The Johnson County Blue River Main Wastewater Treatment Facility discharges into the upper Blue River near the border between Johnson County, Kansas and Jackson County, Missouri. During 2005 through 2007 the wastewater treatment facility underwent upgrades to increase capacity and include biological nutrient removal. The effects of wastewater effluent on environmental and biological conditions of the upper Blue River were assessed by comparing an upstream site to two sites located downstream from the wastewater treatment facility. Environmental conditions were evaluated using previously and newly collected discrete and continuous data, and were compared with an assessment of biological community composition and ecosystem function along the upstream-downstream gradient. This evaluation is useful for understanding the potential effects of wastewater effluent on water quality, biological community structure, and ecosystem function. In addition, this information can be used to help achieve National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) wastewater effluent permit requirements after additional studies are conducted.
The effects of wastewater effluent on the water-quality conditions of the upper Blue River were most evident during below-normal and normal streamflows (about 75 percent of the time), when wastewater effluent contributed more than 20 percent to total streamflow. The largest difference in water-quality conditions between the upstream and downstream sites was in nutrient concentrations. Total and inorganic nutrient concentrations at the downstream sites during below-normal and normal streamflows were 4 to 15 times larger than at the upstream site, even after upgrades to the wastewater treatment facility were completed. However, total nitrogen concentrations decreased in wastewater effluent and at the downstream site following wastewater treatment facility upgrades. Similar decreases in total phosphorus were not observed, likely because the biological phosphorus removal process was not optimized until after the study was completed.
Total nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater treatment facility contributed a relatively small percentage (14 to 15 percent) to the annual nutrient load in the upper Blue River, but contributed substantially (as much as 75 percent) to monthly loads during seasonal low-flows in winter and summer. During 2007 and 2008, annual discharge from the wastewater treatment facility was about one-half maximum capacity, and estimated potential maximum annual loads were 1.6 to 2.4 times greater than annual loads before capacity upgrades. Even when target nutrient concentrations are met, annual nutrient loads will increase when the wastewater treatment facility is operated at full capacity. Regardless of changes in annual nutrient loads, the reduction of nutrient concentrations in the Blue River Main wastewater effluent will help prevent further degradation of the upper Blue River.
The Blue River Main Wastewater Treatment Facility wastewater effluent caused changes in concentrations of several water-quality constituents that may affect biological community structure and function including larger concentrations of bioavailable nutrients (nitrate and orthophosphorus) and smaller turbidities. Streambed-sediment conditions were similar along the upstream-downstream gradient and measured constituents did not exceed probable effect concentrations. Habitat conditions declined along the upstream-downstream gradient, largely because of decreased canopy cover and riparian buffer width and increased riffle-substrate fouling. Algal biomass, primary production, and the abundance of nutrient-tolerant diatoms substantially increased downstream from the wastewater treatment facility. Likewise, the abundance of intolerant macroinvertebrate taxa and Kansas Department of Health and Environment aquatic-life-support scores, derived from macroinvertebrate data, significantly decreased downstream from the wastewater treatment facility. Ecosystem functional health, evaluated using a preliminary framework based on primary production and community respiration, downstream from the wastewater treatment facility was mildly impaired relative to the upstream site during summer 2008 but not during other times of the year.
Upgrades to the Blue River Main Wastewater Treatment Facility improved wastewater effluent quality, but the wastewater effluent discharge still had negative effects on the water quality and biological conditions at the downstream sites. Wastewater effluent discharge into the upper Blue River likely contributed to changes in measures of ecosystem structure (streamflow, water chemistry, algal biomass, algal periphyton and macroinvertebrate community composition) and primary production, a measure of ecosystem function, along the upstream-downstream gradient. Because the Blue River Main Wastewater Treatment Facility is located in a rapidly urbanizing area, urbanization effects also may play a role in the decline in environmental and biological conditions along the upstream-downstream gradient. Despite these differences in environmental and biological conditions, ecosystem functional health was not impaired downstream from the WWTF during most times of the year, indicating the declines in environmental and biological conditions along the upstream-downstream gradient were not substantial enough to cause persistent changes in ecosystem function.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105248","usgsCitation":"Graham, J.L., Stone, M.L., Rasmussen, T.J., and Poulton, B.C., 2010, Effects of wastewater effluent discharge and treatment facility upgrades on environmental and biological conditions of the upper Blue River, Johnson County, Kansas and Jackson County, Missouri, January 2003 through March 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5248, ix, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105248.","productDescription":"ix, 59 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431731,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94726.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14419,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5248/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":137666,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Conic Equal-Area projection","country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Missouri","county":"Jackson County, Johnson County","otherGeospatial":"Upper Blue River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.833,\n 38.7361\n ],\n [\n -94.833,\n 39.1161\n ],\n [\n -94.4353,\n 39.1161\n ],\n [\n -94.4353,\n 38.7361\n ],\n [\n -94.833,\n 38.7361\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Mandy L. 0000-0002-6711-1536 mstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-1536","contributorId":4409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Mandy","email":"mstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rasmussen, Teresa J. 0000-0002-7023-3868 rasmuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-3868","contributorId":3336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Teresa","email":"rasmuss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poulton, Barry C. 0000-0002-7219-4911 bpoulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-4911","contributorId":2421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"Barry","email":"bpoulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98982,"text":"ofr20101326 - 2010 - Strontium isotope detection of brine contamination in the East Poplar oil field, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-01T19:43:22","indexId":"ofr20101326","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1326","title":"Strontium isotope detection of brine contamination in the East Poplar oil field, Montana","docAbstract":"Brine contamination of groundwater in the East Poplar oil field was first documented in the mid-1980s by the U.S. Geological Survey by using hydrochemistry, with an emphasis on chloride (Cl) and total dissolved solids concentrations. Supply wells for the City of Poplar are located downgradient from the oil field, are completed in the same shallow aquifers that are documented as contaminated, and therefore are potentially at risk of being contaminated. In cooperation with the Office of Environmental Protection of the Fort Peck Tribes, groundwater samples were collected in 2009 and 2010 from supply wells, monitor wells, and the Poplar River for analyses of major and trace elements, including strontium (Sr) concentrations and isotopic compositions. The ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86 (87Sr/86Sr) is used extensively as a natural tracer in groundwater to detect mixing among waters from different sources and to study the effects of water/rock interaction. On a plot of the reciprocal strontium concentration against the 87Sr/86Sr ratio, mixtures of two end members will produce a linear array. Using this plotting method, data for samples from most of the wells, including the City of Poplar wells, define an array with reciprocal strontium values ranging from 0.08 to 4.15 and 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging from 0.70811 to 0.70828. This array is composed of a brine end member with an average 87Sr/86Sr of 0.70822, strontium concentrations in excess of 12.5 milligrams per liter (mg/L), and chloride concentrations exceeding 8,000 mg/L mixing with uncontaminated water similar to that in USGS06-08 with 18.0 mg/L chloride, 0.24 mg/L strontium, and a 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70811. The position of samples from the City of Poplar public-water supply wells within this array indicates that brine contamination has reached all three wells. Outliers from this array are EPU-4G (groundwater from the Cretaceous Judith River Formation), brine samples from disposal wells (Huber 5-D and EPU 1-D), USGS92-11 (a well with water that was considerably contaminated in 1992 and becoming less saline with time), and PNR-27 (only slightly below the defined trend with an 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70793). Water samples from the City of Poplar wells are also enriched in anions and cations that are abundant in oil-field brine.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101326","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Fort Peck Tribes Office of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Peterman, Z., Thamke, J., Futa, K., and Oliver, T.A., 2010, Strontium isotope detection of brine contamination in the East Poplar oil field, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1326, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101326.","productDescription":"20 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14416,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1326/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1326.png"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell E.","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Futa, Kiyoto 0000-0001-8649-7510 kfuta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-7510","contributorId":619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"Kiyoto","email":"kfuta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oliver, Thomas A. 0000-0002-6455-1114 taoliver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6455-1114","contributorId":2957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"Thomas","email":"taoliver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98981,"text":"fs20103016 - 2010 - Regional climate change-Science in the Southeast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:44","indexId":"fs20103016","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3016","title":"Regional climate change-Science in the Southeast","docAbstract":"Resource managers are at the forefront of a new era of management. They must consider the potential impacts of climate change on the Nation's resources and proactively develop strategies for dealing with those impacts on plants, animals, and ecosystems. This requires rigorous, scientific understanding of environmental change.\r\n\r\nThe role of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in this effort is to analyze climate-change data and develop tools for assessing how changing conditions are likely to impact resources. This information will assist Federal, State, local, and tribal partners manage resources strategically. The 2008 Omnibus Budget Act and Secretarial Order 3289 established a new network of eight Department of Interior Regional Climate Science Centers to provide technical support for resource managers.\r\n\r\nThe Southeast Regional Assessment Project (SERAP) is the first regional assessment to be funded by the USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (http://nccw.usgs.gov/). The USGS is working closely with the developing Department of Interior Landscape Conservation Cooperatives to ensure that the project will meet the needs of resource managers in the Southeast. In addition, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is providing resources to the SERAP to expand the scope of the project.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103016","usgsCitation":"Jones, S.A., 2010, Regional climate change-Science in the Southeast: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3016, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103016.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3016.bmp"},{"id":14415,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62817a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Sonya A. 0000-0002-7462-8576 sajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-8576","contributorId":1690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Sonya","email":"sajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98980,"text":"ofr20101311 - 2010 - Audio-magnetotelluric survey to characterize the Sunnyside porphyry copper system in the Patagonia Mountains, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:45","indexId":"ofr20101311","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1311","title":"Audio-magnetotelluric survey to characterize the Sunnyside porphyry copper system in the Patagonia Mountains, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Sunnyside porphyry copper system is part of the concealed San Rafael Valley porphyry system located in the Patagonia Mountains of Arizona. The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a series of multidisciplinary studies as part of the Assessment Techniques for Concealed Mineral Resources project. To help characterize the size, resistivity, and skin depth of the polarizable mineral deposit concealed beneath thick overburden, a regional east-west audio-magnetotelluric sounding profile was acquired. The purpose of this report is to release the audio-magnetotelluric sounding data collected along that east-west profile. No interpretation of the data is included.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101311","usgsCitation":"Sampson, J.A., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2010, Audio-magnetotelluric survey to characterize the Sunnyside porphyry copper system in the Patagonia Mountains, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1311, iii, 57 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101311.","productDescription":"iii, 57 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1311.bmp"},{"id":14414,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1311/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66818d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sampson, Jay A.","contributorId":13939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9000524,"text":"sir20105190 - 2010 - Preliminary Assessment of the Hydrogeology and Groundwater Availability in the Metamorphic and Siliciclastic Fractured-Rock Aquifer Systems of Warren County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"sir20105190","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5190","title":"Preliminary Assessment of the Hydrogeology and Groundwater Availability in the Metamorphic and Siliciclastic Fractured-Rock Aquifer Systems of Warren County, Virginia","docAbstract":"Expanding development and the prolonged drought from 1999 to 2002 drew attention to the quantity and sustainability of the groundwater resources in Warren County, Virginia. The groundwater flow systems of the county are complex and are controlled by the extremely folded and faulted geology that underlies the county. A study was conducted between May 2002 and October 2008 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Warren County, Virginia, to describe the hydrogeology of the metamorphic and siliciclastic fractured-rock aquifers and groundwater availability in the county and to establish a long-term water monitoring network. The study area encompasses approximately 170 square miles and includes the metamorphic rocks of the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province and siliciclastic rocks of the Great Valley section of the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province. Well depths tend to be shallowest in the siliciclastic rock unit (predominantly in the Martinsburg Formation) where 75 percent of the wells are less than 200 feet deep. Median depths to bedrock are generally less than 40 feet across the county and vary in response to the presence of surficial deposits, faults, siliciclastic rock type, and topographic setting. Water-bearing zones are generally within 200 feet of land surface; median depths, however, are slightly deeper for the hydrogeologic units of the Blue Ridge Province than for those of the Great Valley section of the county. Median well yields for the different rock units generally range from 10 to 20 gallons per minute. High-yielding wells tend to cluster along faults, along the eastern contact of the Martinsburg Formation, and within potential lineament zones. Specific capacity is relatively low and ranges from 0.003 to 1.43 gallons per minute per foot with median values from 0.12 to 0.24 gallon per minute per foot. Transmissivity values derived from specific capacity data range over four orders of magnitude from 0.6 to 380 feet squared per day. Estimates of effective groundwater recharge from 2001 to 2007 ranged from 2.4 to 29.4 inches per year in the Gooney Run, Manassas Run, and Crooked Run Basins, with averages of 15.3, 14.2, and 5.3 inches per year, respectively. Base flow accounted for between 57 and 86 percent of mean streamflow in the Gooney Run and Manassas Run Basins and averaged about 70 percent in these Blue Ridge Province basins. In the siliciclastic rock-dominated Crooked Run Basin of the Great Valley, base flow accounted for between 33 and 65 percent of mean streamflow and averaged about 54 percent. The high base-flow index values (percentage of streamflow from base flow) in these basins indicate that groundwater is the dominant source of streamflow during wet and drought conditions. About 50 percent of the precipitation that fell on the Blue Ridge basins from 2001 to 2007 was removed by evapotranspiration, and between 33 and 36 percent of the precipitation reached the water table as effective recharge. Nearly 76 percent of the precipitation was removed by evapotranspiration in the Crooked Run Basin, and effective recharge averaged about 12 percent of precipitation between 2001 and 2007. Average values of runoff in all three basins were less than 15 percent of precipitation. Groundwater flow systems in the county are extremely vulnerable to current climatic conditions. Successive years of below-average effective recharge cause declines in water levels, spring discharges, and streamflows. However, these systems can recover quickly because effective recharge increases with increasing precipitation. Lack of precipitation, especially snow, during the critical recharge period (January-April) can have an effect on the amount of recharge to the groundwater system and eventual stream base flow. Estimated values of annual mean base flow have approached and have been below the average regression-derived recharge rates during a period classified as having above-average precipitation. This relation is indicative ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105190","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Warren County, Virginia\r\n","usgsCitation":"Nelms, D.L., and Moberg, R.M., 2010, Preliminary Assessment of the Hydrogeology and Groundwater Availability in the Metamorphic and Siliciclastic Fractured-Rock Aquifer Systems of Warren County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5190, x, 74 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105190.","productDescription":"x, 74 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5190.bmp"},{"id":19183,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5190/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moberg, Roger M. rmmoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":3655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moberg","given":"Roger","email":"rmmoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040460,"text":"70040460 - 2010 - Local sensitivity analysis for inverse problems solved by singular value decomposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T16:07:51","indexId":"70040460","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T16:03:41","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Local sensitivity analysis for inverse problems solved by singular value decomposition","docAbstract":"Local sensitivity analysis provides computationally frugal ways to evaluate models commonly used for resource management, risk assessment, and so on. This includes diagnosing inverse model convergence problems caused by parameter insensitivity and(or) parameter interdependence (correlation), understanding what aspects of the model and data contribute to measures of uncertainty, and identifying new data likely to reduce model uncertainty. Here, we consider sensitivity statistics relevant to models in which the process model parameters are transformed using singular value decomposition (SVD) to create SVD parameters for model calibration. The statistics considered include the PEST identifiability statistic, and combined use of the process-model parameter statistics composite scaled sensitivities and parameter correlation coefficients (CSS and PCC). The statistics are complimentary in that the identifiability statistic integrates the effects of parameter sensitivity and interdependence, while CSS and PCC provide individual measures of sensitivity and interdependence. PCC quantifies correlations between pairs or larger sets of parameters; when a set of parameters is intercorrelated, the absolute value of PCC is close to 1.00 for all pairs in the set. The number of singular vectors to include in the calculation of the identifiability statistic is somewhat subjective and influences the statistic. To demonstrate the statistics, we use the USDA’s Root Zone Water Quality Model to simulate nitrogen fate and transport in the unsaturated zone of the Merced River Basin, CA. There are 16 log-transformed process-model parameters, including water content at field capacity (WFC) and bulk density (BD) for each of five soil layers. Calibration data consisted of 1,670 observations comprising soil moisture, soil water tension, aqueous nitrate and bromide concentrations, soil nitrate concentration, and organic matter content. All 16 of the SVD parameters could be estimated by regression based on the range of singular values. Identifiability statistic results varied based on the number of SVD parameters included. Identifiability statistics calculated for four SVD parameters indicate the same three most important process-model parameters as CSS/PCC (WFC1, WFC2, and BD2), but the order differed. Additionally, the identifiability statistic showed that BD1 was almost as dominant as WFC1. The CSS/PCC analysis showed that this results from its high correlation with WCF1 (-0.94), and not its individual sensitivity. Such distinctions, combined with analysis of how high correlations and(or) sensitivities result from the constructed model, can produce important insights into, for example, the use of sensitivity analysis to design monitoring networks. In conclusion, the statistics considered identified similar important parameters. They differ because (1) with CSS/PCC can be more awkward because sensitivity and interdependence are considered separately and (2) identifiability requires consideration of how many SVD parameters to include. 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Data were collected using hydro-acoustic instruments and continuous water-quality monitors at fixed monitoring stations. Water flowed through ENP within two distinct drainage basins; specifically, Shark Slough and Taylor Slough. Discharge to the southwest coast through Shark Slough was substantially larger than discharge to the southeast coast through Taylor Slough. Correlation analysis between coastal flows and regulated flows at water-management structures upstream from ENP suggests rainfall has a larger impact on discharge through Shark Slough than releases from the S-12 water management structures. In contrast, flow releases from water management structures upstream from Taylor Slough appear to be more closely related to discharge along the southeast coast. Salinity varied within a wide range (0 to 50 parts per thousand) along both coastlines. Periods of hypersalinity were greater along the southeast coast due to shallow compartmentalized basins within Florida Bay, which restrict circulation.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Perspective on Current & Future State of Water Resources & the Environment","conferenceTitle":"3rd International Perspective on Current & Future State of Water Resources & the Environment","conferenceDate":"2010-01-05T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Chennai, India","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Woods, J., 2010, Surface water discharge and salinity monitoring of coastal estuaries in Everglades National Park, USA, in support of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-014834","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287018,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/swdis_salmon/index.html"},{"id":279181,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/swdis_salmon/ASCE_Conference_Paper_JWoods.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park;Florida Bay;Shark Slough;Taylor Slough","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5212,24.85 ], [ -81.5212,25.8918 ], [ -79.9904,25.8918 ], [ -79.9904,24.85 ], [ -81.5212,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537717f9e4b02eab8669ef76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, Jeff","contributorId":15487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98979,"text":"gip117 - 2010 - Eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes—Past, present, and future","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7000007,"text":"7000007 - 1987 - Eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes : past, present, and future","indexId":"7000007","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes : past, present, and future"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":98979,"text":"gip117 - 2010 - Eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes—Past, present, and future","indexId":"gip117","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes—Past, present, and future"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T12:42:38.757137","indexId":"gip117","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"117","displayTitle":"Eruptions of Hawaiian Volcanoes—Past, Present, and Future","title":"Eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes—Past, present, and future","docAbstract":"Viewing an erupting volcano is a memorable experience, one that has inspired fear, superstition, worship, curiosity, and fascination since before the dawn of civilization. In modern times, volcanic phenomena have attracted intense scientific interest because they provide the key to understanding processes that have created and shaped more than 80 percent of the Earth’s surface. The active Hawaiian volcanoes have received special attention worldwide because of their frequent spectacular eruptions, which often can be viewed and studied with relative ease and safety.
In January 1987, the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), then located on the caldera rim of Kīlauea, celebrated its 75th anniversary. To honor this anniversary, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) published Professional Paper 1350, a comprehensive summary of the many studies on Hawaiian volcanism by USGS and other scientists through the mid-1980s. Drawing from the wealth of data contained in that volume, the USGS also published in 1987 the original edition of this general-interest booklet, focusing on selected aspects of the eruptive history, style, and products of two of the State of Hawaii’s active volcanoes—Kīlauea and Mauna Loa. A second edition of the booklet was published in 2010 to commemorate the Centennial of HVO (which occurred in January 2012), summarizing abundant new information gained since the January 1983 onset of Kīlauea’s middle East Rift Zone eruption at Pu‘u‘ō‘ō and the March 2008 beginning of Kīlauea’s summit lava-lake activity within Halema‘uma‘u. In this third edition, we include highlights from Kīlauea’s subsequent activity, including the 2018 eruption in the lower East Rift Zone—the largest and most destructive in at least 200 years—and associated summit-collapse events, the eruptions at Kīlauea’s summit since 2018, and the 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa, which occurred after 38 years of quiescence. It also considers new data leading to an improved history of Kīlauea’s explosive activity in the recent geologic past.
This general-interest booklet is a companion to the one on Mount St. Helens volcano (southwestern Washington) first published in 1984, revised in 1990. Together, these publications illustrate the contrast between the two main types of volcanoes: shield volcanoes, such as those in the State of Hawaii, which generally are nonexplosive to weakly explosive; and composite volcanoes, such as Mount St. Helens in the Cascade Range, which generally erupt explosively.
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\"}}]}","edition":"ver. 1.0: 1987; ver. 2.0: 2010, ver. 3.0: 2024","contact":"Contact HVO
Volcano Science Center, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1266 Kamehameha Avenue
Suite A-8
Hilo, HI 96720
Within three decades of European-descended settlers arriving in Iowa, much of the land cover across the state was transformed from prairie and forest to farmland, patches of forest, and urbanized areas. Between 1832 and 1859, the General Land Office surveyed the state of Iowa to aid in the disbursement of land. In 1875, an illustrated atlas of the State of Iowa was published. Using these two data resources for classifying land cover, the hydrologic impact of the land cover change resulting from the first three decades of settlement is presented in terms of the effect on the area-weighted average curve number, a term commonly used to predict runoff from rainstorms. In the four watersheds studied, the area-weighted average curve number increased by a mean of 16.4 from 61.4 to 77.8 with the greatest magnitude of change occurring in the two western Iowa watersheds as opposed to the two more heavily forested eastern Iowa watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000234","issn":"19360584","usgsCitation":"Wehmeyer, L.L., and Weirich, F.H., 2010, Effect of historic land cover change on runoff curve number estimation in Iowa: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 15, no. 9, p. 692-695, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000234.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"692","endPage":"695","ipdsId":"IP-011351","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"15","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05f1e4b0c8380cd51036","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wehmeyer, Loren L.","contributorId":90412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehmeyer","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weirich, Frank H.","contributorId":52426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weirich","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004969,"text":"70004969 - 2010 - Hydrogeology of the Markagunt Plateau, Southwestern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T09:54:09","indexId":"70004969","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Hydrogeology of the Markagunt Plateau, Southwestern Utah","docAbstract":"The Markagunt Plateau, in southwestern Utah, lies at an altitude of about 9,500 feet and is capped primarily by Quaternary-age basalt that overlies Eocene-age freshwater limestone of the Claron Formation. Over large parts of the Markagunt Plateau, dissolution of the Claron limestone and subsequent collapse of the overlying basalt have produced a terrain characterized by sinkholes as much as 1,000 feet across and 100 feet deep. Numerous large springs discharge from the basalt and underlying limestone on the plateau, including Mammoth Spring, one of the largest springs in Utah, with a discharge that can exceed 300 cubic feet per second. Discharge from Mammoth Spring is from the Claron Formation; however, recharge to the spring largely takes place by both focused and diffuse infiltration through the basalt that caps the limestone. Results of dye tracing to Mammoth Spring indicate that recharge originates largely southwest of the spring outside of the Mammoth Creek watershed, as well as from losing reaches along Mammoth Creek. Maximum groundwater travel time to the spring from dye-tracer tests during the snowmelt runoff period was about 1 week. Specific conductance and water temperature data from the spring show an inverse relation to discharge during snowmelt runoff and rainfall events, also indicating short groundwater residence times. Results of major-ion analyses for samples collected from Mammoth and other springs on the plateau indicate calcium-bicarbonate type water containing low (less than 200 mg/L) dissolved-solids concentrations.\n\nInvestigations in the Navajo Lake area along the southern margin of the plateau have shown that water losing to sinkholes bifurcates and discharges to both Cascade and Duck Creek Springs, which subsequently flow into the Virgin and Sevier River basins, respectively. Groundwater travel times to these springs, on the basis of dye tracing, were about 8.5 and 53 hours, respectively. Similarly, groundwater travel time from Duck Creek Sinks to Lower Asay Spring was about 68 hours. Dye-tracer studies conducted at the Mammoth Creek fish hatchery along the eastern margin of the Markagunt Plateau indicate that water losing through the channel of Mammoth Creek 3,000 feet upstream of the hatchery discharges from the hatchery springs in about 7.5 hours. Results of studies using soil bacteria and club moss spores as surrogate particle tracers for the whirling disease parasite also indicate that the potential exists for transport of the parasite to the springs from Mammoth Creek.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"UGA Guidebook","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological Association","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, Utah","usgsCitation":"Spangler, L.E., 2010, Hydrogeology of the Markagunt Plateau, Southwestern Utah, chap. of UGA Guidebook, v. 39, p. 93-108.","startPage":"93","endPage":"108","ipdsId":"IP-030830","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f329e4b04edf7e93f8d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spangler, Lawrence E. 0000-0003-3928-8809 spangler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-8809","contributorId":973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"Lawrence","email":"spangler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70173568,"text":"70173568 - 2010 - Distribution and community characteristics of staging shorebirds on the northern coast of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-04T18:54:16.397039","indexId":"70173568","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and community characteristics of staging shorebirds on the northern coast of Alaska","docAbstract":"Avian studies conducted in the 1970s on Alaska’s Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) indicated that coastal littoral habitats are important to Arctic-breeding shorebirds for staging prior to fall migration. However, relatively little recent, broad-scale, or quantitative information exists on shorebird use of staging areas in this region. To locate possible shorebird concentration areas in the littoral zone of the ACP, we conducted aerial surveys from the southwest end of Kasegaluk Lagoon on the Chukchi Sea to Demarcation Point on the Beaufort Sea during the summers of 2005–07. These surveys identified persistent within- and between-year concentrations of staging shorebirds at Peard Bay, Point Barrow/Elson Lagoon, Cape Simpson, and Smith Bay to Cape Halkett. Among river deltas in the Beaufort Sea, the Sagavanirktok and Kongakut deltas had large concentrations of staging shorebirds. We also collected data on shorebird community characteristics, staging phenology, and habitat use in 2005 and 2006 by conducting land-based surveys at six camps: Kasegaluk Lagoon, Peard Bay, Point Barrow/Elson Lagoon, Colville Delta, Sagavanirktok Delta, and Okpilak Delta. The shorebird community was more even and diverse (evenness E and Shannon Weiner H’) along the Beaufort Sea compared to the Chukchi Sea and in 2005 versus 2006. Staging phenology varied by species and location and differed for several species from that reported in previous studies. Our results suggest the existence of three foraging habitat guilds among the shorebird species observed in this study: gravel beach, mudflat, and salt marsh/pond edge. A comparison to data collected in the mid-1970s suggests that these foraging associations are conserved through time. Results from this research will be useful to land managers for monitoring the effects of changing environmental conditions and human activity on shorebirds and their habitats in Arctic Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North American","doi":"10.14430/arctic3334","usgsCitation":"Taylor, A.R., Lanctot, R., Powell, A.N., Huettmann, F., Nigro, D.A., and Kendall, S.J., 2010, Distribution and community characteristics of staging shorebirds on the northern coast of Alaska: Arctic, v. 63, no. 4, p. 451-467, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic3334.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"467","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-014205","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic3334","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323515,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575fd92ce4b04f417c2baa11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Audrey R.","contributorId":10396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Audrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":77879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, Abby N. 0000-0002-9783-134X abby_powell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-134X","contributorId":171426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huettmann, Falk","contributorId":15663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huettmann","given":"Falk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nigro, Debora A.","contributorId":10628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nigro","given":"Debora","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12934,"text":"Bureau of Land Management, Arctic Field Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, Steven J.","contributorId":30911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kendall","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70173569,"text":"70173569 - 2010 - Health evaluation of western arctic King Eiders (Somateria spectabilis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-13T15:04:03","indexId":"70173569","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Health evaluation of western arctic King Eiders (Somateria spectabilis)","docAbstract":"The western arctic population of King Eiders (Somateria spectabilis) has declined by >50% in recent years. A health assessment was conducted for adult King Eiders breeding on the north slope of Alaska, USA, to evaluate body condition (n=90, 2002–2006) and baseline biochemical and hematologic values (n=20–30, 2005–2006). Body condition for males and females was excellent. Total protein, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, and globulin were significantly higher in females than in males, likely because of differences in reproductive physiology. These baseline health data can be used to promote conservation of King Eiders and other closely related species of concern.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1290","usgsCitation":"Scott, C.A., Mazet, J.A., and Powell, A.N., 2010, Health evaluation of western arctic King Eiders (Somateria spectabilis): Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 46, no. 4, p. 1290-1294, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1290.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1290","endPage":"1294","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012134","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1290","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575fd92de4b04f417c2baa25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Cheryl A.","contributorId":171768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazet, Jonna A.K.","contributorId":68444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazet","given":"Jonna","email":"","middleInitial":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, Abby N. 0000-0002-9783-134X abby_powell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-134X","contributorId":171426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70201981,"text":"70201981 - 2010 - Interpretation and analysis of planetary structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T11:29:24","indexId":"70201981","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T11:28:47","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation and analysis of planetary structures","docAbstract":"Structural geology is an integral part of planetary science. Planetary structures provide the framework for determining the character and sequence of crustal deformation while simultaneously establishing the observational basis required to test geodynamic hypotheses for the deformation of planetary and satellite lithospheres. The availability of datasets that record spatial and topographic information with a resolution that matches or, in many cases, exceeds, what is available for Earth-based studies permits the deformation of several planets and satellites to be investigated down to the local or outcrop scales. The geometry and kinematics of common planetary structures such as joints, igneous dikes, deformation bands, faults, and folds can be determined with confidence from their distinctive morphologic and topographic signatures, enabling the structural histories and deformation magnitudes to be determined. Segmentation, displacement profiles, relay ramps, footwall anticlines, displacement-controlled depocenters, and other well-known characteristics of terrestrial normal fault and graben systems reveal the sequence and processes of fault growth in numerous planetary examples. Systems of thrust faults having both blind and surface-breaking components are important elements on several bodies including Mercury, the Moon, and Mars. Strike-slip faults have been identified on bodies including Mars and Europa with oblique extension found on Ganymede. Using field-based studies of Earth-based structures as a guide, planetary structures provide a means to explore and evaluate the causative stresses. Despite the wide range in structural styles across the solar system, plate tectonics is recognized only on the Earth, with the other planets and satellites deforming in the absence of large-scale horizontal motions and attendant plate recycling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2009.09.005","usgsCitation":"Schultz, R.A., Hauber, E., Kattenhorn, S.A., Okubo, C.H., and Watters, T.R., 2010, Interpretation and analysis of planetary structures: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 32, no. 6, p. 855-875, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2009.09.005.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"855","endPage":"875","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360970,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars, Mercury, Moon","volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, Richard A.","contributorId":49869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hauber, Ernst","contributorId":212713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauber","given":"Ernst","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kattenhorn, Simon A.","contributorId":26951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kattenhorn","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, Chris H. 0000-0001-9776-8128 cokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8128","contributorId":140482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":756421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watters, Thomas R.","contributorId":212714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watters","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041286,"text":"70041286 - 2010 - Hydrothermal alteration of the Late Eocene Caetano ash-flow caldera, north-central Nevada: A field and ASTER remote sensing study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-14T16:25:50.06349","indexId":"70041286","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T11:06:15","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrothermal alteration of the Late Eocene Caetano ash-flow caldera, north-central Nevada: A field and ASTER remote sensing study","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping and analysis of ASTER remote sensing data were used to define the effects of a large hydrothermal system in the 12–18 by 22 km Caetano caldera. The caldera formed at ~33.8Ma during eruption of >1100km3 of the rhyolitic Caetano Tuff that left a 1 km deep basin which was partly filled by a lake. Magma resurgence resulted in shallow(<1 km) emplacement of the Redrock Canyon granite porphyry intrusion into caldera fill in the southwestern part of the caldera. Field and petrographic studies indicate that heat from the pluton or from deeper residual Caetano magma caused a large hydrothermal system to form that altered both the pluton and intracaldera Caetano Tuff throughout the western half of the caldera. ASTER-based mineral mapping shows that the most intense alteration, including local alunite, developed primarily along the southwestern and western caldera margins. Alteration was most intense in the Redrock Canyon intrusion itself and in the upper unit of the Caetano Tuff, which is a sequence of thin ash flows interlayered with finely bedded sedimentary rocks and mesobreccia. Hydrothermally altered intracaldera tuff was domed and crosscut by the unaltered 33.78 ± 0.05 Ma Carico Lake pluton, indicating that caldera formation, magma resurgence, pluton emplacement, and hydrothermal activity all occurred in less than about 100 ka.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Geological Society of Nevada 2010 symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geological Society of Nevada 2010 Symposium","conferenceDate":"May 14–22, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of Nevada","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., Rockwell, B.W., Henry, C., and Colgan, J.P., 2010, Hydrothermal alteration of the Late Eocene Caetano ash-flow caldera, north-central Nevada: A field and ASTER remote sensing study, in Proceedings of the Geological Society of Nevada 2010 symposium, Reno, NV, May 14–22, 2010, p. 1055-1083.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1083","ipdsId":"IP-021425","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Caetano caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.29827880859375,\n 39.90025505675715\n ],\n [\n -116.50726318359375,\n 39.90025505675715\n ],\n [\n -116.50726318359375,\n 40.29733393213022\n ],\n [\n -117.29827880859375,\n 40.29733393213022\n ],\n [\n -117.29827880859375,\n 39.90025505675715\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617 barnabyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":2195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby","email":"barnabyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":36556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207644,"text":"70207644 - 2010 - Microbial community shifts influence patterns in tropical forest nitrogen fixation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-02T10:37:19","indexId":"70207644","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T10:33:05","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial community shifts influence patterns in tropical forest nitrogen fixation","docAbstract":"The role of biodiversity in ecosystem function receives substantial attention, yet despite the diversity and functional relevance of microorganisms, relationships between microbial community structure and ecosystem processes remain largely unknown. We used tropical rain forest fertilization plots to directly compare the relative abundance, composition and diversity of free-living nitrogen (N)-fixer communities to in situ leaf litter N fixation rates. N fixation rates varied greatly within the landscape, and 'hotspots' of high N fixation activity were observed in both control and phosphorus (P)-fertilized plots. Compared with zones of average activity, the N fixation 'hotspots' in unfertilized plots were characterized by marked differences in N-fixer community composition and had substantially higher overall diversity. P additions increased the efficiency of N-fixer communities, resulting in elevated rates of fixation per nifH gene. Furthermore, P fertilization increased N fixation rates and N-fixer abundance, eliminated a highly novel group of N-fixers, and increased N-fixer diversity. Yet the relationships between diversity and function were not simple, and coupling rate measurements to indicators of community structure revealed a biological dynamism not apparent from process measurements alone. Taken together, these data suggest that the rain forest litter layer maintains high N fixation rates and unique N-fixing organisms and that, as observed in plant community ecology, structural shifts in N-fixing communities may partially explain significant differences in system-scale N fixation rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.1007/s00442-010-1649-6","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Reed, S., Townsend, A., Cleveland, C., and Nemergut, D., 2010, Microbial community shifts influence patterns in tropical forest nitrogen fixation: Oecologia, v. 164, no. 2, p. 521-531, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1649-6.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"521","endPage":"531","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":207498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Townsend, A.R.","contributorId":16631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleveland, C.C.","contributorId":62387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nemergut, D.R.","contributorId":68998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemergut","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98785,"text":"ofr20101194 - 2010 - USGS-NPS Servicewide Benthic Mapping Program (SBMP) workshop report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T15:21:27.24094","indexId":"ofr20101194","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1194","displayTitle":"USGS-NPS Servicewide Benthic Mapping Program (SBMP) Workshop Report","title":"USGS-NPS Servicewide Benthic Mapping Program (SBMP) workshop report","docAbstract":"The National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Program recently allocated funds to initiate a benthic mapping program in ocean and Great Lakes parks in alignment with the NPS Ocean Park Stewardship 2007-2008 Action Plan. Seventy-four (ocean and Great Lakes) parks, spanning more than 5,000 miles of coastline, many affected by increasing coastal storms and other natural and anthropogenic processes, make the development of a Servicewide Benthic Mapping Program (SBMP) timely. The resulting maps and associated reports will be provided to NPS managers in a consistent servicewide format to help park managers protect and manage the 3 million acres of submerged National Park System natural and cultural resources. Of the 74 ocean and Great Lakes park units, the 40 parks with submerged acreage will be the focus in the early years of the SBMP.
The NPS and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) convened a workshop (June 3-5, 2008) in Lakewood, CO. The assembly of experts from the NPS and other Federal and non-Federal agencies clarified the needs and goals of the NPS SBMP and was one of the key first steps in designing the benthic mapping program. The central needs for individual parks, park networks, and regions identified by workshop participants were maps including bathymetry, bottom type, geology, and biology. This workshop, although not an exhaustive survey of data-acquisition technologies, highlighted the more promising technologies being used, existing sources of data, and the need for partnerships to leverage resources. Workshop products include recommended classification schemes and management approaches for consistent application and products similar to other long-term NPS benthic mapping efforts. As part of the SBMP, recommendations from this workshop, including application of an improved version of the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS), will be tested in several pilot parks. In 2008, in conjunction with the findings of this workshop, the NPS funded benthic mapping projects in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Golden Gate National Recreational Area, Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Gulf Islands National Seashore, Virgin Islands National Park, and Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument. Full design and protocols of the SBMP based on the findings of this workshop are detailed in a second document dedicated to the subject.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101194","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Moses, C.S., Nayagandhi, A., Brock, J., and Beavers, R., 2010, USGS-NPS Servicewide Benthic Mapping Program (SBMP) workshop report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1194, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101194.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384764,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1194/ofr20101194.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1194"},{"id":126100,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1194/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":14195,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1194/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
The knowledge of a camera’s interior orientation parameters are a prerequisite for the camera to be used in any precision photogrammetric project. Historically, the interior orientation parameters have been determined by analyzing the measured ground 3D coordinates of photo-identifiable targets, and their 2D (image) coordinates from multiple images of these targets. Camera self calibration, on the other hand, uses targets on a scene that have not been measured before. In this research, we will briefly discuss existing self calibration techniques, and present two methods for camera self calibration that are being used at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Data Center. The first method, developed by Pictometry (augmented by Dr C.S. Fraser), uses a series of coded targets on a cage. The coded targets form different patterns that are imaged from nine different locations with differing camera orientations. A free network solution using collinearity equations is used to determine the calibration parameters. The coded targets are placed on the cage in three different planes, which allows for a robust calibration procedure. The USGS/EROS has developed an inexpensive method for calibration, particularly for calibrating short focal length cameras. In this case, the coded targets are pasted on a small prototype box and imaged from different locations and camera orientations. The design of the box is discussed, and the results of the box and the cage calibrations are compared and analyzed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"ISPRS technical commission VII symposium 100 Years ISPRS advancing remote sensing science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ISPRS Technical Commission VII Symposium 100 Years ISPRS Advancing Remote Sensing Science","conferenceDate":"July 5-7, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Vienna, Austria","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Moe, D., Sampath, A., Christopherson, J., and Benson, M., 2010, Self calibration of small and medium format digital cameras, in ISPRS technical commission VII symposium 100 Years ISPRS advancing remote sensing science, v. XXXVIII, no. 7B, Vienna, Austria, July 5-7, 2010, p. 395-400.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"400","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":431007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/Xxxviii/part7/b/default.aspx","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"XXXVIII","issue":"7B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moe, Donald dmoe@usgs.gov","contributorId":3761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moe","given":"Donald","email":"dmoe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":906338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sampath, Aparajithan 0000-0002-6922-4913 asampath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6922-4913","contributorId":3622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampath","given":"Aparajithan","email":"asampath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":54490,"text":"KBR, Inc., under contract to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":906339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christopherson, Jon 0000-0002-2472-0059 jonchris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2472-0059","contributorId":2552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopherson","given":"Jon","email":"jonchris@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":906340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benson, Mike","contributorId":340139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benson","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":906341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70231017,"text":"70231017 - 2010 - Performance of map symbol and label design with format and display resolution options through scale for the national map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-02T10:54:58.944592","indexId":"70231017","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T08:59:08","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Performance of map symbol and label design with format and display resolution options through scale for the national map","docAbstract":"Symbol and label design for U.S. topographic mapping using data from The National Map has been progressing, partly in support of research by Buttenfield and Stanislawski on hydrographic generalization, and is sponsored by CEGIS, the USGS Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science. The work also seeks to make the best use of GIS for map design that requires no hand-work to make custom adjustments for readable displays. Users of electronic topographic map products may use U.S. topographic maps in multiple media, so the robustness of the designs will be tested across varied landscape regimes and through scale. Maps from hydrographic subbasins in Missouri, West Virginia, Florida-Georgia, Colorado, Utah, Texas, and urban areas of Saint Louis, and Atlanta are evaluated at six scales from 1:24,000 to 1:1,000,000. Map segments for the evaluation are selected to cover a wide sampling of symbol combinations and labeling challenges. Maps are examined on-screen in ArcGIS (MXD) and as a PDF export on-screen. Onscreen views are examined at 96 ppi, common for Windows desktop computer screens, and 130 ppi, representing the higher resolution that laptop computer screens offer. The goal of the work is to systematically refine the map symbols and labels so the resulting map performs well in all of these forms through all scales.
","conferenceTitle":"A special joint symposium of ISPRS Technical Commission IV & AutoCarto in conjunction with ASPRS/CaGIS 2010 Fall Specialty Conference","conferenceDate":"November 15-19, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, and Cartography and Geographic Information Society","usgsCitation":"Brewer, C., Hanchett, C.L., Butterfield, B.P., and Usery, E.L., 2010, Performance of map symbol and label design with format and display resolution options through scale for the national map, A special joint symposium of ISPRS Technical Commission IV & AutoCarto in conjunction with ASPRS/CaGIS 2010 Fall Specialty Conference, Orlando, FL, November 15-19, 2010, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":399890,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cartogis.org/autocarto/autocarto-2010/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewer, C. A.","contributorId":167599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brewer","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[{"id":24771,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanchett, C. L.","contributorId":290863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanchett","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butterfield, B. P.","contributorId":49071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192423,"text":"70192423 - 2010 - GAGES: A stream gage database for evaluating natural and alteredflow conditions in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T12:12:51","indexId":"70192423","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GAGES: A stream gage database for evaluating natural and alteredflow conditions in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Stream flow is a controlling element in the ecology of rivers and streams. Knowledge of the natural flow regime facilitates the assessment of whether specific hydrologic attributes have been altered by humans in a particular stream and the establishment of specific goals for stream-flow restoration. Because most streams are ungaged or have been altered by human influences, characterizing the natural flow regime is often only possible by estimating flow characteristics based on nearby stream gages of reference quality, i.e., gaged locations that are least disturbed by human influences. The ability to evaluate natural stream flow, that which is not altered by human activities, would be enhanced by the existence of a nationally consistent and up-to-date database of gages in relatively undisturbed watersheds.\nAs part of a national effort to characterize stream-flow effects on ecological condition, data for 6785 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gages and their upstream watersheds were compiled. The sites comprise all USGS stream gages in the conterminous United States with at least 20 years of complete-year flow record from 1950–2007, and for which watershed boundaries could reliably be delineated (median size ¼ 578 km2). Several hundred watershed and site characteristics were calculated or compiled from national data sources, including environmental features (e.g., climate, geology, soils, topography) and anthropogenic influences (e.g., land use, roads, presence of dams, or canals).\nIn addition, watersheds were assessed for their reference quality within nine broad regions for use in studies intended to characterize stream flows under conditions minimally influenced by human activities. Three primary criteria were used to assess reference quality: (1) a quantitative index of anthropogenic modification within the watershed based on GIS-derived variables, (2) visual inspection of every stream gage and drainage basin from recent high-resolution imagery and topographic maps, and (3) information about man-made influences from USGS Annual Water Data Reports. From the set of 6785 sites, we identified 1512 as reference-quality stream gages. All data derived for these watersheds as well as the reference condition evaluation are provided as an online data set termed GAGES (geospatial attributes of gages for evaluating stream flow).","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/09-0889.1","usgsCitation":"Falcone, J.A., Carlisle, D.M., Wolock, D.M., and Meador, M., 2010, GAGES: A stream gage database for evaluating natural and alteredflow conditions in the conterminous United States: Ecology, v. 91, no. 2, p. 621-621, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0889.1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"621","ipdsId":"IP-010360","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0889.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"91","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610a96e4b06e28e9c256b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falcone, James A. 0000-0001-7202-3592 jfalcone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7202-3592","contributorId":173496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"James","email":"jfalcone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":715776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meador, Michael R. mrmeador@usgs.gov","contributorId":615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael R.","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98975,"text":"sir20105198 - 2010 - Streamflow gain-loss characteristics of Elkhead Creek downstream from Elkhead Reservoir near Craig, Colorado, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"sir20105198","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5198","title":"Streamflow gain-loss characteristics of Elkhead Creek downstream from Elkhead Reservoir near Craig, Colorado, 2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board, the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program (UCREFRP), Colorado Division of Water Resources, and City of Craig studied the gain-loss characteristics of Elkhead Creek downstream from Elkhead Reservoir to the confluence with the Yampa River during August through October 2009. Earlier qualitative interpretation of streamflow data downstream from the reservoir indicated that there could be a transit loss of nearly 10 percent. This potential loss could be a significant portion of the releases from Elkhead Reservoir requested by UCREFRP during late summer and early fall for improving critical habitat for endangered fish downstream in the Yampa River. Information on the gain-loss characteristics was needed for the effective management of the reservoir releases.\r\n\r\nIn order to determine streamflow gain-loss characteristics for Elkhead Creek, eight measurement sets were made at four strategic instream sites and at one diversion from August to early October 2009. An additional measurement set was made after the study period during low-flow conditions in November 2009. Streamflow measurements were made using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter to provide high accuracy and consistency, especially at low flows. During this study, streamflow ranged from about 5 cubic feet per second up to more than 90 cubic feet per second with step increments in between. Measurements were made at least 24 hours after a change in reservoir release (streamflow) during steady-state conditions.\r\n\r\nThe instantaneous streamflow measurements and the streamflow volume comparisons show the reach of Elkhead Creek immediately downstream from Elkhead Reservoir to the streamflow-gaging station 09246500, Elkhead Creek near Craig, CO, is neither a gaining nor losing reach. The instantaneous measurements immediately downstream from the dam and the combined measurements of Norvell ditch plus streamflow-gaging station 09246500 are mostly within the plus or minus 5-percent measurement error of each other. The variability of data is such that sometimes the streamflow is greater upstream than downstream and sometimes the streamflow is greater downstream than upstream. Streamflow volumes were calculated for multiple time periods as determined by a change in release from the reservoir. Streamflow volumes were greater downstream than upstream for all but one time period. The predominance of greater streamflows downstream is due to the difference between the USGS instantaneous measurements and record computation with the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) record at the dam. Immediately following an increase in streamflow from the reservoir, the downstream volume was smaller than the upstream volume, but this was an artifact of the traveltime between the two sites and possibly small amounts of water entering the streambank. Traveltimes were shorter at higher streamflows and when streamflow was increasing.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program, Colorado Division of Water Resources, and City of Craig\r\n","usgsCitation":"Ruddy, B.C., 2010, Streamflow gain-loss characteristics of Elkhead Creek downstream from Elkhead Reservoir near Craig, Colorado, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5198, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105198.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5198.bmp"},{"id":14408,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.43416666666667,40.516666666666666 ], [ -107.43416666666667,40.56666666666667 ], [ -107.36749999999999,40.56666666666667 ], [ -107.36749999999999,40.516666666666666 ], [ -107.43416666666667,40.516666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4ddb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruddy, Barbara C. bcruddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruddy","given":"Barbara","email":"bcruddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98976,"text":"ds541 - 2010 - Recently active traces of the Bartlett Springs Fault, California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-27T19:06:19.27653","indexId":"ds541","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"541","title":"Recently active traces of the Bartlett Springs Fault, California: A digital database","docAbstract":"The purpose of this map is to show the location of and evidence for recent movement on active fault traces within the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone, California. The location and recency of the mapped traces is primarily based on geomorphic expression of the fault as interpreted from large-scale aerial photography. In a few places, evidence of fault creep and offset Holocene strata in trenches and natural exposures have confirmed the activity of some of these traces.\r\nThis publication is formatted both as a digital database for use within a geographic information system (GIS) and for broader public access as map images that may be browsed on-line or download a summary map. The report text describes the types of scientific observations used to make the map, gives references pertaining to the fault and the evidence of faulting, and provides guidance for use of and limitations of the map.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds541","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., 2010, Recently active traces of the Bartlett Springs Fault, California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 541, 1 Plate: 11.00 x 8.50 inches; Digital Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds541.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 11.00 x 8.50 inches; Digital Database","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_541.bmp"},{"id":408815,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94722.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14409,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/541/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Bartlett Springs Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.5292,\n 39.5753\n ],\n [\n -123.5292,\n 40.0853\n ],\n [\n -123.0358,\n 40.0853\n ],\n [\n -123.0358,\n 39.5753\n ],\n [\n -123.5292,\n 39.5753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70189959,"text":"70189959 - 2010 - Mechanics and modeling of flow, sediment transport and morphologic change in riverine lateral separation zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T11:05:33","indexId":"70189959","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mechanics and modeling of flow, sediment transport and morphologic change in riverine lateral separation zones","docAbstract":"Lateral separation zones or eddies in rivers are critically important features for sediment storage and for a variety of roles they play in riparian and aquatic ecology. As part of a larger effort to predict the morphology of lateral separation zones in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon for a selection of sediment supply and discharge scenarios, we evaluated the performance of two modeling techniques for predicting flow, sediment transport, and morphodynamics in eddies using field data. In order to understand the relative roles of various exchange mechanisms between the main channel and eddies, we applied two-dimensional unsteady and three-dimensional unsteady models in a reach containing a lateral separation zone. Both models were developed, calibrated, and evaluated using detailed field data comprising acoustic-Doppler velocity measurements, water-surface elevations, sediment concentration by size class, and bathymetry measured during a flood event in the Colorado River. Model results and measurements are used to develop a better understanding of the mechanics of water and sediment exchange between the eddy and the mainstem and other factors that control the morphology of the reach.
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