Drawing his inspiration from the theories on metamorphism by reaction in the solid state, and from some observations, Rene Perrin in his article 'Perrin, Rene, Le metamorphisms generateur de plissement, Annales des Hines, Paris, October 1935.' \"Metamorphism, the generator of folding\" stated in 1935:
\n1) that some \"sudden arrest\" of regional metamorphism way occur and that some formations may present a barrier to its progress. It seemed to him that the Trias effectively played that role in some parts of the Alps (Perrin, Rene, p. 14 and 15).
\n2) p. 33 \"A sedimentary formation overlying a folded crystalline rock in disconformity with the schistosity of the latter, does not prove that this rock (the crystalline) was formed and folded prior to the deposition of the sediment.\" Finally, he advised one (p. 32), before drawing any definite conclusion from the absence of contact metamorphism, to observe very closely the modifications either of the crystalline rock, or of the sedimentary formation, or of both in the vicinity of the contact, any modification being an indication of metamorphic action.
\nBecause these concepts seemed at first extremely bold, the authors made a thorough study of some specific cases.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5432","usgsCitation":"Perrin, R., Roubault, M., and Britt, S.H., 1953, Observation of a \"front\" of regional metamorphism: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-32, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5432.","productDescription":"15 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr5432.PNG"},{"id":310220,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0032/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"otherGeospatial":"M15374ont-Blanc","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 6.762084960937499,\n 45.83071305019327\n ],\n [\n 6.762084960937499,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n 7.072448730468749,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n 7.072448730468749,\n 45.83071305019327\n ],\n [\n 6.762084960937499,\n 45.83071305019327\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696543","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perrin, Rene","contributorId":44934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perrin","given":"Rene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roubault, Marcel","contributorId":147905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roubault","given":"Marcel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Britt, S. H. (translator)","contributorId":30636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britt","given":"S.","suffix":"(translator)","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":171026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":51380,"text":"ofr53224 - 1953 - Photogeologic map, Agathla Peak 1, Navajo County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:46","indexId":"ofr53224","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-224","title":"Photogeologic map, Agathla Peak 1, Navajo County, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr53224","usgsCitation":"Ray, R., 1953, Photogeologic map, Agathla Peak 1, Navajo County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-224, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53224.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":86539,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0224/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db686111","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ray, R.G.","contributorId":60664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39245,"text":"pp243D - 1953 - Cenomanian ammonite fauna from the Mosby sandstone of central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:16","indexId":"pp243D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"243","chapter":"D","title":"Cenomanian ammonite fauna from the Mosby sandstone of central Montana","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Shorter contributions to general geology, 1952","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp243D","usgsCitation":"Cobban, W.A., 1953, Cenomanian ammonite fauna from the Mosby sandstone of central Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 243, p. 45-55, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp243D.","productDescription":"p. 45-55","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0243d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":66982,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0243d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cobban, W. A.","contributorId":21577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobban","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14034,"text":"ofr53105 - 1953 - Instructions for sampling in geochemical prospecting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:53","indexId":"ofr53105","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-105","title":"Instructions for sampling in geochemical prospecting","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr53105","usgsCitation":"Hawkes, H.E., 1953, Instructions for sampling in geochemical prospecting: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-105, 16 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53105.","productDescription":"16 p","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hawkes, H. E.","contributorId":29805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"H.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48,"text":"wsp1137D - 1953 - Floods of May-July 1950 in southeastern Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:11","indexId":"wsp1137D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1137","chapter":"D","title":"Floods of May-July 1950 in southeastern Nebraska","docAbstract":"Four floods occurred in southeast Nebraska during the period of May to July 1950. Two of these were the greatest known in the State if the size of the drainage areas is considered, and the other two were not so spectacular but were of notable size and of possible hydrologic significance in their relation to the two major floods. Although property loss and damage have been exceeded in previous floods in Nebraska, notably in the flood of May-June 1935 on the Republican River, they were extremely high in the period covered by this report. Loss of life, which resulted largely from the rapid cresting of the streams, was likewise high. \r\n\r\nEach of the floods was caused by heavy precipitation, which at times reached intensities seldom recorded in the Missouri River basin. On May 8, 1950, more than 14 inches of rain fell over certain areas of the Little Nemaha River basin within a period of a few hours. One center of the storm of July 8, 1950,occurred at York, Nebr., where 11 inches of rain was recorded within a 4-hour period, and the storm total exceeded 13 inches. \r\n\r\nNotable high rates of discharge produced by the intense rainfall were 1,030 cfs per square mile from 218 square miles of drainage area in the Little Nemaha River basin on May 9, 1950; 1,020 cfs per square mile from 2.5 square miles drainage area in the Elkhorn River basin on June 2, 1950; and 3,320 cfs per square mile from 6.93 square miles of drainage area in the Big Blue River basin on July 9, 1950. \r\n\r\nThis report presents records of stage and discharge for the flood. periods at 36 stream-gaging stations in southeast Nebraska, and a summary of peak discharges, with comparative data for previously known floods at 45 measurement points. The report also includes a discussion of the weather associated with the floods and other data pertinent to the floods.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1137D","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1953, Floods of May-July 1950 in southeastern Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1137, 351-411 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1137D.","productDescription":"351-411 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24677,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5df949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39247,"text":"pp243H - 1953 - Cranial morphology of some Oligocene Artiodactyla","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:16","indexId":"pp243H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"243","chapter":"H","title":"Cranial morphology of some Oligocene Artiodactyla","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Shorter contributions to general geology, 1952","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp243H","usgsCitation":"Whitmore, F., 1953, Cranial morphology of some Oligocene Artiodactyla: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 243, p. 117-159, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp243H.","productDescription":"p. 117-159","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0243h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":66984,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0243h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68378e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitmore, F.C. Jr.","contributorId":16895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitmore","given":"F.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50,"text":"wsp1137F - 1953 - Floods of November-December 1950 in the Central Valley basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T21:56:03.437077","indexId":"wsp1137F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1137","chapter":"F","title":"Floods of November-December 1950 in the Central Valley basin, California","docAbstract":"The flood of November-December 1950 in the Central Valley basin was the greatest in most parts of the basin since the turn of the century and probably was exceeded in the lower San Joaquin River basin only by the historic flood of 1862. In respect to monetary loss, the 1950 flood was the most disastrous in the history of the basin. Loss of life was remarkably small when one considers the extensive damage and destruction to homes and other property, which is estimated at 33 million dollars. Outstanding features of the flood were its unprecedented occurrence so early in the winter flood season, its magnitude in respect to both peak and volume in most major tributaries, and the occurrence of a succession of near-peak flows with a period of three weeks. \r\n\r\nThe flood was caused by a series of storms during the period November 16 to December 8, which brought exceptionally warm, moisture-laden air inland against the Sierra Nevada range and caused intense rainfall, instead of snowfall, at unusually high altitudes. Basin-wide totals of rainfall during the period ranged from 30 inches over the Yuba and American River basins to 13 inches over the upper Sacramento and Feather River basins. \r\n\r\nBased on continuous records of discharge on major tributaries for periods ranging from 22 to 55 years and averaging about 43 years, the 1950 flood peaks were the greatest of record on the American, Cosumnes, Mokelumne, Stanislaus, Tuolumne, Merced, Chowchilla, Fresno, lower San Joaquin, Kings, Kaweah, Tule, and Kern Rivers. Second highest peak of record occurred during the flood of March 1928 on the Yuba, American and Mokelumne Rivers; the flood of Marcn 1940 on Cosumnes River; the flood of January 1911 on the Stanislaus and Tuolumne Rivers; the flood of December 1937 on the Merced, Kings, and Kaweah Rivers; the flood of March 1938 on the Chowchilla, Fresno, and lower San Joaquin Rivers; and the flood of March 1943 on the Tule and Kern Rivers. Peak discharges for 1950 did not exceed previous maxima on Bear, Yuba, Feather, and upper Sacramento Rivers, nor on west side tributaries of lower Sacramento River, Calaveras River, and upper San Joaquin River (above Friant Reservoir). \r\n\r\nNotable high rates of discharge were 354 cfs per square mile from 39.5 square miles in North Fork of Middle Fork Tule River, 225 cfs per square mile from 198 square miles in Rubicon River, 115 cfs per square mile from 999 square miles in North Fork of American River and 93.7 cfs per square mile from 1,921 square miles in American River at Fair Oaks. \r\n\r\nThis report presents a general description of the 1950 flood, details and estimates of the damage incurred, records of stage and discharge for the period of the flood at 171 stream-gaging stations, records of storage in 14 reservoirs, a summary of peak discharges with comparative data for previous floods at 252 measurement points, and tables showing crest stages along the main stem and major tributary channels of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. \r\n\r\nThe report also includes a discussion of meteorologic and hydrologic conditions associated with the flood, examples of the flood regulation afforded by storage reservoirs, a brief study of runoff characteristics, and a summary and comparison with previous floods in the Central Valley basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1137F","usgsCitation":"Paulsen, C.G., 1953, Floods of November-December 1950 in the Central Valley basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1137, Report: ix, 85 p.; 6 Plate: 29.00 x 35.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1137F.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 85 p.; 6 Plate: 29.00 x 35.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411810,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24230.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":24687,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24686,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24685,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24684,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24683,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24682,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24681,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.00217681950107,\n 35.13952919516764\n ],\n [\n -118.44677630187559,\n 36.447316753430925\n ],\n [\n -120.27199477688288,\n 38.169213736701124\n ],\n [\n -121.83334007970987,\n 40.062197180496526\n ],\n [\n -121.87363587923997,\n 40.74570155104911\n ],\n [\n -122.73875148861515,\n 40.49630948575876\n ],\n [\n -122.72263734102694,\n 39.539602288586565\n ],\n [\n -121.46737875338653,\n 37.74605097908976\n ],\n [\n -120.18232868135271,\n 36.10951673244216\n ],\n [\n -119.33641582011342,\n 35.142729172215766\n ],\n [\n -119.00217681950107,\n 35.13952919516764\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulsen, C. 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