An analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection previously developed for the determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) has been adapted to allow the determination of As(III), As(V), Se(IV), Se(VI), Cr(III), and Cr(VI) under the same chromatographic conditions. Using this method, all six inorganic species can be determined in less than 3 min. A dynamic reaction cell (DRC)–ICP-MS system was used to detect the species eluted from the chromatographic column in order to reduce interferences. A variety of reaction cell gases and conditions may be utilized with the DRC–ICP-MS, and final selection of conditions is determined by data quality objectives. Results indicated all starting standards, reagents, and sample vials should be thoroughly tested for contamination. Tests on species stability indicated that refrigeration at 10 °C was preferential to freezing for most species, particularly when all species were present, and that sample solutions and extracts should be analyzed as soon as possible to eliminate species instability and interconversion effects. A variety of environmental and geological samples, including waters and deionized water [leachates] and simulated biological leachates from soils and wildfire ashes have been analyzed using this method. Analytical spikes performed on each sample were used to evaluate data quality. Speciation analyses were conducted on deionized water leachates and simulated lung fluid leachates of ash and soils impacted by wildfires. These results show that, for leachates containing high levels of total Cr, the majority of the chromium was present in the hexavalent Cr(VI) form. In general, total and hexavalent chromium levels for samples taken from burned residential areas were higher than those obtained from non-residential forested areas. Arsenic, when found, was generally in the more oxidized As(V) form. Selenium (IV) and (VI) were present, but typically at low levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00216-011-5275-x","issn":"16182642","usgsCitation":"Wolf, R., Morman, S., Hageman, P., Hoefen, T., and Plumlee, G., 2011, Simultaneous speciation of arsenic, selenium, and chromium: Species stability, sample preservation, and analysis of ash and soil leachates: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, v. 401, no. 9, p. 2733-2745, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5275-x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2733","endPage":"2745","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"401","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90d6e4b08c986b31969e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, R.E.","contributorId":11827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morman, S.A.","contributorId":74982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hageman, P. L. 0000-0002-3440-2150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-2150","contributorId":27459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoefen, T.M. 0000-0002-3083-5987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":18143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Plumlee, G.S.","contributorId":80698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034643,"text":"70034643 - 2011 - Fine-scale spatio-temporal variation in tiger Panthera tigris diet: Effect of study duration and extent on estimates of tiger diet in Chitwan National Park, Nepal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T16:59:22.310191","indexId":"70034643","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3766,"text":"Wildlife Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine-scale spatio-temporal variation in tiger Panthera tigris diet: Effect of study duration and extent on estimates of tiger diet in Chitwan National Park, Nepal","docAbstract":"Attempts to conserve declining tiger Panthera tigris populations and distributions have experienced limited success. The poaching of tiger prey is a key threat to tiger persistence; a clear understanding of tiger diet is a prerequisite to conserve dwindling populations. We used unpublished data on tiger diet in combination with two previously published studies to examine fine-scale spatio-temporal changes in tiger diet relative to prey abundance in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, and aggregated data from the three studies to examine the effect that study duration and the size of the study area have on estimates of tiger diet. Our results correspond with those of previous studies: in all three studies, tiger diet was dominated by members of Cervidae; small to medium-sized prey was important in one study. Tiger diet was unrelated to prey abundance, and the aggregation of studies indicates that increasing study duration and study area size both result in increased dietary diversity in terms of prey categories consumed, and increasing study duration changed which prey species contributed most to tiger diet. Based on our results, we suggest that managers focus their efforts on minimizing the poaching of all tiger prey, and that future studies of tiger diet be of long duration and large spatial extent to improve our understanding of spatio-temporal variation in estimates of tiger diet.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2981/10-127","issn":"09096396","usgsCitation":"Kapfer, P.M., Streby, H.M., Gurung, B., Simcharoen, A., McDougal, C., and Smith, J., 2011, Fine-scale spatio-temporal variation in tiger Panthera tigris diet: Effect of study duration and extent on estimates of tiger diet in Chitwan National Park, Nepal: Wildlife Biology, v. 17, no. 3, p. 277-285, https://doi.org/10.2981/10-127.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"285","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215865,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2981/10-127"}],"country":"Nepal","otherGeospatial":"Chitwan National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 83.88473510742186,\n 27.436384043710643\n ],\n [\n 84.0179443359375,\n 27.447352944393767\n ],\n [\n 84.1058349609375,\n 27.51314343580719\n ],\n [\n 84.1387939453125,\n 27.499744856370658\n ],\n [\n 84.29122924804688,\n 27.38030375235113\n ],\n [\n 84.62905883789062,\n 27.333955100147545\n ],\n [\n 84.7430419921875,\n 27.35347268647926\n ],\n [\n 84.78149414062499,\n 27.510707451811573\n ],\n [\n 84.583740234375,\n 27.684744163600723\n ],\n [\n 84.42306518554688,\n 27.77591152683427\n ],\n [\n 84.0234375,\n 27.756468889550746\n ],\n [\n 83.8311767578125,\n 27.610538528074823\n ],\n [\n 83.88473510742186,\n 27.436384043710643\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1027e4b0c8380cd53b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kapfer, Paul M.","contributorId":11437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapfer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Streby, Henry M.","contributorId":11024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streby","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":446836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gurung, B.","contributorId":68981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurung","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simcharoen, A.","contributorId":9492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simcharoen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDougal, C.C.","contributorId":96278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, J.L.D.","contributorId":18480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034632,"text":"70034632 - 2011 - A natural experiment on the condition-dependence of achromatic plumage reflectance in black-capped chickadees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T15:10:35","indexId":"70034632","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A natural experiment on the condition-dependence of achromatic plumage reflectance in black-capped chickadees","docAbstract":"Honest advertisement models posit that only individuals in good health can produce and/or maintain ornamental traits. Even though disease has profound effects on condition, few studies have experimentally tested its effects on trait expression and even fewer have identified a mechanistic basis for these effects. Recent evidence suggests that black and white, but not grey, plumage colors of black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) are sexually selected. We therefore hypothesized that birds afflicted with avian keratin disorder, a condition that affects the beak and other keratinized tissues, would show reduced expression of black and white, but not grey, color. UV-vis spectrometry of black-capped chickadees affected and unaffected by avian keratin disorder revealed spectral differences between them consistent with this hypothesis. To elucidate the mechanistic bases of these differences, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and a feather cleaning experiment. SEM showed extreme feather soiling in affected birds, and EDX revealed that this was most likely from external sources. Experimentally cleaning the feathers increased color expression of ornamental feathers of affected, but not unaffected, birds. These data provide strong evidence that black and white color is an honest indicator in chickadees, and that variation in feather dirtiness, likely due to differences in preening behavior is a mechanism for this association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0025877","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"D'Alba, L., Van Hemert, C.R., Handel, C.M., and Shawkey, M., 2011, A natural experiment on the condition-dependence of achromatic plumage reflectance in black-capped chickadees: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 10, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025877.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475404,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025877","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215692,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025877"}],"volume":"6","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e494e4b0c8380cd4673b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D'Alba, L.","contributorId":9079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D'Alba","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shawkey, M.D.","contributorId":97731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shawkey","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034630,"text":"70034630 - 2011 - Sediment dynamics and the burial and exhumation of bedrock reefs along an emergent coastline as elucidated by repetitive sonar surveys: Northern Monterey Bay, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-28T08:16:21","indexId":"70034630","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment dynamics and the burial and exhumation of bedrock reefs along an emergent coastline as elucidated by repetitive sonar surveys: Northern Monterey Bay, CA","docAbstract":"Two high-resolution bathymetric and acoustic backscatter sonar surveys were conducted along the energetic emergent inner shelf of northern Monterey Bay, CA, USA, in the fall of 2005 and the spring of 2006 to determine the impact of winter storm waves, beach erosion, and river floods on biologically-important siliclastic bedrock reef habitats. The surveys extended from water depths of 4 m to 22 m and covered an area of 3.14 km2, 45.8% of which was bedrock, gravel, and coarse-grained sand and 54.2% was fine-grained sand. Our analyses of the bathymetric and acoustic backscatter data demonstrates that during the 6 months between surveys, 11.4% of the study area was buried by fine-grained sand while erosion resulted in the exposure of bedrock or coarse-grained sand over 26.5% of the study area. The probability of burial decreased with increasing water depth and rugosity; the probability of exhumation increased with increasing wave-induced near-bed shear stress, seabed slope and rugosity. Much of the detected change was at the boundary between bedrock and unconsolidated sediment due to sedimentation and erosion burying or exhuming bedrock, respectively. In a number of cases, however, the change in seabed character was apparently due to changes in sediment grain size when scour exposed what appeared to be an underlying coarser-grained lag or the burial of coarser-grained sand and gravel by fine-grained sand. These findings suggest that, in some places, (a) burial and exhumation of nearshore bedrock reefs along rocky, energetic inner shelves occurs over seasonal timescales and appears related to intrinsic factors such as seabed morphology and extrinsic factors such as wave forces, and (b) single acoustic surveys typically employed for geologic characterization and/or habitat mapping may not adequately characterize the geomorphologic and sedimentologic nature of these types of environments that typify most of the Pacific Ocean and up to 50% of the world's coastlines.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2011.09.010","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Fregoso, T., Golden, N., and Finlayson, D., 2011, Sediment dynamics and the burial and exhumation of bedrock reefs along an emergent coastline as elucidated by repetitive sonar surveys: Northern Monterey Bay, CA: Marine Geology, v. 289, no. 1-4, p. 46-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.09.010.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"59","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215660,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.09.010"},{"id":243479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.145,36.629 ], [ -122.145,36.941 ], [ -121.828,36.941 ], [ -121.828,36.629 ], [ -122.145,36.629 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"289","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8988e4b08c986b316e10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fregoso, T.A.","contributorId":89371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fregoso","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golden, N.E.","contributorId":85426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finlayson, D.P.","contributorId":104301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034626,"text":"70034626 - 2011 - Habitat use and movement of the endangered Arroyo Toad (Anaxyrus californicus) in coastal southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T19:41:27.823515","indexId":"70034626","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use and movement of the endangered Arroyo Toad (Anaxyrus californicus) in coastal southern California","docAbstract":"Information on the habitat use and movement patterns of Arroyo Toads (Anaxyrus californicus) is limited. The temporal and spatial characteristics of terrestrial habitat use, especially as it relates to upland use in coastal areas of the species' range, are poorly understood. We present analyses of radiotelemetry data from 40 individual adult toads tracked at a single site in coastal southern California from March through November of 2004. We quantify adult Arroyo Toad habitat use and movements and interpret results in the context of their life history. We show concentrated activity by both male and female toads along stream terraces during and after breeding, and, although our fall sample size is low, the continued presence of adult toads in the floodplain through the late fall. Adult toads used open sandy flats with sparse vegetation. Home-range size and movement frequency varied as a function of body mass. Observed spatial patterns of movement and habitat use both during and outside of the breeding period as well as available climatological data suggest that overwintering of toads in floodplain habitats of near-coastal areas of southern California may be more common than previously considered. If adult toads are not migrating out of the floodplain at the close of the breeding season but instead overwinter on stream terraces in near-coastal areas, then current management practices that assume toad absence from floodplain habitats may be leaving adult toads over-wintering on stream terraces vulnerable to human disturbance during a time of year when Arroyo Toad mortality is potentially highest.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1670/10-160.1","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Mitrovich, M., Gallegos, E., Lyren, L., Lovich, R., and Fisher, R., 2011, Habitat use and movement of the endangered Arroyo Toad (Anaxyrus californicus) in coastal southern California: Journal of Herpetology, v. 45, no. 3, p. 319-328, https://doi.org/10.1670/10-160.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"328","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215627,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/10-160.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Califorina","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.74572753906249,\n 32.63012300670739\n ],\n [\n -116.103515625,\n 32.667124733120325\n ],\n [\n -117.3504638671875,\n 34.00258128543371\n ],\n [\n -120.11352539062499,\n 35.092945313732635\n ],\n [\n -120.2783203125,\n 34.42956713470528\n ],\n [\n -118.74572753906249,\n 32.63012300670739\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f33e4b0c8380cd5cb98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitrovich, M.J.","contributorId":43166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitrovich","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallegos, E.A.","contributorId":100634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyren, L.M.","contributorId":11983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyren","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lovich, R.E.","contributorId":98251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034625,"text":"70034625 - 2011 - Late-Holocene climate evolution at the WAIS Divide site, West Antarctica: Bubble number-density estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-11T12:54:47.319828","indexId":"70034625","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late-Holocene climate evolution at the WAIS Divide site, West Antarctica: Bubble number-density estimates","docAbstract":"A surface cooling of ∼1.7°C occurred over the ∼two millennia prior to ∼1700 CE at the West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS) Divide site, based on trends in observed bubble number-density of samples from the WDC06A ice core, and on an independently constructed accumulation-rate history using annual-layer dating corrected for density variations and thinning from ice flow. Density increase and grain growth in polar firn are both controlled by temperature and accumulation rate, and the integrated effects are recorded in the number-density of bubbles as the firn changes to ice. Number-density is conserved in bubbly ice following pore close-off, allowing reconstruction of either paleotemperature or paleo-accumulation rate if the other is known. A quantitative late-Holocene paleoclimate reconstruction is presented for West Antarctica using data obtained from the WAIS Divide WDC06A ice core and a steady-state bubble number-density model. The resultant temperature history agrees closely with independent reconstructions based on stable-isotopic ratios of ice. The ∼1.7°C cooling trend observed is consistent with a decrease in Antarctic summer duration from changing orbital obliquity, although it remains possible that elevation change at the site contributed part of the signal. Accumulation rate and temperature dropped together, broadly consistent with control by saturation vapor pressure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/002214311797409677","issn":"00221430","usgsCitation":"Fegyveresi, J., Alley, R.B., Spencer, M.K., Fitzpatrick, J.J., Steig, E., White, J., McConnell, J., and Taylor, K., 2011, Late-Holocene climate evolution at the WAIS Divide site, West Antarctica: Bubble number-density estimates: Journal of Glaciology, v. 57, no. 204, p. 629-638, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311797409677.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"638","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475264,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311797409677","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"204","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4563e4b0c8380cd6728c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fegyveresi, John M.","contributorId":40822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fegyveresi","given":"John M.","affiliations":[{"id":13035,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":446739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alley, R. B.","contributorId":49533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spencer, M. K.","contributorId":79687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J. J.","contributorId":95078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steig, E.J.","contributorId":100556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steig","given":"E.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, J.W.C.","contributorId":43124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"J.W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McConnell, J.R.","contributorId":70203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Taylor, K.C.","contributorId":10470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034619,"text":"70034619 - 2011 - Estimating water supply arsenic levels in the New England bladder cancer study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T21:03:52.593427","indexId":"70034619","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating water supply arsenic levels in the New England bladder cancer study","docAbstract":"Background: Ingestion of inorganic arsenic in drinking water is recognized as a cause of bladder cancer when levels are relatively high (≥ 150 µg/L). The epidemiologic evidence is less clear at the low-to-moderate concentrations typically observed in the United States. Accurate retrospective exposure assessment over a long time period is a major challenge in conducting epidemiologic studies of environmental factors and diseases with long latency, such as cancer.
Objective: We estimated arsenic concentrations in the water supplies of 2,611 participants in a population-based case–control study in northern New England.
Methods: Estimates covered the lifetimes of most study participants and were based on a combination of arsenic measurements at the homes of the participants and statistical modeling of arsenic concentrations in the water supply of both past and current homes. We assigned a residential water supply arsenic concentration for 165,138 (95%) of the total 173,361 lifetime exposure years (EYs) and a workplace water supply arsenic level for 85,195 EYs (86% of reported occupational years).
Results: Three methods accounted for 93% of the residential estimates of arsenic concentration: direct measurement of water samples (27%; median, 0.3 µg/L; range, 0.1–11.5), statistical models of water utility measurement data (49%; median, 0.4 µg/L; range, 0.3–3.3), and statistical models of arsenic concentrations in wells using aquifers in New England (17%; median, 1.6 µg/L; range, 0.6–22.4).
Conclusions: We used a different validation procedure for each of the three methods, and found our estimated levels to be comparable with available measured concentrations. This methodology allowed us to calculate potential drinking water exposure over long periods.
Responses of hydrological processes to climate change are key components in the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) assessment. Understanding these responses is critical for developing appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies for sustainable water resources management and protection of public safety. However, these responses are not well understood and little long‐term evidence exists. Herein, we show how climate change, specifically increased air temperature and storm intensity, can affect soil moisture dynamics and hydrological variables based on both long‐term observation and model simulations using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in an intact forested watershed (the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve) in Southern China. Our results show that, although total annual precipitation changed little from 1950 to 2009, soil moisture decreased significantly. A significant decline was also found in the monthly 7‐day low flow from 2000 to 2009. However, the maximum daily streamflow in the wet season and unconfined groundwater tables have significantly increased during the same 10‐year period. The significant decreasing trends on soil moisture and low flow variables suggest that the study watershed is moving towards drought‐like condition. Our analysis indicates that the intensification of rainfall storms and the increasing number of annual no‐rain days were responsible for the increasing chance of both droughts and floods. We conclude that climate change has indeed induced more extreme hydrological events (e.g. droughts and floods) in this watershed and perhaps other areas of Southern China. This study also demonstrated usefulness of our research methodology and its possible applications on quantifying the impacts of climate change on hydrology in any other watersheds where long‐term data are available and human disturbance is negligible.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Zhou, G., Wei, X., Wu, Y., Huang, Y., Yan, J., Zhang, D., Zhang, Q., Liu, J., Meng, Z., Wang, C., Chu, G., Liu, S., Tang, X., and Liu, X., 2011, Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in Southern China: Global Change Biology, v. 17, no. 12, p. 3736-3746, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3736","endPage":"3746","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216858,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x"}],"volume":"17","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91e7e4b0c8380cd8052b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, G.","contributorId":12604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wei, X.","contributorId":50636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wu, Y.","contributorId":79312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huang, Y.","contributorId":62000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yan, J.","contributorId":24480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhang, Dongxiao","contributorId":26409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Dongxiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, Q.","contributorId":84163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meng, Z.","contributorId":54818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meng","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wang, C.","contributorId":50689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Chu, G.","contributorId":87001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tang, X.","contributorId":43082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Liu, Xiuying","contributorId":76529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Xiuying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70034448,"text":"70034448 - 2011 - Integration of Palmer Drought Severity Index and remote sensing data to simulate wetland water surface from 1910 to 2009 in Cottonwood Lake area, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:53:22","indexId":"70034448","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of Palmer Drought Severity Index and remote sensing data to simulate wetland water surface from 1910 to 2009 in Cottonwood Lake area, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Spatiotemporal variations of wetland water in the Prairie Pothole Region are controlled by many factors; two of them are temperature and precipitation that form the basis of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Taking the 196 km2 Cottonwood Lake area in North Dakota as our pilot study site, we integrated PDSI, Landsat images, and aerial photography records to simulate monthly water surface. First, we developed a new Wetland Water Area Index (WWAI) from PDSI to predict water surface area. Second, we developed a water allocation model to simulate the spatial distribution of water bodies at a resolution of 30 m. Third, we used an additional procedure to model the small wetlands (less than 0.8 ha) that could not be detected by Landsat. Our results showed that i) WWAI was highly correlated with water area with an R2 of 0.90, resulting in a simple regression prediction of monthly water area to capture the intra- and inter-annual water change from 1910 to 2009; ii) the spatial distribution of water bodies modeled from our approach agreed well with the water locations visually identified from the aerial photography records; and iii) the R2 between our modeled water bodies (including both large and small wetlands) and those from aerial photography records could be up to 0.83 with a mean average error of 0.64 km2 within the study area where the modeled wetland water areas ranged from about 2 to 14 km2. These results indicate that our approach holds great potential to simulate major changes in wetland water surface for ecosystem service; however, our products could capture neither the short-term water change caused by intensive rainstorm events nor the wetland change caused by human activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.002","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Huang, S., Dahal, D., Young, C., Chander, G., and Liu, S., 2011, Integration of Palmer Drought Severity Index and remote sensing data to simulate wetland water surface from 1910 to 2009 in Cottonwood Lake area, North Dakota: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 115, no. 12, p. 3377-3389, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3377","endPage":"3389","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216832,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.002"},{"id":244727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.05,45.9351 ], [ -104.05,49.0007 ], [ -96.5545,49.0007 ], [ -96.5545,45.9351 ], [ -104.05,45.9351 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c88e4b0c8380cd62dff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, Shengli shuang@usgs.gov","contributorId":1926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Shengli","email":"shuang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":445835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dahal, Devendra 0000-0001-9594-1249 ddahal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-1249","contributorId":5622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahal","given":"Devendra","email":"ddahal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Claudia 0000-0002-0859-7206 claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7206","contributorId":191382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Claudia","email":"claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":445837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034440,"text":"70034440 - 2011 - A working environment for digital planetary data processing and mapping using ISIS and GRASS GIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70034440","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A working environment for digital planetary data processing and mapping using ISIS and GRASS GIS","docAbstract":"Since the beginning of planetary exploration, mapping has been fundamental to summarize observations returned by scientific missions. Sensor-based mapping has been used to highlight specific features from the planetary surfaces by means of processing. Interpretative mapping makes use of instrumental observations to produce thematic maps that summarize observations of actual data into a specific theme. Geologic maps, for example, are thematic interpretative maps that focus on the representation of materials and processes and their relative timing. The advancements in technology of the last 30 years have allowed us to develop specialized systems where the mapping process can be made entirely in the digital domain. The spread of networked computers on a global scale allowed the rapid propagation of software and digital data such that every researcher can now access digital mapping facilities on his desktop. The efforts to maintain planetary missions data accessible to the scientific community have led to the creation of standardized digital archives that facilitate the access to different datasets by software capable of processing these data from the raw level to the map projected one. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been developed to optimize the storage, the analysis, and the retrieval of spatially referenced Earth based environmental geodata; since the last decade these computer programs have become popular among the planetary science community, and recent mission data start to be distributed in formats compatible with these systems. Among all the systems developed for the analysis of planetary and spatially referenced data, we have created a working environment combining two software suites that have similar characteristics in their modular design, their development history, their policy of distribution and their support system. The first, the Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS) developed by the United States Geological Survey, represents the state of the art for processing planetary remote sensing data, from the raw unprocessed state to the map projected product. The second, the Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) is a Geographic Information System developed by an international team of developers, and one of the core projects promoted by the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo). We have worked on enabling the combined use of these software systems throughout the set-up of a common user interface, the unification of the cartographic reference system nomenclature and the minimization of data conversion. Both software packages are distributed with free open source licenses, as well as the source code, scripts and configuration files hereafter presented. In this paper we describe our work done to merge these working environments into a common one, where the user benefits from functionalities of both systems without the need to switch or transfer data from one software suite to the other one. Thereafter we provide an example of its usage in the handling of planetary data and the crafting of a digital geologic map. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2010.12.008","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Frigeri, A., Hare, T., Neteler, M., Coradini, A., Federico, C., and Orosei, R., 2011, A working environment for digital planetary data processing and mapping using ISIS and GRASS GIS, in Planetary and Space Science, v. 59, no. 11-12, p. 1265-1272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2010.12.008.","startPage":"1265","endPage":"1272","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216680,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2010.12.008"},{"id":244565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e620e4b0c8380cd47199","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frigeri, A.","contributorId":85799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frigeri","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hare, T.","contributorId":34503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neteler, M.","contributorId":37989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neteler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Federico, C.","contributorId":42460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Federico","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orosei, R.","contributorId":28347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orosei","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193109,"text":"70193109 - 2011 - Ground motion attenuation during M 7.1 Darfield and M 6.2 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes and performance of global predictive models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-02T10:11:02","indexId":"70193109","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground motion attenuation during M 7.1 Darfield and M 6.2 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes and performance of global predictive models","docAbstract":"The M 7.1 Darfield earthquake occurred 40 km west of Christchurch (New Zealand) on 4 September 2010. Six months after, the city was struck again with an M 6.2 event on 22 February local time (21 February UTC). These events resulted in significant damage to infrastructure in the city and its suburbs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of global predictive models (GMPEs) using the strong motion data obtained from these two events to improve future seismic hazard assessment and building code provisions for the Canterbury region.
The Canterbury region is located on the boundary between the Pacific and Australian plates; its surface expression is the active right lateral Alpine fault (Berryman et al. 1993). Beneath the North Island and the north South Island, the Pacific plate subducts obliquely under the Australian plate, while at the southwestern part of the South Island, a reverse process takes place. Although New Zealand has experienced several major earthquakes in the past as a result of its complex seismotectonic environment (e.g., M 7.1 1888 North Canterbury, M 7.0 1929 Arthur's Pass, and M 6.2 1995 Cass), there was no evidence of prior seismic activity in Christchurch and its surroundings before the September event. The Darfield and Christchurch earthquakes occurred along the previously unmapped Greendale fault in the Canterbury basin, which is covered by Quaternary alluvial deposits (Forsyth et al. 2008). In Figure 1, site conditions of the Canterbury epicentral area are depicted on a VS30 map. This map was determined on the basis of topographic slope calculated from a 1-km grid using the method of Allen and Wald (2007). Also shown are the locations of strong motion stations.
The Darfield event was generated as a result of a complex rupture mechanism; the recordings and geodetic data reveal that earthquake consists of three sub-events (Barnhart et al. 2011, page 815 of this issue). The first event was due to rupturing of a blind reverse fault with M 6.2, followed by a second event (M 6.9), releasing the largest portion of the energy on the right-lateral Greendale fault. The third sub-event (M 5.7) is due to a reverse fault with a right-lateral component (Holden et al. 2011). The Christchurch earthquake occurred on an oblique thrust fault. The comparison of spectral acceleration values at stations near Christchurch reveals that the second event produced much larger amplitudes of shaking than the Darfield event due to its proximity to the epicenter. Both events resulted in noticeably large amplitudes of the vertical motion, often exceeding horizontal motion in the near-fault area. The vertical motions, showing asymmetric acceleration traces and pulses, reached 1.26 g during the Darfield earthquake and 2.2 g during the Christchurch event. These events were recorded by more than 100 strong motion stations operated by the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (http://www.geonet.org.nz/). Using the processed data from these stations, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and 5%-damped spectral acceleration values at 0.3, 1, and 3 s are used for performance evaluation of the global ground motion predictive equations (GMPEs). The selected GMPEs are the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) models of Abrahamson and Silva (2008), Boore and Atkinson (2008), Campbell and Bozorgnia (2008), and Chiou and Youngs (2008). The Graizer and Kalkan (2007, 2009) model, which is based on the NGA project database, is also included. These GMPEs are abbreviated respectively as AS08, BA08, CB08, CY08, and GK07. Because they have been used widely for seismic hazard analysis for crustal earthquakes, their performance assessment becomes a critical issue especially for immediate response and recovery planning after major events. The occurrence of aftershocks similar to the Christchurch event will most probably control seismic hazard in the broader area, as confirmed by the recent M 6.0 event on June 13, 2011.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.82.6.866","usgsCitation":"Segou, M., and Kalkan, E., 2011, Ground motion attenuation during M 7.1 Darfield and M 6.2 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes and performance of global predictive models: Seismological Research Letters, v. 82, no. 6, p. 866-874, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.6.866.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"866","endPage":"874","ipdsId":"IP-032577","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","city":"Christchurch, Darfield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 170.5,\n -45\n ],\n [\n 173.5,\n -45\n ],\n [\n 173.5,\n -42\n ],\n [\n 170.5,\n -42\n ],\n [\n 170.5,\n -45\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bc2e4b0531197afa08c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Segou, Margaret","contributorId":140800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segou","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13572,"text":"Geoscience Azur","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193893,"text":"70193893 - 2011 - Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from coal fires using airborne and ground-based methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T12:48:19","indexId":"70193893","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from coal fires using airborne and ground-based methods","docAbstract":"Coal fires occur in all coal-bearing regions of the world and number, conservatively, in the thousands. These fires emit a variety of compounds including greenhouse gases. However, the magnitude of the contribution of combustion gases from coal fires to the environment is highly uncertain, because adequate data and methods for assessing emissions are lacking. This study demonstrates the ability to estimate CO2 and CH4 emissions for the Welch Ranch coal fire, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA, using two independent methods: (a) heat flux calculated from aerial thermal infrared imaging (3.7–4.4 t d−1 of CO2 equivalent emissions) and (b) direct, ground-based measurements (7.3–9.5 t d−1 of CO2 equivalent emissions). Both approaches offer the potential for conducting inventories of coal fires to assess their gas emissions and to evaluate and prioritize fires for mitigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2011.09.003","usgsCitation":"Engle, M.A., Radke, L.F., Heffern, E.L., O’Keefe, J.M., Smeltzer, C., Hower, J., Hower, J.M., Prakash, A., Kolker, A., Eatwell, R.J., ter Schure, A., Queen, G., Aggen, K.L., Stracher, G.B., Henke, K., Olea, R.A., and Roman-Colon, Y., 2011, Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from coal fires using airborne and ground-based methods: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 88, no. 2-3, p. 147-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.09.003.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"151","ipdsId":"IP-017535","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"2-3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425f2e4b0dc0b45b456f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Radke, Lawrence F.","contributorId":200118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radke","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":35691,"text":"Airborne Research Consultants, Saunderstown, RI","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13553,"text":"University of Washington-Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heffern, Edward L.","contributorId":200116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heffern","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16722,"text":"US Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Keefe, Jennifer M.K.","contributorId":200117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Keefe","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.K.","affiliations":[{"id":35685,"text":"Morehead State University, Morehead, KY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smeltzer, Charles","contributorId":200119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smeltzer","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27526,"text":"Georgia Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hower, James C. 0000-0003-4694-2776","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4694-2776","contributorId":34561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hower","given":"James C.","affiliations":[{"id":16123,"text":"University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, United States.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hower, Judith M.","contributorId":200120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hower","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35690,"text":"Geomed Associates, Lexington, KY 40503","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Prakash, Anupma","contributorId":189216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prakash","given":"Anupma","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13662,"text":"Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Eatwell, Robert J.","contributorId":200121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eatwell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35691,"text":"Airborne Research Consultants, Saunderstown, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"ter Schure, Arnout","contributorId":200122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"ter Schure","given":"Arnout","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26941,"text":"Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Queen, Gerald","contributorId":200123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Queen","given":"Gerald","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16722,"text":"US Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Aggen, Kerry L.","contributorId":200124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aggen","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16722,"text":"US Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Stracher, Glenn B.","contributorId":200125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stracher","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":35693,"text":"East Georgia College, Swainsboro, GA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Henke, Kevin R.","contributorId":200126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henke","given":"Kevin R.","affiliations":[{"id":35694,"text":"University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research, Lexington, KY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808 rolea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":139555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo","email":"rolea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":721056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Roman-Colon, Yomayara","contributorId":200127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman-Colon","given":"Yomayara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":30754,"text":"USGS, Reston, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70187151,"text":"70187151 - 2011 - Development of the USGS national land-cover database over two decades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T13:00:11","indexId":"70187151","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Development of the USGS national land-cover database over two decades","docAbstract":"Land-cover composition and change have profound impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Land-cover and land-use (LCLU) conditions and their changes can affect social and physical environments by altering ecosystem conditions and services. Information about LCLU change is often used to produce landscape-based metrics and evaluate landscape conditions to monitor LCLU status and trends over a specific time interval (Loveland et al. 2002; Coppin et al. 2004; Lunetta et al. 2006). Continuous, accurate, and up-to-date land-cover data are important for natural resource and ecosystem management and are needed to support consistent monitoring of landscape attributes over time. Large-area land-cover information at regional, national, and global scales is critical for monitoring landscape variations over large areas.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in environmental remote sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/b10599-26","isbn":"978-1-4200-9175-5","usgsCitation":"Xian, G.Z., Homer, C.G., and Yang, L., 2011, Development of the USGS national land-cover database over two decades, chap. of Advances in environmental remote sensing, p. 525-543, https://doi.org/10.1201/b10599-26.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"543","ipdsId":"IP-019196","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340263,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006081e4b0e85db3a5def9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weng, Qihao","contributorId":112678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weng","given":"Qihao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692810,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Xian, George Z. 0000-0001-5674-2204 xian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":2263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","email":"xian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175157,"text":"70175157 - 2011 - Chapter 3: Changes to the Wyoming Basins landscape from oil and natural gas development","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70175157,"text":"70175157 - 2011 - Chapter 3: Changes to the Wyoming Basins landscape from oil and natural gas development","indexId":"70175157","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"chapter":"3","title":"Chapter 3: Changes to the Wyoming Basins landscape from oil and natural gas development"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70118768,"text":"70118768 - 2011 - Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins","indexId":"70118768","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70118768,"text":"70118768 - 2011 - Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins","indexId":"70118768","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-31T14:05:19.504293","indexId":"70175157","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Chapter 3: Changes to the Wyoming Basins landscape from oil and natural gas development","docAbstract":"Oil and natural gas have been produced in Wyoming since the late 1800s although the rate of extraction has increased substantially in the last two decades. Well pads, roads, and infrastructure built to support resource development alter native vegetation configuration; however, the rate and effect of land cover change resulting from oil and gas extraction has not been quantified across the region. We used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to model development through time and assess change to native vegetation at two spatial extents (field and subbasin) within the Wyoming portion of the Wyoming Basins Ecoregional Assessment (WBEA) area. Since 1900, a minimum of 1,703 km2 of native vegetation in the WBEA area has been replaced by well pads or roads. Shrublands were, and continue to be, the dominant land cover class and the cover type most affected by oil and gas extraction. Average shrubland patch size has decreased by approximately 10% at the subbasin extent in the WBEA. Core area (≥60 m from edge) size declined by 13% as road development fragmented formerly continuous patches. To date, the majority of land cover change has occurred in formally identified oil and gas fields, which cover about 1% of the WBEA in Wyoming. Approximately 7.5% of shrubland within oil and gas fields has been converted to well pad or a road supporting a well, and shrubland patch size has declined by 45%. Resource reserves, especially natural gas, have been identified outside traditional fields, and development will likely expand as resource development becomes more cost-effective. Revegetation guidelines are in place for development areas addressed by Environmental Impact Assessments although no quantitative data are available to assess how well restoration efforts are restoring landscapes and connecting fragments.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, Kansas","isbn":"978-0-615-55530-0","usgsCitation":"Finn, S.P., and Knick, S.T., 2011, Chapter 3: Changes to the Wyoming Basins landscape from oil and natural gas development, chap. 3 of Sagebrush ecosystem conservation and management: Ecoregional assessment tools and models for the Wyoming Basins, p. 69-87.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378018,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70175157/70175157.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"The U.S. Geological Survey has been given express permission by the publisher to provide full-text access online for this publication, and is posted with the express permission from the Publications Warehouse Guidance Subcommittee"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -104.073486328125,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -104.073486328125,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 41.0130657870063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"The U.S. Geological Survey has been given express permission by the publisher to provide full-text access online for this publication, and is posted with the express permission from the Publications Warehouse Guidance Subcommittee","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a072bce4b060ce18fb2e31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Sean P.","contributorId":106623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70236119,"text":"70236119 - 2011 - Mechanical analysis of fault slip data: Implications for paleostress analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T16:54:23.081727","indexId":"70236119","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-10T11:49:30","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanical analysis of fault slip data: Implications for paleostress analysis","docAbstract":"Stress inversions are a useful and popular tool for structural geologist and seismologist alike. These methods were first introduced by Wallace (1951) and Bott (1959) and subsequent studies continue to be based on their assumptions: the remote stress tensor is spatially uniform for the rock mass containing the faults and temporally constant over the history of faulting in that region, and the slip on each fault surface has the same direction and sense as the maximum shear stress resolved on that surface from the remote stress tensor. Furthermore, successful implementation requires that slip accumulates on faults of diverse orientation. Many studies employ these methods on isolated faults or on fault systems with limited ranges of orientations, which can lead to erroneous results. We propose a new method that incorporates the effects of mechanical interaction of the entire fault or fault system, and solves the complete mechanical problem rather than employing empirical relationships between slip and stress or strain (or strain rate). The method requires knowledge of the fault geometry and information on at least one slip vector component along portions of the known fault geometry. For example, if throw is known, the strike-slip component can be solved for. We test the method using a single synthetic fault with anisotropic roughness similar to that measured at fault outcrops. While the orientation of remote stress may be determined precisely, the lack of diverse fault orientations introduces a systematic error in the remote stress ratio. We further test the effect of diversity of fault orientations and find that Wallace–Bott type inversions do not perform as well for limited ranges of orientations when compared to the proposed method. Finally, we use published data from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake, and find that the method using surface data only, and surface data with subsurface focal mechanisms, produce similar results. The resulting stress orientations are in good agreement with results from Wallace–Bott inversions. Furthermore, the slip distribution is in general agreement with kinematic slip inversions using coseismic surface deformation. Stress inversion methods using fault slip data can thus be improved upon, significantly in some cases, by solving a mechanical boundary value problem that takes into account the geometry of faults or fault systems. As a bonus, the solution provides the stress, strain, and displacement fields throughout the region and the slip distributions on the faults.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2010.12.004","usgsCitation":"Kaven, J., Maerten, F., and Pollard, D.D., 2011, Mechanical analysis of fault slip data: Implications for paleostress analysis: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 33, no. 2, p. 78-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2010.12.004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"91","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405805,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaven, J. Ole 0000-0003-2625-2786 okaven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-2786","contributorId":3993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaven","given":"J. Ole","email":"okaven@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maerten, F.","contributorId":295915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maerten","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollard, D. D.","contributorId":72914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollard","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036960,"text":"70036960 - 2011 - Using Cl/Br ratios and other indicators to assess potential impacts on groundwater quality from septic systems: A review and examples from principal aquifers in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-16T13:08:03.731019","indexId":"70036960","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using Cl/Br ratios and other indicators to assess potential impacts on groundwater quality from septic systems: A review and examples from principal aquifers in the United States","docAbstract":"A detailed review was made of chemical indicators used to identify impacts from septic tanks on groundwater quality. Potential impacts from septic tank leachate on groundwater quality were assessed using the mass ratio of chloride–bromide (Cl/Br), concentrations of selected chemical constituents, and ancillary information (land use, census data, well depth, soil characteristics) for wells in principal aquifers of the United States. Chemical data were evaluated from 1848 domestic wells in 19 aquifers, 121 public-supply wells in 6 aquifers, and associated monitoring wells in four aquifers and their overlying hydrogeologic units. Based on previously reported Cl/Br ratios, statistical comparisons between targeted wells (where Cl/Br ratios range from 400 to 1100 and Cl concentrations range from 20 to 100 mg/L) and non-targeted wells indicated that shallow targeted monitoring and domestic wells (<20 m depth below land surface) had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher median percentage of houses with septic tanks (1990 census data) than non-targeted wells. Higher (p = 0.08) median nitrate–N concentration (3.1 mg/L) in oxic (dissolved oxygen concentrations >0.5 mg/L) shallow groundwater from target domestic wells, relative to non-target wells (1.5 mg/L), corresponded to significantly higher potassium, boron, chloride, dissolved organic carbon, and sulfate concentrations, which may also indicate the influence of septic-tank effluent. Impacts on groundwater quality from septic systems were most evident for the Eastern Glacial Deposits aquifer and the Northern High Plains aquifer that were associated with the number of housing units using septic tanks, high permeability of overlying sediments, mostly oxic conditions, and shallow wells. Overall, little or no influence from septic systems were found for water samples from the deeper public-supply wells.
The Cl/Br ratio is a useful first-level screening tool for assessing possible septic tank influence in water from shallow wells (<20 m) with the range of 400–1100. The use of this ratio would be enhanced with information on other chloride sources, temporal variability of chloride and bromide concentrations in shallow groundwater, knowledge of septic-system age and maintenance, and the use of multiple tracers (combination of additional chemical and microbiological indicators).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.017","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Eberts, S.M., and Kauffman, L.J., 2011, Using Cl/Br ratios and other indicators to assess potential impacts on groundwater quality from septic systems: A review and examples from principal aquifers in the United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 397, no. 3-4, p. 151-166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.017.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"166","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.32031249999997,\n 25.48295117535531\n ],\n [\n -65.390625,\n 25.48295117535531\n ],\n [\n -65.390625,\n 51.39920565355378\n ],\n [\n -128.32031249999997,\n 51.39920565355378\n ],\n [\n -128.32031249999997,\n 25.48295117535531\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"397","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc00de4b08c986b329ed0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, L. J. 0000-0003-4564-0362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":65217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189674,"text":"sir201052578 - 2011 - Water quality and trophic status of Fort Cobb Reservoir, southwestern Oklahoma, 2016: Chapter 8 in Assessment of conservation practices in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed, southwestern Oklahoma","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70189674,"text":"sir201052578 - 2011 - Water quality and trophic status of Fort Cobb Reservoir, southwestern Oklahoma, 2016: Chapter 8 in Assessment of conservation practices in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed, southwestern Oklahoma","indexId":"sir201052578","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"chapter":"8","displayTitle":"Water quality and trophic status of Fort Cobb Reservoir, southwestern Oklahoma, 2016: Chapter 8 in Assessment of conservation practices in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed, southwestern Oklahoma","title":"Water quality and trophic status of Fort Cobb Reservoir, southwestern Oklahoma, 2016: Chapter 8 in Assessment of conservation practices in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed, southwestern Oklahoma"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70005462,"text":"sir20105257 - 2011 - Assessment of conservation practices in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed, southwestern Oklahoma","indexId":"sir20105257","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Assessment of conservation practices in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed, southwestern Oklahoma"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70005462,"text":"sir20105257 - 2011 - Assessment of conservation practices in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed, southwestern Oklahoma","indexId":"sir20105257","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Assessment of conservation practices in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed, southwestern Oklahoma"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-21T13:28:00","indexId":"sir201052578","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5257","chapter":"8","displayTitle":"Water quality and trophic status of Fort Cobb Reservoir, southwestern Oklahoma, 2016: Chapter 8 in Assessment of conservation practices in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed, southwestern Oklahoma","title":"Water quality and trophic status of Fort Cobb Reservoir, southwestern Oklahoma, 2016: Chapter 8 in Assessment of conservation practices in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed, southwestern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Eutrophication of reservoirs frequently occurs because of excessive nutrient inputs caused by anthropogenic activities, including row-crop agriculture. The trophic status of Fort Cobb Reservoir, Oklahoma, was assessed in April, July, and September 2006. The Fort Cobb Reservoir was highly eutrophic, with the greatest concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll-a being measured in the upper reaches of the reservoir. Water quality generally improved toward the dam, but remained eutrophic. Analysis of vertical water-quality profiles indicated that the Fort Cobb Reservoir was well mixed, with little thermal stratification. Comparison of these data to nutrient-loading data indicated that nutrients were primarily delivered during peak storms along with large sediment loads.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Assessment of conservation practices in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed, southwestern Oklahoma (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5257)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.s. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir201052578","usgsCitation":"Fairchild, J.F., Allert, A., and Echols, K.R., 2011, Water quality and trophic status of Fort Cobb Reservoir, southwestern Oklahoma, 2016: Chapter 8 in Assessment of conservation practices in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed, southwestern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5257, v, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir201052578.","productDescription":"v, 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344084,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":372515,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5257/Chapter8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Fort Cobb Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.54804992675781,\n 35.14630144911117\n ],\n [\n -98.41552734375,\n 35.14630144911117\n ],\n [\n -98.41552734375,\n 35.24954441407211\n ],\n [\n -98.54804992675781,\n 35.24954441407211\n ],\n [\n -98.54804992675781,\n 35.14630144911117\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fdfe4b0d1f9f065ab09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fairchild, James F. jfairchild@usgs.gov","contributorId":492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"James","email":"jfairchild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allert, Ann L. aallert@usgs.gov","contributorId":494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"Ann L.","email":"aallert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193012,"text":"70193012 - 2011 - Effect of land cover change on runoff curve number estimation in Iowa, 1832-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T14:08:36","indexId":"70193012","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of land cover change on runoff curve number estimation in Iowa, 1832-2001","docAbstract":"Within the first few decades of European-descended settlers arriving in Iowa, much of the land cover across the state was transformed from prairie and forest to farmland, patches of forest, and urbanized areas. Land cover change over the subsequent 126 years was minor in comparison. Between 1832 and 1859, the General Land Office conducted a survey of the State of Iowa to aid in the disbursement of land. In 1875, an illustrated atlas of the State of Iowa was published, and in 2001, the US Geological Survey National Land Cover Dataset was compiled. Using these three data resources for classifying land cover, the hydrologic impact of the land cover change at three points in time over a period of 132+ years is presented in terms of the effect on the area-weighted average curve number, a term commonly used to predict peak runoff from rainstorms. In the four watersheds studied, the area-weighted average curve number associated with the first 30 years of settlement increased from 61·4 to 77·8. State-wide mapped forest area over this same period decreased 19%. Over the next 126 years, the area-weighted average curve number decreased to 76·7, despite an additional forest area reduction of 60%. This suggests that degradation of aquatic resources (plants, fish, invertebrates, and habitat) arising from hydrologic alteration was likely to have been much higher during the 30 years of initial settlement than in the subsequent period of 126 years in which land cover changes resulted primarily from deforestation and urbanization.
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trout","docAbstract":"We developed standard weight (W(s); length-specific standard weight for the species) equations for inland cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki using the regression-line-percentile technique. Length and weight data from samples of 117 cutthroat trout populations (48 lentic and 69 lotic) over the interior range of the species were used. Separate W(s) equations were developed for lentic and lotic populations, as well as an overall equation. Relative weight (W(r); individual weight/W(s)) values did not change systematically with increasing fish length. No significant differences in mean W(r) were found among subspecies of cutthroat trout. Differences between lotic and lentic populations suggested the need for two separate equations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0784:PSWWSE>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kruse, C., and Hubert, W., 2011, Proposed standard weight (W(s)) equations for interior cutthroat trout: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 17, no. 3, p. 784-790, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0784:PSWWSE>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"784","endPage":"790","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.54614713029105,\n 48.95758953369554\n ],\n [\n -119.0525917030605,\n 41.10014925932988\n ],\n [\n -115.18906100388693,\n 39.85570640337298\n ],\n [\n -113.69620753910942,\n 36.82961137732771\n ],\n [\n -109.42690968307011,\n 36.89620944979575\n ],\n [\n -108.22299022767717,\n 33.74393344990672\n ],\n [\n -104.39525257197329,\n 34.09891633128885\n ],\n [\n -107.58463079783098,\n 48.95758953369554\n ],\n [\n -118.54614713029105,\n 48.95758953369554\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f42e4b0c8380cd7f664","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kruse, C.G.","contributorId":72147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035777,"text":"70035777 - No Year - Observations on the use of membrane filtration and liquid impingement to collect airborne microorganisms in various atmospheric environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-10T19:44:42.298838","indexId":"70035777","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":true,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":667,"text":"Aerobiologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations on the use of membrane filtration and liquid impingement to collect airborne microorganisms in various atmospheric environments","docAbstract":"The influence of sample-collection-time on the recovery of culturable airborne microorganisms using a low-flow-rate membrane-filtration unit and a high-flow-rate liquid impinger were investigated. Differences in recoveries were investigated in four different atmospheric environments, one mid-oceanic at an altitude of ~10.0 m, one on a mountain top at an altitude of ~3,000.0 m, one at ~1.0 m altitude in Tallahassee, Florida, and one at ~1.0 m above ground in a subterranean-cave. Regarding use of membrane filtration, a common trend was observed: the shorter the collection period, the higher the recovery of culturable bacteria and fungi. These data also demonstrated that lower culturable counts were common in the more remote mid-oceanic and mountain-top atmospheric environments with bacteria, fungi, and total numbers averaging (by sample time or method categories) <3.0 colony-forming units (CFU) m−3. At the Florida and subterranean sites, the lowest average count noted was 3.5 bacteria CFU m−3, and the highest averaged 140.4 total CFU m−3. When atmospheric temperature allowed use, the high-volume liquid impinger utilized in this study resulted in much higher recoveries, as much as 10× greater in a number of the categories (bacterial, fungal, and total CFU). Together, these data illustrated that (1) the high-volume liquid impinger is clearly superior to membrane filtration for aeromicrobiology studies if start-up costs are not an issue and temperature permits use; (2) although membrane filtration is more cost friendly and has a ‘typically’ wider operational range, its limits include loss of cell viability with increased sample time and issues with effectively extracting nucleic acids for community-based analyses; (3) the ability to recover culturable microorganisms is limited in ‘extreme’ atmospheric environments and thus the use of a ‘limited’ methodology in these environments must be taken into account; and (4) the atmosphere culls, i.e., everything is not everywhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10453-010-9173-z","issn":"03935965","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D., Gonzalez, C., Teigell, N., Petrosky, T., Northup, D., and Lyles, M., 2011, Observations on the use of membrane filtration and liquid impingement to collect airborne microorganisms in various atmospheric environments: Aerobiologia, v. 27, no. 1, p. 25-35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-010-9173-z.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216404,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10453-010-9173-z"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ae0e4b0c8380cd743ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W.","contributorId":23668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":452319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, C.","contributorId":64061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teigell, N.","contributorId":76967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teigell","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petrosky, Terry tcpetro@usgs.gov","contributorId":2226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrosky","given":"Terry","email":"tcpetro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":452323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Northup, D.E.","contributorId":14221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Northup","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lyles, M.","contributorId":77386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyles","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98527,"text":"ofr20101146 - 2010 - Coastal vulnerability assessment of the Northern Gulf of Mexico to sea-level rise and coastal change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T11:59:08.51909","indexId":"ofr20101146","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-30T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1146","displayTitle":"Coastal Vulnerability Assessment of the Northern Gulf of Mexico to Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Change","title":"Coastal vulnerability assessment of the Northern Gulf of Mexico to sea-level rise and coastal change","docAbstract":"A coastal vulnerability index (CVI) was used to map the relative vulnerability of the coast to future sea-level rise along the Northern Gulf of Mexico from Galveston, TX, to Panama City, FL. The CVI ranks the following in terms of their physical contribution to sea-level rise-related coastal change: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate of relative sea-level rise, historical shoreline change rate, mean tidal range, and mean significant wave height. The rankings for each variable are combined and an index value is calculated for 1-kilometer grid cells along the coast. The CVI highlights those regions where the physical effects of sea-level rise might be the greatest. The CVI assessment presented here builds on an earlier assessment conducted for the Gulf of Mexico. Recent higher resolution shoreline change, land loss, elevation, and subsidence data provide the foundation for a better assessment for the Northern Gulf of Mexico. The areas along the Northern Gulf of Mexico that are likely to be most vulnerable to sea-level rise are parts of the Louisiana Chenier Plain, Teche-Vermillion Basin, and the Mississippi barrier islands, as well as most of the Terrebonne and Barataria Bay region and the Chandeleur Islands. These very high vulnerability areas have the highest rates of relative sea-level rise and the highest rates of shoreline change or land area loss. The information provided by coastal vulnerability assessments can be used in long-term coastal management and policy decision making.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Barras, J., Williams, S., and Twichell, D., 2010, Coastal vulnerability assessment of the Northern Gulf of Mexico to sea-level rise and coastal change: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1146, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101146.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1146/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":13917,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":384763,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1146/ofr20101146.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1146"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97,25 ], [ -97,30 ], [ -82,30 ], [ -82,25 ], [ -97,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Northeastern Bristol Bay, Alaska, which includes three large estuaries, is used by multiple sea duck species during the annual cycle. Limited aerial surveys indicate that this area supports tens of thousands of king eiders and black scoters during spring migration and the autumn molt. Existing satellite telemetry data were used to assess the temporal patterns of habitat use and spatial distribution of king eiders and black scoters in northeastern Bristol Bay throughout the annual cycle. King eiders used northeastern Bristol Bay during all months of the annual cycle and black scoters used the area during spring through fall. Both species exhibited a similar seasonal pattern of use that corresponded with the timing of life-cycle stages. Abundance of both species was highest during spring migration and the autumn molting period and lowest during summer. Use by king eiders did not occur during all winter months in every year of the study. King eiders were more broadly distributed than black scoters and were located farther from shore in deeper water. Core use areas had minimal overlap, suggesting a degree of spatial segregation between species and a preference for different habitats in northeastern Bristol Bay. Further study of potential variation in invertebrate community structure that may correlate with the observed interspecific spatial segregation in habitat use is needed to determine preferred forage and describe habitat requirements for each species. Such information is necessary to assess the potential impact that future anthropogenic or environmental changes may have on habitat quality of northeastern Bristol Bay and demography of Pacific sea duck populations that use this area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00227-010-1481-x","usgsCitation":"Schamber, J.L., Flint, P.L., and Powell, A.N., 2010, Patterns of use and distribution of king eiders and black scoters during the annual cycle in northeastern Bristol Bay, Alaska: Marine Biology, v. 157, p. 2169-2176, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1481-x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2169","endPage":"2176","ipdsId":"IP-020509","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":465517,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Bristol Bay, Egegik Bay, Kvichak Bay, Nushagak Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.98543737174253,\n 58.922937850867356\n ],\n [\n -161.98543737174253,\n 57.10836069028835\n ],\n [\n -157.60187371983994,\n 57.10836069028835\n ],\n [\n -157.60187371983994,\n 58.922937850867356\n ],\n [\n -161.98543737174253,\n 58.922937850867356\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"157","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schamber, Jason L","contributorId":269800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schamber","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":921987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, Abby N. 0000-0002-9783-134X abby_powell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-134X","contributorId":171426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":921988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}