The system tetramethylammonium iodide-iodine-toluene has been studied by the solubility method at 6 and at 25°. The compounds (CH3)4NI3, (CH3)4NI5 and (CH3)4NI11 were found to be stable phases at both temperatures. In addition, the compound (CH3)4NI10 was found at 6° and the compound (CH3)4NI9 at 25°. The dissociation pressures of the compounds at these temperatures were calculated from the solubility data.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/j150502a025","usgsCitation":"Foote, H.W., and Fleischer, M., 1953, The addition of iodine to tetramethylammonium iodide: Journal of Physical Chemistry, v. 57, no. 1, p. 122-125, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150502a025.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9a3e4b08c986b3223d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foote, H. W.","contributorId":103006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foote","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleischer, M.","contributorId":84069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011074,"text":"70011074 - 1953 - Systematic variation of rare earths in monazite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-23T18:00:21.140045","indexId":"70011074","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Systematic variation of rare earths in monazite","docAbstract":"Ten monazites from widely scattered localities have been analyzed for La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Y and Th by means of a combined chemical and emission spectrographic method. The analytical results, calculated to atomic percent of total rare earths (thorium excluded), show a considerable variation in the proportions of every element except praseodymium, which is relatively constant.
The general variation trends of the elements may be calculated by assuming that the monazites represent different stages in a fractional precipitation process, and by assuming that there is a gradational increase in the precipitability of rare earth elements with decreasing ionic radius. Fractional precipitation brings about an increase in lanthanum and cerium, little change in praseodymium, and a decrease in neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, and yttrium.
Deviations from the calculated lines of variation consist of a simultaneous, abnormal increase or decrease in the proportions of cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium with antipathetic decrease or increase in the proportions of the other elements. These deviations are ascribed to abnormally high or low temperatures that affect the precipitability of the central trio of elements (Ce, Pr, Nd) relatively more than that of the other elements.
The following semiquantitative rules have been found useful in describing the composition of rare earths from monazite:
In a search for a more rapid method for the determination of tantalum in rocks and minerals, an intensive study was made of the tantalum-pyrogallol reaction recommended by Platanov and Krivoshlikov, and a better modified spectrophotometric procedure is given. The improved method consists in measuring the absorbancy of the tantalum-pyrogallol complex at 325 mμ in 4N hydrochloric acid and a fixed concentration (0.0175M) of ammonium oxalate. Beer's law is followed for the concentration range up to 40 γ per ml. Sensitivity in terms of molar absorbancy index is 4775. Most interferences are additive in character and readily correctable. Separations or major corrections are required in the presence of significant amounts of molybdenum, tungsten, antimony, and uranium. The method has been successfully applied to three ores previously analyzed by gravimetric techniques. The method affords greater speed, sensitivity, and reproducibility in the determination of tantalum in rocks and minerals. A more reliable technique for preparing standard solutions of tantalum has been developed.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60084a004","usgsCitation":"Dinnin, J., 1953, Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of tantalum with pyrogallol: Analytical Chemistry, v. 25, no. 12, p. 1803-1807, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60084a004.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1803","endPage":"1807","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc0ee4b08c986b3289dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinnin, J. I.","contributorId":50886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinnin","given":"J. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011107,"text":"70011107 - 1953 - Separation of antimony by solvent extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:08","indexId":"70011107","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Separation of antimony by solvent extraction","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"White, C.E., and Rose, H., 1953, Separation of antimony by solvent extraction: Analytical Chemistry, v. 25, no. 2, p. 351-353.","startPage":"351","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d3fe4b08c986b3182f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, C. E.","contributorId":24915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, H.J.","contributorId":67121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011109,"text":"70011109 - 1953 - Geochemical studies of clay minerals III. The determination of free silica and free alumina in montmorillonites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T23:00:46.723064","indexId":"70011109","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical studies of clay minerals III. The determination of free silica and free alumina in montmorillonites","docAbstract":"Determination of free silica by the method proposed made possible the derivation of logical formulas for several specimens of montmorillonites for which the formulas could not be derived from the analyses alone. Other montmorillonites, for which logical formulas could be derived from their analyses, were found to contain small amounts of free silica or free alumina. Others were found to contain neither free silica nor free alumina.
The method consists of the following steps: (1) digestion of 1 g of the specimen with 0.5 N NaOH solution in a covered platinum crucible or dish on a steam bath for 4 hrs, stirring the mixture at 30-min intervals, (2) filtration of the undissolved material, followed by washing several times with 1% NaOH solution, (3) neutralization of the filtrate with HCl, addition of 5 ml HCl in excess and determination of SiO and Al2O3 in the usual way and (4) calculation of the amount of free SiO2 or free Al2O3 if any and the amount of attack of the clay structure by the treatment from the ratio of SiO2 to Al2O3 dissolved and the ratio of SiO2 to Al2O3 obtained on analysis.
Tests with 5% Na2CO3 solution, the reagent formerly used for the solution of free SiO2 in rocks and minerals, showed that solution of opal by this reagent is always fractional, never complete, no matter how small the amount present or how long the period of treatment. Re-treatment of the sample results in 90–95% solution if 10 mg or less of opal is present, but for larger amounts of opal the percentage dissolved decreases as the amount present increases.
On the other hand, 75 ml of 0.5 N NaOH completely dissolves as much as 400 mg of opal in 4 hrs digestion in a covered platinum crucible or dish, on a steam bath. However, a weaker solution or a shorter period of digestion does not effect complete solution. The same amount (75 ml) of 0.5 N NaOH also dissolves 90 mg of cristobalite and 57 mg of quartz having a grain size of less than 2 microns.
Use of NaOH also permits determination of the amount of alumina dissolved, and estimation of the extent to which the clay structure was attacked by the treatment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(53)90003-9","usgsCitation":"Foster, M., 1953, Geochemical studies of clay minerals III. The determination of free silica and free alumina in montmorillonites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 3, no. 2-3, p. 143-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(53)90003-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16aee4b0c8380cd55220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Margaret D.","contributorId":97958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Margaret D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81350,"text":"81350 - 1953 - Sea lamprey spawning: Wisconsin and Minnesota streams of Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T15:32:23.205022","indexId":"81350","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":84,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Fisheries","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"97","title":"Sea lamprey spawning: Wisconsin and Minnesota streams of Lake Superior","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Loeb, H.A., 1953, Sea lamprey spawning: Wisconsin and Minnesota streams of Lake Superior: Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 97, 36 p.","productDescription":"36 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198426,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/content/sea-lamprey-spawning-wisconsin-and-minnesota-streams-lake-superior"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.2932442060535,\n 46.53801849599847\n ],\n [\n -89.50894716491341,\n 48.02282639866175\n ],\n [\n -91.15711887978152,\n 48.20234741183825\n ],\n [\n -91.7057408913751,\n 48.15833881302618\n ],\n [\n -92.48213634605524,\n 48.40319670473866\n ],\n [\n -93.32900490043916,\n 46.61093869529458\n ],\n [\n -93.55261656462791,\n 45.75903028146064\n ],\n [\n -89.53197557881144,\n 45.82436185574744\n ],\n [\n -90.2932442060535,\n 46.53801849599847\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc5e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loeb, Howard A.","contributorId":63505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loeb","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000271,"text":"1000271 - 1953 - Technique for the application of a streamer-type fish tag","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T13:20:20","indexId":"1000271","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Technique for the application of a streamer-type fish tag","docAbstract":"Principal features of the technique are: attachment of the plastic tag by means of a nylon-thread loop prepared in advance of field work; use of a curved surgical needle with cutting edge and a split eye for application of the tag. The procedures for splitting the needle's eye and for applying the tag are described and illustrated by a series of photographs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1952)82[42:TFTAOA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Joeris, L.S., 1953, Technique for the application of a streamer-type fish tag: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 82, no. 1, p. 42-47, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1952)82[42:TFTAOA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c333","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joeris, Leonard S.","contributorId":104430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joeris","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011073,"text":"70011073 - 1953 - Field method for determination of traces of arsenic in soils: Confined spot procedure using a modified Gutzeit apparatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70011073","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field method for determination of traces of arsenic in soils: Confined spot procedure using a modified Gutzeit apparatus","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Almond, H., 1953, Field method for determination of traces of arsenic in soils: Confined spot procedure using a modified Gutzeit apparatus: Analytical Chemistry, v. 25, no. 11, p. 1766-1767.","startPage":"1766","endPage":"1767","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fc6e4b0c8380cd539f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almond, H.","contributorId":47911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almond","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2450,"text":"wsp1137E - 1953 - Floods of 1950 in southwestern Oregon and northwestern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T19:00:20.210453","indexId":"wsp1137E","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1137","chapter":"E","title":"Floods of 1950 in southwestern Oregon and northwestern California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1137E","usgsCitation":"Paulsen, C.G., 1953, Floods of 1950 in southwestern Oregon and northwestern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1137, Report: vi, 61 p.; 1 Plate: 17.50 x 36.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1137E.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 61 p.; 1 Plate: 17.50 x 36.00 inches","startPage":"413","endPage":"503","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414641,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24229.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28525,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28526,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137e/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.5,\n 45.367\n ],\n [\n -124.5,\n 40.4670\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 40.4670\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 45.367\n ],\n [\n -124.5,\n 45.367\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0d83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulsen, C. G.","contributorId":96239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184460,"text":"70184460 - 1953 - River meanders and vorticity theorem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T12:33:42","indexId":"70184460","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River meanders and vorticity theorem","docAbstract":"The serpentine windings of rivers, which in certain reaches attain a remarkable symmetry and are then called meanders, must represent one aspect of the tendency for establishment of quasi-equilibrium in natural streams. With the increase in knowledge of the interaction of forces operating in rivers, this tendency toward equilibrium has assumed a greater significance.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/TR034i006p00955","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., 1953, River meanders and vorticity theorem: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 34, no. 6, p. 955-959, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR034i006p00955.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"955","endPage":"959","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":337183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277fbe4b014cc3a3e7718","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1285,"text":"wsp1190 - 1953 - Ground-water conditions in artesian aquifers in Brown County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T19:43:34.619708","indexId":"wsp1190","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1190","title":"Ground-water conditions in artesian aquifers in Brown County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The principal water-bearing rocks underlying Brown County, Wis., are thick sandstone units of Cambrian and Ordovician age. Other aquifers include limestone and dolomite of Ordovician age, dolomite of Silurian age, and sands and gravel of Pleistocene and Recent age. Underlying the water-bearing formations are crystalline rocks of pre-Cambrian age which contain little or no water. \r\n\r\nGround water is the source of all public and most private and industrial supplies in. the county. Several of the large industries use large quantities of surface water also. Most of the water is pumped from wells that penetrate the Cambrian sandstones where the water occurs under artesian conditions. From 1886, when the first deep well was drilled, to 1949, the pumpage in the county increased to an average of about 5 million gallons a day (mgd) in 1939 and to about 10 mgd in 1949.\r\n\r\nThe piezometric level, which was about 100 feet above the land surface in 1886, was about 300 feet below the land surface in 1949. About 200 feet of this decline took place after 1938. The water-level-measurement program begun in 1946 shows that yearly fluctuations of water levels in observation wells range from less than 1 foot to about 90 feet, the fluctuations being larger at the center of the heavily pumped area. The highest water levels occur in the winter or spring and the lowest in the summer near the end of the season of maximum withdrawal. Coefficients of transmissibility and storage for the sandstones were obtained by making controlled pumping tests at Green Bay and De Pere. The coefficients were verified by comparing computed water-level declines and rates of withdrawal with actual ones. The computed values were within I0 percent of the actual values. \r\n\r\nProbable declines of water levels by 1960 were computed, using the same coefficients of transmissibility and storage, and assuming three different conditions of pumping. The additional decline in water level will be 15 to 150 feet in the center of the pumped area, depending upon the amount of increased pumping and its distribution relative to the present pumped area and to the recharge area. \r\n\r\nThe water from the sandstones is a hard calcium magnesium bicarbonate water. Further work is needed to determine whether there is danger of contamination by salt water which occurs down the dip in the same formations. It is concluded that the rate of withdrawal from the area can be increased to 15 mgd by 1960 without dangerously lowering water levels, provided that new wells are properly spaced. In order to avoid expressive lowering of water levels, it is recommended that new wells be located west of Green Bay toward the recharge area. \r\n\r\nA detailed study has not been made of shallow aquifers in the county. Further work should be done to evaluate the possibilities of auxiliary supplies from the limestone of the Platteville formation or from the Niagara dolomite. \r\n\r\nConservation should be practice.4 by all users of ground water to avoid waste resulting in lower water levels and higher pumping costs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1190","usgsCitation":"Drescher, W.J., 1953, Ground-water conditions in artesian aquifers in Brown County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1190, Report: iv, 49 p.; 7 Plates: 20.00 x 9.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1190.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 49 p.; 7 Plates: 20.00 x 9.00 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415594,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Though such changes may be random, it seems more likely that there is a definite pattern of channel change directly related both to discharge and to the sediment load provided to the river by the drainage basin.
In a study by the authors [1] an analysis was made of concurrent values of suspended sediment load and width, mean depth, mean velocity, and discharge at a number of gaging stations. From the data analyzed it appeared that fairly definite relations exist between these variables.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the fifth Hydraulics Conference, June 9-11, 1952, arranged by the Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the fifth Hydraulics Conference","conferenceDate":"June 9-11, 1952","conferenceLocation":"Iowa City, IA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., and Maddock, T., 1953, Relation of suspended-sediment concentration to channel scour and fill, in Proceedings of the fifth Hydraulics Conference, June 9-11, 1952, arranged by the Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, Iowa City, IA, June 9-11, 1952, p. 159-178.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"178","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":337178,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ir.uiowa.edu/uisie/34/","text":"Conference Proceedings"},{"id":337179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"University of Iowa Studies in Engineering, 34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277fbe4b014cc3a3e771a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maddock, Thomas Jr.","contributorId":14402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184457,"text":"70184457 - 1953 - Downstream change of velocity in rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T12:02:51","indexId":"70184457","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downstream change of velocity in rivers","docAbstract":"Because river slope generally decreases in a downstream direction, it is generally supposed that velocity of flow also decreases downstream. Analysis of some of the large number of velocity measurements made at stream-gaging stations demonstrates that mean velocity generally tends to increase downstream. Although there are many reaches in nearly all rivers where mean velocity decreases downstream, the general tendency for conservation or for downstream increase was found in all data studied.
Computations of bed velocity indicate that this parameter also tends to increase downstream.
Near the streambed, shear in the vertical profile of velocity (rate of decrease of velocity with depth) tends to decrease downstream. This down-valley decrease of shear implies decreasing competence downstream.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.251.8.606","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., 1953, Downstream change of velocity in rivers: American Journal of Science, v. 251, no. 8, p. 606-624, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.251.8.606.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"606","endPage":"624","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.251.8.606","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"251","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277fbe4b014cc3a3e771c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000323,"text":"1000323 - 1953 - Movement of parasitic-phase sea lampreys in Lakes Huron and Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T11:49:13","indexId":"1000323","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement of parasitic-phase sea lampreys in Lakes Huron and Michigan","docAbstract":"A program of tagging was carrie dout in the waters of northern Lake Huron during the fall and winter of 1951-52 in order to supplement the small amount of information available on movement of sea lampreys during their parasitic phase. A total of 219 parasitic-phase sea lampreys were tagged and released at three localities. Of this number 38 or 17.2 percent were recovered. One tag was recovered near North Manitou Island, Lake Michigan. The remaining 37 were take in Lake Huron or in streams tributary to that lake. The dispersal of tagged lampreys throughout Lake Huron was wide. Five marked individuals were taken in the southern part of the lake over 150 miles from the point of tagging; 4 of these 5 were captured in Canadian waters. The marked lampreys exhibited no distinct pattern of migration other than a tendency toward a general southeasterly movement in Lake Huron.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1952)82[123:MOPSLI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.R., and Elliott, O.R., 1953, Movement of parasitic-phase sea lampreys in Lakes Huron and Michigan: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 82, no. 1, p. 123-128, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1952)82[123:MOPSLI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"128","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4814","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Bernard R.","contributorId":38924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Oliver R.","contributorId":11549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000145,"text":"1000145 - 1953 - The effect of ether anesthesia on fin-clipping rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T13:56:55","indexId":"1000145","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of ether anesthesia on fin-clipping rate","docAbstract":"As part of an experimental program to learn the effects of stocking lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Superior, 141, 392 fingerlings were marked at the Charlevoix (Michigan) Station of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in October 1952. The adipose fin was removed from all fish, the right pelvic from the remainder. A random sample of 2, 417 of the fish showed an average total length of 4.0 inches (range, 2.7 to 5.4). The mean weight of all fish marked was slightly less than one-third ounce (49 fish per pound). The local women, none of whom had previous experience in the work, were employed to mark the fish. Bone-cutting forceps were used for excision of the fins, and each worker wore a bobbinet glove to facilitate handling of the fish. On alternate days the fish were anesthetized with ether before marking, to determine the effect of its use on the fin-clipping rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[80:TEOEAO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Eschmeyer, P.H., 1953, The effect of ether anesthesia on fin-clipping rate: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 15, no. 2, p. 80-82, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[80:TEOEAO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649641","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eschmeyer, Paul H.","contributorId":86719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eschmeyer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000448,"text":"1000448 - 1953 - A modification in the technique of computing average lengths from the scales of fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T13:36:23","indexId":"1000448","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A modification in the technique of computing average lengths from the scales of fishes","docAbstract":"In virtually all the studies that employ scales, otollths, or bony structures to obtain the growth history of fishes, it has been the custom to compute lengths for each individual fish and from these data obtain the average growth rates for any particular group. This method involves a considerable amount of mathematical manipulation, time, and effort. Theoretically it should be possible to obtain the same information simply by averaging the scale measurements for each year of life and the length of the fish employed and computing the average lengths from these data. This method would eliminate all calculations for individual fish. Although Van Oosten (1929: 338) pointed out many years ago the validity of this method of computation, his statements apparently have been overlooked by subsequent investigators.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[85:AMITTO]2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Van Oosten, J., 1953, A modification in the technique of computing average lengths from the scales of fishes: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 15, no. 2, p. 85-86, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[85:AMITTO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"p. 85-86","startPage":"85","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266617,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[85:AMITTO]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adeed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Oosten, John","contributorId":23479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oosten","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000220,"text":"1000220 - 1953 - Perch studies in Green Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T13:24:54","indexId":"1000220","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perch studies in Green Bay","docAbstract":"For years the commercial fishermen of southern Green Bay contended that the minimum length of 8 inches for yellow perch in that are should be reduced because (1) the perch population was stunted, incapable of reaching the size of 8 inches in any numbers, and (2) the larger perch tended to desert the southern part of the bay after spawning in may. To throw light on this perennially controversial problem, the Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wisconsin Conservation Department in 1948 initiated a cooperative program of study which included the marking of roughly 10,000 to 30,000 spawning-run perch annually, 1948-51, and the investigation of the age and size of fish taken in commercial nets. In general, the views of the commercial fishermen were substantiated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[133:PSIGB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hile, R., 1953, Perch studies in Green Bay: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 15, no. 3, p. 133-134, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[133:PSIGB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"134","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6887f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hile, Ralph","contributorId":48510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hile","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000221,"text":"1000221 - 1953 - Trout fishing in Michigan waters of Lake Superior, 1952","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:35","indexId":"1000221","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3560,"text":"The Fisherman","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trout fishing in Michigan waters of Lake Superior, 1952","docAbstract":"This article has been prepared to present the results of recently completed statistical studies on the fishery in the State of Michigan waters of the lake. The tabulations of production of lake trout and the estimates of levels of fishing pressure and abundance in the various statistical districts have been based on the monthly reports submitted by commercial operators to the Michigan Department of Conservation and turned over to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for statistical analysis. To be sure, trends indicated by these statistics may not hold exactly for other areas of the lake. Conditions in Michigan are nonetheless of primary importance since during the last 25 years that state has accounted for nearly half of the entire Lake Superior trout production and for more than 70 percent of the take in U.S. waters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Fisherman","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Hile, R., 1953, Trout fishing in Michigan waters of Lake Superior, 1952: The Fisherman, v. 21, no. 5, p. 7, 11-12, 14.","productDescription":"p. 7, 11-12, 14","startPage":"7, 11","endPage":"12, 14","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0651","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hile, Ralph","contributorId":48510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hile","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19124,"text":"ofr5379 - 1953 - Preliminary report on the geology of the Nelchina area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T12:44:54.18474","indexId":"ofr5379","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-79","title":"Preliminary report on the geology of the Nelchina area, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5379","usgsCitation":"Grantz, A., 1953, Preliminary report on the geology of the Nelchina area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-79, Report: 2 p.; Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5379.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; Plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429329,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/10494","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":106289,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7893.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":152493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0079/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48587,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0079/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48586,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0079/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48585,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0079/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48584,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0079/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689fa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grantz, Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014112,"text":"1014112 - 1953 - A century of American fish culture, 1853 - 1953","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T15:49:01.623048","indexId":"1014112","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A century of American fish culture, 1853 - 1953","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[147:ACOAFC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wood, E.M., 1953, A century of American fish culture, 1853 - 1953: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 15, p. 147-162, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[147:ACOAFC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b10e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, E. M.","contributorId":68685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39721,"text":"pp257A - 1953 - Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52055,"text":"ofr49117 - 1949 - Statement on the hydrology of pre-Pleistocene (?) aquifers, from a chapter on water resources to be included in a Geological Survey report on the geology of North Utah Valley","indexId":"ofr49117","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"title":"Statement on the hydrology of pre-Pleistocene (?) aquifers, from a chapter on water resources to be included in a Geological Survey report on the geology of North Utah Valley"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39721,"text":"pp257A - 1953 - Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah","indexId":"pp257A","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-22T15:28:33.251107","indexId":"pp257A","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"257","chapter":"A","title":"Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"Lake Bonneville was a vast Pleistocene lake that covered 20,000 square miles in northwestern Utah and had a maximum depth of about 1,000 feet. It was a body of water comparable in size to modern Lake Michigan.
Surveys of the unconsolidated deposits in the Lake Bonneville basin utilize the same methods used in studies of hard rocks, namely: separation of the deposits into mappable units and contacts between formations; observations of lateral and vertical changes in lithology; and plotting of these data on the map.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp257A","usgsCitation":"Hunt, C.B., Varnes, H., and Thomas, H.E., 1953, Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 257, Report: v, 99 p.; 4 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp257A.","productDescription":"Report: v, 99 p.; 4 Plates","numberOfPages":"109","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409532,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409531,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409530,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409529,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67485,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Northern Utah Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, C. B.","contributorId":42573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varnes, H.D.","contributorId":38631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000296,"text":"1000296 - 1953 - Lake fisheries need lamprey control and research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:05","indexId":"1000296","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3560,"text":"The Fisherman","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake fisheries need lamprey control and research","docAbstract":"Since 1921, when the first sea lamprey was recorded from Lake Erie, concern about this parasite in the Great Lakes above Niagara Falls, where previously it had never occurred, grew successively. At first, the concern was shared only in scientific circles, but as the parasite continued its persistent and rapid spread throughout the upper Great Lakes this concern was voiced by state conservation departments, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and interested fishermen. Catches of lake trout especially, and other species secondarily, began to fall below anything representing normal fluctuations in abundance. The fishing industry on Lake Huron and Lake Michigan became extremely concerned due to the fact that income was diminishing greatly. Producers on Lake Superior were fearful that the same decline in production would soon characterize their fishery.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Fisherman","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Moffett, J.W., 1953, Lake fisheries need lamprey control and research: The Fisherman, v. 21, no. 4, p. 10-11.","productDescription":"p. 10-11,14","startPage":"10","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moffett, James W.","contributorId":94245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013777,"text":"1013777 - 1953 - A more comprehensive description of Bacterium salmonicida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T16:04:37.996823","indexId":"1013777","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A more comprehensive description of Bacterium salmonicida","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to establish a set of descriptive data which could be used as a reference or a standard in the identification of Bacterium salmonicida, the cause of furunculosis in fish. Since a complete description of B. salmonicida was not available, bacteriologists were not in a position to identify this microorganism in a manner which would meet the rigorous requirements of present‐day bacteriology.
Ten strains of B. salmonicida were employed in these studies. A detailed description is presented which includes the morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics of B. salmonicida. In addition, various factors such as oxygen, pH, temperature, and composition of media are discussed in terms of their influence on the formation of the melanin‐like pigment which is characteristically produced by this microorganism.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1952)82[129:AMCDOB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Griffin, P.J., Snieszko, S.F., and Friddle, S.B., 1953, A more comprehensive description of Bacterium salmonicida: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 82, no. 1, p. 129-138, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1952)82[129:AMCDOB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132197,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, P. J.","contributorId":50111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"P.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friddle, S. B.","contributorId":18299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friddle","given":"S.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000163,"text":"1000163 - 1953 - The movement of tagged lake trout in Lake Superior, 1950-52","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T15:59:50.564467","indexId":"1000163","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The movement of tagged lake trout in Lake Superior, 1950-52","docAbstract":"A total of 733 native lake trout was tagged at two widely separated localities in Lake Superior; subsequent recaptures numbered 155 fish (21.1 percent) during the year following marking. In October 1950, 116 large lake trout (average total length, 27.3 inches) were tagged near Keweenaw Point, Michigan. Fifteen (12.9 percent) were recovered during the first year at points as far west as the Gooseberry River, Minnesota (190 miles), north to the Slate Islands, Ontario (95 miles), and east to Grand Marais, Michigan (100 miles). Nine fish (7.8 percent) were recovered during the second year after marking. Returns from 617 tagged lake trout of smaller size (average length 18.2 inches) released in the Apostle Island region of Wisconsin during the period June 12 to August 6, 1951, numbered 140 (22.7 percent) during the first year. Of these fish, 90 percent were recaptured within a radius of 50 miles of the points of release. Seventy-six percent were caught in Wisconsin, 14 percent in Minnesota, and 9 percent in Michigan waters. The fish retaken in Michigan had moved 120 to 255 miles between the time of release and recapture, traveling as far west as Grand Marais. Lake trout recaptured at distances of more than 50 miles from the tagging locality were of larger average size than marked fish caught within this radius.
The four types of tags used in the marking of lake trout in the Apostle Island region, together with the number tagged and percentage recovered during the first year were as follows: 103 aluminum lower-jaw tags (used only on fish less than 17 inches in length when marked)-10.7 percent; 200 monel upper-jaw tags-14 percent; 162 streamer tags-19.8 percent; and 152 Peterson tags-45.4 percent. Obviously lake trout marked with the Peterson tag, with the discs and ends of the pin projecting from each side near the point of maximum girth, were more vulnerable to the fishery than were fish marked with other tags. The recoveries of marked fish show that Lake Superior lake trout-particularly fish of large size-may move many miles and freely cross political boundaries; and that the rate of harvest is moderately high for a fish with a life history as long as that of the lake trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1952)82[68:TMOTLT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Eschmeyer, P.H., Daly, R., and Erkkila, L.F., 1953, The movement of tagged lake trout in Lake Superior, 1950-52: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 82, no. 1, p. 68-77, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1952)82[68:TMOTLT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131506,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.19938850679905,\n 47.70219251975135\n ],\n [\n -92.37337344484679,\n 46.40701495117111\n ],\n [\n -83.83637874402585,\n 45.65664135395102\n ],\n [\n -84.57836262100768,\n 47.082340243879926\n ],\n [\n -88.18587494263889,\n 48.25603863790735\n ],\n [\n -89.83058347192485,\n 48.02490350307414\n ],\n [\n -91.19938850679905,\n 47.70219251975135\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4732","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eschmeyer, Paul H.","contributorId":86719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eschmeyer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daly, Russell","contributorId":97857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daly","given":"Russell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erkkila, Leo F.","contributorId":92197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erkkila","given":"Leo","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81352,"text":"81352 - 1953 - Directing the movement of fish with electricity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T15:38:38.046949","indexId":"81352","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":84,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Fisheries","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"93","title":"Directing the movement of fish with electricity","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"McLain, A.L., and Nielsen, W.L., 1953, Directing the movement of fish with electricity: Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 93, 24 p.","productDescription":"24 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101779,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/content/directing-movement-fish-electricity","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64abc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLain, Alberton L.","contributorId":15561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLain","given":"Alberton","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, Willis L.","contributorId":20864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Willis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}