{"pageNumber":"704","pageRowStart":"17575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46883,"records":[{"id":70036145,"text":"70036145 - 2011 - Constraints on the long-period moment-dip tradeoff for the Tohoku earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-27T18:28:49.065243","indexId":"70036145","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the long-period moment-dip tradeoff for the Tohoku earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Since the work of Kanamori and Given (1981), it has been recognized that shallow, pure dip‐slip earthquakes excite long‐period surface waves such that it is difficult to independently constrain the moment (</span><i>M</i><sub>0</sub><span>) and the dip (</span><i>δ</i><span>) of the source mechanism, with only the product&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;sin(2</span><i>δ</i><span>) being well constrained. Because of this, it is often assumed that the primary discrepancies between the moments of shallow, thrust earthquakes are due to this moment‐dip tradeoff. In this work, we quantify how severe this moment‐dip tradeoff is depending on the depth of the earthquake, the station distribution, the closeness of the mechanism to pure dip‐slip, and the quality of the data. We find that both long‐period Rayleigh and Love wave modes have moment‐dip resolving power even for shallow events, especially when stations are close to certain azimuths with respect to mechanism strike and when source depth is well determined. We apply these results to USGS W phase inversions of the recent M9.0 Tohoku, Japan earthquake and estimate the likely uncertainties in dip and moment associated with the moment‐ dip tradeoff. After discussing some of the important sources of moment and dip error, we suggest two methods for potentially improving this uncertainty.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011GL049129","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Tsai, V., Hayes, G.P., and Duputel, Z., 2011, Constraints on the long-period moment-dip tradeoff for the Tohoku earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 20, L00G17, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049129.","productDescription":"L00G17, 6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475422,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl049129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218481,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049129"}],"volume":"38","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa0ee4b0c8380cd4d8ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsai, V.C.","contributorId":41661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112 ghayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin","email":"ghayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duputel, Z.","contributorId":37587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duputel","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036144,"text":"70036144 - 2011 - Thorium abundances of basalt ponds in South Pole-Aitken basin: Insights into the composition and evolution of the far side lunar mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-18T08:49:06","indexId":"70036144","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thorium abundances of basalt ponds in South Pole-Aitken basin: Insights into the composition and evolution of the far side lunar mantle","docAbstract":"<p><span>Imbrian-aged basalt ponds, located on the floor of South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, are used to provide constraints on the composition and evolution of the far side lunar mantle. We use forward modeling of the Lunar Prospector Gamma Ray Spectrometer thorium data, to suggest that at least five different and distinct portions of the far side lunar mantle contain little or no thorium as of the Imbrian Period. We also use spatial correlations between local thorium enhancements and nonmare material on top of the basalt ponds to support previous assertions that lower crustal materials exposed in SPA basin have elevated thorium abundances, consistent with noritic to gabbronoritic lithologies. We suggest that the lower crust on the far side of the Moon experienced multiple intrusions of thorium-rich basaltic magmas, prior to the formation of SPA basin. The fact that many of the ponds on the lunar far side have elevated titanium abundances indicates that the far side of the Moon experienced extensive fractional crystallization that likely led to the formation of a KREEP-like component. However, because the Imbrian-aged basalts contain no signs of elevated thorium, we propose that the SPA impact event triggered the transport of a KREEP-like component from the lunar far side and concentrated it on the nearside of the Moon. Because of the correlation between basaltic ponds and basins within SPA, we suggest that Imbrian-aged basaltic volcanism on the far side of the Moon was driven by basin-induced decompressional melting.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003723","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hagerty, J., Lawrence, D.J., and Hawke, B.R., 2011, Thorium abundances of basalt ponds in South Pole-Aitken basin: Insights into the composition and evolution of the far side lunar mantle: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 6, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003723.","productDescription":"E06001; 23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"South Pole-Aitken basin","volume":"116","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb2e2e4b08c986b325a68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagerty, Justin 0000-0003-3800-7948 jhagerty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-7948","contributorId":911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagerty","given":"Justin","email":"jhagerty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, D. J.","contributorId":84952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawke, B. R.","contributorId":59591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawke","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036136,"text":"70036136 - 2011 - Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:37:02.235544","indexId":"70036136","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006","docAbstract":"Fungicides are used to prevent foliar diseases on a wide range of vegetable, field, fruit, and ornamental crops. They are generally more effective as protective rather than curative treatments, and hence tend to be applied before infections take place. Less than 1% of US soybeans were treated with a fungicide in 2002 but by 2006, 4% were treated. Like other pesticides, fungicides can move-off of fields after application and subsequently contaminate surface water, groundwater, and associated sediments. Due to the constant pressure from fungal diseases such as the recent Asian soybean rust outbreak, and the always-present desire to increase crop yields, there is the potential for a significant increase in the amount of fungicides used on US farms. Increased fungicide use could lead to increased environmental concentrations of these compounds. This study documents the occurrence of fungicides in select US streams soon after the first documentation of soybean rust in the US and prior to the corresponding increase in fungicide use to treat this problem. Water samples were collected from 29 streams in 13 states in 2005 and/or 2006, and analyzed for 12 target fungicides. Nine of the 12 fungicides were detected in at least one stream sample and at least one fungicide was detected in 20 of 29 streams. At least one fungicide was detected in 56% of the 103 samples, as many as five fungicides were detected in an individual sample, and mixtures of fungicides were common. Azoxystrobin was detected most frequently (45% of 103 samples) followed by metalaxyl (27%), propiconazole (17%), myclobutanil (9%), and tebuconazole (6%). Fungicide detections ranged from 0.002 to 1.15 &mu;/L. There was indication of a seasonal pattern to fungicide occurrence, with detections more common and concentrations higher in late summer and early fall than in spring. At a few sites, fungicides were detected in all samples collected suggesting the potential for season-long occurrence in some streams. Fungicide occurrence appears to be related to fungicide use in the associated drainage basins; however, current use information is generally lacking and more detailed occurrence data are needed to accurately quantify such a relation. Maximum concentrations of fungicides were typically one or more orders of magnitude less than current toxicity estimates for freshwater aquatic organisms or humans; however, gaps in current toxicological understandings of the effects of fungicides in the environment limit these interpretations.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Sandstrom, M.W., Kuivila, K., Kolpin, D.W., and Meyer, M.T., 2011, Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 218, no. 1-4, p. 307-322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"218","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bd3e4b0c8380cd748ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036126,"text":"70036126 - 2011 - Amphibian responses to wildfire in the western united states: Emerging patterns from short-term studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T09:47:51","indexId":"70036126","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amphibian responses to wildfire in the western united states: Emerging patterns from short-term studies","docAbstract":"The increased frequency and severity of large wildfires in the western United States is an important ecological and management issue with direct relevance to amphibian conservation. Although the knowledge of fire effects on amphibians in the region is still limited relative to most other vertebrate species, we reviewed the current literature to determine if there are evident patterns that might be informative for conservation or management strategies. Of the seven studies that compared pre- and post-wildfire data on a variety of metrics, ranging from amphibian occupancy to body condition, two reported positive responses and five detected negative responses by at least one species. Another seven studies used a retrospective approach to compare effects of wildfire on populations: two studies reported positive effects, three reported negative effects from wildfire, and two reported no effects. All four studies that included plethodontid salamanders reported negative effects on populations or individuals; these effects were greater in forests where fire had been suppressed and in areas that burned with high severity. Species that breed in streams are also vulnerable to post-wildfire changes in habitat, especially in the Southwest. Wildfire is also important for maintaining suitable habitat for diverse amphibian communities, although those results may not be evident immediately after an area burns. We expect that wildfire will extirpate few healthy amphibian populations, but it is still unclear how populations will respond to wildfire in the context of land management (including pre- and post-fire timber harvest) and fragmentation. Wildfire may also increase the risk of decline or extirpation for small, isolated, or stressed (e.g., from drought or disease) populations. Improved understanding of how these effects vary according to changes in fire frequency and severity are critical to form more effective conservation strategies for amphibians in the western United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.4996/fireecology.0702129","issn":"19339747","usgsCitation":"Hossack, B., and Pilliod, D., 2011, Amphibian responses to wildfire in the western united states: Emerging patterns from short-term studies: Fire Ecology, v. 7, no. 2, p. 129-144, https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0702129.","startPage":"129","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487300,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0702129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218159,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0702129"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9c6e4b0c8380cd48447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hossack, B. R.","contributorId":10756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilliod, D. S.","contributorId":45259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pilliod","given":"D. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036119,"text":"70036119 - 2011 - Zircon U-Pb age of the Pescadero felsite: A late Cretaceous igneous event in the forearc, west-central California Coast Ranges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-29T13:00:33.358513","indexId":"70036119","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zircon U-Pb age of the Pescadero felsite: A late Cretaceous igneous event in the forearc, west-central California Coast Ranges","docAbstract":"<p><span>Downstream grain-size fining in stratigraphy is driven primarily by selective deposition of sediment, and the long-term efficiency of this process is determined by: (1) the magnitude and characteristics of the input sediment supply; (2) the spatial distribution of subsidence rate, which creates accommodation for sediment preservation; and (3) the dynamics of sediment transport and deposition. A key challenge is to determine how these first two factors control the caliber and spatial distribution of deposits over time scales of 10</span><sup>4</sup><span>–10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;yr without incorporating sediment transport details that are largely unknowable for time-averaged stratigraphy in the geological past. We address this using grain-size data collected from fluvial conglomerates in the Eocene Pobla Basin, Spanish Pyrenees, a synorogenic basin where the timing of sediment deposition is well-constrained; the sediment budget is closed; and good exposure enables time lines within stratigraphy to be picked out unambiguously. For successive stratigraphic horizons, downstream trends in grain size and composition are derived for basin-filling sediment-routing systems with length scales of 6 and 40 km, respectively. Our data show that the rate of grain-size fining varies over time and with system length and can be linked to changes in source area. These results are contrasted with grain-size data from the Antist Group, a 60-km-long Oligocene system that mantles the Southern Pyrenees, where very slow rates of grain-size fining on the wedge top of this fold-and-thrust belt are observed. We apply a self-similarity–based selective deposition model to quantify the competing controls of tectonic subsidence and sediment supply on derived grain-size trends, and model results are compared with independent constraints on the Eocene–Oligocene evolution of the Pyrenees. Our results suggest that it is now possible to invert time-averaged grain-size trends in stratigraphy to gain quantitative information on the geological boundary conditions governing the evolution of sedimentary basins.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Ernst, W., Martens, U., McLaughlin, R.J., Clark, J.C., and Moore, D., 2011, Zircon U-Pb age of the Pescadero felsite: A late Cretaceous igneous event in the forearc, west-central California Coast Ranges: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 123, no. 7-8, p. 1497-1512.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1497","endPage":"1512","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd28ae4b08c986b32f882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ernst, W. G.","contributorId":18456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ernst","given":"W. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martens, U.C.","contributorId":92903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martens","given":"U.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, R. J. 0000-0002-4390-2288","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":107271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, J. C.","contributorId":34945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":106496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036076,"text":"70036076 - 2011 - Using multilevel spatial models to understand salamander site occupancy patterns after wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T21:09:59.046297","indexId":"70036076","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multilevel spatial models to understand salamander site occupancy patterns after wildfire","docAbstract":"<p><span>Studies of the distribution of elusive forest wildlife have suffered from the confounding of true presence with the uncertainty of detection. Occupancy modeling, which incorporates probabilities of species detection conditional on presence, is an emerging approach for reducing observation bias. However, the current likelihood modeling framework is restrictive for handling unexplained sources of variation in the response that may occur when there are dependence structures such as smaller sampling units that are nested within larger sampling units. We used multilevel Bayesian occupancy modeling to handle dependence structures and to partition sources of variation in occupancy of sites by terrestrial salamanders (family Plethodontidae) within and surrounding an earlier wildfire in western Oregon, USA. Comparison of model fit favored a spatial&nbsp;</span><i>N</i><span>‐mixture model that accounted for variation in salamander abundance over models that were based on binary detection/non‐detection data. Though catch per unit effort was higher in burned areas than unburned, there was strong support that this pattern was due to a higher probability of capture for individuals in burned plots. Within the burn, the odds of capturing an individual given it was present were 2.06 times the odds outside the burn, reflecting reduced complexity of ground cover in the burn. There was weak support that true occupancy was lower within the burned area. While the odds of occupancy in the burn were 0.49 times the odds outside the burn among the five species, the magnitude of variation attributed to the burn was small in comparison to variation attributed to other landscape variables and to unexplained, spatially autocorrelated random variation. While ordinary occupancy models may separate the biological pattern of interest from variation in detection probability when all sources of variation are known, the addition of random effects structures for unexplained sources of variation in occupancy and detection probability may often more appropriately represent levels of uncertainty.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/10-0322.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Chelgren, N., Adams, M.J., Bailey, L., and Bury, R.B., 2011, Using multilevel spatial models to understand salamander site occupancy patterns after wildfire: Ecology, v. 92, no. 2, p. 408-421, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0322.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"408","endPage":"421","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438833,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NP23CB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Terrestrial salamander captures after the 2003 Clark Fire, Willamette National Forest, OR"},{"id":246389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc076e4b08c986b32a137","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chelgren, Nathan 0000-0003-0944-9165 nchelgren@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-9165","contributorId":3134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelgren","given":"Nathan","email":"nchelgren@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":93183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036073,"text":"70036073 - 2011 - Evaluation of groundwater discharge into small lakes based on the temporal distribution of radon-222","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T22:01:42.739416","indexId":"70036073","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of groundwater discharge into small lakes based on the temporal distribution of radon-222","docAbstract":"<p><span>In order to evaluate groundwater discharge into small lakes we constructed a model that is based on the budget of&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Rn (radon, t</span><sub>1/2</sub><span>=3.8 d) as a tracer. The main assumptions in our model are that the lake's waters are well‐mixed horizontally and vertically; the only significant&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Rn source is via groundwater discharge; and the only losses are due to decay and atmospheric evasion. In order to evaluate the groundwater‐derived&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Rn flux, we monitored the&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Rn concentration in lake water over periods long enough (usually 1–3 d) to observe changes likely caused by variations in atmospheric exchange (primarily a function of wind speed and temperature). We then attempt to reproduce the observed record by accounting for decay and atmospheric losses and by estimating the total&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Rn input flux using an iterative approach. Our methodology was tested in two lakes in central Florida: one of which is thought to have significant groundwater inputs (Lake Haines) and another that is known not to have any groundwater inflows but requires daily groundwater augmentation from a deep aquifer (Round Lake). Model results were consistent with independent seepage meter data at both Lake Haines (positive seepage of ∼ 1.6 × 10</span><sup>4</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in Mar 2008) and at Round Lake (no net groundwater seepage)</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0486","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Dimova, N.T., and Burnett, W.C., 2011, Evaluation of groundwater discharge into small lakes based on the temporal distribution of radon-222: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 56, no. 2, p. 486-494, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0486.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"486","endPage":"494","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475100,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0486","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c85e4b0c8380cd52ba4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dimova, N. T.","contributorId":30080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dimova","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnett, W. C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036071,"text":"70036071 - 2011 - A 50-year record of NOx and SO2 sources in precipitation in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T22:09:16.156897","indexId":"70036071","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1755,"text":"Geochemical Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A 50-year record of NO<sub>x</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> sources in precipitation in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA","title":"A 50-year record of NOx and SO2 sources in precipitation in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ice-core samples from Upper Fremont Glacier (UFG), Wyoming, were used as proxy records for the chemical composition of atmospheric deposition. Results of analysis of the ice-core samples for stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N,&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1467-4866-12-4/MediaObjects/12932_2010_Article_115_IEq1_HTML.gif\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1467-4866-12-4/MediaObjects/12932_2010_Article_115_IEq1_HTML.gif\"><span>) and sulfur (δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S,&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1467-4866-12-4/MediaObjects/12932_2010_Article_115_IEq2_HTML.gif\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1467-4866-12-4/MediaObjects/12932_2010_Article_115_IEq2_HTML.gif\"><span>), as well as&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1467-4866-12-4/MediaObjects/12932_2010_Article_115_IEq1_HTML.gif\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1467-4866-12-4/MediaObjects/12932_2010_Article_115_IEq1_HTML.gif\"><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1467-4866-12-4/MediaObjects/12932_2010_Article_115_IEq2_HTML.gif\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1467-4866-12-4/MediaObjects/12932_2010_Article_115_IEq2_HTML.gif\"><span>&nbsp;deposition rates from the late-1940s thru the early-1990s, were used to enhance and extend existing National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) data in western Wyoming. The most enriched δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S value in the UFG ice-core samples coincided with snow deposited during the 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens, Washington. The remaining δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S values were similar to the isotopic composition of coal from southern Wyoming. The δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values in ice-core samples representing a similar period of snow deposition were negative, ranging from -5.9 to -3.2 ‰ and all fall within the δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values expected from vehicle emissions. Ice-core nitrate and sulfate deposition data reflect the sharply increasing U.S. emissions data from 1950 to the mid-1970s.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/1467-4866-12-4","issn":"14674866","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., Schuster, P.F., and Johnson, C.A., 2011, A 50-year record of NOx and SO2 sources in precipitation in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA: Geochemical Transactions, v. 12, 4, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-12-4.","productDescription":"4, 10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-12-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Northern Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.97314453125,\n              42.72683914955442\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.3414306640625,\n              42.72683914955442\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.3414306640625,\n              43.18515250937298\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.97314453125,\n              43.18515250937298\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.97314453125,\n              42.72683914955442\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2c7e4b0c8380cd45c3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036048,"text":"70036048 - 2011 - Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T18:57:14.263826","indexId":"70036048","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nightlight surveys are commonly used to evaluate status and trends of crocodilian populations, but imperfect detection caused by survey- and location-specific factors makes it difficult to draw population inferences accurately from uncorrected data. We used a two-stage hierarchical model comprising population abundance and detection probability to examine recent abundance trends of American alligators (</span><i>Alligator mississippiensis</i><span>) in subareas of Everglades wetlands in Florida using nightlight survey data. During 2001–2008, there were declining trends in abundance of small and/or medium sized animals in a majority of subareas, whereas abundance of large sized animals had either demonstrated an increased or unclear trend. For small and large sized class animals, estimated detection probability declined as water depth increased. Detection probability of small animals was much lower than for larger size classes. The declining trend of smaller alligators may reflect a natural population response to the fluctuating environment of Everglades wetlands under modified hydrology. It may have negative implications for the future of alligator populations in this region, particularly if habitat conditions do not favor recruitment of offspring in the near term. Our study provides a foundation to improve inferences made from nightlight surveys of other crocodilian populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s13157-010-0120-0","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Fujisaki, I., Mazzotti, F., Dorazio, R., Rice, K.G., Cherkiss, M., and Jeffery, B., 2011, Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data: Wetlands, v. 31, no. 1, p. 147-155, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0120-0.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"155","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218474,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0120-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"South Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.2109375,\n              25.760319754713887\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9033203125,\n              25.264568475331583\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8154296875,\n              25.12539261151203\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2001953125,\n              25.363882272740256\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.26611328125,\n              26.194876675795218\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37597656249999,\n              26.686729520004036\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1669921875,\n              26.64745870265938\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9912109375,\n              25.859223554761407\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2109375,\n              25.760319754713887\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b6be4b0c8380cd526f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":38359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazzotti, F.J.","contributorId":10136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, Kenneth G. 0000-0001-8282-1088 krice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Kenneth","email":"krice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cherkiss, M. 0000-0002-7802-6791","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":103496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jeffery, B.","contributorId":53638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffery","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036047,"text":"70036047 - 2011 - Downhole well log and core montages from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T19:27:08.822347","indexId":"70036047","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downhole well log and core montages from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"<p><span>The BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well was an integral part of an ongoing project to determine the future energy resource potential of gas hydrates on the Alaska North Slope. As part of this effort, the Mount Elbert well included an advanced downhole geophysical logging program. Because gas hydrate is unstable at ground surface pressure and temperature conditions, a major emphasis was placed on the downhole-logging program to determine the occurrence of gas hydrates and the in-situ physical properties of the sediments. In support of this effort, well-log and core data montages have been compiled which include downhole log and core-data obtained from the gas-hydrate-bearing sedimentary section in the Mount Elbert well. Also shown are numerous reservoir parameters, including gas-hydrate saturation and sediment porosity log traces calculated from available downhole well log and core data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.03.016","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., Lewis, R., Winters, W.J., Lee, M.W., Rose, K., and Boswell, R., 2011, Downhole well log and core montages from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 561-577, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.03.016.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"577","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475448,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4388","text":"External Repository"},{"id":246457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218447,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.03.016"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -166.728515625,\n              67.33986082559095\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.064453125,\n              67.33986082559095\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.064453125,\n              71.18775391813158\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.728515625,\n              71.18775391813158\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.728515625,\n              67.33986082559095\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03b3e4b0c8380cd505fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, R.E.","contributorId":31735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rose, K.K.","contributorId":102306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boswell, R.M.","contributorId":94534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036046,"text":"70036046 - 2011 - Phenology for science, resource management, decision making, and education","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:04","indexId":"70036046","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Phenology for science, resource management, decision making, and education","docAbstract":"Fourth USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN) Research Coordination Network (RCN) Annual Meeting and Stakeholders Workshop; Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 21-22 September 2010; Phenology, the study of recurring plant and animal life cycle events, is rapidly emerging as a fundamental approach for understanding how ecological systems respond to environmental variation and climate change. The USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN; http://www.usanpn.org) is a large-scale network of governmental and nongovernmental organizations, academic institutions, resource management agencies, and tribes. The network is dedicated to conducting and promoting repeated and integrated plant and animal phenological observations, identifying linkages with other relevant biological and physical data sources, and developing and distributing the tools to analyze these data at local to national scales. The primary goal of the USA-NPN is to improve the ability of decision makers to design strategies for climate adaptation.","largerWorkTitle":"Eos","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011EO020004","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Nolan, V., and Weltzin, J., 2011, Phenology for science, resource management, decision making, and education, <i>in</i> Eos, v. 92, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO020004.","startPage":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475318,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011eo020004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218446,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO020004"}],"volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a788be4b0c8380cd78713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, V.P.","contributorId":56898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"V.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weltzin, J.F.","contributorId":18886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036039,"text":"70036039 - 2011 - Sulfur in the South Florida ecosystem: Distribution, sources, biogeochemistry, impacts, and management for restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T16:17:13","indexId":"70036039","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1345,"text":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur in the South Florida ecosystem: Distribution, sources, biogeochemistry, impacts, and management for restoration","docAbstract":"<p>Sulfur is broadly recognized as a water quality issue of significance for the freshwater Florida Everglades. Roughly 60% of the remnant Everglades has surface water sulfate concentrations above 1 mg l-1, a restoration performance measure based on present sulfate levels in unenriched areas. Highly enriched marshes in the northern Everglades have average sulfate levels of 60 mg l-1. Sulfate loading to the Everglades is principally a result of land and water management in South Florida. The highest concentrations of sulfate (average 60-70 mg l-1) in the ecosystem are in canal water in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). Potential sulfur sourcesin the watershed are many, but geochemical data and a preliminary sulfur mass balance for the EAA are consistent with sulfur presently used in agricultural, and sulfur released by oxidation of organic EAA soils (including legacy agricultural applications and natural sulfur) as the primary sources of sulfate enrichment in the EAA canals. Sulfate loading to the Everglades increases microbial sulfate reduction in soils, leading to more reducing conditions, greater cycling of nutrients in soils, production of toxic sulfide, and enhanced methylmercury (MeHg) production and bioaccumulation. Wetlands are zones of naturally high MeHg production, but the combination of high atmospheric mercury deposition rates in South Florida and elevated sulfate loading leads to increased MeHg production and MeHg risk to Everglades wildlife and human consumers. Sulfate from the EAA drainage canals penetrates deep into the Everglades Water Conservation Areas, and may extend into Everglades National Park. Present plans to restore sheet flow and to deliver more water to the Everglades may increase overall sulfur loads to the ecosystem, and move sulfate-enriched water further south. However, water management practices that minimize soil drying and rewetting cycles can mitigate sulfate release during soil oxidation. A comprehensive Everglades restoration strategy should include reduction of sulfur loads as a goal because of the many detrimental impacts of sulfate on the ecosystem. Monitoring data show that the ecosystem response to changes in sulfate levels is rapid, and strategies for reducing sulfate loading may be effective in the near term. A multifaceted approach employing best management practices for sulfur in agriculture, agricultural practices that minimize soil oxidation, and changes to stormwater treatment areas that increase sulfate retention could help achieve reduced sulfate loads to the Everglades, with resulting benefits.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis ","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2010.531201","issn":"10643389","usgsCitation":"Orem, W.H., Gilmour, C., Axelrad, D., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Scheidt, D., Kalla, P., McCormick, P., Gabriel, M., and Aiken, G., 2011, Sulfur in the South Florida ecosystem: Distribution, sources, biogeochemistry, impacts, and management for restoration: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 249-288, https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.531201.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.73828125,\n              25.175116531621764\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.386962890625,\n              25.175116531621764\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.386962890625,\n              26.066652138577403\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73828125,\n              26.066652138577403\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73828125,\n              25.175116531621764\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dd9e4b08c986b31db12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmour, C.","contributorId":62382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmour","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Axelrad, D.","contributorId":96128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Axelrad","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scheidt, D.","contributorId":55674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheidt","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kalla, P.","contributorId":86209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalla","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McCormick, P.","contributorId":30022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gabriel, M.","contributorId":69000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabriel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Aiken, George","contributorId":208828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":453729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036014,"text":"70036014 - 2011 - Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions for the Pliocene (Plio-QUMP): Initial results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T20:37:34.106848","indexId":"70036014","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions for the Pliocene (Plio-QUMP): Initial results","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0045\">Examination of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP; ~&nbsp;3.3 to 3.0&nbsp;<span>Ma BP) provides an excellent opportunity to test the ability of climate models to reproduce warm climate states, thereby assessing our confidence in model predictions. To do this it is necessary to relate the uncertainty in model simulations of mPWP climate to uncertainties in projections of future climate change. The uncertainties introduced by the model can be estimated through the use of a Perturbed Physics Ensemble (PPE). Developing on the UK Met Office Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions (QUMP) Project, this paper presents the results from an initial investigation using the end members of a PPE in a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean model (HadCM3) running with appropriate mPWP boundary conditions. Prior work has shown that the unperturbed version of HadCM3 may underestimate mPWP&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Sea Surface Temperature from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/sea-surface-temperature\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/sea-surface-temperature\">sea surface temperatures</a>&nbsp;at&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Polar Region from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/polar-region\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/polar-region\">higher latitudes</a>. Initial results indicate that neither the low sensitivity nor the high sensitivity simulations produce unequivocally improved mPWP&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Climatology from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/climatology\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/climatology\">climatology</a>&nbsp;relative to the standard. Whilst the high sensitivity simulation was able to reconcile up to 6</span>&nbsp;<span>°C of the data/model mismatch in sea surface temperatures in the high latitudes of the&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Northern Hemisphere from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/northern-hemisphere\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/northern-hemisphere\">Northern Hemisphere</a>&nbsp;(relative to the standard simulation), it did not produce a better prediction of global vegetation than the standard simulation. Overall the low sensitivity simulation was degraded compared to the standard and high sensitivity simulations in all aspects of the data/model comparison.</span></p><p id=\"sp0050\">The results have shown that a PPE has the potential to explore weaknesses in mPWP modelling simulations which have been identified by geological proxies, but that a ‘best fit’ simulation will more likely come from a full ensemble in which simulations that contain the strengths of the two end member simulations shown here are combined.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.004","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Pope, J., Collins, M., Haywood, A., Dowsett, H.J., Hunter, S., Lunt, D., Pickering, S., and Pound, M., 2011, Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions for the Pliocene (Plio-QUMP): Initial results: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 309, no. 1-2, p. 128-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.004.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"140","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218443,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.004"}],"volume":"309","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91bfe4b0c8380cd80433","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, J.O.","contributorId":16257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, M.","contributorId":49224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haywood, A.M.","contributorId":101050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunter, S.J.","contributorId":27704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lunt, D.J.","contributorId":105127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pickering, S.J.","contributorId":6283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickering","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pound, M.J.","contributorId":41259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pound","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036012,"text":"70036012 - 2011 - Secular trends in storm-level geomagnetic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T14:11:19","indexId":"70036012","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":780,"text":"Annales Geophysicae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secular trends in storm-level geomagnetic activity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Analysis is made of K-index data from groups of ground-based geomagnetic observatories in Germany, Britain, and Australia, 1868.0–2009.0, solar cycles 11–23. Methods include nonparametric measures of trends and statistical significance used by the hydrological and climatological research communities. Among the three observatory groups, German&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>&nbsp;data systematically record the highest disturbance levels, followed by the British and, then, the Australian data. Signals consistently seen in&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>&nbsp;data from all three observatory groups can be reasonably interpreted as physically meaninginful: (1) geomagnetic activity has generally increased over the past 141 years. However, the detailed secular evolution of geomagnetic activity is not well characterized by either a linear trend nor, even, a monotonic trend. Therefore, simple, phenomenological extrapolations of past trends in solar and geomagnetic activity levels are unlikely to be useful for making quantitative predictions of future trends lasting longer than a solar cycle or so. (2) The well-known tendency for magnetic storms to occur during the declining phase of a sunspot-solar cycles is clearly seen for cycles 14–23; it is not, however, clearly seen for cycles 11–13. Therefore, in addition to an increase in geomagnetic activity, the nature of solar-terrestrial interaction has also apparently changed over the past 141 years.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"EGU","doi":"10.5194/angeo-29-251-2011","issn":"09927689","usgsCitation":"Love, J., 2011, Secular trends in storm-level geomagnetic activity: Annales Geophysicae, v. 29, no. 2, p. 251-262, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-251-2011.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"262","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475271,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-251-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218417,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-251-2011"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8944e4b08c986b316d7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, J.J.","contributorId":66626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035990,"text":"70035990 - 2011 - Formation pressure testing at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Operational summary, history matching, and interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T17:19:42.215385","indexId":"70035990","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation pressure testing at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Operational summary, history matching, and interpretations","docAbstract":"<p id=\"abspara0010\">In February 2007, the U.S. Department of Energy, BP Exploration (Alaska), and the U.S. Geological Survey, collected open-hole pressure-response data, as well as gas and water sample collection, in a gas hydrate reservoir (the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well) using Schlumberger's Modular Dynamics Formation Tester (MDT) wireline tool. Four such MDT tests, ranging from six to twelve hours duration, and including a series of flow, sampling, and shut-in periods of various durations, were conducted. Locations for the testing were selected based on NMR and other log data to assure sufficient isolation from reservoir boundaries and zones of excess free water. Test stages in which pressure was reduced sufficiently to mobilize free water in the formation (yet not cause gas hydrate dissociation) produced readily interpretable pressure build-up profiles. Build-ups following larger drawdowns consistently showed gas-hydrate dissociation and gas release (as confirmed by optical fluid analyzer data), as well as progressive dampening of reservoir pressure build-up during sequential tests at a given MDT test station.</p><p id=\"abspara0015\">History matches of one multi-stage, 12-h test (the C2 test) were accomplished using five different reservoir simulators: CMG-STARS, HydrateResSim, MH21-HYDRES, STOMP-HYD, and TOUGH&nbsp;+&nbsp;HYDRATE. Simulations utilized detailed information collected across the reservoir either obtained or determined from geophysical well logs, including thickness (11.3&nbsp;m, 37 ft.), porosity (35%), hydrate saturation (65%), both mobile and immobile water saturations, intrinsic permeability (1000&nbsp;mD), pore water salinity (5&nbsp;ppt), and formation temperature (3.3–3.9&nbsp;°C). This paper will present the approach and preliminary results of the history-matching efforts, including estimates of initial formation permeability and analyses of the various unique features exhibited by the MDT results.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.012","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Anderson, B., Hancock, S., Wilson, S., Enger, C., Collett, T.S., Boswell, R., and Hunter, R., 2011, Formation pressure testing at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Operational summary, history matching, and interpretations: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 478-492, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.012.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"478","endPage":"492","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216477,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.012"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"The North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -167.080078125,\n              67.20403234340081\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.888671875,\n              67.20403234340081\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.888671875,\n              71.63599288330609\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.080078125,\n              71.63599288330609\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.080078125,\n              67.20403234340081\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a135ae4b0c8380cd54621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, B.","contributorId":34705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hancock, S.","contributorId":71742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hancock","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, S.","contributorId":98935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Enger, C.","contributorId":83762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enger","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hunter, R.","contributorId":36778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035988,"text":"70035988 - 2011 - Magma at depth: A retrospective analysis of the 1975 unrest at Mount Baker, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T09:43:42","indexId":"70035988","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma at depth: A retrospective analysis of the 1975 unrest at Mount Baker, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Mount Baker volcano displayed a short interval of seismically-quiescent thermal unrest in 1975, with high emissions of magmatic gas that slowly waned during the following three decades. The area of snow-free ground in the active crater has not returned to pre-unrest levels, and fumarole gas geochemistry shows a decreasing magmatic signature over that same interval. A relative microgravity survey revealed a substantial gravity increase in the ~30 years since the unrest, while deformation measurements suggest slight deflation of the edifice between 1981-83 and 2006-07. The volcano remains seismically quiet with regard to impulsive volcano-tectonic events, but experiences shallow (<3 km) low-frequency events likely related to glacier activity, as well as deep (>10 km) long-period earthquakes. Reviewing the observations from the 1975 unrest in combination with geophysical and geochemical data collected in the decades that followed, we infer that elevated gas and thermal emissions at Mount Baker in 1975 resulted from magmatic activity beneath the volcano: either the emplacement of magma at mid-crustal levels, or opening of a conduit to a deep existing source of magmatic volatiles. Decadal-timescale, multi-parameter observations were essential to this assessment of magmatic activity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0441-0","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Crider, J.G., Frank, D., Malone, S.D., Poland, M., Werner, C., and Caplan-Auerbach, J., 2011, Magma at depth: A retrospective analysis of the 1975 unrest at Mount Baker, Washington, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 175-189, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0441-0.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216418,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0441-0"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mount Baker Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0171,47.9503 ], [ -122.0171,49.0003 ], [ -120.6545,49.0003 ], [ -120.6545,47.9503 ], [ -122.0171,47.9503 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b2ee4b0c8380cd6934c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crider, Juliet G.","contributorId":78580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crider","given":"Juliet","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frank, David","contributorId":13969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malone, Stephen D.","contributorId":68135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":453485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Werner, Cynthia 0000-0003-3311-6694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3311-6694","contributorId":11444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Cynthia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Caplan-Auerbach, Jacqueline","contributorId":17848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caplan-Auerbach","given":"Jacqueline","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035957,"text":"70035957 - 2011 - A behavior-oriented dynamic model for sandbar migration and 2DH evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T19:35:12.244475","indexId":"70035957","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A behavior-oriented dynamic model for sandbar migration and 2DH evolution","docAbstract":"<p><span>A nonlinear model is developed to study the time‐dependent relationship between the alongshore variability of a sandbar,&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>(</span><i>t</i><span>), and alongshore‐averaged sandbar position,&nbsp;</span><i>x</i><sub><i>c</i></sub><span>(</span><i>t</i><span>). Sediment transport equations are derived from energetics‐based formulations. A link between this continuous physical representation and a parametric form describing the migration of sandbars of constant shape is established through a simple transformation of variables. The model is driven by offshore wave conditions. The parametric equations are dynamically coupled such that changes in one term (i.e.,&nbsp;</span><i>x</i><sub><i>c</i></sub><span>) drive changes in the other (i.e.,&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>(</span><i>t</i><span>)). The model is tested on 566 days of data from Palm Beach, New South Wales, Australia. Using weighted nonlinear least squares to estimate best fit model coefficients, the model explained 49% and 41% of the variance in measured&nbsp;</span><i>x</i><sub><i>c</i></sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>(</span><i>t</i><span>), respectively. Comparisons against a 1‐D horizontal (1DH) version of the model showed significant improvements when the 2DH terms were included (1DH and 2DH Brier skill scores were −0.12 and 0.42, respectively). Onshore bar migration was not predicted in the 1DH model, while the 2DH model correctly predicted onshore migration in the presence of 2DH morphology and allowed the bar to remain closer to shore for a given amount of breaking, providing an important hysteresis to the system. The model is consistent with observations that active bar migration occurs under breaking waves with onshore migration occurring at timescales of days to weeks and increasing 2DH morphology, while offshore migration occurs rapidly under high waves and coincides with a reduction in 2DH morphology.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JC006382","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Splinter, K., Holman, R., and Plant, N.G., 2011, A behavior-oriented dynamic model for sandbar migration and 2DH evolution: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 116, no. 1, C01020, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006382.","productDescription":"C01020, 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475129,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jc006382","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216389,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006382"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e31ae4b0c8380cd45e13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Splinter, K.D.","contributorId":68134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Splinter","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holman, R.A.","contributorId":73751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holman","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035952,"text":"70035952 - 2011 - Monitoring a boreal wildfire using multi-temporal Radarsat-1 intensity and coherence images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T13:35:01","indexId":"70035952","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1799,"text":"Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring a boreal wildfire using multi-temporal Radarsat-1 intensity and coherence images","docAbstract":"<p><span>Twenty-five C-band Radarsat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired from the summer of 2002 to the summer of 2005 are used to map a 2003 boreal wildfire (B346) in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska under conditions of near-persistent cloud cover. Our analysis is primarily based on the 15 SAR scenes acquired during arctic growing seasons. The Radarsat-1 intensity data are used to map the onset and progression of the fire, and interferometric coherence images are used to qualify burn severity and monitor post-fire recovery. We base our analysis of the fire on three test sites, two from within the fire and one unburned site. The B346 fire increased backscattered intensity values for the two burn study sites by approximately 5–6 dB and substantially reduced coherence from background levels of approximately 0.8 in unburned background forested areas to approximately 0.2 in the burned area. Using ancillary vegetation information from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and information on burn severity from Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) data, we conclude that burn site 2 was more severely burned than burn site 1 and that C-band interferometric coherence data are useful for mapping landscape changes due to fire. Differences in burn severity and topography are determined to be the likely reasons for the observed differences in post-fire intensity and coherence trends between burn sites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/19475705.2010.532971","issn":"19475705","usgsCitation":"Rykhus, R.P., and Lu, Z., 2011, Monitoring a boreal wildfire using multi-temporal Radarsat-1 intensity and coherence images: Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, v. 2, no. 1, p. 15-32, https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2010.532971.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216294,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2010.532971"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d7fe4b0c8380cd703e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rykhus, Russell P.","contributorId":27337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rykhus","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":453283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035949,"text":"70035949 - 2011 - Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T21:04:55.472534","indexId":"70035949","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy","docAbstract":"<p><span>In February 2007, BP Exploration (Alaska), the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Geological Survey completed the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well (Mount Elbert well) in the Milne Point Unit on the Alaska North Slope. The program achieved its primary goals of validating the pre-drill estimates of gas hydrate occurrence and thickness based on 3-D seismic interpretations and wireline log correlations and collecting a comprehensive suite of logging, coring, and pressure testing data. The upper section of the Mount Elbert well was drilled through the base of ice-bearing permafrost to a casing point of 594&nbsp;m (1950&nbsp;ft), approximately 15&nbsp;m (50&nbsp;ft) above the top of the targeted reservoir interval. The lower portion of the well was continuously cored from 606&nbsp;m (1987&nbsp;ft) to 760&nbsp;m (2494&nbsp;ft) and drilled to a total depth of 914&nbsp;m. Ice-bearing permafrost extends to a depth of roughly 536&nbsp;m and the base of gas hydrate stability is interpreted to extend to a depth of 870&nbsp;m. Coring through the targeted gas hydrate bearing reservoirs was completed using a wireline-retrievable system. The coring program achieved 85% recovery of 7.6&nbsp;cm (3&nbsp;in) diameter core through 154&nbsp;m (504&nbsp;ft) of the hole. An onsite team processed the cores, collecting and preserving approximately 250 sub-samples for analyses of pore water geochemistry, microbiology, gas chemistry, petrophysical analysis, and thermal and physical properties. Eleven samples were immediately transferred to either methane-charged pressure vessels or liquid nitrogen for future study of the preserved gas hydrate. Additional offsite sampling, analyses, and detailed description of the cores were also conducted. Based on this work, one lithostratigraphic unit with eight subunits was identified across the cored interval. Subunits II and Va comprise the majority of the reservoir facies and are dominantly very fine to fine, moderately sorted, quartz, feldspar, and lithic fragment-bearing to -rich sands. Lithostratigraphic and palynologic data indicate that this section is most likely early Eocene to late Paleocene in age. The examined units contain evidence for both marine and non-marine lithofacies, and indications that the depositional environment for the reservoir facies may have been shallower marine than originally interpreted based on pre-drill wireline log interpretations. There is also evidence of reduced salinity marine conditions during deposition that may be related to the paleo-climate and depositional conditions during the early Eocene.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.001","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Rose, K., Boswell, R., and Collett, T.S., 2011, Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 311-331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.001.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"331","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216262,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -167.34375,\n              67.7427590666639\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.537109375,\n              67.7427590666639\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.537109375,\n              71.44117085172385\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.34375,\n              71.44117085172385\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.34375,\n              67.7427590666639\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e91e4b0c8380cd70b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, K.","contributorId":43594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035925,"text":"70035925 - 2011 - An introduction to the practical and ethical perspectives on the need to advance and standardize the intracoelomic surgical implantation of electronic tags in fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T17:54:47.70701","indexId":"70035925","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An introduction to the practical and ethical perspectives on the need to advance and standardize the intracoelomic surgical implantation of electronic tags in fish","docAbstract":"<p><span>The intracoelomic surgical implantation of electronic tags (including radio and acoustic telemetry transmitters, passive integrated transponders and archival biologgers) is frequently used for conducting studies on fish. Electronic tagging studies provide information on the spatial ecology, behavior and survival of fish in marine and freshwater systems. However, any surgical procedure, particularly one where a laparotomy is performed and the coelomic cavity is opened, has the potential to alter the survival, behavior or condition of the animal which can impair welfare and introduce bias. Given that management, regulatory and conservation decisions are based on the assumption that fish implanted with electronic tags have similar fates and behavior relative to untagged conspecifics, it is critical to ensure that best surgical practices are being used. Also, the current lack of standardized surgical procedures and reporting of specific methodological details precludes cross-study and cross-year analyses which would further progress the field of fisheries science. This compilation of papers seeks to identify the best practices for the entire intracoelomic tagging procedure including pre- and post-operative care, anesthesia, wound closure, and use of antibiotics. Although there is a particular focus on salmonid smolts given the large body of literature available on that group, other life-stages and species of fish are discussed where there is sufficient knowledge. Additional papers explore the role of the veterinarian in fish surgeries, the need for minimal standards in the training of fish surgeons, providing a call for more complete and transparent procedures, and identifying trends in procedures and research needs. Collectively, this body of knowledge should help to improve data quality (including comparability and repeatability), enhance management and conservation strategies, and maintain the welfare status of tagged fish.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s11160-010-9183-5","issn":"09603166","usgsCitation":"Brown, R., Eppard, M., Murchie, K., Nielsen, J.L., and Cooke, S.J., 2011, An introduction to the practical and ethical perspectives on the need to advance and standardize the intracoelomic surgical implantation of electronic tags in fish: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 21, no. 1, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-010-9183-5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216360,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-010-9183-5"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea8ce4b0c8380cd48930","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R.S.","contributorId":68084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eppard, M.B.","contributorId":9084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppard","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murchie, K.J.","contributorId":28097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooke, S. J.","contributorId":55645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16718,"text":"Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":453166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035922,"text":"70035922 - 2011 - Assessing forest vulnerability and the potential distribution of pine beetles under current and future climate scenarios in the Interior West of the US","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T12:36:18.992308","indexId":"70035922","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing forest vulnerability and the potential distribution of pine beetles under current and future climate scenarios in the Interior West of the US","docAbstract":"<p><span>The aim of our study was to estimate forest vulnerability and potential distribution of three bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) under current and projected climate conditions for 2020 and 2050. Our study focused on the mountain pine beetle (</span><i>Dendroctonus ponderosae</i><span>), western pine beetle (</span><i>Dendroctonus brevicomis</i><span>), and pine engraver (</span><i>Ips</i><span>&nbsp;</span><i>pini)</i><span>. This study was conducted across eight states in the Interior West of the US covering approximately 2.2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>million</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;and encompassing about 95% of the Rocky Mountains in the contiguous US. Our analyses relied on aerial surveys of bark beetle outbreaks that occurred between 1991 and 2008. Occurrence points for each species were generated within polygons created from the aerial surveys. Current and projected climate scenarios were acquired from the WorldClim database and represented by 19 bioclimatic variables. We used Maxent modeling technique fit with occurrence points and current climate data to model potential beetle distributions and forest vulnerability. Three available climate models, each having two emission scenarios, were modeled independently and results averaged to produce two predictions for 2020 and two predictions for 2050 for each analysis. Environmental parameters defined by current climate models were then used to predict conditions under future climate scenarios, and changes in different species’ ranges were calculated. Our results suggested that the potential distribution for bark beetles under current climate conditions is extensive, which coincides with infestation trends observed in the last decade. Our results predicted that suitable habitats for the mountain pine beetle and pine engraver beetle will stabilize or decrease under future climate conditions, while habitat for the western pine beetle will continue to increase over time. The greatest increase in habitat area was for the western pine beetle, where one climate model predicted a 27% increase by 2050. In contrast, the predicted habitat of the mountain pine beetle from another climate model suggested a decrease in habitat areas as great as 46% by 2050. Generally, 2020 and 2050 models that tested the three climate scenarios independently had similar trends, though one climate scenario for the western pine beetle produced contrasting results. Ranges for all three species of bark beetles shifted considerably geographically suggesting that some host species may become more vulnerable to beetle attack in the future, while others may have a reduced risk over time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.036","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Evangelista, P., Kumar, S., Stohlgren, T.J., and Young, N., 2011, Assessing forest vulnerability and the potential distribution of pine beetles under current and future climate scenarios in the Interior West of the US: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 262, no. 3, p. 307-316, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.036.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216292,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.036"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, 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,{"id":70035919,"text":"70035919 - 2011 - Predicting breeding bird occurrence by stand- and microhabitat-scale features in even-aged stands in the Central Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T18:34:32.277423","indexId":"70035919","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting breeding bird occurrence by stand- and microhabitat-scale features in even-aged stands in the Central Appalachians","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatial scale is an important consideration when managing forest wildlife habitat, and models can be used to improve our understanding of these habitats at relevant scales. Our objectives were to determine whether stand- or microhabitat-scale variables better predicted bird metrics (diversity, species presence, and abundance) and to examine breeding bird response to clearcut size and age in a highly forested landscape. In 2004–2007, vegetation data were collected from 62 even-aged stands that were 3.6–34.6</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>ha in size and harvested in 1963–1990 on the Monongahela National Forest, WV, USA. In 2005–2007, we also surveyed birds at vegetation plots. We used classification and regression trees to model breeding bird habitat use with a suite of stand and microhabitat variables. Among stand variables, elevation, stand age, and stand size were most commonly retained as important variables in guild and species models. Among microhabitat variables, medium-sized tree density and tree species diversity most commonly predicted bird presence or abundance. Early successional and generalist bird presence, abundance, and diversity were better predicted by microhabitat variables than stand variables. Thus, more intensive field sampling may be required to predict habitat use for these species, and management may be needed at a finer scale. Conversely, stand-level variables had greater utility in predicting late-successional species occurrence and abundance; thus management decisions and modeling at this scale may be suitable in areas with a uniform landscape, such as our study area. Our study suggests that late-successional breeding bird diversity can be maximized long-term by including harvests &gt;10</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>ha in size into our study area and by increasing tree diversity. Some harvesting will need to be incorporated regularly, because after 15 years, the study stands did not provide habitat for most early successional breeding specialists.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.020","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"McDermott, M., Wood, P.B., Miller, G., and Simpson, B., 2011, Predicting breeding bird occurrence by stand- and microhabitat-scale features in even-aged stands in the Central Appalachians: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 261, no. 3, p. 373-380, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.020.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"380","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216231,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.020"}],"volume":"261","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81aae4b0c8380cd7b66a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDermott, M.E.","contributorId":42793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDermott","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Petra B. 0000-0002-8575-1705 pbwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":199090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, G.W.","contributorId":92377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simpson, B.T.","contributorId":53193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035900,"text":"70035900 - 2011 - Islands at bay: Rising seas, eroding islands, and waterbird habitat loss in Chesapeake Bay (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T19:27:34.681652","indexId":"70035900","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2219,"text":"Journal of Coastal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Islands at bay: Rising seas, eroding islands, and waterbird habitat loss in Chesapeake Bay (USA)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Like many resources in the Chesapeake Bay region of the U.S., many waterbird nesting populations have suffered over the past three to four decades. In this study, historic information for the entire Bay and recent results from the Tangier Sound region were evaluated to illustrate patterns of island erosion and habitat loss for 19 breeding species of waterbirds. Aerial imagery and field data collected in the nesting season were the primary sources of data. From 1993/1994 to 2007/2008, a group of 15 islands in Tangier Sound, Virginia were reduced by 21% in area, as most of their small dunes and associated vegetation and forest cover were lost to increased washovers. Concurrently, nesting American black ducks (</span><i>Anas rubripes)</i><span>&nbsp;declined by 66% , wading birds (herons-egrets) by 51%, gulls by 72%, common terns&nbsp;</span><i>(Sterna hirundo)</i><span>&nbsp;by 96% and black skimmers (</span><i>Rynchops niger</i><span>) by about 70% in this complex. The declines noted at the larger Bay-wide scale suggest that this study area maybe symptomatic of a systemic limitation of nesting habitat for these species. The island losses noted in the Chesapeake have also been noted in other Atlantic U.S. coastal states. Stabilization and/or restoration of at least some of the rapidly eroding islands at key coastal areas are critical to help sustain waterbird communities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s11852-010-0119-y","issn":"14000350","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Brinker, D., Watts, B., Costanzo, G., and Morton, D., 2011, Islands at bay: Rising seas, eroding islands, and waterbird habitat loss in Chesapeake Bay (USA): Journal of Coastal Conservation, v. 15, no. 1, p. 51-60, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-010-0119-y.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216411,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11852-010-0119-y"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.96633911132812,\n              37.70120736474139\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.60653686523438,\n              37.70120736474139\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.60653686523438,\n              37.98317483351337\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.96633911132812,\n              37.98317483351337\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.96633911132812,\n              37.70120736474139\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f39e4b0c8380cd6436d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael 0000-0003-2108-9502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-9502","contributorId":196583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erwin","given":"R. 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,{"id":70035899,"text":"70035899 - 2011 - Estimation of suspended-sediment concentration from total suspended solids and turbidity data for Kentucky, 1978-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T19:41:13.40459","indexId":"70035899","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of suspended-sediment concentration from total suspended solids and turbidity data for Kentucky, 1978-1995","docAbstract":"<p><span>Suspended sediment is a constituent of water quality that is monitored because of concerns about accelerated erosion, nonpoint contamination of water resources, and degradation of aquatic environments. In order to quantify the relationship among different sediment parameters for Kentucky streams, long‐term records were obtained from the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey. Suspended‐sediment concentration (SSC), the parameter traditionally measured and reported by the U.S. Geological Survey, was statistically compared to turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS), two parameters that are considered surrogate data. A linear regression of log‐transformed observations was used to estimate SSC from TSS; 72% of TSS observations were less than coincident SSC observations; however, the estimated SSC values were almost as likely to be overestimated as underestimated. The SSC‐turbidity relationship also used log‐transformed observations, but required a nonlinear, breakpoint regression that separated turbidity observations ≤6 nephelometric turbidity units. The slope for these low turbidity values was not significantly different than zero, indicating that low turbidity observations provide no real information about SSC; in the case of the Kentucky sediment record, this accounts for 30% of the turbidity observations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00538.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Williamson, T., and Crawford, C.G., 2011, Estimation of suspended-sediment concentration from total suspended solids and turbidity data for Kentucky, 1978-1995: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 4, p. 739-749, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00538.x.","productDescription":"11 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,{"id":70035897,"text":"70035897 - 2011 - An analysis of modern pollen rain from the Maya lowlands of northern Belize","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T20:04:26.516947","indexId":"70035897","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analysis of modern pollen rain from the Maya lowlands of northern Belize","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the lowland Maya area, pollen records provide important insights into the impact of past human populations and climate change on tropical ecosystems. Despite a long history of regional paleoecological research, few studies have characterized the palynological signatures of lowland ecosystems, a fact which lowers confidence in ecological inferences made from palynological data. We sought to verify whether we could use pollen spectra to reliably distinguish modern ecosystem types in the Maya lowlands of Central America. We collected 23 soil and sediment samples from eight ecosystem types, including upland, riparian, secondary, and swamp (</span><i>bajo</i><span>) forests; pine savanna; and three distinct wetland communities. We analyzed pollen spectra with non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), and found significant compositional differences in ecosystem types' pollen spectra. Forested sites had spectra dominated by Moraceae/Urticaceae pollen, while non-forested sites had significant portions of Poaceae, Asteraceae, and Amaranthaceae pollen. Upland,&nbsp;</span><i>bajo</i><span>, and riparian forest differed in representation of Cyperaceae,&nbsp;</span><i>Bactris</i><span>-type, and Combretaceae/Melastomataceae pollen. High percentages of pine (</span><i>Pinus</i><span>), oak (</span><i>Quercus</i><span>), and the presence of&nbsp;</span><i>Byrsonima</i><span>&nbsp;characterized pine savanna. Despite its limited sample size, this study provides one of the first statistical analyses of modern pollen rain in the Maya lowlands. Our results show that pollen assemblages can accurately reflect differences between ecosystem types, which may help refine interpretations of pollen records from the Maya area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.010","issn":"00346667","usgsCitation":"Bhattacharya, T., Beach, T., and Wahl, D.B., 2011, An analysis of modern pollen rain from the Maya lowlands of northern Belize: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 164, no. 1-2, p. 109-120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.010.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216359,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.010"}],"country":"Belize","otherGeospatial":"Maya lowlands","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.14308,17.80832],[-89.15091,17.95547],[-89.02986,18.00151],[-88.84834,17.8832],[-88.49012,18.48683],[-88.30003,18.49998],[-88.29634,18.35327],[-88.10681,18.34867],[-88.12348,18.07667],[-88.28535,17.64414],[-88.19787,17.48948],[-88.30264,17.13169],[-88.23952,17.03607],[-88.35543,16.53077],[-88.55182,16.26547],[-88.73243,16.23363],[-88.93061,15.88727],[-89.22912,15.88694],[-89.15081,17.01558],[-89.14308,17.80832]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Belize\"}}]}","volume":"164","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f0e4b0c8380cd48540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhattacharya, T.","contributorId":96920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhattacharya","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beach, T.","contributorId":39607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beach","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wahl, David B. 0000-0002-0451-3554 dwahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-3554","contributorId":3433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"David","email":"dwahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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