Liberty County is in the Gulf Coastal Plain of southeastern Texas in the second tier of counties back from the Gulf. The geologic formations discussed in this report in upward sequence consist of the Oakville sandstone of Miocene age and the Lagarto clay of Miocene (?) age, the Willis sand of Pliocene (?) age, and the Lissie formation and Beaumont clay of Pleistocene age. The rocks of these formations crop out in belts roughly parallel to the Gulf shore and dip southeastward. As one travels across San Jacinto and Liberty Counties from northwest to southeast the belts of outcrop are traversed in the above order, beginning with the 0akville sandstone and Lagarto clay. The land surface slopes southeastward toward the Gulf at a rate less than the dip of the rocks; consequently artesian conditions exist in all parts of the county. The valley of the Trinity River is well known for its flowing weds, which range from 100 to 808 feet in depth. Most of the ground water used in the county is obtained from wells ranging in depth from 350 to about 1,000 feet and is drawn from the Lissie formation. Wells yielding 1,000 to 3,500 gallons a minute and ranging from 740 to 1,030 feet in depth have been developed for rice irrigation in the North Dayton area, in the southwestern part of the county. These wells draw water mostly from sands in the Lissie formation, but most of them are also screened in overlying thinner sands in the Beaumont clay. The municipal water supplies of Liberty, Cleveland, Dayton, and Diasetta are obtained from wells ranging from 350 to 833 feet in depth with reported yields of 300 to 350 gallons a minute. Most of the wells in the rural areas are less than 50 feet in depth and furnish small supplies of water for domestic use and for stock. Such supplies can be obtained almost anywhere in the county from shallow wells in the Lissie and Beaumont formations or in alluvial deposits. The average daily withdrawal of ground water for irrigation, public supply, and industrial use is estimated to have been about 7,500,000 gallons in 1944, distributed as follows: irrigation, 6,780,000 gallons; public supply, 325,000 gallons; and industrial use, 395,000 gallons.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1079A","usgsCitation":"Alexander, W.H., and Breeding, S.D., 1950, Ground-water resources of Liberty County, Texas, with a section on Stream runoff: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1079, iv, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1079A.","productDescription":"iv, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"65","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1079a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25411,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1079a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649cc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, Walter H. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1085","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1950, Surface water supply of the United States, 1947, Part V, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1085, xii, 479 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1085.","productDescription":"xii, 479 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1085/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25173,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69686b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68738,"text":"oc37 - 1950 - Stratigraphy of the Upper Devonian Wiscoy sandstone and the equivalent Hanover shale in western and central New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:33","indexId":"oc37","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":328,"text":"Oil and Gas Investigation Chart","code":"OC","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"37","title":"Stratigraphy of the Upper Devonian Wiscoy sandstone and the equivalent Hanover shale in western and central New York","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/oc37","usgsCitation":"Pepper, J., and De Witt, W., 1950, Stratigraphy of the Upper Devonian Wiscoy sandstone and the equivalent Hanover shale in western and central New York: U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigation Chart 37, 1 map.; 2 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/oc37.","productDescription":"1 map.; 2 sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104825,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5194.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5194"},{"id":191476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"25440","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.5,42 ], [ -79.5,43 ], [ -77,43 ], [ -77,42 ], [ -79.5,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a56c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pepper, James F.","contributorId":10086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pepper","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Witt, Wallace Jr.","contributorId":87521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Witt","given":"Wallace","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":612,"text":"wsp1088 - 1950 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1947, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:08","indexId":"wsp1088","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1088","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1947, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1083","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1950, Surface water supply of the United States, 1947, Part III, Ohio River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1083, xiii, 722 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1083.","productDescription":"xiii, 722 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1083/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25171,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1083/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69687d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71165,"text":"tei61 - 1950 - Reconnaissance for trace elements in North Dakota and eastern Montana. Part 1. Geology and radioactivity. Part 2. Reserves and summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T14:15:50","indexId":"tei61","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"61","title":"Reconnaissance for trace elements in North Dakota and eastern Montana. Part 1. Geology and radioactivity. Part 2. Reserves and summary","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance for sources of radioactive material in North Dakota and eastern Montana was made in 1948. This reconnaissance was followed by a more detailed survey of parts of Golden Valley and Slope counties, southwestern North Dakota, in June 1949.
\nThe radioactivity of representative sections of all formations known to be exposed in the area and of three manganiferous spring deposits was determined with portable Geiger-Mueller counters. At 86 localities 82 samples were taken of these formations and also of 10 ground and surface waters.
\nOnly the lignites in the upper part of the Sentinel Butte member of the Fort Union formation in the southwestern part of N. Dak. contained more than 0.005 per cent equivalent to U3O8 . The ground and surface waters tested were for the most part non-radioactive. Water sample number 291 from locality 100, however, contained 0.17 parts per million U3O8.
\nThe radioactive lignites of N. Dak. appear to be limited to the higher buttes, such as Sentinel, Flat Top (Square Top), Bullion, H-T(Black), and White(Chalky) Buttes. One to five lignite beds are found in a 90-foot stratigraphic interval near the top of the Sentinel Butte member of the Fort Union formation, and from about 40 to 140 feet beneath the base of the overlying White River formation. The thickness of the beds ranges from a few inches to over six feet. The nomenclature, and therefore correct correlation, of all the beds above the middle part of the Sentinel Butte member is in doubt. The lignites and associated sand and clay beds are believed to be either equivalent to, or close to the base of, the Eocene Golden Valley formation.
\nThe exact mode of origin of the uranium in the lignite is not known. Uranium may have accumulated in swamps at the same time as the organic debris, or it may have been introduced by ground water after the formation of lignite. In either case carbon or carbon compounds apparently caused the precipitation or fixation of uranium. Further work is needed to determine the origin of this type of uranium deposit.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei61","usgsCitation":"Wyant, D., and Beroni, E.P., 1950, Reconnaissance for trace elements in North Dakota and eastern Montana. Part 1. Geology and radioactivity. Part 2. 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