"scale":"64360","country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"San Juan County","otherGeospatial":"Comb Ridge Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.75,37.25 ], [ -109.75,37.5 ], [ -109.625,37.5 ], [ -109.625,37.25 ], [ -109.75,37.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b9308e4b058918d0acc2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sears, J. D.","contributorId":60604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sears","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sample, R.D.","contributorId":37408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sample","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71361,"text":"tei313 - 1953 - Progress report on the stratigraphy of the Triassic and associated formations in part of the Colorado Plateau region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-03T14:57:02","indexId":"tei313","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T10:40:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"313","title":"Progress report on the stratigraphy of the Triassic and associated formations in part of the Colorado Plateau region","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic studies involving regional stratigraphy, sedimentary structures, pebbles, and sedimentary petrology are designed to furnish information regarding areal distribution, stratigraphic relationship, source areas, and depositional environment of the Triassic Shinarump conglomerate.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei313","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Williams, G., Cadigan, R.A., Albee, H.F., and Stewart, J., 1953, Progress report on the stratigraphy of the Triassic and associated formations in part of the Colorado Plateau region: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 313, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei313.","productDescription":"32 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei313.jpg"},{"id":285634,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0313/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0316,36.0607 ], [ -114.0316,39.4705 ], [ -109.0539,39.4705 ], [ -109.0539,36.0607 ], [ -114.0316,36.0607 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355952de4b0120853e8c16b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, G.A.","contributorId":102545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cadigan, R. A.","contributorId":57844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadigan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albee, H. F.","contributorId":28984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albee","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":14383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048722,"text":"tem691 - 1953 - Geology of the Atkinson Creek quadrangle, Montrose county, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T14:11:16","indexId":"tem691","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T10:35:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"691","title":"Geology of the Atkinson Creek quadrangle, Montrose county, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Atkinson Creek quadrangle is one of eighteen 7 1/2-minute quadrangles covering the principal carnotite-producing area of southwestern Colorado. The geology of the quadrangles was mapped by the U.S. Geological Survey for the Atomic Energy Commission as part of a comprehensive study of carnotite deposits. The rocks exposed in the eighteen quadrangles consist of crystalline rocks of pre-Cambrian age and sedimentary rocks that rangein age from late Paleozoic to Quaternary. Over much of the area the sedimentary rocks are flat lying, but in places the rocks are disrupted by high-angle faults, and northwest-trending folds. Conspicuous among the folds are large anticlines having cores of intrusive salt and gypsum. Most of the carnotite deposits are confines to the Salt Wash sandstone member of the Jurassic Morrison formation. Within this sandstone, most of the deposits are spottily distributed through an arcuate zone known as the \"Uravan Mineral Bath\". Individual deposits range in size from irregular masses containing only a few tons of ore to large, tabular masses containing many thousands of tons. The ore consists largely of sandstone selectively impregnated and in part replaced by uranium and vanadium minerals. Most of the deposits appear to be related to certain sedimentary structures in sandstone of favorable composition.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem691","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"McKay, E.J., 1953, Geology of the Atkinson Creek quadrangle, Montrose county, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 691, Report: 32 p.; 1 Plate: 30.12 x 27.31 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem691.","productDescription":"Report: 32 p.; 1 Plate: 30.12 x 27.31 inches","numberOfPages":"35","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278600,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0691/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283312,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0691/report.pdf"},{"id":283311,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0691/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Montrose County","otherGeospatial":"Atkinson Creek Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.75,38.375 ], [ -108.75,38.5 ], [ -108.625,38.5 ], [ -108.625,38.375 ], [ -108.75,38.375 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52737be9e4b097f32ac3db1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKay, E. J.","contributorId":57040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70274621,"text":"70274621 - 1953 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory record book 1953","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-17T14:32:52.382334","indexId":"70274621","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T10:30:17","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory record book 1953","docAbstract":"

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) record books are annual journals in which field observations of eruptive activity at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, were compiled by HVO staff for most years from 1912 through early 1966. In addition to descriptive observations, the record books also contain hundreds of annotated photographs and sketches, as well as temperature and transit measurements. When photographs are included, the camera settings and film types used are noted. The field notes, sketches, and photographs used to compile the record books provide an unparalleled record of eruptive activity and were the basis for published newspaper reports and periodic bulletins, such as the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins and The volcano letter.  

HVO staff also painstakingly prepared a second copy of each early record book, virtually identical to the original, complete with photographs and sketches. The original version of the record book was kept at HVO, while the duplicate went to the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, which was created by a group of Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, businessmen to promote HVO’s work. The Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, which dissolved decades ago, held the duplicate books in Honolulu, where they were more readily accessible to the public. After 1923, HVO stopped duplicating the books—at least, no duplicate records for subsequent years have been found. During the decade of the 1940s, preparation of the record books stopped altogether. In 1952, compilation of the record books resumed and continued, with long gaps, until early 1966. Entries in these later volumes are sparse, and these books are little more than photo albums of the episodic eruptions of Kīlauea. 

The original record books were held at HVO and, later, at Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. In 1972, the original record books for the years 1912 through 1939 were transferred to the Bishop Museum, in Honolulu, for safekeeping. These record books are now stored in archival boxes at that institution (accession number 172.265). The duplicate set of record books held by the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association were bound into volumes at an unknown date and turned over to the U.S. Geological Survey. This set of record books, spanning 1912 through 1923, is now housed in the rare book room of the U.S. Geological Survey Library in Reston, Virginia (catalog number 220(950) H3d). The record books for 1952 through early 1966 remain in storage at HVO. After 1955, typed annotations were no longer placed in the record books, and only photographs, most with captions, were included. Although the volumes titled “Record Book” end with the 1955 volume, the photograph albums that followed are similar, and the record book designation is retained for simplicity. Note that the photographs in these albums were not all originally arranged in chronological order. 

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Geophysical abstracts 148-151 January-December 1952: (Numbers 13284-14183): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 991, iii, 287 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b991.","productDescription":"iii, 287 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":344669,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/991/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":289456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/991/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bbc16ce4b084059e8bfec6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rabbitt, M.C.","contributorId":54260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabbitt","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vesselowsky, S.T.","contributorId":78377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vesselowsky","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048721,"text":"tem690 - 1953 - Geology of the Anderson Mesa quadrangle, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T14:08:41","indexId":"tem690","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T10:08:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"690","title":"Geology of the Anderson Mesa quadrangle, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Anderson Mesa quadrangle is one of the eighteen 7 1/2-minute quadrangles covering the principal carnotite-producing area of the southwestern Colorado. The geology of these quadrangles was mapped by the U.S. Geological Survey for the Atomic Energy Commission as part of a comprehensive study of carnotite deposits. The rocks exposed in the eighteenth quadrangles consist of crystalline rocks of pre-Cambrian age and sedimentary rocks that range in age from late Paleozoic to Quarternary. Over much of the area the sedimentary rocks are flat lying, but in places the rocks are disrupted by high-angle faults, and northwest-tending folds. Conspicuous among the folds are large anticlines having cores of intrusive slat and gypsum. Most of the carnotite deposits are confined to the Salt Wash sandstone member of the Jurassic Morrison formation. Within this sandstone, most of the deposits are spottily distributed through an arcuate zone known as the \"Uravan Mineral Belt\". Individual deposits range in size from irregular masses containing many thousands of tons. The ore consists of largely of sandstone selectively impregnated and in part replaced by uranium and vanadium minerals. Most of the deposits appear to be related to certain sedimentary structures in sandstones of favorable composition.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem690","collaboration":"This report concerns work done partly on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Cater, F.W., and Withington, C.F., 1953, Geology of the Anderson Mesa quadrangle, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 690, Report: 34 p.; 1 Plate: 33.28 x 27.88 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem690.","productDescription":"Report: 34 p.; 1 Plate: 33.28 x 27.88 inches","numberOfPages":"37","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278599,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0690/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283309,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0690/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":283308,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0690/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Anderson Mesa Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,38.125 ], [ -109.0,38.25 ], [ -108.875,38.25 ], [ -108.875,38.125 ], [ -109.0,38.125 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52737be9e4b097f32ac3db1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cater, Fred W. Jr.","contributorId":36988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cater","given":"Fred","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Withington, C. F.","contributorId":98394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Withington","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71315,"text":"tei261 - 1953 - The uranium-bearing nickel-cobalt-native silver deposits in the Black Hawk district, Grant County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-06T08:14:44","indexId":"tei261","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T10:03:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"261","title":"The uranium-bearing nickel-cobalt-native silver deposits in the Black Hawk district, Grant County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"

The Black Hawk (Bullard Peak) district, Grant County, N. Mex., is 21 miles by road west of Silver City. From 1881 to 1893 more than $1,000,000.00 of high-grade silver ore is reported to have been shipped from the district. Since 1893 there has been no mining in the district except during a short period in 1917 when the Black Hawk mine was rehabilitated.

\n
\n

Pre-Cambrian quartz diorite gneiss, which contains inclusions of quartzite, schist, monzonite, and quartz monzonite, is the most widespread rock in the district. The quartz diorite gneiss is intruded by many pre-Cambrian and younger rocks, including diorite granite, diabase, monzonite porphyry and andesite and is overlain by the Upper Cretaceous Beartooth quartzite. The monzonite porphyry, probably of late Cretaceous or early Tertiary age, forms a small stock along the northwestern edge of the district and numerous dikes and irregular masses throughout the district.

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\n

The ore deposits are in fissure veins that contain silver, cobalt, and uranium. The ore minerals, which include native silver, niccolite, millerite, skutterudite, nickel skutterudite, bismuthinite, pitchblende, and sphalerite, are in a carbonate gangue in narrow, persistent veins, most of which trend northeasterly. Pitchblende has been identified in the Black Hawk and the Alhabra deposits and unidentified radioactive minerals were found at five other localities. The deposits that contain the radioactive minerals constitude a belt 600 to 1,500 feet wide that trends about N. 45° E., and is approximately parallel to the southeastern boundary of the monzonite porphyry stock. All the major ore deposits are in the quartz diorite gneiss in close proximity to the monzonite porphyry.

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\n

The ore deposits are similar to the deposits at Great Bear Lake, Canada, and Joachimstahl, Czechoslovakia.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei261","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Gillerman, E., and Whitebread, D.H., 1953, The uranium-bearing nickel-cobalt-native silver deposits in the Black Hawk district, Grant County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 261, Report: 41 p.; 5 Plates: 30.43 x 23.46 inches and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei261.","productDescription":"Report: 41 p.; 5 Plates: 30.43 x 23.46 inches and smaller","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei261.jpg"},{"id":285626,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0261/figure-2.pdf"},{"id":285629,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0261/figure-8.pdf"},{"id":285630,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0261/report.pdf"},{"id":285627,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0261/figure-3.pdf"},{"id":285628,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0261/figure-7.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Grant County","otherGeospatial":"Black Hawk District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.516667,32.5 ], [ -108.516667,32.516667 ], [ -108.483333,32.516667 ], [ -108.483333,32.5 ], [ -108.516667,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535595a0e4b0120853e8c295","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillerman, Elliot","contributorId":35741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillerman","given":"Elliot","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitebread, Donald H.","contributorId":32674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitebread","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70110593,"text":"tei222 - 1953 - Radioactive source materials in Los Estados Unidos de Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T08:32:31","indexId":"tei222","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T09:58:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"222","title":"Radioactive source materials in Los Estados Unidos de Venezuela","docAbstract":"

This report summarizes the data available on radioactive source materials in Los Estados Unidos de Venezuela accumulated by geologists of the Direccions Tecnica de Geolgia and antecedent agencies prior to June 1951, and the writers from June to November 1951.

\n
\n

The investigation comprised preliminary study, field examination, office studies, and the preparation of this report, in which the areas and localities examined are described in detail, the uranium potentialities of Venezuela are summarized, and recommendations are made. Preliminary study was made to select areas and rock types that were known or reported to be radioactive or that geologic experience suggests would be favorable host for uranium deposits, In the office, a study of gamma-ray well logs was started as one means of amassing general radiometric data and of rapidly scanning many of ye rocks in northern Venezuela; gamma-ray logs from about 140 representative wells were examined and their peaks of gamma intensity evaluated; in addition samples were analyzed radiometrically, and petrographically.

\n
\n

Radiometic reconnaissance was made in the field during about 3 months of 1951, or about 12 areas, including over 100 localities in the State of Miranda, Carabobo, Yaracuy, Falcon, Lara, Trujillo, Zulia, Merida, Tachira, Bolivar, and Territory Delta Amacuro. During the course of the investigation, both in the filed and office, information was given about geology of uranium deposits, and in techniques used in prospecting and analysis. All studies and this report are designed to supplement and to strengthen the Direccion Tecnica de Geologias's program of investigation of radioactive source in Venezuela now in progress.

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\n

The uranium potentialities of Los Estados de Venezuela are excellent for large, low-grade deposits of uraniferous phospahtic shales containing from 0.002 to 0.027 percent uranium; fair, for small or moderate-sized, low-grade placer deposits of thorium, rare-earth, and uranium minerals; poor, for high-grade hydrothermal pitchblende deposits; and highly possible for small, medium- to high-grade despots of carnotite-or copper-uranium bearing sandstone.

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\n

Recommendations for the Venezuelan uranium program include 1) the systematic collection of a mass general radiometric data by examining sample collections, expanding the gamma-ray program, encouraging the use of Geiger counter by field geologists, and by enlisting the aid of the general public; 2) , the examination of specific areas or localities, chosen on the basis of geologic favorability from the results of the amassing of data, or obtained by hints and rumors; 3), the organization of a unit within the Direccion Tecnica de Geologica to direct, collection, and collate metric data.

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\n

It is emphasized that to be most fruitful the program requires the application of sounds and imaginative geologic theory.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei222","usgsCitation":"Wyant, D., Sharp, W.N., and Rodriguez, C.P., 1953, Radioactive source materials in Los Estados Unidos de Venezuela: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 222, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei222.","productDescription":"116 p.","numberOfPages":"117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288255,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0222/report.pdf"}],"country":"Venezuela","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.35,0.65 ], [ -73.35,12.49 ], [ -59.81,12.49 ], [ -59.81,0.65 ], [ -73.35,0.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385b3fde4b09e18fc023a8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wyant, Donald G.","contributorId":75950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyant","given":"Donald G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, William N.","contributorId":18751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriguez, Carlos Ponte","contributorId":26223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"Ponte","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048717,"text":"tem678 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey of the Gulf of Mexico beach between Sanibel Island and Caladesi Island, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T14:08:05","indexId":"tem678","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T09:48:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"678","title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of the Gulf of Mexico beach between Sanibel Island and Caladesi Island, Florida","docAbstract":"The accompanying map shows the results of an airborne radioactivity survey along the Gulf of Mexico beach between Sanibel Island and Caladesi Island in Florida. This survey was made May 4, 1953, as part of a cooperative program with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The survey was made with scintillation detection equipment mounted in a Douglas DC-3 aircraft and consisted of one flight line, at a 500-foot altitude , parallel to the beach. The vertical projection of the flight line coincided approximately with the landward limit of the modern beach. The width of the zone on the ground from which anomalous radiation is measured at the nominal 500 foot flight altitude varies with the areal extent and intensity of the radioactivity the width of the zone may be as much as 1400 feet. The accompanying map and index map show the approximate locations of the areas of greater-than-average radioactivity and the location of the traverse flown. The abnormal radioactivity is apparently caused by radioactive minerals associated with \"black sand\" deposits which occur locally along the beach in the region. The present technique of airborne radioactivity measurement does not permit distinguishing between activity due to thorium and that due to uranium. An anomaly, therefore, may represent radioactivity due entirely to one or to a combination of these elements. It is not possible to determine the extent or radioactive content of the materials responsible for the abnormal radioactivity. The information given in the accompanying map showing the localities of greater-than-average radioactivity therefore, suggests area in which uranium or thorium deposits are more likely to occur.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem678","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Meuschke, J.L., Moxham, R., and Bortner, T., 1953, Airborne radioactivity survey of the Gulf of Mexico beach between Sanibel Island and Caladesi Island, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 678, Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 16.13 x 21.22 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem678.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 16.13 x 21.22 inches","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0678/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283306,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0678/report.pdf"},{"id":283307,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0678/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Sanibel Island;Caladesi Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.0,26.0 ], [ -83.0,28.1 ], [ -82.0,28.1 ], [ -82.0,26.0 ], [ -83.0,26.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52737be2e4b097f32ac3daee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meuschke, J. L.","contributorId":53349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meuschke","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bortner, T.E.","contributorId":35224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortner","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":71244,"text":"tei172 - 1953 - Preliminary reconnaissance survey for thorium, uranium, and rare-earth oxides, Bear Lodge Mountains, Crook County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-03T12:51:26","indexId":"tei172","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T09:23:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"172","title":"Preliminary reconnaissance survey for thorium, uranium, and rare-earth oxides, Bear Lodge Mountains, Crook County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"

An area about 6 miles north of Sundance, in the Bear Lodge Mountains, in Crook County, Wyo., was examined during August 1950 for thorium, uranium, and rare-earth oxides and samples were collected.

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\n

Uranium is known to occur in fluorite veins and iron-manganese veins and in the igneous rocks of Tertiary age that compose the core of the Bear Lodge Mountains. The uranium content of the samples ranges from 0.001 to 0.015 percent in those from the fluorite veins, from 0.005 to 0.018 percent in those from the iron-manganese veins, and from 0.001 to 0.017 percent in those from the igneous rocks. The radioactivity of the samples is more than that expected from the uranium content. Thorium accounts for most of this discrepancy. The thorium oxide content of samples ranges from 0.07 to 0.25 percent in those from the iron-manganese veins and from 0.07 to 0.39 percent in those from the sedimentary rocks, and from0.04 to 0.30 in those from the igneous rocks.

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\n

Rare-earth oxides occur in iron-manganese veins and in zones of altered igneous rocks. The veins contain from 0.16 to 12.99 percent rare-earth oxides, and the igneous rocks, except for two localities, contain from 0.01 to 0.42 percent rare-earth oxides. Inclusions of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks in the intrusive rocks contain from 0.07 to 2.01 percent rare-earth oxides.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei172","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Wilmarth, V., and Johnson, D.H., 1953, Preliminary reconnaissance survey for thorium, uranium, and rare-earth oxides, Bear Lodge Mountains, Crook County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 172, Report: 26 p.; 2 Plates: 30.99 x 29.34 inches and 15.10 x 20.60 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei172.","productDescription":"Report: 26 p.; 2 Plates: 30.99 x 29.34 inches and 15.10 x 20.60 inches","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei172.jpg"},{"id":285601,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0172/figure-2.pdf"},{"id":285602,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0172/table-4.pdf"},{"id":285603,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0172/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Crook County","otherGeospatial":"Bear Lodge Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.0874,44.1791 ], [ -105.0874,45.0004 ], [ -104.0546,45.0004 ], [ -104.0546,44.1791 ], [ -105.0874,44.1791 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559528e4b0120853e8c151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilmarth, V.R.","contributorId":20803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmarth","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048603,"text":"tem644 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of Atlantic Ocean beach, Virginia to Florida","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048603,"text":"tem644 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of Atlantic Ocean beach, Virginia to Florida","indexId":"tem644","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of Atlantic Ocean beach, Virginia to Florida"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":51597,"text":"ofr53286 - 1953 - Radioactivity anomalies detected along parts of the Atlantic Ocean beach from Cape Henry, Virginia, to Cape Fear, North Carolina, and from Savannah Beach, Georgia, to Miami Beach, Florida","indexId":"ofr53286","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Radioactivity anomalies detected along parts of the Atlantic Ocean beach from Cape Henry, Virginia, to Cape Fear, North Carolina, and from Savannah Beach, Georgia, to Miami Beach, Florida"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":51597,"text":"ofr53286 - 1953 - Radioactivity anomalies detected along parts of the Atlantic Ocean beach from Cape Henry, Virginia, to Cape Fear, North Carolina, and from Savannah Beach, Georgia, to Miami Beach, Florida","indexId":"ofr53286","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Radioactivity anomalies detected along parts of the Atlantic Ocean beach from Cape Henry, Virginia, to Cape Fear, North Carolina, and from Savannah Beach, Georgia, to Miami Beach, Florida"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T13:58:55","indexId":"tem644","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T09:18:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"644","title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of Atlantic Ocean beach, Virginia to Florida","docAbstract":"The accompanying maps show the results of an airborne radioactivity survey along the Atlantic Ocean beach from Cape Henry, Virginia to Cape Fear, North Carolina and from Savannah Bach Georgia to Miami Beach, Florida. The survey was made March 23-24, 1953, as part of a cooperative program with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The survey was made with scintillation detection equipment mounted in a Douglas DC-3 aircraft and consisted of one flight line, at a 500-foot altitude, parallel to the beach. The vertical projection of the flight line coincided approximately with the landward limit of the modern beach. The width of the zone on the ground from which anomalous radiation is measured at the normal 500 foot flight altitude varies with the areal extent radioactivity of the source. For strong sources of radioactivity the width of the zone would be as much as 1,400 feet. The location of the flight lines is shown on the index map below. No abnormal radioactivity was detected along the northern flight line between Cape Henry, Virginia and Cape Fear, North Carolina. Along the southern flight line fourteen areas of abnormal radioactivity were detected between Savannah Beach, Georgia and Anastasia Island, Florida as shown on the map on the left. The abnormal radioactivity is apparently due to radioactive minerals associated with \"black sand\" deposits with occur locally along the beach in this region. The present technique of airborne radioactivity measurement does not permit distinguishing between activity sue to thorium and that due to uranium. An anomaly, therefore, may represent radioactivity due entirely to one or to a combination of these elements. It is not possible to determine the extent or radioactive content of the materials responsible for the abnormal radioactivity. The information given on the accompanying map indicates only those localities of greater-than-average radioactivity and, therefore suggest areas in which uranium and thorium deposits are more likely to occur.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem644","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Moxham, R., and Johnson, R., 1953, Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of Atlantic Ocean beach, Virginia to Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 644, Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 14.53 x 21.38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem644.","productDescription":"Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 14.53 x 21.38 inches","numberOfPages":"3","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0644/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283297,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0644/report.pdf"},{"id":283296,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0644/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida;Georgia;North Carolina;South Carolina;Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean Beach","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.8,29.6 ], [ -81.8,32.2 ], [ -80.8,32.2 ], [ -80.8,29.6 ], [ -81.8,29.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b92e4e4b058918d0acaf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, R.W.","contributorId":83194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048714,"text":"tem676 - 1953 - Distribution of coarse- and fire-grained rocks in the Wasatch formation and their relationship to uranium deposits, Powder River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T14:07:26","indexId":"tem676","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T09:17:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"676","title":"Distribution of coarse- and fire-grained rocks in the Wasatch formation and their relationship to uranium deposits, Powder River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"A brief study of the areal distribution of the various rock types of the Wasatch formation in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, was made during the summer of 1952. In the south and central parts if the basin, the Wasatch formation appears to contain coarser-grained rocks in contrast to the northern part, which contain relatively no coarser-grained rocks. The finer-grained rocks are abundant in the northern and central parts of the basin but relatively scare in the southern part. 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No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"McLain, A.L., and Nielsen, W.L., 1953, Directing the movement of fish with electricity: Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 93, 24 p.","productDescription":"24 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101779,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/content/directing-movement-fish-electricity","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64abc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLain, Alberton L.","contributorId":15561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLain","given":"Alberton","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, Willis L.","contributorId":20864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Willis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39173,"text":"pp248C - 1953 - Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 3, Ridgeway-Sandy Ridge district, Virginia and North Carolina; Part 4, Outlying deposits in Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55335,"text":"ofr4379 - 1943 - Ridgeway mica mine, Henry County, Virginia","indexId":"ofr4379","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"title":"Ridgeway mica mine, Henry County, Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39173,"text":"pp248C - 1953 - Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 3, Ridgeway-Sandy Ridge district, Virginia and North Carolina; Part 4, Outlying deposits in Virginia","indexId":"pp248C","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 3, Ridgeway-Sandy Ridge district, Virginia and North Carolina; Part 4, Outlying deposits in Virginia"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":55336,"text":"ofr4473 - 1944 - Virginia mica mines","indexId":"ofr4473","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"title":"Virginia mica mines"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39173,"text":"pp248C - 1953 - Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 3, Ridgeway-Sandy Ridge district, Virginia and North Carolina; Part 4, Outlying deposits in Virginia","indexId":"pp248C","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 3, Ridgeway-Sandy Ridge district, Virginia and North Carolina; Part 4, Outlying deposits in Virginia"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-13T19:56:36.596722","indexId":"pp248C","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"248","chapter":"C","title":"Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 3, Ridgeway-Sandy Ridge district, Virginia and North Carolina; Part 4, Outlying deposits in Virginia","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp248C","usgsCitation":"Griffitts, W.R., Jahns, R.H., and Lemke, R.W., 1953, Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 3, Ridgeway-Sandy Ridge district, Virginia and North Carolina; Part 4, Outlying deposits in Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 248, Report: iv, 62 p.; 11 Plates: 32.08 x 16.83 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp248C.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 62 p.; 11 Plates: 32.08 x 16.83 inches or smaller","startPage":"141","endPage":"202","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":264204,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264205,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264201,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264202,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264203,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66712,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66711,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66710,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66715,"rank":8,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66713,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66714,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104400,"rank":14,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92856.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":264206,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248c/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.83850327959766,\n 37.54881972096965\n ],\n [\n -80.37777336766055,\n 37.54881972096965\n ],\n [\n -80.37777336766055,\n 35.78636565251786\n ],\n [\n -77.83850327959766,\n 35.78636565251786\n ],\n [\n -77.83850327959766,\n 37.54881972096965\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62dbd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffitts, W. R.","contributorId":10428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffitts","given":"W.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jahns, R. H.","contributorId":97961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahns","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lemke, R. W.","contributorId":92319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220371,"text":"5220371 - 1953 - Gamebird weights","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-29T17:05:11.965821","indexId":"5220371","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gamebird weights","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3796802","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A., and Martin, A.C., 1953, Gamebird weights: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 17, no. 1, p. 36-42, https://doi.org/10.2307/3796802.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487048,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3796802","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":193817,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b13fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, A.L.","contributorId":92366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, A. C.","contributorId":33754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39175,"text":"pp248E - 1953 - Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 7, Hartwell district, Georgia and South Carolina; Part 8, Outlying deposits in South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-13T20:21:42.923843","indexId":"pp248E","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"248","chapter":"E","title":"Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 7, Hartwell district, Georgia and South Carolina; Part 8, Outlying deposits in South Carolina","docAbstract":"
No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp248E","usgsCitation":"Griffitts, W.R., and Olson, J.C., 1953, Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 7, Hartwell district, Georgia and South Carolina; Part 8, Outlying deposits in South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 248, Report: iv, 33 p.; 2 Plates: 11.87 x 10.07 inches and 21.63 x 9.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp248E.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 33 p.; 2 Plates: 11.87 x 10.07 inches and 21.63 x 9.93 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":264214,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248e/plate-25.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264215,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248e/plate-26.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":66717,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0248e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104402,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98137.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.43983577007234,\n 34.061476992291105\n ],\n [\n -82.43983577007234,\n 34.82379946299696\n ],\n [\n -83.5842158729899,\n 34.82379946299696\n ],\n [\n -83.5842158729899,\n 34.061476992291105\n ],\n [\n -82.43983577007234,\n 34.061476992291105\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62dc0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffitts, W. 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J.","contributorId":50111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"P.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friddle, S. B.","contributorId":18299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friddle","given":"S.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184457,"text":"70184457 - 1953 - Downstream change of velocity in rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T12:02:51","indexId":"70184457","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downstream change of velocity in rivers","docAbstract":"

Because river slope generally decreases in a downstream direction, it is generally supposed that velocity of flow also decreases downstream. Analysis of some of the large number of velocity measurements made at stream-gaging stations demonstrates that mean velocity generally tends to increase downstream. Although there are many reaches in nearly all rivers where mean velocity decreases downstream, the general tendency for conservation or for downstream increase was found in all data studied.

Computations of bed velocity indicate that this parameter also tends to increase downstream.

Near the streambed, shear in the vertical profile of velocity (rate of decrease of velocity with depth) tends to decrease downstream. This down-valley decrease of shear implies decreasing competence downstream.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.251.8.606","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., 1953, Downstream change of velocity in rivers: American Journal of Science, v. 251, no. 8, p. 606-624, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.251.8.606.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"606","endPage":"624","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.251.8.606","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"251","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277fbe4b014cc3a3e771c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184458,"text":"70184458 - 1953 - Relation of suspended-sediment concentration to channel scour and fill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T12:18:27","indexId":"70184458","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Relation of suspended-sediment concentration to channel scour and fill","docAbstract":"

It is known that during the passage of a flood the channel of an alluvial stream scours and fills with considerable rapidity. Though such changes may be random, it seems more likely that there is a definite pattern of channel change directly related both to discharge and to the sediment load provided to the river by the drainage basin.

In a study by the authors [1] an analysis was made of concurrent values of suspended sediment load and width, mean depth, mean velocity, and discharge at a number of gaging stations. From the data analyzed it appeared that fairly definite relations exist between these variables.

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the fifth Hydraulics Conference, June 9-11, 1952, arranged by the Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the fifth Hydraulics Conference","conferenceDate":"June 9-11, 1952","conferenceLocation":"Iowa City, IA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., and Maddock, T., 1953, Relation of suspended-sediment concentration to channel scour and fill, in Proceedings of the fifth Hydraulics Conference, June 9-11, 1952, arranged by the Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, Iowa City, IA, June 9-11, 1952, p. 159-178.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"178","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":337178,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ir.uiowa.edu/uisie/34/","text":"Conference Proceedings"},{"id":337179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"University of Iowa Studies in Engineering, 34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277fbe4b014cc3a3e771a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maddock, Thomas Jr.","contributorId":14402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39174,"text":"pp248D - 1953 - Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 5, Shelby-Hickory district, North Carolina; Part 6, Outlying deposits in North Carolina","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55341,"text":"ofr4471 - 1944 - North Carolina mica mines","indexId":"ofr4471","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"title":"North Carolina mica mines"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39174,"text":"pp248D - 1953 - Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 5, Shelby-Hickory district, North Carolina; Part 6, Outlying deposits in North Carolina","indexId":"pp248D","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 5, Shelby-Hickory district, North Carolina; Part 6, Outlying deposits in North Carolina"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":55351,"text":"ofr4221 - 1942 - Map of the Big Ridge mica mine, Haywood County, North Carolina","indexId":"ofr4221","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"title":"Map of the Big Ridge mica mine, Haywood County, North Carolina"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39174,"text":"pp248D - 1953 - Mica deposits of the southeastern Piedmont, Part 5, Shelby-Hickory district, North Carolina; 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No abstract available.

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