This report is one of several that are being made by the United States Geological Survey as part of the program of the Department of the Interior for the control, conservation, development, and use of the water resources of the Missouri River basin. The purpose of this report is to present an annotated bibliography of all existing reports pertaining to ground-water supplies in the area reported upon; to collect and analyze all data on public, industrial, and irrigation pumping from wells that are not covered by previous reports; to indicate areas where additional large-scale pumping might be undertaken; to estimate the possibility of depletion of stream flow by ground-water pumping from the developed areas and from areas where large-scale pumping maybe undertaken in the future; to point out areas where aquifers might be artificially recharged; and to recommend areas where detailed ground-water studies should be made, indicating the studies needed.
The writer spent approximately 2 weeks in the field during June 1952 evaluating the results of previous studies to determine their adequacy with respect to the purpose of this report. It was found that the previous studies in the area adequately covered the ground-water conditions for this purpose; consequently, the following discussion is abstracted largely from reports covering those studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr528","collaboration":"Compiled as part of program of Interior Department for development of the Missouri River Basin","usgsCitation":"Babcock, H.M., 1952, Memorandum on the ground-water resources of the Horse Creek and Cherry Creek drainage basins, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-8, ii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr528.","productDescription":"ii, 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":86449,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":178995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0008/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Horse Creek and Cherry Creek Drainage Basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.55639648437499,\n 41.008920735004885\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 41.008920735004885\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 42.9524020856897\n ],\n [\n -106.55639648437499,\n 42.9524020856897\n ],\n [\n -106.55639648437499,\n 41.008920735004885\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613f86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Babcock, H. M.","contributorId":90698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51156,"text":"ofr5298 - 1952 - Geology and hydrology of dam sites on the island of St. Croix, Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-10T18:23:33.828929","indexId":"ofr5298","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-98","title":"Geology and hydrology of dam sites on the island of St. Croix, Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"The Virgin Islands Corporation plans to build a series of small earth dams along some of the streams on the island of St. Croix, and field studies involving the selection and hydrology of possible sites was carried on by the Geological Survey during the months of August and September 1951. The island of St. Croix is the largest of the three principal islands of the Virgin. Islands group owned by the United States. It is about 21 miles long and 6 miles wide near the center and has an area of about 84 square miles. The northwestern part of the island contains mountains that reach a maximum altitude of 1,165 feet; the eastern half of the island is submountainous, containing some hills 600 to 800 feet in altitude. A coastal lowland area containing a few east-west trending marl and limestone hills characterizes the southwestern part of the island. The streams in the east half of the island and along the northwest coast are relatively short and are dry during most of the year. The streams draining the mountains from the south cross the coastal lowland in narrow and shallow ditches. The southeastward drainage from the eastern part of the mountainous area is diverted by Salt River and enters the sea on the north coast of the island. In the headwaters of some streams there is a small flow of water during most of the year that disappears below the surface upstream from or near the foot of the mountains. During most of the year the streams are essentially dry, flowing only after periods of heavy rainfall.
In the coastal lowland near Bethlehem the average annual rainfall is about 46 inches. The east end of the island is relatively dry and the precipitation is estimated to be approximately 20 inches annually; the northwestern end of the island receives the most rainfall, probably more than 50 inches annually. Records show that from 1861 to 1876 there was deficient rainfall and the accumulated departure below normal was about 56 inches (fig. 2). From 1876 to 1920 there were numerous years of above -normal precipitation and the departure curve rose nearly 100 inches, to more than 40 inches above normal. From 1936 to 1950 there has been a more or less continuous decline in rainfall, amounting to a net deficiency of 72 inches, or from 44 inches above to 28 inches below normal. These changes in rainfall have a direct effect on the volume of stream flow an island.
There are two general rock types on the island. The Mount Eagle volcanics and the intruded diorite are hard, dense crystalline rocks; the rock's underlying the coastal lowland and belt of hills between Salt River and Christiansted are sedimentary rocks, such as marl, limestone, sand, gravel, and clay. The permeability of the crystalline rocks and of the gray clay and basal conglomerate of the Jealousy formation is low and they are water bearing in few places. The Kingshill formation is composed of light-gray clay and light-yellow marl and included beds of limestone. In places the limestone contains solutional openings that yield water to wells. The alluvial sand, gravel, and clay that unconformably overlie the Kingshill marl include permeable beds that yield relatively large quantities of water to wells in a few places.
It is evident from the small stream flow that by far the greatest part of the 46-inch average annual precipitation on the island is returned to the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration. There are no records of stream flaw or ground-water flow from the drainage basins, but it is estimated that in some years the amount of water lost through evaporation and transpiration may be more than 90 percent of the total water available. It is proposed that a program be started and continued to collect and evaluate data on the hydrology of the island.
The purpose of the dam-building program is to retain on the land a part of the water that formerly flowed to the sea and was of no beneficial use. Owing to the lack of hydrologic data, the maximum number of dams needed is not known; consequently, practically all possible sites on publicly owned land and sites that would benefit those lands were studied. Thus, 3 sites were selected in the valley near Little Grange that is a source of supply to the public-supply well field of Frederiksted; 19 sites were selected on or near property owned by the Virgin Islands Corporation; and 4 sites were selected along the Salt River above the public-supply well field of Christiansted. During most of the year the water table is at or below the beds of the streams; consequently, if permeable rocks underlie a pond or dam it is possible that there may be leakage from the pond to the water table. In general, leakage from dam sites underlain by crystalline rocks of the fount Eagle volcanics or clay of the Kingshill marl will be negligible, but leakage from sites underlain by limestone in the Kingshill marl or sand and gravel of the alluvium may be great. Potential leakage at each site selected is discussed.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/ofr5298","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Office of Territories United States Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Meyer, R.R., 1952, Geology and hydrology of dam sites on the island of St. Croix, Virgin Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-98, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5298.","productDescription":"67 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177166,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0098/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virgin Islands","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.91293924634013,\n 17.802398867836004\n ],\n [\n -64.91293924634013,\n 17.65497511341303\n ],\n [\n -64.56284831047668,\n 17.65497511341303\n ],\n [\n -64.56284831047668,\n 17.802398867836004\n ],\n [\n -64.91293924634013,\n 17.802398867836004\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, R. R.","contributorId":20725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51120,"text":"ofr5268 - 1952 - Answers to 24 questions asked by the Honorary John R. Murdock, Member of Congress from Arizona, by letter of December 7, 1951, to the Director, U. S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:27","indexId":"ofr5268","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-68","title":"Answers to 24 questions asked by the Honorary John R. Murdock, Member of Congress from Arizona, by letter of December 7, 1951, to the Director, U. S. Geological Survey","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5268","usgsCitation":"Halpenny, L., Cushman, R., and Feth, J.H., 1952, Answers to 24 questions asked by the Honorary John R. Murdock, Member of Congress from Arizona, by letter of December 7, 1951, to the Director, U. S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-68, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5268.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b5b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halpenny, L.C.","contributorId":40967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halpenny","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":242979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cushman, R.L.","contributorId":102859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feth, J. H.","contributorId":50495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feth","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":51118,"text":"ofr5253 - 1952 - The geological story of a river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:27","indexId":"ofr5253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-53","title":"The geological story of a river","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5253","usgsCitation":"Graham, J., 1952, The geological story of a river: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-53, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5253.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65da0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, J.B.","contributorId":13308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51136,"text":"ofr5278 - 1952 - Two maps of Dade County, Florida, showing approximate position of the 1,000-ppm isochlor as of 1951 and approximate area of potential salt-water penetration under 1945 conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:23","indexId":"ofr5278","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-78","title":"Two maps of Dade County, Florida, showing approximate position of the 1,000-ppm isochlor as of 1951 and approximate area of potential salt-water penetration under 1945 conditions","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5278","usgsCitation":"Hoy, N., 1952, Two maps of Dade County, Florida, showing approximate position of the 1,000-ppm isochlor as of 1951 and approximate area of potential salt-water penetration under 1945 conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-78, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5278.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623a13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoy, N.D.","contributorId":15618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"N.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51137,"text":"ofr5279 - 1952 - Map of Dade County, Florida, showing the approximate average annual water levels for 1945","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:23","indexId":"ofr5279","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-79","title":"Map of Dade County, Florida, showing the approximate average annual water levels for 1945","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5279","usgsCitation":"Hoy, N., 1952, Map of Dade County, Florida, showing the approximate average annual water levels for 1945: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-79, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5279.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6556ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoy, N.D.","contributorId":15618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"N.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51138,"text":"ofr5280 - 1952 - Two maps of Dade County, Florida, showing the average annual water levels, 1950, and the approximate average water levels for the period 1940-1950","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:23","indexId":"ofr5280","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-80","title":"Two maps of Dade County, Florida, showing the average annual water levels, 1950, and the approximate average water levels for the period 1940-1950","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5280","usgsCitation":"Hoy, N., 1952, Two maps of Dade County, Florida, showing the average annual water levels, 1950, and the approximate average water levels for the period 1940-1950: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-80, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5280.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623a1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoy, N.D.","contributorId":15618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"N.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}