{"pageNumber":"7038","pageRowStart":"175925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184769,"records":[{"id":70011072,"text":"70011072 - 1953 - The addition of iodine to tetramethylammonium iodide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-23T17:56:36.40131","indexId":"70011072","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2423,"text":"Journal of Physical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The addition of iodine to tetramethylammonium iodide","docAbstract":"<p>The system tetramethylammonium iodide-iodine-toluene has been studied by the solubility method at 6 and at 25°. The compounds (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>NI<sub>3</sub>, (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>NI<sub>5</sub> and (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>NI<sub>11</sub> were found to be stable phases at both temperatures. In addition, the compound (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>NI<sub>10</sub> was found at 6° and the compound (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>NI<sub>9</sub> at 25°. The dissociation pressures of the compounds at these temperatures were calculated from the solubility data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/j150502a025","usgsCitation":"Foote, H.W., and Fleischer, M., 1953, The addition of iodine to tetramethylammonium iodide: Journal of Physical Chemistry, v. 57, no. 1, p. 122-125, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150502a025.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9a3e4b08c986b3223d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foote, H. W.","contributorId":103006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foote","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleischer, M.","contributorId":84069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011071,"text":"70011071 - 1953 - Semiquantitative spectrographic method for analysis of minerals, rocks, and ores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T14:42:20.185096","indexId":"70011071","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Semiquantitative spectrographic method for analysis of minerals, rocks, and ores","docAbstract":"The quantity and complex nature of materials received for analysis in the spectrographic laboratories of the U. S. Geological Survey have emphasized the need for a spectrographic method to determine a maximum number of elements in a limited time with a reasonable degree of accuracy. The semiquantitative method described determines 68 elements in one arcing of a 10-mg. sample. The method has been used to complete 245,000 determinations during a 3-year period. Each determination is reported as a concentration range or bracket (0.001 to 0.01, 0.01 to 0.1%, etc.). A chemical check of 500 such determinations showed 92% in agreement; the remaining 8% agreed to within one bracket. The method requires a minimum of sample handling, thus reducing the chances of contamination, detects low concentrations of elements, and is rapid. Analyses have been completed on a wide variety of materials.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac60080a008","usgsCitation":"Waring, C.L., and Annell, C.S., 1953, Semiquantitative spectrographic method for analysis of minerals, rocks, and ores: Analytical Chemistry, v. 25, no. 8, p. 1174-1179, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60080a008.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1174","endPage":"1179","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480433,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1050559/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":221086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d15e4b08c986b318260","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waring, C. L.","contributorId":96355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waring","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Annell, C. S.","contributorId":24405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Annell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011094,"text":"70011094 - 1953 - Quercetin as colorimetric reagent for determination of zirconium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T22:53:27.504576","indexId":"70011094","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quercetin as colorimetric reagent for determination of zirconium","docAbstract":"<p>Methods described in the literature for the determination of zirconium are generally designed for relatively large amounts of this element. A good procedure using colorimetric reagent for the determination of trace amounts is desirable. Quercetin has been found to yield a sensitive color reaction with zirconium suitable for the determination of from 0.1 to 50 <sub><span class=\"mwe-math-element\"><img class=\"mwe-math-fallback-image-inline\" src=\"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a223c880b0ce3da8f64ee33c4f0010beee400b1a\" alt=\"\\gamma \" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-mce-src=\"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a223c880b0ce3da8f64ee33c4f0010beee400b1a\"></span></sub><span> </span>of zirconium dioxide. The procedure developed involves the separation of zirconium from interfering elements by precipitation with p-dimethylaminoazophenylarsonic acid prior to its estimation with quercetin. The quercetin reaction is carried out in 0.5N hydrochloric acid solution. Under the operating conditions it is indicated that quercetin forms a 2 to 1 complex with zirconium; however, a 2 to 1 and a 1 to 1 complex can coexist under special conditions. Approximate values for the equilibrium constants of the complexes are K<sub>1</sub> = 0.33 x 10<sup>-5</sup> and K<sub>2</sub> = 1.3 x 10<sup>-9</sup>. Seven Bureau of Standards samples of glass sands and refractories were analyzed with excellent results. The method described should find considerable application in the analysis of minerals and other materials for macro as well as micro amounts of zirconium.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60084a026","usgsCitation":"Grimaldi, F.S., and White, C.E., 1953, Quercetin as colorimetric reagent for determination of zirconium: Analytical Chemistry, v. 25, no. 12, p. 1886-1890, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60084a026.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1886","endPage":"1890","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a92e7e4b0c8380cd80aee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimaldi, F. S.","contributorId":94286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimaldi","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, C. E.","contributorId":24915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011074,"text":"70011074 - 1953 - Systematic variation of rare earths in monazite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-23T18:00:21.140045","indexId":"70011074","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Systematic variation of rare earths in monazite","docAbstract":"<p>Ten monazites from widely scattered localities have been analyzed for La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Y and Th by means of a combined chemical and emission spectrographic method. The analytical results, calculated to atomic percent of total rare earths (thorium excluded), show a considerable variation in the proportions of every element except praseodymium, which is relatively constant.</p><p>The general variation trends of the elements may be calculated by assuming that the monazites represent different stages in a fractional precipitation process, and by assuming that there is a gradational increase in the precipitability of rare earth elements with decreasing ionic radius. Fractional precipitation brings about an increase in lanthanum and cerium, little change in praseodymium, and a decrease in neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, and yttrium.</p><p>Deviations from the calculated lines of variation consist of a simultaneous, abnormal increase or decrease in the proportions of cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium with antipathetic decrease or increase in the proportions of the other elements. These deviations are ascribed to abnormally high or low temperatures that affect the precipitability of the central trio of elements (Ce, Pr, Nd) relatively more than that of the other elements.</p><p>The following semiquantitative rules have been found useful in describing the composition of rare earths from monazite:</p><dl class=\"list\"><dt class=\"list-label\">1. The sum of lanthanum and neodymium is very nearly a constant at 42 ± 2 atomic percent.</dt><dt class=\"list-label\">2. Praseodymium is very nearly constant at 5 ± 1 atomic percent.</dt><dt class=\"list-label\">3. The sum of Ce, Sm, Gd, and Y is very nearly a constant at 53 ± 3 atomic percent. No correlation could be established between the content of Th and that of any of the rare earth elements.</dt></dl>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(53)90058-1","usgsCitation":"Murata, K.J., Rose, H.J., and Carron, M.K., 1953, Systematic variation of rare earths in monazite: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 4, no. 6, p. 292-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(53)90058-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba370e4b08c986b31fcd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murata, K. J.","contributorId":18759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murata","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, H. J. Jr.","contributorId":79465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carron, M. K.","contributorId":59492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carron","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011107,"text":"70011107 - 1953 - Separation of antimony by solvent extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:08","indexId":"70011107","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Separation of antimony by solvent extraction","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"White, C.E., and Rose, H., 1953, Separation of antimony by solvent extraction: Analytical Chemistry, v. 25, no. 2, p. 351-353.","startPage":"351","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d3fe4b08c986b3182f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, C. E.","contributorId":24915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, H.J.","contributorId":67121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013778,"text":"1013778 - 1953 - A new adjuvant in the diagnosis of fish furunculosis caused by Bacterium salmonicida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:30","indexId":"1013778","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3683,"text":"Veterinary Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new adjuvant in the diagnosis of fish furunculosis caused by Bacterium salmonicida","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Veterinary Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"35/FH","usgsCitation":"Griffin, P.J., Snieszko, S.F., and Friddle, S.B., 1953, A new adjuvant in the diagnosis of fish furunculosis caused by Bacterium salmonicida: Veterinary Medicine, v. 48, no. 7, p. 280-282.","productDescription":"p. 280-282","startPage":"280","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ac037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, P. J.","contributorId":50111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"P.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friddle, S. B.","contributorId":18299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friddle","given":"S.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011089,"text":"70011089 - 1953 - Method for determination of small amounts of rare earths and thorium in phosphate rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:28","indexId":"70011089","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Method for determination of small amounts of rare earths and thorium in phosphate rocks","docAbstract":"In laboratory investigations, interest developed in the possible rare-earth content of phosphate samples from Florida and the northwestern United States. Because of the difficulty of making chemical determinations of traces of individual rare earths, a combined chemical-spectrographic method was investigated. After removal of iron by the extraction of the chloride with ether, the rare earths and thorium are concentrated by double oxalate precipitation, using calcium as a carrier. The rare earths are freed from calcium by an ammonium hydroxide precipitation with a fixed amount of aluminum as a carrier. The aluminum also serves as an internal standard in the final spectrographic analysis. The method will determine from 0.02 to 2 mg. of each rare earth with an error no greater than 10%. The investigation has resulted in a fairly rapid and precise procedure, involving no special spectrographic setup. The method could be applied to other types of geologic materials with the same expected accuracy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Waring, C.L., and Mela, H., 1953, Method for determination of small amounts of rare earths and thorium in phosphate rocks: Analytical Chemistry, v. 25, no. 3, p. 432-435.","startPage":"432","endPage":"435","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a554ee4b0c8380cd6d1a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waring, C. L.","contributorId":96355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waring","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mela, H. Jr.","contributorId":68033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mela","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011092,"text":"70011092 - 1953 - Determination of traces of cobalt in soils: A field method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:27","indexId":"70011092","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of traces of cobalt in soils: A field method","docAbstract":"The growing use of geochemical prospecting methods in the search for ore deposits has led to the development of a field method for the determination of cobalt in soils. The determination is based on the fact that cobalt reacts with 2-nitroso-1-naphthol to yield a pink compound that is soluble in carbon tetrachloride. The carbon tetrachloride extract is shaken with dilute cyanide to complex interfering elements and to remove excess reagent. The cobalt content is estimated by comparing the pink color in the carbon tetrachloride with a standard series prepared from standard solutions. The cobalt 2-nitroso-1-naphtholate system in carbon tetrachloride follows Beer's law. As little as 1 p.p.m. can be determined in a 0.1-gram sample. The method is simple and fast and requires only simple equipment. More than 40 samples can be analyzed per man-day with an accuracy within 30% or better.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Almond, H., 1953, Determination of traces of cobalt in soils: A field method: Analytical Chemistry, v. 25, no. 1, p. 166-167.","startPage":"166","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffe2e4b0c8380cd4f456","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almond, H.","contributorId":47911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almond","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011108,"text":"70011108 - 1953 - Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of tantalum with pyrogallol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T22:58:35.295691","indexId":"70011108","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of tantalum with pyrogallol","docAbstract":"<p>In a search for a more rapid method for the determination of tantalum in rocks and minerals, an intensive study was made of the tantalum-pyrogallol reaction recommended by Platanov and Krivoshlikov, and a better modified spectrophotometric procedure is given. The improved method consists in measuring the absorbancy of the tantalum-pyrogallol complex at 325 m<i>μ</i> in 4<i>N</i> hydrochloric acid and a fixed concentration (0.0175<i>M</i>) of ammonium oxalate. Beer's law is followed for the concentration range up to 40 γ per ml. Sensitivity in terms of molar absorbancy index is 4775. Most interferences are additive in character and readily correctable. Separations or major corrections are required in the presence of significant amounts of molybdenum, tungsten, antimony, and uranium. The method has been successfully applied to three ores previously analyzed by gravimetric techniques. The method affords greater speed, sensitivity, and reproducibility in the determination of tantalum in rocks and minerals. A more reliable technique for preparing standard solutions of tantalum has been developed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60084a004","usgsCitation":"Dinnin, J., 1953, Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of tantalum with pyrogallol: Analytical Chemistry, v. 25, no. 12, p. 1803-1807, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60084a004.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1803","endPage":"1807","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc0ee4b08c986b3289dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinnin, J. I.","contributorId":50886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinnin","given":"J. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011109,"text":"70011109 - 1953 - Geochemical studies of clay minerals III. The determination of free silica and free alumina in montmorillonites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T23:00:46.723064","indexId":"70011109","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical studies of clay minerals III. The determination of free silica and free alumina in montmorillonites","docAbstract":"<p>Determination of free silica by the method proposed made possible the derivation of logical formulas for several specimens of montmorillonites for which the formulas could not be derived from the analyses alone. Other montmorillonites, for which logical formulas could be derived from their analyses, were found to contain small amounts of free silica or free alumina. Others were found to contain neither free silica nor free alumina.</p><p>The method consists of the following steps: (1) digestion of 1 g of the specimen with 0.5 N NaOH solution in a covered platinum crucible or dish on a steam bath for 4 hrs, stirring the mixture at 30-min intervals, (2) filtration of the undissolved material, followed by washing several times with 1% NaOH solution, (3) neutralization of the filtrate with HCl, addition of 5 ml HCl in excess and determination of SiO and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in the usual way and (4) calculation of the amount of free SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>or free Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>if any and the amount of attack of the clay structure by the treatment from the ratio of SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>to Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>dissolved and the ratio of SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>to Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>obtained on analysis.</p><p>Tests with 5% Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>solution, the reagent formerly used for the solution of free SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in rocks and minerals, showed that solution of opal by this reagent is always fractional, never complete, no matter how small the amount present or how long the period of treatment. Re-treatment of the sample results in 90–95% solution if 10 mg or less of opal is present, but for larger amounts of opal the percentage dissolved decreases as the amount present increases.</p><p>On the other hand, 75 ml of 0.5 N NaOH completely dissolves as much as 400 mg of opal in 4 hrs digestion in a covered platinum crucible or dish, on a steam bath. However, a weaker solution or a shorter period of digestion does not effect complete solution. The same amount (75 ml) of 0.5 N NaOH also dissolves 90 mg of cristobalite and 57 mg of quartz having a grain size of less than 2 microns.</p><p>Use of NaOH also permits determination of the amount of alumina dissolved, and estimation of the extent to which the clay structure was attacked by the treatment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(53)90003-9","usgsCitation":"Foster, M., 1953, Geochemical studies of clay minerals III. The determination of free silica and free alumina in montmorillonites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 3, no. 2-3, p. 143-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(53)90003-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16aee4b0c8380cd55220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Margaret D.","contributorId":97958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Margaret D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221320,"text":"5221320 - 1953 - The effects of DDT upon the survival and growth of nestling songbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-29T17:00:22.192614","indexId":"5221320","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of DDT upon the survival and growth of nestling songbirds","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3796804","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, R.T., Blagbrough, H., and VanEtten, R., 1953, The effects of DDT upon the survival and growth of nestling songbirds: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 17, no. 1, p. 45-54, https://doi.org/10.2307/3796804.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194123,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Research Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.82358536957531,\n              39.05213804748183\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.82358536957531,\n              39.0079813077387\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.7490854859807,\n              39.0079813077387\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.7490854859807,\n              39.05213804748183\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.82358536957531,\n              39.05213804748183\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, Robert T.","contributorId":49020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blagbrough, H.P.","contributorId":27566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blagbrough","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanEtten, R.C.","contributorId":51864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanEtten","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045409,"text":"70045409 - 1953 - Interpreting geologic maps for engineering purposes: Hollidaysburg quadrangle, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:30:15","indexId":"70045409","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Interpreting geologic maps for engineering purposes: Hollidaysburg quadrangle, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"This set of maps has been prepared to show the kinds of information, useful to engineers, that can be derived from ordinary geologic maps. A few additional bits of information, drawn from other sources, are mentioned below. Some of the uses of such maps are well known; they are indispensable tools in the modern search for oil or ore deposits; they are the first essential step in unraveling the story of the earth we live on. Less well known, perhaps, is the fact that topographic and geologic maps contain many of the basic data needed for planning any engineering construction job, big or little. Any structure built by man must fit into the topographic and geologic environment shown on such maps. Moreover, most if not all construction jobs must be based on knowledge of the soils and waters, which also are intimately related to this same environment. The topographic map shows the shape of the land the hills and valleys, the streams and swamps, the man-made features such as roads, railroads, and towns. The geologic map shows the kinds and shapes of the rock bodies that form the land surface and that lie beneath it. These are the facts around which the engineer must build.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70045409","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Pennsylvania","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1953, Interpreting geologic maps for engineering purposes: Hollidaysburg quadrangle, Pennsylvania, https://doi.org/10.3133/70045409.","numberOfPages":"8","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":262,"text":"Engineering Geology BranchGround Water Branch","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045409/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272723,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045409/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.500000,40.250000 ], [ -78.500000,40.500000 ], [ -78.250000,40.500000 ], [ -78.250000,40.250000 ], [ -78.500000,40.250000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516d216be4b0411d430a8a25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000145,"text":"1000145 - 1953 - The effect of ether anesthesia on fin-clipping rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T13:56:55","indexId":"1000145","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of ether anesthesia on fin-clipping rate","docAbstract":"<p>As part of an experimental program to learn the effects of stocking lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Superior, 141, 392 fingerlings were marked at the Charlevoix (Michigan) Station of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in October 1952. The adipose fin was removed from all fish, the right pelvic from the remainder. A random sample of 2, 417 of the fish showed an average total length of 4.0 inches (range, 2.7 to 5.4). The mean weight of all fish marked was slightly less than one-third ounce (49 fish per pound). The local women, none of whom had previous experience in the work, were employed to mark the fish. Bone-cutting forceps were used for excision of the fins, and each worker wore a bobbinet glove to facilitate handling of the fish. On alternate days the fish were anesthetized with ether before marking, to determine the effect of its use on the fin-clipping rate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[80:TEOEAO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Eschmeyer, P.H., 1953, The effect of ether anesthesia on fin-clipping rate: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 15, no. 2, p. 80-82, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[80:TEOEAO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649641","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eschmeyer, Paul H.","contributorId":86719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eschmeyer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000178,"text":"1000178 - 1953 - Fluctuations in the fisheries of State of Michigan waters of Green Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T13:22:01","indexId":"1000178","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1664,"text":"Fishery Bulletin of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluctuations in the fisheries of State of Michigan waters of Green Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Green Bay, traditionally a major center of production, has assumed in recent years a position of overwhelming dominance in the commercial fisheries of the State of Michigan waters of Lake Michigan. Within the 4-year period 1945-1948 the commercial take in State of Michigan waters of Green Bay increased from 3,317,000 pounds in 1945 to 7,909,000 pounds in 1948, and it was 7,782,000 poinds in 1949. At the same time the percentage contribution of Green Bay to the State total for Lake Michigan rose each year, increasing from 36.5 in 1945 to 65.4 in 1949. The tremendous upswing in commercial production in Green Bay can be attributed to the abnormally high abundance of three important species--the lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), the lake herring or shallowwater cisco (Coregonus [=Leucichthys] artedii), and the walleye or yellow pikeperch (Stizostedion v. vitreum)--and to a marked rise in fishing intensity.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fishery Bulletin of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Hile, R., Lunger, G.F., and Buettner, H.J., 1953, Fluctuations in the fisheries of State of Michigan waters of Green Bay: Fishery Bulletin of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, v. 54, no. 75, p. 1-34.","productDescription":"p. 1-34","startPage":"1","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"75","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hile, Ralph","contributorId":48510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hile","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lunger, George F.","contributorId":11550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunger","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buettner, Howard J.","contributorId":82247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buettner","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189740,"text":"70189740 - 1953 - The use of soils and paleosols for interpreting geomorphic and climatic history of arid regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-22T13:01:12","indexId":"70189740","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5468,"text":"Research Council of Israel Special Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"2","title":"The use of soils and paleosols for interpreting geomorphic and climatic history of arid regions","docAbstract":"<p>The study of modern surface soils, and ancient weathering zones, which occur either buried or as surface relicts, has contributed materially to understanding the complex events of the glacial and post-glacial period both in glaciated areas and in regions not influenced by glaciation. Most work of this kind in the United States has been done by geologists.</p><p>Numerous Pleistocene geologists have noted weathered zones between sheets of glacial drift or loess in the middle western United States. These include Condra, et al<sup>5</sup>; Frye<sup>7</sup>; Frye and Leonard<sup>8</sup>; Kay and Pearce<sup>13</sup>; Leighton and MacClintock<sup>15</sup>; Leverett<sup>16</sup>,<sup>17</sup>,<sup>18</sup>; Lugn<sup>19</sup>; Peltier<sup>23</sup>; Schultz and Stout<sup>26</sup>; Schultz, et al<sup>27</sup>; and Simonson<sup>28</sup>. Kay and Pearce<sup>13</sup> interpreted the weathered zones between sheets of glacial drift as profiles of ancient soils which they referred to as gumbotil. Hseung, Marshall and Krusekopf<sup>10</sup> have recently questioned the pedogenic character of gumbotil, but have failed to offer a satisfactory alternative explanation. Thorp, and coworkers<sup>30</sup>, in a general review of buried soils, apparently consider gumbotil a product of ancient soil-forming processes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Desert research: Proceedings (Research Council of Israel Special Publication No. 2)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Desert Research","conferenceDate":"May 7-14, 1952","conferenceLocation":"Jerusalem, Israel","language":"English","publisher":"Research Council of Israel","publisherLocation":"Jerusalem, Israel","usgsCitation":"Miller, J., and Leopold, L.B., 1953, The use of soils and paleosols for interpreting geomorphic and climatic history of arid regions, <i>in</i> Desert research: Proceedings (Research Council of Israel Special Publication No. 2), Jerusalem, Israel, May 7-14, 1952, p. 453-462.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"453","endPage":"462","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":344223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59746421e4b0ec1a48878495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, John","contributorId":190242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184460,"text":"70184460 - 1953 - River meanders and vorticity theorem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T12:33:42","indexId":"70184460","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River meanders and vorticity theorem","docAbstract":"<p>T<span>he serpentine windings of rivers, which in certain reaches attain a remarkable symmetry and are then called meanders, must represent one aspect of the tendency for establishment of quasi-equilibrium in natural streams. With the increase in knowledge of the interaction of forces operating in rivers, this tendency toward equilibrium has assumed a greater significance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/TR034i006p00955","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., 1953, River meanders and vorticity theorem: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 34, no. 6, p. 955-959, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR034i006p00955.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"955","endPage":"959","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":337183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277fbe4b014cc3a3e7718","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70178712,"text":"70178712 - 1952 - Status of development of selected ground-water basins in Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T11:28:53","indexId":"70178712","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Status of development of selected ground-water basins in Utah","docAbstract":"<p>This technical publication consists essentially of abstracts of more detailed reports which have been published. Reference to existing reports are given in the text and in the bibliography, page 114.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","usgsCitation":"Thomas, H.E., Nelson, W., Lofgren, B.E., and Butler, R., 1952, Status of development of selected ground-water basins in Utah: Technical Publication 7, 96 p.","productDescription":"96 p.","numberOfPages":"97","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-4-170"},{"id":331493,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w9200086.pdf"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58468aeee4b04fc80e5236d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, W.B.","contributorId":30282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lofgren, B. E.","contributorId":42579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lofgren","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, R.G.","contributorId":60706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70160626,"text":"70160626 - 1952 -  An interim report on gill disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-04T09:20:00","indexId":"70160626","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" An interim report on gill disease","docAbstract":"<p><span><strong>GILL DISEASE among fish, a disease which is characterized by a proliferation of the gill epithelium, has been attributed to a number of different causes. Generally, there are two recognized types: the eastern or bacterial type, in which long filamentous bacteria can always be demonstrated; and the western type, in which, by definition, bacteria cannot be demonstrated.</strong></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1952)14[10:AIROGD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rucker, R., Johnson, H., and Kaydas, G., 1952,  An interim report on gill disease: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 14, no. 1, p. 10-14, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1952)14[10:AIROGD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56825d27e4b0a04ef4925af1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rucker, R.R.","contributorId":104000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rucker","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, H.E.","contributorId":56757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaydas, G.M.","contributorId":150875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaydas","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70175968,"text":"70175968 - 1952 - Geology and ground-water resources of Lincoln County, Kansas, with a chapter on The chemical quality of ground water, by W.H. Durum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T09:02:48","indexId":"70175968","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Lincoln County, Kansas, with a chapter on The chemical quality of ground water, by W.H. Durum","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Berry, D., and Durum, W.H., 1952, Geology and ground-water resources of Lincoln County, Kansas, with a chapter on The chemical quality of ground water, by W.H. Durum: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 95, 96 p. .","productDescription":"96 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"95","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73dbe4b03fd6b7df2cd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, D.W.","contributorId":24842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durum, W. H.","contributorId":78311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durum","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175967,"text":"70175967 - 1952 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Kansas River Valley between Lawrence and Topeka, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T09:00:14","indexId":"70175967","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Kansas River Valley between Lawrence and Topeka, Kansas","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Davis, S., and Carlson, W.A., 1952, Geology and ground-water resources of the Kansas River Valley between Lawrence and Topeka, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 96, no. 5, p. 201-276.","productDescription":"75 p. ","startPage":"201","endPage":"276","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"96","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73dce4b03fd6b7df2ced","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, S.N.","contributorId":51918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, W. A.","contributorId":173967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70159230,"text":"tei138 - 1952 - Geology of the Quartz Creek Pegmatite District, Gunnison County Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-30T10:48:25","indexId":"tei138","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-06T08:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"138","title":"Geology of the Quartz Creek Pegmatite District, Gunnison County Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The Quartz Creek pegmatite district includes an area about 29 square miles in the vicinity of Quartz Creek in Gunnison County,. Colo. This area contains 1,803 pegmatites that are intruded into pre-Cambrian rocks.</p>\n<p>The rocks exposed in the district range in age from pre-Cambrian to Recent. The oldest pre-Cambrian rocks are chiefly quartzites interbedded with a few arkoses and conglomerates. These rocks are surrounded by more abundant hornblende gneiss and tonalite. A small body of biotite tonalite was intruded and two thin layers of dacitic pillow lava were extruded into this series. The hornblende gneiss and tonalite have the same composition and differ only in texture. The older material (hornblende gneiss) has a well-marked lineation, whereas the younger (tonalite) is equigranular. Subsequently, a large body of quartz monzonite was intruded along the northern boundary of the mapped area. Later, coarse-grained granite was intruded into the southern part of the area. Dikes of fine-grained granite cut the coarse-grained variety.&nbsp; The last period of intrusive activity in pre-Cambrian time is marked by a large number of pegmatites.</p>\n<p>The pre-Cambrian rocks were tilted and eroded, and the flatlying&nbsp; Jurassic Morrison formation was deposited on the irregular surface. This formation is conformably overlain by the Cretaceous Dakota sandstone. Faulting produced a vertical offset of 410 feet in the Mesozoic sediments along the only large fault in the area. At the end of Mesozoic time there was another period of erosion. Tertiary (?) tuff is exposed in small, scattered areas in the southern part of the district. It overlies both the Dakota sandstone and pre-Cambrian formations. Glacial till occurs along the edges of Quartz Creek and Wood Gulch. Quaternary alluvium fills the valley bottoms.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;Although the composition of the country rock has little effect on the shape of the pegmatites, the foliation imposed on this rock has a localizing effect and in part controls the ultimate shape of pegmatites.&nbsp; &nbsp;Zoned and related internal structures are not well developed in the pegmatites of this region. &nbsp;Many of the pegmatites are homogeneous and those that are zoned usually contain a large wall zone and small discontinuous cores. In addition to the more common homogeneous and zoned pegmatites, 7 percent of the pegmatites show a layered structure of textural and mineralogical units not repeated on the opposite side of the pegmatite. Other internal structural units include pegmatites which vary in composition along strike, multiple or &ldquo;line-rock pegmatites&rdquo; and fracture fillings.</p>\n<p>The mineralogy of the pegmatites is described in detail. &nbsp;Specific attention was given to most of the 27 observed minerals. A study of the index of refraction of 439 specimens of plagioclase showed that the variation from zone to zone and layer to layer is minor and that there is no systematic variation in respect to the entire district. No correlation could be found between the refractive index of plagioclase in the pegmatites and the type country rock, or the presence of various accessory minerals.</p>\n<p>Index of refraction determinations on 95 specimens of muscovite showed no constant variation from wall zone to core or from layer to layer. &nbsp;Curved muscovite has identical optical properties with the flat variety. The index of refraction was determined for 189 beryl specimens. The beryl in the pegmatites containing only a wall zone and a core showed no difference between zones, but in pegmatites that have intermediate zones, the indices of refraction of the beryl showed an inward increase in the alkali content from the contact. Beryl occurs with almost all of the pegmatite minerals and is not restricted in its mineral associations.</p>\n<p>Tourmaline, except the black variety, is associated with lepidolite. Dark green and blue tourmaline is found in the outer zones of pegmatites containing lepidolite, and the pink and light green varieties are found in direct contact with lepidolite.</p>\n<p>Lepidolite occurs in aggregates of fine grains, in flat plates, and in curved plates; the three varieties are optically identical. The lighter-colored varieties have higher indices of refraction and contain less lithia than the darker varieties.</p>\n<p>In addition, the occurrence of the following minerals is described in detail: perthite, quartz, martite, biotite, garnet, columbite-tantalite, monazite, microlite, topaz, gahnite, allanite, and an unidentified mineral.</p>\n<p>The lack of alteration in the wall rocks adjacent to the pegmatites is interpreted as indicating that the original pegmatite&nbsp; magma did not have an excess of materials such as B, OH-, and P that are needed to form alteration minerals. Because of their low concentration, the above materials were available only in the pegmatitic magma during its crystallization. Pegmatites that contain the rare minerals such as beryl, tourmaline, curved muscovite, biotite, magnetite, monazite, columbite-tantalite, cleavelandite, topaz, lepidolite, and microlite show a grouping in clusters within the district.</p>\n<p>Beryl-bearing pegmatites occur most abundantly in hornblende gneiss and are only rarely found in either granite or quartz monzonite. The types of minerals that form in a pegmatite appear to be determined by the character of the material segregated from the original magma and the period in which it segregated. The elements escape at one period and may be from only-a specific pocket in the magma. These liquids tend to form groups of pegmatites in which the later bodies contain a high proportion of volatiles.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Inferred reserves of the district are estimated for beryl, scrap mica, both hand-cobbing and milling feldspar, lepidolite, columbite-tantalite, topaz, monazite, and microlite. No sheet mica was found. Reserves are small and transportation costs are high so substantial production of low-priced feldspar and scrap mica will depend on the adoption of economica milling techniques for recovering the large quantities of feldspar available.&nbsp; Beryl is irregularly distributed and its recovery as a byproduct will depend on the establishment of a stable market for feldspar and scrap mica.&nbsp; Lepidolite reserves are small low grade.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei138","usgsCitation":"Staatz, M.H., and Trites, A., 1952, Geology of the Quartz Creek Pegmatite District, Gunnison County Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 138, Report: 288 p.; 11 Plates: 29.61 x 46.75 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei138.","productDescription":"Report: 288 p.; 11 Plates: 29.61 x 46.75 inches or 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Mortimer H.","contributorId":55494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staatz","given":"Mortimer","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trites, A.F.","contributorId":25196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trites","given":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175965,"text":"70175965 - 1952 - Geology and ground-water resources of the North Fork Solomon River in Mitchell, Osborne, Smith, and Phillips Counties, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T08:53:54","indexId":"70175965","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the North Fork Solomon River in Mitchell, Osborne, Smith, and Phillips Counties, Kansas","language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Leonard, A., 1952, Geology and ground-water resources of the North Fork Solomon River in Mitchell, Osborne, Smith, and Phillips Counties, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 98, 150 p. .","productDescription":"150 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":327403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/geologyBulls.html"}],"volume":"98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73dce4b03fd6b7df2cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, A.R.","contributorId":101669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70159220,"text":"tei155 - 1952 - Geology and pegmatites of part of the Fourmile area, Custer County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-30T11:03:16","indexId":"tei155","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T05:15:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"155","title":"Geology and pegmatites of part of the Fourmile area, Custer County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The Fourmile area, Custer County, S. Dak., is in pre-Cambrian metamorphic rocks that surround the granitic core of the Black Hills. The area is on the upright limb of an overturned anticline that plunges about 30&deg; S. 10&deg; E.</p>\n<p>Three new formations of metamorphic rocks are described that have a total thickness of at least 7, 700 feet. The oldest of these formations, the Ruby Creek quartz-mica schist, is more than 6,500 feet thick. The overlying Raver formation, about 200 feet thick, is composed of thin beds of amphibolite and hornblende schist, lime-silicate rock, cordierite-biotite schist, microcline-biotite schist, and other types of rock. The youngest formation, the Ruddock quartz-mica-feldspar schist, is more than 1,000 feet thick. The presence of kyanite, staurolite, cordierite, and sillimanite in the rocks indicate that they have been subjected to high-grade metamorphism.</p>\n<p>About 420 pegmatites were mapped in the Ruby Creek quartz-mica--schist and the Ruddock quartz-mica-feldspar schist. A few thin pegmatites in the Raver formation were not mapped. Most of the pegmatites are concordant with the schistosity and relict (?) bedding of the enclosing metamorphic rocks. They are as much as 250 feet thick and range from 10 to 2,600 feet in length. Nine pegmatites are zoned and are classified as heterogeneous pegmatites. The remainder are homogeneous pegmatites that are poorly zoned. The major constituents of the pegmatites are plagioclase, quartz perthite, and muscovite. The accessory minerals are tourmaline, apatite, garnet, and biotite. Beryl was observed in 15 of the pegmatites.</p>\n<p>The heterogeneous pegmatites contain commercial deposits of potash feldspar, mica (sheet and scrap), and beryl.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei155","usgsCitation":"Lang, A., and Redden, J., 1952, Geology and pegmatites of part of the Fourmile area, Custer County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 155, Report: 60 p.; 4 Plates: 19.73 x 23.88 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei155.","productDescription":"Report: 60 p.; 4 Plates: 19.73 x 23.88 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":310060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei155.jpg"},{"id":310808,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/155/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":310809,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/155/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":310810,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/155/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":310811,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/155/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":310812,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/155/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 4"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Custer County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.8114,43.6852],[-102.8137,43.6792],[-102.818,43.675],[-102.8167,43.6719],[-102.8152,43.6664],[-102.8282,43.6589],[-102.8352,43.6588],[-102.8436,43.665],[-102.8481,43.6649],[-102.8572,43.6557],[-102.863,43.6583],[-102.8646,43.6669],[-102.8773,43.6689],[-102.8812,43.6702],[-102.8863,43.6711],[-102.8964,43.6722],[-102.9072,43.6725],[-102.9115,43.6688],[-102.9107,43.6642],[-102.9164,43.6641],[-102.9194,43.6595],[-102.918,43.6555],[-102.9223,43.654],[-102.9241,43.6494],[-102.9246,43.6471],[-102.9214,43.6454],[-102.92,43.6422],[-102.9243,43.6385],[-102.9275,43.6375],[-102.9323,43.6315],[-102.9314,43.6252],[-102.9325,43.6201],[-102.9356,43.6178],[-102.9412,43.6163],[-102.9526,43.6143],[-102.9563,43.6138],[-102.9626,43.6123],[-102.9664,43.6136],[-102.9709,43.6158],[-102.9822,43.6115],[-102.9854,43.6128],[-102.9922,43.6104],[-103.0016,43.607],[-103.0016,43.5897],[-103.0013,43.4763],[-103.0675,43.476],[-103.1496,43.4762],[-103.4594,43.4764],[-103.484,43.4763],[-103.5017,43.4763],[-103.6311,43.4765],[-103.6551,43.4764],[-103.6936,43.4764],[-103.8627,43.4763],[-103.8741,43.4769],[-103.9315,43.4768],[-103.9537,43.4771],[-104.0539,43.4772],[-104.0541,43.4827],[-104.0542,43.5037],[-104.0546,43.5674],[-104.0546,43.5742],[-104.0546,43.6466],[-104.0547,43.6713],[-104.0548,43.7132],[-104.0549,43.7251],[-104.0549,43.7377],[-104.0547,43.757],[-104.0546,43.7669],[-104.0547,43.8012],[-104.0548,43.8509],[-104.0548,43.853],[-103.5743,43.8564],[-103.455,43.8568],[-103.4239,43.8571],[-103.3407,43.8561],[-102.9834,43.8538],[-102.9612,43.8542],[-102.8749,43.8544],[-102.7473,43.8543],[-102.7086,43.8545],[-102.6877,43.8544],[-102.6876,43.8517],[-102.6918,43.8452],[-102.6886,43.8426],[-102.6886,43.8412],[-102.6885,43.8403],[-102.6884,43.838],[-102.6902,43.8343],[-102.692,43.8311],[-102.6951,43.8283],[-102.6973,43.8187],[-102.6985,43.8137],[-102.6945,43.8101],[-102.6957,43.8083],[-102.6963,43.8069],[-102.6988,43.8041],[-102.6987,43.8014],[-102.6966,43.7969],[-102.6972,43.795],[-102.7055,43.7958],[-102.7073,43.7926],[-102.7078,43.7903],[-102.7134,43.7857],[-102.7177,43.7815],[-102.7232,43.7764],[-102.7308,43.7735],[-102.7357,43.7712],[-102.7357,43.7693],[-102.735,43.7666],[-102.7348,43.763],[-102.736,43.7611],[-102.7385,43.7588],[-102.7404,43.7583],[-102.7435,43.7574],[-102.7491,43.7532],[-102.7546,43.7481],[-102.7582,43.7425],[-102.7638,43.7397],[-102.7751,43.7363],[-102.7718,43.7323],[-102.7718,43.7296],[-102.7767,43.7254],[-102.7779,43.7231],[-102.7791,43.7208],[-102.7841,43.7207],[-102.7898,43.7206],[-102.7972,43.7132],[-102.7984,43.7118],[-102.8033,43.7058],[-102.8005,43.7008],[-102.8011,43.6985],[-102.8061,43.6953],[-102.8098,43.6929],[-102.8129,43.691],[-102.8153,43.6878],[-102.8114,43.6852]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Custer\",\"state\":\"SD\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5626146ee4b0fb9a11dd7629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lang, A.J. Jr.","contributorId":84844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"A.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redden, J. A.","contributorId":62215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redden","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13965,"text":"ofr172 - 1952 - Ground water in the Gila River Basin and adjacent areas, Arizona: a summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-29T08:13:56","indexId":"ofr172","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-04T14:49:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"172","title":"Ground water in the Gila River Basin and adjacent areas, Arizona: a summary","docAbstract":"<p>This report is a resume' of the principal facts collected by the Geological Survey in the period 1890-1952 about the ground-water resources of the Gila River basin and certain other areas in Arizona. Since 1939 the Geological Survey has been making ground-water investigations on a continuing basis in cooperation with the State of Arizona. Since 1940 the cooperating agency has been the State Land Department.</p><p>The occurrence of ground water in fifteen areas that form a part of the Gila River drainage basin is described in this report. The areas are denoted by the name of a town or geographic feature, and are as follows: Duncan, Safford, San Simon, Upper San Pedro, Lower San Pedro, Aravaipa Creek, Upper Santa Cruz, Lower Santa Cruz, Salt River Valley, Rainbow ValleyWaterman Wash, McMullen Valley, Harquahala Plain, Gila Bend, Palomas Plain, and Wellton-Mohawk. Data also are presented for several areas not in the Gila River system, including Ranegras Plain and the Willcox and Douglas basins. A summary of the data is given following the ground-water discussion in each area.</p><p>A series of maps accompany the report, including an index map and maps of the principal areas of ground-water development. The mar,z, show the geology, the location of most of the irrigation wells and irrigated lands, and, where data were available, contours of the water table, depth to the water table, and changes in its position over a period of years.</p><p>Ground water occurs in the region primarily in alluvial fill consisting of gravel, sand, silt, and clay which was deposited in structural troughs between mountain ranges. Ground water stored in these alluvial basins is derived from many sources. The principal sources are infiltration from runoff along the mountain fronts and seepage from irrigation water applied to cultivated lands.</p><p>Of great interest in Arizona at the present time is the rate of depletion of ground-water reserves by withdrawals from storage. Use of ground water in Arizona increased by more than 50 percent in the 6-year period 1'46-51, from 2,400,000 acre-feet in 1946 to 3,750,000 acre-feet in 1951. The areas of greatest withdrawal are in Pinal and Maricopa Counties, in the southcentral part of the State. Maps and hydrographs accompanying this report show that the water table is declining in the heavily pumped areas, indicating that ground water is being withdrawn in excess of replenishment. The rate of decline has been as much as 10 feet per year in the most intensively pumped areas, and has been greatest during the past few years.</p><p>In an effort to compensate for decreased well yields resulting from the decline of the water table in some areas, many deep wells have been drilled within the past few years. The deep aquifers do not represent a new source of water; their water is a part of the common supply of the structural basins in which they lie. The aquifers tapped by these deep wells generally yield less water per foot of drawdown than the shallower aquifers. The water in the deeper aquifers is variable in quality, ranging from water too high in dissolved solids to be usable for irrigation to water lower in concentration than that in the overlying aquifers.</p><p>The quality of the ground waters in most of the region is considered suitable for irrigation. In local areas, however, the ground waters are naturally unsuitable for irrigation and, in other areas, the concentration of dissolved solids has increased sufficiently to make the waters harmful to some crops. The problem of salt balance is becoming increasingly important, not only in the Salt River Valley area, but also in other parts of the Gila River Basin. A discussion of the salt-balance problem is given in Part II of this report.&nbsp;</p><p>It should be emphasized that ground waters in each of the individual areas in the Gila River drainage system are interrelated with ground waters in adjacent areas upstream and downstream. The connection is tenuous between some areas, but in central Arizona the ground waters in the different areas are closely related. Although subsurface barriers to ground-water movement exist in places, they are not everywhere fully effective.</p><p>The ground-water--surface-water interrelationship is important in some areas. Those basins occupied by perennial streams, or by streams having large influent seepage losses, have not shown large, perennial declines of water levels in wells. Effluent seepage of ground water contributes to stream flow in the lower reaches of several basins. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr172","usgsCitation":"Halpenny, L.C., 1952, Ground water in the Gila River Basin and adjacent areas, Arizona: a summary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 172, xxii, 224 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr172.","productDescription":"xxii, 224 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":356900,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/0172/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":291630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/0172/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Gila River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5581,32.6315 ], [ -114.5581,33.3923 ], [ -108.2049,33.3923 ], [ -108.2049,32.6315 ], [ -114.5581,32.6315 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e59e4b0beb42bdca43a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halpenny, Leonard Cameron","contributorId":66698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halpenny","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"Cameron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16406,"text":"ofr169 - 1952 - Perlite deposit near Healy, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-01T13:36:41","indexId":"ofr169","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:33:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"169","title":"Perlite deposit near Healy, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr169","usgsCitation":"Wahrhaftig, C., and Eckhart, R.A., 1952, Perlite deposit near Healy, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 169, Report: 6 p.; 2 Maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr169.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; 2 Maps","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Healy","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -149.664,63.6642 ], [ -149.664,64.2342 ], [ -148.1798,64.2342 ], [ -148.1798,63.6642 ], [ -149.664,63.6642 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53dca9cce4b0761578637761","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahrhaftig, Clyde","contributorId":102473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahrhaftig","given":"Clyde","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eckhart, Richard A.","contributorId":23551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhart","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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