The Silver Reef district is near Leeds, about 16 miles north of St. George, Utah. The major structural feature of the district\nis the Virgin anticline, a fold extending southwestward toward St 0\nGeorge. The anticline has been breached by erosion, and sandstone\nhogbacks or “reefs” are carved from the Shinarump conglomerate and\nsandstone members of the Chinle formation, both of Triassic age.\nThirteen occurrences of uranium-vanadium minerals, all within the\nTecumseh sandstone, which is the upper part of the Silver Reef\nsandstone member of the Chinle formation, have been examined over\nan area about l o75 miles wide and 3 miles long.
\nTwo shipments of uranium-vanadium ore have been produced from\nthe Chloride Chief and Silver Point claims. Samples from the deposits\ncontain as much as 0.94 percent U3O8. The ore contains\nseveral times as much vanadium oxide as uranium, some copper; and\ntraces of silver. It occurs in thinly bedded cross-bedded shales\nand sandstones within the fluviatile Tecumseh sandstone member of\nthe Chinle formation. The ore beds are lenticular and are localized\nnear the base, center, and top of this sandstone member. The\nuranium-vanadium ore contains several yellow and green minerals not\nyet identified; the occurrences are similar to, but not associated\nwith, the cerargyrite ore that made the district famous from 1879 to\n1909.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem214","usgsCitation":"Stugard, F., 1951, Uranium resources in the Silver Reef (Harrisburg) District, Washington County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 214, Report: 45 p.; 3 Plates: 40.93 x 26.27 inches and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem214.","productDescription":"Report: 45 p.; 3 Plates: 40.93 x 26.27 inches and smaller","numberOfPages":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tem214.jpg"},{"id":285966,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0214/figure-2.pdf"},{"id":285968,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0214/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":285969,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0214/report.pdf"},{"id":285967,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0214/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Silver Reef","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.5,37.0 ], [ -113.5,37.25 ], [ -113.25,37.25 ], [ -113.25,37.0 ], [ -113.5,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535595d7e4b0120853e8c2d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stugard, Frederick Jr.","contributorId":88373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stugard","given":"Frederick","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72055,"text":"tem137 - 1951 - Preliminary statement of the analyses of ground water from the Morrison Formation, southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T13:54:13","indexId":"tem137","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T14:50:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"137","title":"Preliminary statement of the analyses of ground water from the Morrison Formation, southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah","docAbstract":"As part of a study of the carnotite deposits of the Colorado Plateau,, samples of ground water from the Salt Wash sandstone and Brushy Basin shale members of the Morrison formation have been analyzed to determine their chemical character and metal content. The Salt Wash ground water is largely a bicarbonate solution with variable amounts of calcium and magnesium ions; that from the Brushy Basin is either a sulfate or bicarbonate solution with sodium, The ground water from the Salt Wash and Brushy Basin members is generally weakly alkaline In most samples, the metal ions of uranium, vanadium, copper, lead, and selenium are present in amounts of less than 1 part per million. It is concluded that if the ground water responsible for introduction of the uranium and vanadium metals into the Salt Wash was comparable to the recent ground water, it contained very small amounts of the metal ions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem137","usgsCitation":"Phoenix, D.A., 1951, Preliminary statement of the analyses of ground water from the Morrison Formation, southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 137, Report: 12 p.; Plate 1: 22.10 inches x 27.51 inches; Plate 2: 21.48 inches x 25.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem137.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; Plate 1: 22.10 inches x 27.51 inches; Plate 2: 21.48 inches x 25.29 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":279202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0137/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":282982,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0137/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":282983,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0137/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":282981,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0137/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.8248,37.5729 ], [ -109.8248,39.1428 ], [ -107.5644,39.1428 ], [ -107.5644,37.5729 ], [ -109.8248,37.5729 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528c96b9e4b0c629af44ddf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phoenix, David A.","contributorId":79156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phoenix","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221630,"text":"70221630 - 1951 - Ground water in alluvial deposits in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T19:53:30.42827","indexId":"70221630","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T14:46:03","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground water in alluvial deposits in Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Alluvium along main streams in Oklahoma has long been recognized as a generally dependable aquifer. Pumping tests made in recent years afford a means of comparing one area with another. They indicate coefficients of transmissibility on the order of 70,000 gallons per day per foot in the Arkansas River alluvium near Fort Gibson, and 60,000 in the North Canadian River alluvium near Oklahoma City and El Reno.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soicety of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.46.1.76","usgsCitation":"Schoff, S., and Reed, E., 1951, Ground water in alluvial deposits in Oklahoma: Economic Geology, v. 46, no. 1, p. 76-83, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.46.1.76.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"83","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -103.02978515625,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -99.97558593749999,\n 36.518465989675875\n ],\n [\n -100.008544921875,\n 34.57895241036948\n ],\n [\n -99.591064453125,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -98.426513671875,\n 34.05265942137599\n ],\n [\n -97.811279296875,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -97.042236328125,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 33.73347670599252\n ],\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 33.925129700072\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -94.46044921875,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -94.647216796875,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 37.020098201368114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1951-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoff, S.L.","contributorId":107365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoff","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, E.W.","contributorId":260643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reed","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71195,"text":"tei151 - 1951 - Summary of the research work of the Trace Elements Section, Geochemistry and Petrology Branch, for the period January 1-March 31, 1951","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T13:34:02","indexId":"tei151","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T14:25:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"151","title":"Summary of the research work of the Trace Elements Section, Geochemistry and Petrology Branch, for the period January 1-March 31, 1951","docAbstract":"This report summarized the research work of the Trace Elements Section, Geochemistry and Petrology Branch for the period January 1 - March 31, 1951. Work before that is summarized in an earlier report, \"Summary of the research work of the Trace Elements Section, Geochemistry and Petrology Branch, for the period April 1, 1948 - December 31, 1950,\" by John C. Rabbitt (U.S. Geol. Survey Trace Elements Investigations Rept. 148, January 1951). This report will be referred to as TEIR 148. In TEIR 148 the purpose of each project was described and it is not thought necessary to repeat that material.
\nThe research work of the section consists of laboratory and related field studies in the following fields:
\n1. Mineralogic and petrologic investigations of radioactive rocks, minerals, and ores.
\n2. Investigations of chemical methods of analysis for uranium, thorium, and other elements and compounds in radioactive materials, and related chemical problems.
\n3. Investigations of spectographic method of analysis for a wide variety of elements in radioactive materials.
\n4. Investigation of radiometric methods of analysis is applied to radioactive materials.
\nIt should be emphasized that the work undertaken so far is almost entirely in the nature of investigations supporting the field appraisal of known uraniferous deposits. A program of more fundamental research, particularly in the mineralogy and geochemistry of uranium, is now being drawn up and will be submitted for approval soon.
\nThis report does not deal with the routine analytical work of the Section nor the public-sample program. The analytical work will be summarized in a report to be issued after the end of fiscal year 1951, and a report on the public-sample program is in process.
\nSpecial thanks are due members of the Section who are engaged in the research work and who have supplied material for this report, the Early Ingerson, Chief of the Geochemistry and Petrology Branch for his critical review, to Jane Titcomb of the editorial staff of the Section for editing the report, and to Virginia Layne of the same staff, for typing the manuscript and the multilith mats.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei151","usgsCitation":"Rabbitt, J., 1951, Summary of the research work of the Trace Elements Section, Geochemistry and Petrology Branch, for the period January 1-March 31, 1951: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 151, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei151.","productDescription":"44 p.","numberOfPages":"45","temporalStart":"1951-01-01","temporalEnd":"1951-03-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289932,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289931,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0151/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae784ee4b0abf75cf2d07f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rabbitt, John C.","contributorId":101735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabbitt","given":"John C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56995,"text":"b981 - 1951 - Geophysical abstracts 144-147 January-December 1951: (Numbers 12514-13283)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56996,"text":"b981A - 1951 - Geophysical abstracts 144, January-March 1951","indexId":"b981A","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Geophysical abstracts 144, January-March 1951"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":56995,"text":"b981 - 1951 - Geophysical abstracts 144-147 January-December 1951: (Numbers 12514-13283)","indexId":"b981","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 144-147 January-December 1951: (Numbers 12514-13283)"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":56997,"text":"b981B - 1951 - Geophysical abstracts 145, April-June 1951","indexId":"b981B","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Geophysical abstracts 145, April-June 1951"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":56995,"text":"b981 - 1951 - Geophysical abstracts 144-147 January-December 1951: (Numbers 12514-13283)","indexId":"b981","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 144-147 January-December 1951: (Numbers 12514-13283)"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":56998,"text":"b981C - 1951 - Geophysical abstracts 146, July-September 1951","indexId":"b981C","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Geophysical abstracts 146, July-September 1951"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":56995,"text":"b981 - 1951 - Geophysical abstracts 144-147 January-December 1951: (Numbers 12514-13283)","indexId":"b981","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 144-147 January-December 1951: (Numbers 12514-13283)"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":56999,"text":"b981D - 1951 - Geophysical abstracts 147, October-December 1951","indexId":"b981D","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geophysical abstracts 147, October-December 1951"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":56995,"text":"b981 - 1951 - Geophysical abstracts 144-147 January-December 1951: (Numbers 12514-13283)","indexId":"b981","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 144-147 January-December 1951: (Numbers 12514-13283)"},"id":4}],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T14:19:44","indexId":"b981","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T14:18:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"981","title":"Geophysical abstracts 144-147 January-December 1951: (Numbers 12514-13283)","docAbstract":"Abstracts of world literature contained in periodicals, books, and patents.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b981","usgsCitation":"U.S. Government Printing Office, 1951, Geophysical abstracts 144-147 January-December 1951: (Numbers 12514-13283): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 981, iii, 281 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b981.","productDescription":"iii, 281 p.","temporalStart":"1951-01-01","temporalEnd":"1951-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289971,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c4fc29e4b0b58d96eeb5ad"} ,{"id":70222245,"text":"70222245 - 1951 - Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Driftwood-Noluk area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-01T19:28:46.346616","indexId":"70222245","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T13:53:37","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"39","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Driftwood-Noluk area, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222245","usgsCitation":"Sable, E., Dutro, J., and Morris, R.H., 1951, Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Driftwood-Noluk area, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 39, Report: 28 p.; 4 Plates: 38.74 x 29.20 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222245.","productDescription":"Report: 28 p.; 4 Plates: 38.74 x 29.20 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401582,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222245/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401581,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222245/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401580,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222245/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401579,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222245/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401578,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222245/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387353,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74588.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222245/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"96000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Driftwood-Noluk area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161,\n 68.45\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 68.45\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -161,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -161,\n 68.45\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sable, E.G.","contributorId":67076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sable","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dutro, J.T. Jr.","contributorId":8432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutro","given":"J.T.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, R. H.","contributorId":91853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72041,"text":"tem124 - 1951 - Summary report on public samples received 1949-50, trace elements section Washington laboratory, geochemistry and petrology branch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-16T13:48:01","indexId":"tem124","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T13:46:17","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"124","title":"Summary report on public samples received 1949-50, trace elements section Washington laboratory, geochemistry and petrology branch","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/tem124","collaboration":"Transmitted to the Division of Raw Materials, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.","usgsCitation":"Deul, M., 1951, Summary report on public samples received 1949-50, trace elements section Washington laboratory, geochemistry and petrology branch: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 124, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tem124.","productDescription":"32 p.","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c79f17e4b01948416424b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deul, Maurice","contributorId":67562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deul","given":"Maurice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70268051,"text":"70268051 - 1951 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1951","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70268051,"text":"70268051 - 1951 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1951","indexId":"70268051","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1951"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70246900,"text":"70246900 - 1925 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association","indexId":"70246900","publicationYear":"1925","noYear":false,"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70246900,"text":"70246900 - 1925 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association","indexId":"70246900","publicationYear":"1925","noYear":false,"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-20T13:44:00.997636","indexId":"70268051","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T13:16:43","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1951","docAbstract":"The Volcano Letter was an informal publication issued at irregular intervals by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) during the years 1925 to 1955. Individual issues contain information on volcanic activity, volcano research, and volcano monitoring in Hawaii. Information on volcanic activity at other locations is also occasionally included.
The Volcano Letter was published by HVO through multiple changes in administration, including the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association (1925 to 1932), the U.S. Geological Survey (1932 to 1935), the Department of the Interior (1935 to 1938), and the University of Hawai‘i (1938 to 1955). Issues 1-262 were published weekly from January 1, 1925, to January 2, 1930, and consisted of a single page of text. Issues 263-384, also published weekly, from January 9, 1930, to May 5, 1932, were generally longer—four pages— and provided more detail on volcanic activity, including photographs, maps, and plots. Weekly issues 385-387, published May 12-26, 1932, were a single page of text due to budget reductions brought on by the Great Depression. Budget restrictions reduced the publishing frequency to monthly for issues 388-428, covering the period of June 1932 to October 1935; these issues were generally shorter, 1-2 pages, and sometimes featured figures. From November 1935 to July 1938, issues 429-461 remained monthly but increased in length (generally eight pages) and featured figures frequently. Issues 462-530, published over the period of August 1938 to December 1955, varied in length from 2-15 pages, but were published quarterly, rather than monthly.
Six of the Volcano Letters are misnumbered:
Jan. 21, 1926 number is 55 though it should 56
July 29, 1926 number is 82 though it should be 83
Feb. 16, 1928 number is 161 though it should be 164
May 31, 1928 number is 197 though it should be 179
Nov. 29, 1928 number is 204 though it should be 205
.The U.S. Geological Survey has measured and sampled the Phosphoria formation at many localities in Idaho and other western states. These data will not be fully synthesized and analyzed for several years but segments of the data, accompanied by little or no interpretation, are published as preliminary reports as they are assembled. This report, which contains abstracts of many of the sections in southeastern Idaho (fig. 1), is one of this series and is the third report of data gathered in Idaho during 1947 and 1948. The field and laboratory procedures adopted in these investigations are described rather fully in a companion report (McKelvey and others, 1953).
\nMany people have taken part in this investigation, which was organized and supervised by V. E. McKelvey. D. A. Bostwick, R. M. Campbell, R. A. Gulbrandsen, R. A. Harris, R. L. Parker, R. A. Smart, J. E. Smedley, R. H. Thurston, and R. G. Waring participated in the description of strata and collection of samples referred to in this report. D. B. Dimick, Jack George, W. S. Hunziker, J. E. Jones, H. A. Larsen, and T. K. Rigby assisted in the preparation of trenches and collection, crushing, and splitting of samples in the field. The laboratory preparation of samples for chemical analysis was done in Denver, Colo., under the direction of W. P. Huleatt.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei188","usgsCitation":"O’Malley, F., Davidson, D., Hoppin, R., and Sheldon, R., 1951, Stratigraphic sections of the Phosphoria formation in Idaho, 1947-48, Part III: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 188, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei188.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"47","temporalStart":"1947-01-01","temporalEnd":"1948-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei188.jpg"},{"id":285613,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0188/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Phosphoria Formation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.0,42.0 ], [ -113.0,44.0 ], [ -111.0,44.0 ], [ -111.0,42.0 ], [ -113.0,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559568e4b0120853e8c215","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Malley, F.W.","contributorId":62933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Malley","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidson, D.F.","contributorId":68293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoppin, R.A.","contributorId":82682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoppin","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sheldon, R.P.","contributorId":71158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheldon","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":37842,"text":"37842 - 1951 - Ringneck pheasant management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T11:01:13","indexId":"37842","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T11:00:49","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"332","title":"Ringneck pheasant management","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Dale, F.H., 1951, Ringneck pheasant management: Wildlife Leaflet 332, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd84ae4b0824b2d1781a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dale, Fred H.","contributorId":70698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72082,"text":"tem161 - 1951 - Airborne radioactivity survey in the vicinity of Grants, McKinley and Valencia Counties, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-03T11:39:45","indexId":"tem161","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T10:13:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"161","title":"Airborne radioactivity survey in the vicinity of Grants, McKinley and Valencia Counties, New Mexico","docAbstract":"An airborne radioactivity survey in the vicinity of Grants, New Mexico, was made on May 28. 1951; aeromagnetic measurements were made concurrently with the radioactivity measurements. Several radioactivity anomalies were noted in conjunction with negative magnetic anomalies; this association is unusual and may reflect a genetic relationship between the uranium mineralization and the geologic structure causing the negative magnetic effect. Further investigation of the vicinity of the anomalies near the Haystack area, including ground magnetometer survey, seems warranted.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem161","usgsCitation":"Stead, F., 1951, Airborne radioactivity survey in the vicinity of Grants, McKinley and Valencia Counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 161, Report: 13 p.; 8 Plates: 30.84 x 30.62 inches and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem161.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; 8 Plates: 30.84 x 30.62 inches and smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tem161.jpg"},{"id":284592,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0161/plate-2b.pdf"},{"id":284593,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0161/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":284594,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0161/plate-2c.pdf"},{"id":284595,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0161/plate-2d.pdf"},{"id":284596,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0161/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":284597,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0161/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":284591,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0161/plate-2a.pdf"},{"id":284598,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0161/plate-5.pdf"},{"id":284599,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0161/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Grants County;Mckinley County;Valencia County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0468,34.4084 ], [ -109.0468,36.0063 ], [ -106.538,36.0063 ], [ -106.538,34.4084 ], [ -109.0468,34.4084 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53558fc5e4b0120853e8be2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stead, Frank W.","contributorId":32627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stead","given":"Frank W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207423,"text":"70207423 - 1951 - Notes on the manganese ores of Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T09:53:15","indexId":"70207423","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T09:50:15","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Notes on the manganese ores of Brazil","docAbstract":"Brazil has been a small but consistent source of manganese ore for world markets during the last five decades. Production both for export and for domestic use is likely to increase. Deposits can be classified into syngenetic (the primary manganese sediments in iron formation at Urucum) and epigenetic. The epigenetic deposits can be further subdivided into four classes: (a) The Queluz or Morro da Mina type, in which the manganese oxide ore has been derived by weathering processes from a manganese silicate-carbonate-sulfide protore. (b) The Lagoa Grande type, enclosed in itabirite, in which lean man-ganiferous horizons in the metamorphosed iron formation have been leached and the manganese concentrated by weathering processes. (c) Deposits in slightly manganiferous rocks of various types in which the manganese has been concentrated by weathering processes. (d) Deposits in barren rocks into which manganese oxides have been introduced from unknown sources. It is probable that the Lagoa Grande type is closely related in ultimate origin to the Urucum type, although the regional metamorphism suffered by the former obscures relations. The Urucum deposits and two deposits of the Morro da Mina type have large reserves of export-grade ore. Many deposits of the Lagoa Grande type are known and the aggregate reserves are large, although their grade makes them more suitable for domestic than for export use. Deposits of the other two types are numerous but small, and their grade seems to consign most ore from these deposits to the domestic market. © 1951 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists ","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.46.1.1","issn":" 03610128","usgsCitation":"Park, C.F., Dorr, J., Guild, P.W., and Barbosa, A.L., 1951, Notes on the manganese ores of Brazil: Economic Geology, v. 46, no. 1, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.46.1.1.","productDescription":"22 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-57.62513,-30.21629],[-56.2909,-28.85276],[-55.16229,-27.88192],[-54.49073,-27.47476],[-53.64874,-26.92347],[-53.62835,-26.12487],[-54.13005,-25.54764],[-54.62529,-25.73926],[-54.42895,-25.16218],[-54.29348,-24.5708],[-54.29296,-24.02101],[-54.65283,-23.83958],[-55.0279,-24.00127],[-55.40075,-23.95694],[-55.51764,-23.572],[-55.61068,-22.65562],[-55.79796,-22.35693],[-56.47332,-22.0863],[-56.88151,-22.28215],[-57.93716,-22.09018],[-57.87067,-20.73269],[-58.16639,-20.1767],[-57.8538,-19.97],[-57.95,-19.4],[-57.67601,-18.96184],[-57.49837,-18.17419],[-57.73456,-17.55247],[-58.2808,-17.27171],[-58.38806,-16.87711],[-58.24122,-16.29957],[-60.15839,-16.25828],[-60.54297,-15.09391],[-60.25115,-15.07722],[-60.26433,-14.64598],[-60.4592,-14.35401],[-60.5033,-13.77595],[-61.08412,-13.47938],[-61.7132,-13.4892],[-62.12708,-13.19878],[-62.80306,-13.00065],[-63.1965,-12.62703],[-64.31635,-12.46198],[-65.40228,-11.56627],[-65.3219,-10.89587],[-65.44484,-10.51145],[-65.33844,-9.76199],[-66.64691,-9.93133],[-67.1738,-10.30681],[-68.04819,-10.71206],[-68.27125,-11.01452],[-68.78616,-11.03638],[-69.52968,-10.95173],[-70.09375,-11.12397],[-70.54869,-11.00915],[-70.48189,-9.49012],[-71.30241,-10.07944],[-72.18489,-10.0536],[-72.56303,-9.52019],[-73.22671,-9.46221],[-73.01538,-9.03283],[-73.57106,-8.42445],[-73.98724,-7.52383],[-73.7234,-7.341],[-73.72449,-6.9186],[-73.12003,-6.62993],[-73.21971,-6.08919],[-72.96451,-5.74125],[-72.89193,-5.27456],[-71.74841,-4.59398],[-70.92884,-4.40159],[-70.79477,-4.25126],[-69.89364,-4.29819],[-69.4441,-1.55629],[-69.42049,-1.12262],[-69.57707,-0.54999],[-70.02066,-0.18516],[-70.01557,0.54141],[-69.4524,0.70616],[-69.25243,0.60265],[-69.21864,0.98568],[-69.8046,1.08908],[-69.81697,1.71481],[-67.86857,1.69246],[-67.53781,2.03716],[-67.26,1.72],[-67.06505,1.13011],[-66.87633,1.25336],[-66.32577,0.72445],[-65.54827,0.78925],[-65.35471,1.09528],[-64.61101,1.32873],[-64.19931,1.49285],[-64.08309,1.91637],[-63.36879,2.2009],[-63.42287,2.41107],[-64.27,2.49701],[-64.40883,3.12679],[-64.36849,3.79721],[-64.81606,4.05645],[-64.62866,4.14848],[-63.88834,4.02053],[-63.0932,3.77057],[-62.80453,4.00697],[-62.08543,4.16212],[-60.96689,4.53647],[-60.60118,4.9181],[-60.73357,5.20028],[-60.21368,5.24449],[-59.98096,5.01406],[-60.111,4.57497],[-59.76741,4.4235],[-59.53804,3.9588],[-59.81541,3.6065],[-59.97452,2.75523],[-59.71855,2.24963],[-59.64604,1.78689],[-59.03086,1.3177],[-58.54001,1.26809],[-58.42948,1.46394],[-58.11345,1.5072],[-57.66097,1.68258],[-57.33582,1.94854],[-56.7827,1.86371],[-56.53939,1.89952],[-55.9957,1.81767],[-55.9056,2.022],[-56.07334,2.22079],[-55.97332,2.51036],[-55.56976,2.42151],[-55.09759,2.52375],[-54.52475,2.31185],[-54.08806,2.10556],[-53.77852,2.3767],[-53.55484,2.3349],[-53.41847,2.05339],[-52.93966,2.12486],[-52.55642,2.50471],[-52.24934,3.24109],[-51.6578,4.15623],[-51.31715,4.20349],[-51.06977,3.6504],[-50.50888,1.90156],[-49.97408,1.73648],[-49.9471,1.04619],[-50.69925,0.22298],[-50.38821,-0.07844],[-48.62057,-0.23549],[-48.5845,-1.23781],[-47.82496,-0.58162],[-46.56658,-0.94103],[-44.9057,-1.55174],[-44.41762,-2.13775],[-44.58159,-2.69131],[-43.41879,-2.38311],[-41.47266,-2.91202],[-39.97867,-2.87305],[-38.50038,-3.70065],[-37.22325,-4.82095],[-36.45294,-5.1094],[-35.5978,-5.1495],[-35.23539,-5.46494],[-34.89603,-6.73819],[-34.72999,-7.34322],[-35.12821,-8.9964],[-35.63697,-9.64928],[-37.04652,-11.04072],[-37.68361,-12.17119],[-38.42388,-13.03812],[-38.67389,-13.05765],[-38.95328,-13.79337],[-38.8823,-15.66705],[-39.16109,-17.20841],[-39.26734,-17.86775],[-39.58352,-18.2623],[-39.76082,-19.59911],[-40.77474,-20.90451],[-40.94476,-21.93732],[-41.75416,-22.37068],[-41.98828,-22.97007],[-43.0747,-22.96769],[-44.64781,-23.35196],[-45.35214,-23.79684],[-46.47209,-24.08897],[-47.64897,-24.8852],[-48.49546,-25.87702],[-48.641,-26.6237],[-48.47474,-27.17591],[-48.66152,-28.18613],[-48.88846,-28.67412],[-49.58733,-29.22447],[-50.69687,-30.98447],[-51.57623,-31.7777],[-52.25608,-32.24537],[-52.7121,-33.19658],[-53.37366,-33.76838],[-53.65054,-33.202],[-53.20959,-32.72767],[-53.78795,-32.04724],[-54.57245,-31.49451],[-55.60151,-30.85388],[-55.97324,-30.88308],[-56.97603,-30.10969],[-57.62513,-30.21629]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Brazil\"}}]}","volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1951-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Park, C. F. Jr.","contributorId":90277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorr, J. V. N.","contributorId":80725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorr","given":"J. V. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guild, P. W.","contributorId":39039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guild","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barbosa, A. L. M.","contributorId":66325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbosa","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70094973,"text":"70094973 - 1951 - Preliminary report on the geology and ground-water supply of the Newark, New Jersey, area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-26T11:57:25","indexId":"70094973","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T09:47:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":136,"text":"Special Report (New Jersey Division of Water Policy and Supply)","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"10","title":"Preliminary report on the geology and ground-water supply of the Newark, New Jersey, area","docAbstract":"In the Newark area, ground water is used chiefly for industrial cooling, air-conditioning, general processing, and for sanitary purposes. A small amount is used in the manufacture of beverages. Total ground-water pumpage in Newark is estimated at not less than 20,000,000 gallons daily.
\nThe Newark area is underlain by formations of Recent, Pleistocene and Triassic age, and the geology and hydrologic properties of these formations are discussed. Attention is called to the important influence of a buried valley in the rock floor beneath the Newark area on the yield of wells located within it. Data on the fluctuation of the water levels and the variation in pumpage are presented, and their significance discussed. The results of a pumping test made during the investigation were inconclusive. The beneficial results of artificially recharging the aquifers in one part of the area are described.
\nThe intrusion of salt water into certain parts of the ground-water body is described and graphically portrayed by a map showing the chloride concentration of the ground water in various parts of the City. Insofar as available data permit, the chemical quality of the ground water is discussed and records are given of the ground-water temperatures in various parts of the City.
\nThere has been marked lowering of the water table in the eastern part of the area, accompanied by salt water intrusion, indicating that the safe yield of the formations in this part of Newark has probably been exceeded. It is recommended that the study of the ground-water resources of this area be continued, and that artificial recharging of the aquifers be increased over as wide an area as possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"New Jersey Deptartment of Conservation and Economic Development, Division of Water Policy and Supply","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Herpers, H., and Barksdale, H.C., 1951, Preliminary report on the geology and ground-water supply of the Newark, New Jersey, area: Special Report (New Jersey Division of Water Policy and Supply) 10, 52 p.","productDescription":"52 p.","numberOfPages":"53","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70094973.jpg"},{"id":284824,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70094973/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Newark","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.251324,40.673903 ], [ -74.251324,40.788139 ], [ -74.112787,40.788139 ], [ -74.112787,40.673903 ], [ -74.251324,40.673903 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559529e4b0120853e8c156","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herpers, Henry","contributorId":8378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herpers","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barksdale, Henry C.","contributorId":11463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barksdale","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211048,"text":"70211048 - 1951 - Geologic map of South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-13T13:41:05.106182","indexId":"70211048","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T09:40:18","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Geologic map of South Dakota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70211048","usgsCitation":"Darton, N.H., 1951, Geologic map of South Dakota, 1 Plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/70211048.","productDescription":"1 Plate","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":376291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":376290,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34877.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"South 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darton, N. H.","contributorId":71523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darton","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":792601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70203693,"text":"70203693 - 1951 - Correlation list of new and old numbers of The Descriptive Catalogue of the Photographs of the U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories for the Years 1869-1875: Miscellaneous Publication, no. 5, Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories, 1875","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T15:27:25","indexId":"70203693","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T09:38:22","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Correlation list of new and old numbers of The Descriptive Catalogue of the Photographs of the U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories for the Years 1869-1875: Miscellaneous Publication, no. 5, Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories, 1875","docAbstract":"The numbers of the negatives listed in the Descriptive Catalogue of the Photographs of the U. S. Geological Survey of the Territories for the years 1869 to 1875, Miscellaneous Publication No. 5, Department of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey of the Territories, 1875, were replaced many years ago with new numbers. The following list of new numbers correlating the old numbers has been prepared to serve as a key to the 1875 catalog.
Each assigned new number represents a negative or a print in our collection and the sequence of new numbers follows the order of prints mounted in five albums in the photographic library of the U.S. Geological Survey. Blank spaces in the list indicate unknown old catalog numbers and dates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70203693","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1951, Correlation list of new and old numbers of The Descriptive Catalogue of the Photographs of the U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories for the Years 1869-1875: Miscellaneous Publication, no. 5, Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories, 1875, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70203693.","productDescription":"33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":602,"text":"U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70203693/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":364315,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70203693/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW"} ,{"id":95185,"text":"95185 - 1951 - Treatment with antibiotics of ulcer disease and furunculosis in trout (Mimeograph)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:58","indexId":"95185","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Treatment with antibiotics of ulcer disease and furunculosis in trout (Mimeograph)","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"16/FH","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., 1951, Treatment with antibiotics of ulcer disease and furunculosis in trout (Mimeograph), 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f13ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64219,"text":"gp49 - 1951 - Total intensity aeromagnetic map and accompanying aeromagnetic profiles, northern part of Otter Tail County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T20:49:23.774608","indexId":"gp49","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49","title":"Total intensity aeromagnetic map and accompanying aeromagnetic profiles, northern part of Otter Tail County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp49","usgsCitation":"Balsley, J.R., Hill, M.E., and Meuschke, J.L., 1951, Total intensity aeromagnetic map and accompanying aeromagnetic profiles, northern part of Otter Tail County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 49, 2 Plates: 52.32 × 27.79 inches and 49.06 × 30.06 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp49.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 52.32 × 27.79 inches and 49.06 × 30.06 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410494,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_3438.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":260632,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0049/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260633,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0049/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"63360","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Otter Tail County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.15,\n 46.7167\n ],\n [\n -96.15,\n 46.4167\n ],\n [\n -95.15,\n 46.4167\n ],\n [\n -95.15,\n 46.7167\n ],\n [\n -96.15,\n 46.7167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629a9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balsley, J. R. Jr.","contributorId":79535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balsley","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. E.","contributorId":49330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meuschke, J. L.","contributorId":53349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meuschke","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1013831,"text":"1013831 - 1951 - The effect of sulfamerzine on the erthrocyte and hemoglobin content of trout blood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T13:05:42.540063","indexId":"1013831","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of sulfamerzine on the erthrocyte and hemoglobin content of trout blood","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/3001745","usgsCitation":"Gutsell, J., 1951, The effect of sulfamerzine on the erthrocyte and hemoglobin content of trout blood: Biometrics, v. 7, no. 2, p. 171-179, https://doi.org/10.2307/3001745.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131552,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667283","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutsell, J.S.","contributorId":25523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutsell","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184455,"text":"70184455 - 1951 - Rainfall frequency: An aspect of climatic variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:12:00","indexId":"70184455","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainfall frequency: An aspect of climatic variation","docAbstract":"Analyses which have been made in the past have shown no significant trend in annual values of rainfall during the period of rainfall records in the southwestern United States. In the present study, frequency of daily rains of various sizes are analyzed for four long-record stations in New Mexico. It is shown that the frequency of rains smaller than 0.50 inch in a day progressively increased from 1850 to about 1930. Opposite trends in different size classes tended to partially compensate one another in such a way that trends do not appear in the annual rainfall totals. Frequency of rains of various sizes comprising wet years and dry are compared. Some effects of changes in rainfall frequency on vegetation and erosion are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR032i003p00347","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., 1951, Rainfall frequency: An aspect of climatic variation: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 32, no. 3, p. 347-357, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR032i003p00347.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"357","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":337168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277fbe4b014cc3a3e7720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011131,"text":"70011131 - 1951 - Aromatic fluorine compounds. IV. 1,2,3,5-Tetrafluorobenzene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-28T16:20:27.787619","indexId":"70011131","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2519,"text":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aromatic fluorine compounds. IV. 1,2,3,5-Tetrafluorobenzene","docAbstract":"The preparation of 1,2,3,5-tetrafluorobenzene and some of its intermediates is described. Cuprous oxide as a catalyst was used to advantage in the hypophosphorous acid deamination method.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ja01145a054","issn":"00027863","usgsCitation":"Finger, G.C., Reed, F., and Oesterling, R., 1951, Aromatic fluorine compounds. IV. 1,2,3,5-Tetrafluorobenzene: Journal of the American Chemical Society, v. 73, no. 1, p. 152-153, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a054.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220689,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed80e4b0c8380cd49842","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finger, G. C.","contributorId":89277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, F.H.","contributorId":82058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oesterling, R.E.","contributorId":25282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oesterling","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":47003,"text":"ofr5144 - 1951 - Geologic and total-intensity aeromagnetic map in the vicinity of Eureka, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-08T22:09:23.627322","indexId":"ofr5144","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"51-44","title":"Geologic and total-intensity aeromagnetic map in the vicinity of Eureka, Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5144","usgsCitation":"Nolan, T.B., Dorr, J.V., Shelton, J.S., Osterstock, R., Dempsey, W.J., Reese, J.R., and Moore, F., 1951, Geologic and total-intensity aeromagnetic map in the vicinity of Eureka, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-44, 1 Plate: 20.46 x 12.56 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5144.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 20.46 x 12.56 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416830,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7884.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":83897,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0044/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Eureka","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.021,\n 39.542\n ],\n [\n -116.021,\n 39.497\n ],\n [\n -115.917,\n 39.497\n ],\n [\n -115.917,\n 39.542\n ],\n [\n -116.021,\n 39.542\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, Thomas B.","contributorId":102477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorr, J. V.N. II","contributorId":68807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorr","given":"J.","suffix":"II","middleInitial":"V.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shelton, J. S.","contributorId":57922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osterstock, R.W.","contributorId":68381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterstock","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dempsey, W. J.","contributorId":90373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dempsey","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reese, J. R.","contributorId":8917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, Fred","contributorId":57138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70178272,"text":"70178272 - 1951 - Assigned quadrangle names in the United States and its territories and island possessions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T13:01:05","indexId":"70178272","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Assigned quadrangle names in the United States and its territories and island possessions","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70178272","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1951, Assigned quadrangle names in the United States and its territories and island possessions (First edition), 415 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70178272.","productDescription":"415 p.","numberOfPages":"419","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":330917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330926,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70178272/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"First edition","publicComments":"Prepared by Plans and Estimates Section, Plans and Coordination Branch, Topographic Division","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58259566e4b01fad86db2445"} ,{"id":3019,"text":"wsp1000 - 1951 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Santa Maria Valley area, California, with a section on surface-water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T18:26:31.999187","indexId":"wsp1000","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1000","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Santa Maria Valley area, California, with a section on surface-water resources","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1000","usgsCitation":"Worts, G., and Thomasson, H.G., 1951, Geology and ground-water resources of the Santa Maria Valley area, California, with a section on surface-water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1000, Report: vi, 169 p.; 6 Plates: 34.50 x 56.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1000.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 169 p.; 6 Plates: 34.50 x 56.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415583,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24193.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":29848,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1000/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29847,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1000/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29846,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1000/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29845,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1000/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29844,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1000/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29849,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1000/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29843,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1000/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139460,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1000/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Maria Valley area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.667,\n 35.047\n ],\n [\n -120.667,\n 34.825\n ],\n [\n -120.167,\n 34.825\n ],\n [\n -120.167,\n 35.047\n ],\n [\n -120.667,\n 35.047\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worts, George Frank","contributorId":100830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worts","given":"George Frank","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomasson, H. G. Jr.","contributorId":84343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomasson","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000228,"text":"1000228 - 1951 - Status of the lake trout fishery in Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T16:23:41.920026","indexId":"1000228","displayToPublicDate":"1951-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of the lake trout fishery in Lake Superior","docAbstract":"The production of lake trout in the United States waters of Lake Superior was low (only 1,465,000 pounds) in 1879, the first year for which there is a record. Expansion of the fishery must have started soon thereafter, for the take was 3,488,000 pounds in 1885, the next year for which we have statistics, and averaged 3,416,000 pounds in 1885–1892. The years after 1892 can be divided readily into three general periods with average yields as follows: 1893–1907–4,599,000 pounds; 1908–1925–2,168,000 pounds; 1926–1949–3,049,000 pounds. A take of 3 million pounds can be held as “normal” in the modern fishery. During the three periods just listed the percentage contributions of the individual states to the United States total (as computed from the averages for individual periods) ranged from 65.1 to 71.5 for Michigan, 17.5 to 25.6 for Wisconsin, and from 9.3 to 11.0 for Minnesota.
In the Canadian (Province of Ontario) waters of Lake Superior the average annual output of lake trout rose from 309,000 pounds in 1871–1882 to 900,000 pounds in 1883–1893, 1,567,000 pounds in 1894–1903, and 2,189,000 pounds in 1904–1918. This last period of relatively high yield was followed by two intervals of successively lower average catches–1,691,000 pounds in 1919–1929 and 1,395,000 pounds in 1930–1949.
For the combined United States and Canadian waters of Lake Superior the general trends in the production of lake trout can be described by the following averages: 1879–1,653,000 pounds: 1885–1892–4,325,000 pounds; 1893–1907–6,236,000 pounds; 1908–1949–4,403,000 pounds.
The short‐term fluctuations of production during the more recent years give evidence of periodicity in the output of lake trout in Michigan, Ontario, and in the entire lake. Furthermore, these periodic fluctuations tended to be similar in Michigan and Ontario waters. The coefficient of correlation (r) between production in Michigan and Ontario in 1920–1949 (after elimination of trend in the statistics for both areas) had the significant value of 0.456. This correlation suggests that Michigan and Ontario fishermen exploit a common stock or stocks subject to similar fluctuations.
Statistics on the production of lake trout in 5 of the 6 statistical districts of the State of Michigan waters of Lake Superior (see Fig. 2 for boundaries of the districts) in 1885 suggest that in most areas the fishery was then in the process of development. Even in 1891–1908 when the general level of production was high, there is evidence that during certain periods the catch in some areas was influenced strongly by factors (such as accessibility to market) other than the natural productivity of the waters. Comparisons of the average annual output of lake trout in the individual districts in 1891–1908 and 1929–1943 (the base period for our modern statistical analysis) reveal an enormous decrease in the Whitefish Bay region (S‐6) from 916,000 pounds in 1891–1908 to only 177,000 pounds in 1929–1943, a substantial drop (from 655,000 pounds to 385,000 pounds) in the Marquette‐Munising area (S‐4), and a small decrease (from 141,000 pounds to 138,000 pounds) in the Black River‐Ontonagon district (S‐2). Among the remaining districts the average yearly take increased from 322,000 pounds in 1891–1908 to 354,000 pounds in 1929–1943 at Isle Royal (S‐1), from 428,000 pounds to 501,000 pounds in the Grand Marais district (S‐5), and from 422,000 pounds to 506,000 pounds in the Keweenaw area (S‐3). These changes in the catch resulted in a westward shifting of production centers. Districts S‐1, S‐2, and S‐3 which together contributed only 30.7 percent of the 1891–1908 catch accounted for 48.4 percent of the take in 1929–1943.
The 1929–1949 production in all districts exhibited periodic fluctuations that were characterized by peaks in the middle 1930ˈs and middle 1940ˈs.
The indices of abundance or availability as computed from records of the catch of lake trout per unit of fishing effort showed periodic fluctuations in all districts of the State of Michigan waters similar to those of production (the peaks and the intervening minima fell a little earlier in the curves of abundance than in the production curves). For the combined districts the abundance of lake trout, expressed as a percentage of the 1929–1943 mean, stood at 108 in 1929, dropped to 100 in 1931, rose to a 21‐year high of 137 in 1934, decreased to 80 in 1940, increased again to 107 in 1944 and then fell to the 21‐year low of 65 in 1949 (this last decline was interrupted by a small increase in 1947).
The 1929–1949 fluctuations in abundance were similar in the 5 mainland districts (S‐2 through S‐6). The coefficients of correlation (r) were significant for all 10 pairings and those for the 4 easterly districts (S‐3 through S‐6) were extremely high (p < 0.001 for all 6 values). Thus we have evidence that the fishermen along the mainland exploit common stocks or stocks in which the factors controlling availability are the same or subject to closely similar fluctuations. The fluctuations in abundance in S‐1 were correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with those in S‐2 but otherwise appeared to be independent of conditions along the mainland.
The distinctly cyclic fluctuations that characterized the statistics on production and abundance were much less apparent in the 1929–1949 data on fishing intensity in the State of Michigan districts. In districts S‐3, S‐4, and S‐5 a possible tendency toward a cyclic fluctuation seems to have been obscured by a long‐term upward trend that was becoming stronger toward the end of the 21‐year period. For the combined districts the level of fishing pressure was consistently high after 1943. Over the 6‐year period, 1944–1949, fishing intensity expressed as a percentage of the 1929–1943 mean averaged 142; for the most recent 4 years, 1946–1949 the average intensity index was 151.
On the whole, the 1929–1949 production of lake trout in the State of Michigan waters of Lake Superior was unreliable as an indicator of changes in abundance. The coefficient of correlation between the fluctuations of catch and abundance was, to be sure, positive and significant in S‐1 (p < 0.05) and S‐6 (p < 0.01), but in the remaining districts and for the combined districts the values of the coefficient were far below the level of significance.
The failure of production to serve better as an indicator of changes in abundance can be attributed to the negative correlation that existed between abundance and fishing intensity (values of r highly significant in every district but S‐6 and for the combined districts). The relationship suggests that fishermen have increased their fishing pressure in order to maintain their production during the recent years of declining abundance.
The condition of the lake trout fishery of the State of Michigan waters of Lake Superior must be termed unhealthy and the outlook for the future is not good. Production in 1949 stood at 106 percent of the 1929–1943 mean, but this level of yield was made possible only by fishing intensity that was 162 percent of average; the abundance index in 1949 was only 65. Certainly the stocks of lake trout are in a poor state to withstand the threatened inroads of sea lampreys which have been taken from all parts of Lake Superior and are known to have established spawning runs at least as far west as the Keweenaw Peninsula.