A burning bituminous coal waste-bank at Mather, PA was studied in order to determine if trace elements are being released into the environment in substantial concentrations. Samples of the minerals forming on the surface of the bank, the gases escaping from vents, and the water and sediment from a nearby stream were analyzed to determine the presence of these elements.
The output of trace elements from the Mather bank, as is evidenced by the minerals forming on the surface, is relatively low compared to the output from actively burning anthracite culm-banks.
Copper was the only element of potential environmental significance found accumulating on the Mather bank. However, the sediment in the vicinity of the bank and the waters immediately downstream did not have anomolously high concentrations of copper.
Relatively high concentrations of arsenic were found in the organic matter at the base of the bank but no evidence of high As values were found downstream.
No potentially toxic elements, other than sulfur, were detected in the gases being emitted from the culm-bank.
Because of the quiescent condition of the Mather culm-bank the question of the fate of trace elements released in the burning process remains unanswered.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78864","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., 1978, Release of trace elements from a burning bituminous culm bank: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-864, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78864.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":500182,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0864/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142752,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0864/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db63444f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, Robert B.","contributorId":85951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11435,"text":"ofr78413 - 1978 - Hydrologic data for the Copper Basin area, a potential mining area in Yavapai County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-15T21:42:15.73389","indexId":"ofr78413","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-413","title":"Hydrologic data for the Copper Basin area, a potential mining area in Yavapai County, Arizona","docAbstract":"Large low-grade ore bodies have been discovered in Copper Basin, and a large copper-mining operation is anticipated in the near future. Hydrologic data are being collected to provide the data base necessary to determine the effects of a potential mining operation on the water resources of the area. The area of potential depletion or contamination of water supplies is the 50-square-mile alluvial slope downgradient from Copper Basin. In the Copper Basin area the streams generally are dry, except for the perennial flow in a 3-mile-long reach of Kirkland Creek, where the base flow ranges from about 1 to 3 cubic feet per second.
The water in the alluvium, which is more than 1,000 feet thick in places, generally is under unconfined conditions. The direction of ground-water movement is generally southwesterly toward Skull Valley Wash and Kirkland Creek. The depth to water in wells ranges from less than 10 to 675 feet below the land surface. Near the center of the area, test wells penetrate a clay confining bed at the base of the alluvium and an underlying sequence of volcanic rocks, which is more than 1,000 feet thick and contains water under confined conditions.
Pump tests indicate that the confining bed forms a barrier between the water in the alluvium and the water in the volcanic rocks and that, initially, pumping from the volcanic rocks would not affect the water level in the alluvium. The areal extent of the volcanic sequence is not known.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78413","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Thomsen, B.W., and Stulik, R., 1978, Hydrologic data for the Copper Basin area, a potential mining area in Yavapai County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-413, Report: vi, 51 p.; 1 Plate: 34.88 x 45.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78413.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 51 p.; 1 Plate: 34.88 x 45.93 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413108,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0413/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0413/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413107,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0413/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United 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W.","contributorId":39768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomsen","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stulik, R.S.","contributorId":51749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stulik","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":46197,"text":"ofr78558I - 1978 - Map showing geochemical distribution and abundance of copper in stream sediments and heavy mineral concentrates, Talkeetna Mountains quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-05T18:24:35.473485","indexId":"ofr78558I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-558","chapter":"I","title":"Map showing geochemical distribution and abundance of copper in stream sediments and heavy mineral concentrates, Talkeetna Mountains quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78558I","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.J., Curtin, G., and Csejtey, B., 1978, Map showing geochemical distribution and abundance of copper in stream sediments and heavy mineral concentrates, Talkeetna Mountains quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-558, 1 Plate: 37.60 × 35.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78558I.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 37.60 × 35.40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":83165,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0558i/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":404884,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74881.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Talkeetna Mountains quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 62\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a86b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. J.","contributorId":9225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curtin, G.C.","contributorId":89501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Csejtey, Bela Jr.","contributorId":61008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Csejtey","given":"Bela","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6345,"text":"pp907E - 1978 - The Potential for Prophyry Copper-Molybdenum Deposits in the Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"pp907E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"907","chapter":"E","title":"The Potential for Prophyry Copper-Molybdenum Deposits in the Eastern United States","docAbstract":"Several significant porphyry-type deposits of Paleozoic age are known in New England and eastern Canada. Disseminated copper-molybdenum deposits of Paleozoic age are in the Southeastern United States, and copper is produced from porphyry-type deposits of both Precambrian and Paleozoic age in eastern Canada. Although these old deposits are surely less abundant than those in Cenozoic and Tertiary porphyry belts, the known Precrambrian and Paleozoic deposits in Eastern North America appear to be valid exploration targets. The difficult of 'prospecting in drift-covered and saprolite-mantled terrains suggests that all such deposits probably have not been discovered. Although such deposits are more costly to discover in this region than a massive sulfide deposit, the total amount of copper in even a medium-sized porphyry copper deposit is much greater than in most massive sulfide deposits.\r\n\r\nThis report summarizes current knowledge of porphyry copper-molybdenum-type deposits in the Eastern United States and suggests more favorable areas for mineral exploration. Selected Canadian deposits are discussed because of their bearing on planning exploration in this country.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp907E","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, R.G., 1978, The Potential for Prophyry Copper-Molybdenum Deposits in the Eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 907, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp907E.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0907e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33696,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0907e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,42 ], [ -75,45 ], [ -65,45 ], [ -65,42 ], [ -75,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67adb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Robert Gordon","contributorId":39355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38628,"text":"pp1017 - 1978 - Ore deposits of the Gilman District, Eagle County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:36","indexId":"pp1017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1017","title":"Ore deposits of the Gilman District, Eagle County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Gilman mining district, known also in the past as the Red Cliff district, is in the mountains of southeastern Eagle County, west-central Colorado. The district is the leading source of zinc in Colorado and one of the major base-metal mining districts in the State. As valued at the time of production, total output of zinc, silver, copper, lead, and gold through 1972 was about $328 million. About 90 percent of this total was produced after 1930. \r\n\r\nThe productive part of the district is an area of about 3 square miles (7.8 square kilometers) on the northeast side of the deep canyon of the Eagle River between the small towns of Gilman and Red Cliff. The ore deposits are principally replacement deposits in dolomites of Mississippian and Devonian age and in quartzite of Cambrian age. A few productive veins occur in Precambrian rocks. The replacement deposits crop out in the cliffs of the canyon wall and extend northeastward downdip beneath Battle Mountain, which is composed of a thick sequence of Pennsylvanian clastic rocks. The deposits were originally worked through several separate mines along the canyon wall, but since 1918, all deposits in dolomite rocks, except some small ones near Red Cliff, have been worked through the Eagle mine of the New Jersey Zinc Company at Gilman. \r\n\r\nThe Gilman district lies on the eastern flank of the huge anticline of the Sawatch Range, near the steeply plunging north end of the anticline. Sedimentary rocks on the flank of this part of the anticline dip homoclinally northeastward to a synclinal axis about 8 mi (miles) (13 km (kilometers> northeast of Gilman and then rise more steeply to the Gore fault at the edge of the Gore Range. The homocline is broken by only a few faults most of which have displacements of less than 100 ft (feet) (30 m (meters>. In contrast, the underlying Precambrian rocks are broken by numerous faults and shear zones related to the Homestake shear zone, a northeast-trending master shear zone several miles wide. Fractures and shear zones along the northwest side of the master zone extend beneath the Gilman district. \r\n\r\nThe Gilman district is at the northwestern edge of the northeast-trending Colorado mineral belt as defined by mineralized areas and bodies of intrusive porphyries. Neighboring mining districts in the mineral belt to the southeast of Gilman are the Kokomo lead-zinc district, 13 mi (21 km) distant; the Climax molybdenum district, 16 mi (26 km) distant; and the Leadville district, 20 mi (32 km) distant. These districts, as well as others farther away, are characterized by abundant intrusive rocks of Laramide and middle Tertiary ages and by complex faults systems. The Gilman district, in contrast, contains only a single sill of porphyry and has very simple geologic structure. This probably reflects a position either at the side of or high above a batholith that is inferred from geologic and geophysical data to underlie the mineral belt at shallow depth. \r\n\r\nThe rock column preserved in the district consists, in succession downward, of (1) grit, conglomerate, sandstone, and shale of the Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation, as much as 6,300 ft (1,920 m) thick; (2) shale, limestone, and. sandstone of the Pennsylvanian Belden Formation, 200 ft (61 m) thick; (3) a sill of quartz latite porphyry of the Cretaceous Pando Porphyry about 80 ft (24 m) thick intruded in the basal shale of the Belden Formation; (4) dolomitized limestone of the Mississippian Leadville Dolomite, 110-140 ft (34-43 m) thick; (5) sandstone and sandy and cherty dolomite of the Mississippian or Devonian Gilman Sandstone, 15-50 ft (4.5-15 m) thick; (6) thin-bedded primary or diagenetic dolomite of the Mississippian(?) and Devonian Dyer Dolomite, 50-80 ft (15-24 m) thick; (7) quartzite, conglomerate, and green shale of the Devonian Parting Formation, 35-50 ft (11-15 m) thick; (8) sandstone and shale of the Ordovician Harding Sandstone, 14-80 ft (4.2-24 m) thick; (9) shaly and sandy dolomite and dolom","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1017","usgsCitation":"Lovering, T.S., Tweto, O., and Lovering, T., 1978, Ore deposits of the Gilman District, Eagle County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1017, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1017.","productDescription":"90 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1017/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65451,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1017/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65452,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdec4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovering, T. S.","contributorId":108085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovering","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tweto, Ogden","contributorId":52939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tweto","given":"Ogden","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovering, T.G.","contributorId":55014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovering","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10284,"text":"ofr78814 - 1978 - Manganese nodule resources in the northeastern equatorial Pacific","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10284,"text":"ofr78814 - 1978 - Manganese nodule resources in the northeastern equatorial Pacific","indexId":"ofr78814","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Manganese nodule resources in the northeastern equatorial Pacific"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047905,"text":"70047905 - 1979 - Manganese nodule resources in the northeastern equatorial Pacific","indexId":"70047905","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Manganese nodule resources in the northeastern equatorial Pacific"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047905,"text":"70047905 - 1979 - Manganese nodule resources in the northeastern equatorial Pacific","indexId":"70047905","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Manganese nodule resources in the northeastern equatorial Pacific"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-29T19:42:46.012325","indexId":"ofr78814","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-814","title":"Manganese nodule resources in the northeastern equatorial Pacific","docAbstract":"Recent publication of maps at a scale of 1:1,000,000 of the northeastern equatorial Pacific region showing publicly available information on the nickel-plus-copper content of manganese nodules has made it possible to delineate the limits of the prime area between the Clarion and Clipperton fracture zones which has been the focus of several recent scientific and commercial studies. The area, defined as that in which the nodules contain more than 1.8 percent nickel plus copper, is about 2.5 million square kilometers in size, and about half of it is assumed to contain nodules in concentrations greater than 5 kg/m2 and averaging 11.9 kg/m2. Assuming that 20 percent of the nodules in this area of 1.25 million square kilometers would be recoverable, its potentially recoverable resources are about 2.1 billion dry metric tons of nodules averaging about 25 percent Mn, 1.3 percent Ni, 1 percent Cu, 0.22 percent Co, and 0.05 percent Mo--enough to support about 27 mining operations each producing an average of 75 million metric tons of nodules over their lifetimes. Estimates based on other plausible assumptions would be higher or lower, but of the same order of magnitude. Thus it seems probable that the magnitude of the potentially recoverable nodule resources of the Clarion-Clipperton prime area--the most promising now known--is at most in the range of several tens of the average-size operations postulated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78814","usgsCitation":"McKelvey, V., Wright, N.A., and Rowland, R.W., 1978, Manganese nodule resources in the northeastern equatorial Pacific: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-814, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78814.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425091,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0814/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143391,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0814/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ae2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKelvey, V.E.","contributorId":85161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKelvey","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Nancy A.","contributorId":28586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland, Robert W.","contributorId":42200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70232577,"text":"70232577 - 1978 - Differentiation of the sulfides in the Basal Zone of the Stillwater Complex, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T14:56:15.485828","indexId":"70232577","displayToPublicDate":"1978-07-01T09:47:41","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiation of the sulfides in the Basal Zone of the Stillwater Complex, Montana","docAbstract":"Chemical leaching and analysis of the sulflde portion of rocks from a section of the Basal zone of the Stillwater Complex demonstrate that mole fractions of nickel, copper, cobalt, and sulfur in the sulfldes show trends and repeating patterns when plotted against stratigraphic position. These patterns are attributed to differentiation of immiscible sulflde liquids probably in response to differentiation of basaltic magma. Changes in composition of the immiscible sulflde liquids could most readily take place during the collection of the sulflde from the basaltic magma or during the crystallization of the sulflde liquid to the present assemblages of minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Page, N.J., and Simon, F., 1978, Differentiation of the sulfides in the Basal Zone of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 4, p. 473-482.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"482","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue4/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Stillwater Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.19860839843749,\n 45.07739974122637\n ],\n [\n -109.0338134765625,\n 45.25555527789205\n ],\n [\n -110.16540527343749,\n 45.729191061299915\n ],\n [\n -110.55541992187499,\n 45.694669843547246\n ],\n [\n -110.4840087890625,\n 45.47939202177826\n ],\n [\n -109.19860839843749,\n 45.07739974122637\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Norman J.","contributorId":46492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, F.O.","contributorId":41808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"F.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012585,"text":"70012585 - 1978 - Lithium, a preliminary survey of its mineral occurrence in flint clay and related rock types in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T15:08:41.967755","indexId":"70012585","displayToPublicDate":"1978-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1505,"text":"Energy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithium, a preliminary survey of its mineral occurrence in flint clay and related rock types in the United States","docAbstract":"Maximum concentrations of lithium found in samples of flint clay and associated rocks of Pennsylvanian age in different States, in parts per million (ppm), are: Missouri, 5100; Pennsylvania-Maryland, 2100; Kentucky, 890; Ohio, 660; Alabama, 750; and Illinois, 160. Lithium-bearing kaolin deposits are distributed in the Coastal Plain province from New Jersey to Texas, and one occurs in Idaho; maximum lithium concentrations in samples from these deposits range from 64 to 180 ppm. The maximum concentration found in the Arkansas bauxite region is 460 ppm and that in flint clay in Colorado is 370 ppm. Samples from areas other than Pennsylvania, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri are relatively few in number, represent mostly commercially valuable clays, and represent only a part of the refractory clay deposits in the United States. Data are not available on the clays associated with these deposits that may be unusable because they contain too much lithium as well as other deleterious elements. In both Pennsylvania and Missouri, lithium contents vary regionally between districts and locally between deposits.
In samples containing more than 2000 ppm lithium, the lithium occurs in a dioctahedral chlorite mineral very similar to cookeite, which previously has not been recognized in sedimentary clays. The associated clays consist chiefly of well-crystallized kaolinite. The dioctahedral chlorite, however, seems to be most abundant where diaspore and boehmite occur along with the kaolinite. Barium, chromium, copper, phosphorus and strontium are present in some samples in amounts of several hundred pans per million or more, and may contribute to the failure of some clays to perform satisfactorily in firing tests.
Lithium-rich clays could serve as a significant lithium resource in the very distant future. Clays that contain as much as 1% lithium may be common enough in Missouri or in Pennsylvania to be produced as a by-product to help support benefication costs for refractory clays. Sufficient amounts of lithium-rich clay may be found in deposits that have been explored, found unsatisfactory for normal refractory uses, and not developed. The lithium-rich clay in some deposits presently being worked may be worth stockpiling for eventual use.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0360-5442(78)90022-1","usgsCitation":"Tourtelot, H., and Brenner-Tourtelot, E.F., 1978, Lithium, a preliminary survey of its mineral occurrence in flint clay and related rock types in the United States: Energy, v. 3, no. 3, p. 263-272, https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(78)90022-1.","productDescription":"10 pp.","startPage":"263","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -130.67138671875,\n 54.686534234529695\n ],\n [\n -129.9462890625,\n 55.36662484928637\n ],\n [\n -130.1220703125,\n 56.145549500679074\n ],\n [\n -131.9677734375,\n 56.9449741808516\n ],\n [\n 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F.","contributorId":103672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner-Tourtelot","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232939,"text":"70232939 - 1978 - Factors contributing to the formation of ferromanganese nodules in Oneida Lake, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T16:24:29.217922","indexId":"70232939","displayToPublicDate":"1978-03-01T11:20:03","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors contributing to the formation of ferromanganese nodules in Oneida Lake, New York","docAbstract":"Oneida Lake is a large, shallow, eutrophic lake situated in the Ontario lowlands of central New York State. It contains the most concentrated deposit of freshwater ferromanganese nodules (in terms of amount per unit area) yet reported in the literature. The mineralogy and bulk chemistry of these saucer-shaped nodules are similar to the mineralogy and bulk chemistry of deep-sea ferromanganese nodules, but the nodules in Oneida Lake contain considerably lower concentrations of trace metals, especially cobalt, nickel, and copper. Budgets for iron and manganese in waters from Oneida Lake and its tributaries indicate that approximately 122 t (metric tons) of iron and 23 t of manganese are lost each year from the lake waters, presumably by incorporation into sediments and ferromanganese nodules. Estimates based on nodule abundance and age of the lake suggest that iron and manganese are being incorporated into ferromanganese nodules at rates of 13 and 22 t/yr, respectively. Most iron lost from the lake waters is apparently incorporated into sediments, which contain an average of 10 times more iron than manganese. Most manganese lost from the lake waters is apparently incorporated into ferromanganese nodules, which contain an average of 1.7 times more manganese than iron. In Oneida Lake, very high rates of phytoplankton productivity, combined with almost continuous wind mixing to the bottom, provide high-pH and high-Eh conditions in most of the lake. Algae also provide an effective means of concentrating and transporting iron and manganese and thereby aid in the extensive development of ferromanganese nodule deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., and Ghosh, S., 1978, Factors contributing to the formation of ferromanganese nodules in Oneida Lake, New York: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 2, p. 231-240.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"240","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403651,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403650,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue2/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Oneida Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.13800048828125,\n 43.137069765760344\n ],\n [\n -75.72052001953125,\n 43.137069765760344\n ],\n [\n -75.72052001953125,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -76.13800048828125,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -76.13800048828125,\n 43.137069765760344\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghosh, Swapan","contributorId":293157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghosh","given":"Swapan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233086,"text":"70233086 - 1978 - Implications of the petrochemistry of palladium at Iron Canyon, Lander County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T16:51:02.914651","indexId":"70233086","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T11:42:30","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of the petrochemistry of palladium at Iron Canyon, Lander County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Approximately one-half of the 270 samples from the Iron Canyon area, Nevada, analyzed for platinum-group metals, contain measurable amounts of palladium in the 0.001- to 0.02-part per million range with an average of 0.0034 ppm. The rocks include lower Paleozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks, Tertiary granitic porphyries, and breccia, all of which exhibit various degrees of hydrothermal alteration. Fault-related iron oxides and vein quartz are also present. The area lies astride the outermost fringes of the zone of dispersed alteration visible in outcrops around the middle Tertiary porphyry-copper system at Copper Canyon, Nevada. At Iron Canyon, the palladium concentrations greater than 0.003 ppm seem to be spatially related to the Butte fault zone, a north-striking fault system active during the time of porphyry-type mineralization. Palladium contents vary directly with those of mercury, arsenic, strontium, silver, lanthanum, and boron, as well as with lead, gold, and copper in obviously metallized rocks. This relation probably reflects the mobility of palladium during porphyry-type mineralization. However, our study failed to document conclusively the overall introduction of palladium during mineralization. Among the likely sources of palladium are the lower Paleozoic volcanic rocks or fluids equilibrated with magma (s) associated with the middle Tertiary porphyries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Page, N.J., and Theodore, T., 1978, Implications of the petrochemistry of palladium at Iron Canyon, Lander County, Nevada: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 1, p. 107-114.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"114","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Lander County","otherGeospatial":"Iron Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.26257324218749,\n 40.500225211369\n ],\n [\n -117.01812744140625,\n 40.500225211369\n ],\n [\n -117.01812744140625,\n 40.70875101828792\n ],\n [\n -117.26257324218749,\n 40.70875101828792\n ],\n [\n -117.26257324218749,\n 40.500225211369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Norman J.","contributorId":46492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theodore, Ted G.","contributorId":57840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodore","given":"Ted G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233069,"text":"70233069 - 1978 - Porphyry copper exploration model for northern Sonora, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T16:02:22.246142","indexId":"70233069","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T10:57:26","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Porphyry copper exploration model for northern Sonora, Mexico","docAbstract":"The regional tectonic pattern of the porphyry copper province of northern Sonora, Mexico, is similar to, but more complex than, the Colorado mineral belt. Four northeast-trending shear zones, spaced at 30- to 50-kilometer intervals from Hermosillo, Mexico, north to Nogales, Mexico, are interpreted from analysis of lineament data from Landsat-1 images. From comparison with other areas, these zones are believed to have Precambrian ancestry. North-northwest-trending lineaments, which commonly occur along range fronts, are interpreted to be the principal basin and range faults. North-south- and west-northwest-trending lineaments are believed to be related to lesser faults and fractures. Areas of hydrothermal alteration have been mapped on a regional scale by use of digital image-processing techniques. These altered areas occur on the flanks of the northeast-trending shear zones, generally near intersections with north-northwest-trending lineaments. This tectonic framework with associated alteration is similar to patterns in the Colorado Plateau, the porphyry copper province of Arizona, and central Mexico and is supported by relationships found in limited local mapping. The pattern of northeast-trending shear zones and north-northwest-trending faults in northern Sonora closely resembles the tectonic framework of the Colorado mineral belt. The younger sedimentary and volcanic cover, however, has not been eroded in Sonora as it has been in the Colorado mineral belt. This comparison with the Colorado mineral belt suggests that mineral deposits are most likely to be found in altered areas where a northeast-trending shear zone is intersected by north-northwest-trending faults. Seven areas with these characteristics have been defined in Sonora and are being evaluated by means of regional geophysical and geochemical data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., 1978, Porphyry copper exploration model for northern Sonora, Mexico: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 1, p. 51-58.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"58","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403816,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Sonora","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.5,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 29.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, Gary L.","contributorId":48162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":46558,"text":"ofr7873C - 1978 - Map showing copper determined by atomic absorption in stream sediments, Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T20:56:05.457745","indexId":"ofr7873C","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-73","chapter":"C","title":"Map showing copper determined by atomic absorption in stream sediments, Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7873C","usgsCitation":"Koch, R.D., Elliott, R.L., and Diggles, M.J., 1978, Map showing copper determined by atomic absorption in stream sediments, Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-73, 1 Plate: 37.56 x 35.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7873C.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 37.56 x 35.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171465,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414925,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14854.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":83497,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0073c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -132,\n 56\n ],\n [\n -132,\n 54.5\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 54.5\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 56\n ],\n [\n -132,\n 56\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65da15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, Richard D. rkoch@usgs.gov","contributorId":4413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Richard","email":"rkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":233558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Raymond L.","contributorId":82667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diggles, M. J.","contributorId":102853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diggles","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012641,"text":"70012641 - 1978 - Determination of silver, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in geologic materials by atomic absorption spectrometry with tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T17:49:47.054281","indexId":"70012641","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of silver, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in geologic materials by atomic absorption spectrometry with tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride","docAbstract":"Interferences commonly encountered in the determination of silver, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc at crustal abundance levels are effectively eliminated using a rapid, sensitive, organic extraction technique. A potassium chlorate-hydrochloric acid digestion solubilizes the metals not tightly bound in the silicate lattice of rocks, soils, and stream sediments. The six metals are selectively extracted into a 10% Aliquat 336-MIBK organic phase in the presence of ascorbic acid and potassium iodide. Metals in the organic extract are determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry to the 0.02-ppm level for silver, cadmium, copper, and zinc and to the 0.2-ppm level for bismuth and lead with a maximum relative standard deviation of 18.8% for known reference samples. An additional hydrofluoric acid digestion may be used to determine metals substituted in the silicate lattice.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac50030a023","usgsCitation":"Viets, J.G., 1978, Determination of silver, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in geologic materials by atomic absorption spectrometry with tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride: Analytical Chemistry, v. 50, no. 8, p. 1097-1101, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50030a023.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1101","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffc6e4b0c8380cd4f3bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Viets, John G.","contributorId":84510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viets","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10513,"text":"ofr78130 - 1978 - The architecture of the porphyry-metal system as a prospecting stratagem in the Southern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-13T13:39:11.539377","indexId":"ofr78130","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-130","title":"The architecture of the porphyry-metal system as a prospecting stratagem in the Southern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"A model of the porphyry-metal system characteristic of the consanguineous Cretaceous and Tertiary igneous rocks and associated ores of the southern Rocky Mountains is constructed from the bits and pieces exposed in the Colorado mineral belt and the San Juan volcanic field. Hydrothermally altered rocks in a part of the areas of mineralized rock associated with the Platoro caldera are matched against the model, to locate and to characterize latent mineral deposits for optimal prospecting and exploration. The latent deposits are two stockwork molybdenite deposits (porphyry-molybdenum) and one or two copper-gold-silver chimney deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78130","usgsCitation":"Neuerburg, G.J., 1978, The architecture of the porphyry-metal system as a prospecting stratagem in the Southern Rocky Mountains: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-130, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78130.","productDescription":"33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0130/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38364,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0130/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuerburg, George J.","contributorId":103661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuerburg","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043278,"text":"70043278 - 1977 - Submarine faults and slides on the continental shelf, northern Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12910,"text":"ofr76294 - 1976 - Submarine faults and slides that disrupt surficial sedimentary units, northern Gulf of Alaska","indexId":"ofr76294","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Submarine faults and slides that disrupt surficial sedimentary units, northern Gulf of Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043278,"text":"70043278 - 1977 - Submarine faults and slides on the continental shelf, northern Gulf of Alaska","indexId":"70043278","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Submarine faults and slides on the continental shelf, northern Gulf of Alaska"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-09T18:53:59","indexId":"70043278","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2670,"text":"Marine Geotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine faults and slides on the continental shelf, northern Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"Submarine faults and slides or slumps of Quaternary age are potential environmental hazards on the outer continental shelf (OCS) of the northern Gulf of Alaska. Most faults that approach or reach the seafloor cut strata that may be equivalent in age to the upper Yakataga Formation (Pliocene‐Pleistocene). Along several faults, the seafloor is vertically offset from 5 to 20 m. A few faults appear to cut Holocene sediments, but none of these shows displacement at the seafloor. Submarine slides or slumps have been found in two places in the OCS region: (1) seaward of the Malaspina Glacier and Icy Bay, an area of 1200 km2 with a slope of less than 0.5°, and (2) across the entire span of the Copper river prodelta, an area of 1730 km2, having a slope of about 0.5°. Seismic profiles across these areas show disrupted reflectors and irregular topography commonly associated with submarine slides or slumps. Potential slide or slump areas have been delineated in areas of thick sediment accumulation and relatively steep slopes. These areas include (1) Kayak Trough, (2) parts of Hinchinbrook Entrance and Sea Valley, (3) parts of the outer shelf and upper slope between Kayak Island and Yakutat Bay, and (4) Bering Trough.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geotechnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/10641197709379784","usgsCitation":"Carlson, P.R., and Molnia, B.F., 1977, Submarine faults and slides on the continental shelf, northern Gulf of Alaska: Marine Geotechnology, v. 2, no. 1-4, p. 275-290, https://doi.org/10.1080/10641197709379784.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"290","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267161,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641197709379784"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51177e06e4b0893acf3fffd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Paul R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Molnia, Bruce F. bmolnia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"Bruce","email":"bmolnia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164403,"text":"70164403 - 1977 - Exploration geochemical studies of some sandstone copper-uranium deposits, Bradford, Columbia, and Lycoming Counties, Pa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T11:59:14","indexId":"70164403","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploration geochemical studies of some sandstone copper-uranium deposits, Bradford, Columbia, and Lycoming Counties, Pa","docAbstract":"Semi-quantitative spectrographic analyses of mineralized and unmineralized sandstone, siltstone, and claystone from the Catskill Formation of Devonian age in Bradford, Columbia, and Lycoming Counties, Pa., suggest that copper, silver, and uranium are the principal metallic elements concentrated in the mineralized rock. Lead, mercury, and molybdenum may be concentrated slightly in mineralized rock but values are too low to be of use in exploration. The deposits are too small to make large anomalies in stream sediments except in drainage basins of less than a few acres. However, if a large deposit were exposed to weathering, it would probably be detectable by stream sediment sampling. Analyses of oxalic acid leachates of the minus 80-mesh fraction of the stream-sediment samples gave more useful values than analyses of the minus 80-mesh samples in separating drainage basins that have copper deposits from those that have no known copper deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Lesure, F., Motooka, J.M., and Weis, P.L., 1977, Exploration geochemical studies of some sandstone copper-uranium deposits, Bradford, Columbia, and Lycoming Counties, Pa: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 5, p. 609-621.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"621","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316516,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Bradford County, Columbia County, Lycoming County","otherGeospatial":"Beaver Lake, Grassmere Park, New Albany","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.75,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -76.75,\n 41.75\n ],\n [\n -76.25,\n 41.75\n ],\n [\n -76.25,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -76.75,\n 41.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332efe4b0cc79997f3352","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lesure, F. G.","contributorId":7694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesure","given":"F. G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":597151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motooka, J. M.","contributorId":118374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weis, P. L.","contributorId":71557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":34007,"text":"b1278E - 1977 - Geochemical exploration techniques based on distribution of selected elements in rocks, soils, and plants, Vekol porphyry copper deposit area, Pinal County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:26","indexId":"b1278E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1278","chapter":"E","title":"Geochemical exploration techniques based on distribution of selected elements in rocks, soils, and plants, Vekol porphyry copper deposit area, Pinal County, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b1278E","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M.A., 1977, Geochemical exploration techniques based on distribution of selected elements in rocks, soils, and plants, Vekol porphyry copper deposit area, Pinal County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1278, v, 78 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1278E.","productDescription":"v, 78 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1278e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61933,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1278e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae29d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, Maurice A. mchaffee@usgs.gov","contributorId":4047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"Maurice","email":"mchaffee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":212316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59592,"text":"mf868F - 1977 - Map showing copper deposits of South America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-20T20:21:38.200834","indexId":"mf868F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"868","chapter":"F","title":"Map showing copper deposits of South America","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf868F","usgsCitation":"Goudarzi, G.H., 1977, Map showing copper deposits of South America: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 868, 1 Plate: 54 x 48 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf868F.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 22.16 x 27.11 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183150,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0868-F/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":364206,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0868-F/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"15000000","otherGeospatial":"South America","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90,-54.2 ], [ -90,12 ], [ -30,12 ], [ -30,-54.2 ], [ -90,-54.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d9ee","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Goudarzi, G. H.","contributorId":69645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goudarzi","given":"G.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956405,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Goudarzi, G. H.","contributorId":69645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goudarzi","given":"G.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9089,"text":"ofr7795 - 1977 - A summary of the mineral resources of the proposed Great Bear wilderness, Flathead, Teton, and Pondera counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-08T21:55:37.496776","indexId":"ofr7795","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-95","title":"A summary of the mineral resources of the proposed Great Bear wilderness, Flathead, Teton, and Pondera counties, Montana","docAbstract":"The proposed Great Bear wilderness has a good potential for oil and gas (mainly gas), and a moderate potential for submarginal resources of copper and silver in a belt 25 miles (40 km) long and about 1 mile (1.6 km) wide that is partly within the study area along the western boundary. The eastern part of the area may contain small submarginal resources of coal. Sand and gravel, dimension stone, and high calcium limestone are in the area, but they occur in abundance in more accessible areas elsewhere in northwest Montana. The potential for geothermal resources is nil.
A mineral survey of the proposed Great Bear wilderness was made in 1974 and 1976. The work by the U.S. Geological Survey consisted of geologic mapping, and geochemical and geophysical surveys. The U.S. Bureau of Mines made a courthouse search for mining claims, and sampled and mapped prospects.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7795","usgsCitation":"Mudge, M.R., Earhart, R.L., Rice, D.D., and Marks, L.Y., 1977, A summary of the mineral resources of the proposed Great Bear wilderness, Flathead, Teton, and Pondera counties, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-95, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7795.","productDescription":"3 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412883,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0095/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0095/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Flathead County, Pondera County, Teton County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.75,47 ], [ -113.75,49 ], [ -112,49 ], [ -112,47 ], [ -113.75,47 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5f23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mudge, Melville Rhodes","contributorId":77119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mudge","given":"Melville","email":"","middleInitial":"Rhodes","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Earhart, Robert L.","contributorId":74729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earhart","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, Dudley D.","contributorId":11601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Dudley","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marks, Lawrence Y.","contributorId":49370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marks","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9010,"text":"ofr77733 - 1977 - Data from geologic investigations in the Yemen Arab Republic during 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T13:25:47","indexId":"ofr77733","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-733","title":"Data from geologic investigations in the Yemen Arab Republic during 1976","docAbstract":"The results of semiquantitative spectrographic analyses for 31 elements in 126 specimens of rocks from the Yemen Arab Republic, collected mainly during February 1976 from the Precambrian area in the southeastern part of the country, provide background data for use in geochemical evaluation of areas potentially favorable for mineral deposits. \r\n\r\nGold and thorium were undetected; the lower limits of determination are \r\n10 parts per million (ppm) and 20 ppm, respectively. For the other elements, the abundances follow geochemical norms for crustal distribution: (1) Fe, Nb, and Zr in Holocene weathering products; (2) Ca and Sr in Pliocene limestone; (3) Mo in Pliocene(?) or Miocene(?) dikes; (4) Be, La, and Sn in Miocene(?) alkalic granite; (5) As, Be, and La in Tertiary and/or Cretaceous felsic tuff; (6) V in Tertiary and/or Cretaceous carbonaceous sedimentary rocks interbedded with volcanic rocks; (7) Be, La, Sn, and Zr in Tertiary and/or Cretaceous undivided volcanics; (8) Sn and W in Precambrian felsite and pegmatite; (9) Co, Cr, Ni, and Ti in Precambrian mafic rocks; (10) Mg and Sr in Precambrian marble and calcsilicate rocks; (11) Y in Precambrilan schist; (12) B and Sc dispersed in rocks of many ages; and (13) Ag, Ba, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Zn in a hydrothermal replacement deposit in Precambrian sediment. None of the rocks contained as much as 205 ppm equivalent uranium. The highest values for Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd were obtained on a sample of hydrothermally altered siltstone not personally collected by the writers. It was said to have come from the Ma'rib area in the eastern part of the Yemen Arab Republic. The source must be studied, because this single sample is high-grade base-metal ore. \r\n\r\nAmong the samples collected by the writers, the economically most significant are altered tuffs, ignimbrites, and felsites exposed between Jibal Hufash and Manakhah on the road from Hudaydah to San'a'. They are strongly anomalous for As and weakly anomalous, variously, for Hg, Mo, and Pb, which elements may constitute an epigenetic dispersion pattern from hidden sulfide deposits. Inasmuch as chalcopyrite and native copper have been reported in the vicinity of Jabal Haraz in the Manakhah area, the rocks of the Yemen Volcanics in this region should be explored for base-metal sulfide deposits. \r\n\r\nThe first results of paleontologic examinations of fossils collected during 1975 and 1976 are presented, as are a list of Landsat images covering the Yemen Arab Republic, and a selected bibliography of reports on geology and the allied sciences relating to the Yemen Arab Republic.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77733","usgsCitation":"Grolier, M.J., Domenico, J.A., Donato, M., Tibbitts, G.C., Overstreet, W., and Ibrahim, M.M., 1977, Data from geologic investigations in the Yemen Arab Republic during 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-733, 103 p. :ill., maps (2 fold. in pocket) ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77733.","productDescription":"103 p. :ill., maps (2 fold. in pocket) ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0733/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36647,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0733/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36648,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0733/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36649,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0733/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c8cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grolier, Maurice J.","contributorId":98292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grolier","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domenico, J. A.","contributorId":12028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domenico","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donato, Mary","contributorId":68308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donato","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tibbitts, G. Chase Jr.","contributorId":30601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chase","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Overstreet, W.C.","contributorId":105294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overstreet","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ibrahim, Mohammad Mukred","contributorId":9649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ibrahim","given":"Mohammad","email":"","middleInitial":"Mukred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":60861,"text":"mf835B - 1977 - Geochemical and generalized geologic map showing distribution of copper in the Round Mountain Quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-12T10:30:45","indexId":"mf835B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"835","chapter":"B","title":"Geochemical and generalized geologic map showing distribution of copper in the Round Mountain Quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf835B","usgsCitation":"Shawe, D.R., 1977, Geochemical and generalized geologic map showing distribution of copper in the Round Mountain Quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 835, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf835B.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276337,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0835b/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.11749999999999,38.6175 ], [ -117.11749999999999,38.75 ], [ -117,38.75 ], [ -117,38.6175 ], [ -117.11749999999999,38.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae7f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shawe, D. R.","contributorId":6863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shawe","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8430,"text":"ofr77255 - 1977 - Igneous rocks and copper mineralization in the Ray porphyry copper district, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:07","indexId":"ofr77255","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-255","title":"Igneous rocks and copper mineralization in the Ray porphyry copper district, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77255","usgsCitation":"Cornwall, H.R., and Banks, N.G., 1977, Igneous rocks and copper mineralization in the Ray porphyry copper district, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-255, i, 10 leaves ;27 cm.; (11 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77255.","productDescription":"i, 10 leaves ;27 cm.; (11 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c72f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornwall, Henry Rowland","contributorId":68304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwall","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"Rowland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banks, Norman G.","contributorId":89524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4229,"text":"cir739 - 1977 - The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral resource maps of the McCarthy Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:40","indexId":"cir739","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"739","title":"The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral resource maps of the McCarthy Quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"The McCarthy 1? by 3? quadrangle, in eastern south-central Alaska, contains potentially significant resources of copper and possibly of a few other commodities. This circular and a companion folio of maps represent results of integrated field and laboratory studies in the disciplines of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and satellite imagery that are designed to provide a modern mineral resource assessment of the quadrangle. The maps are accompanied by descriptive texts, explanatory material, pertinent references, and by a few auxiliary tables and diagrams. This circular provides background information for the mineral resource assessment and integrates the component maps. It also includes a master list of references (see 'Bibliography') relevant to the geology and mineral deposits of the quadrangle.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nDept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, Branch of Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/cir739","usgsCitation":"MacKevett, E., Albert, N.R., Barnes, D., Case, J.E., Robinson, K., and Singer, D., 1977, The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral resource maps of the McCarthy Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 739, iii, 23 p. :maps ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir739.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p. :maps ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1977/0739/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31343,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1977/0739/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKevett, E. M.","contributorId":32910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKevett","given":"E. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albert, N. R. D.","contributorId":63789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albert","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"R. 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The Laconia City secondary sewage-treatment plant was upgraded in 1975 to include phosphorus removal. Phosphorus was not removed effectively until early 1976, and, therefore, the 1976 data are considered baseline or pre-phosphorus removal with respect to anticipated changes in the trophic condition of the lake. Effluent from the Laconia State School primary-treatment plant was diverted to the Laconia City plant in October 1976. Dissolved oxygen concentrations showed marked differences between the two basins comprising Lake Winnisquam. Phytoplankton samples showed similarities by algal group for all stations but algal genera varied between the upper and lower basins. Total phosphorus concentrations in the epilimnion ranged from 0.01 to 0.10 milligram per liter, and accumulation of total phosphorus in the hypolimnion resulted in concentrations up to 0.59 milligrams per liter. Chemical states of nutrients varied among the stations corresponding to the degree of depletion of hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen. Dissolved oxygen profiles were used to illustrate zones of algal production, respiration, and bacterial decomposition. The rate of depletion of dissolved oxygen in the hypolimnion was linearly related to time. Because change in the rate of hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen depletion is more easily measured than change of nutrient load in the lake, it is suggested it be used as an indicator of the response of the lake to change in trophic condition.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri77137","usgsCitation":"Frost, L.R., 1977, Trophic conditions in Lake Winnisquam, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-137, v, 36 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri77137.","productDescription":"v, 36 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0137/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":368892,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0137/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","county":"Belknap County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Winnisquam","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-71.5318,43.7606],[-71.4856,43.7278],[-71.4824,43.726],[-71.4641,43.7118],[-71.4603,43.7096],[-71.3408,43.6266],[-71.3339,43.6193],[-71.3314,43.6193],[-71.2614,43.5719],[-71.2279,43.565],[-71.209,43.5508],[-71.204,43.5526],[-71.2001,43.559],[-71.1976,43.5581],[-71.197,43.5576],[-71.1636,43.5389],[-71.1921,43.5107],[-71.1792,43.4393],[-71.1607,43.355],[-71.236,43.2842],[-71.2994,43.3207],[-71.4006,43.375],[-71.4995,43.4255],[-71.5474,43.4524],[-71.5493,43.4524],[-71.5607,43.4551],[-71.5613,43.4519],[-71.5601,43.4506],[-71.5626,43.4501],[-71.5701,43.4519],[-71.5733,43.4474],[-71.5758,43.4451],[-71.5815,43.4428],[-71.5821,43.4437],[-71.5865,43.4433],[-71.5884,43.441],[-71.5947,43.4423],[-71.5953,43.4378],[-71.5998,43.4346],[-71.6016,43.4346],[-71.6029,43.4391],[-71.6048,43.4401],[-71.6111,43.4378],[-71.6136,43.4387],[-71.6136,43.4414],[-71.6168,43.4432],[-71.6199,43.4432],[-71.6199,43.4473],[-71.6218,43.4469],[-71.6282,43.4592],[-71.625,43.4601],[-71.6288,43.4683],[-71.625,43.4692],[-71.6288,43.4783],[-71.632,43.4774],[-71.639,43.4924],[-71.6535,43.4887],[-71.6541,43.491],[-71.6617,43.4955],[-71.6724,43.4987],[-71.6787,43.5023],[-71.6794,43.5051],[-71.6914,43.5173],[-71.687,43.5246],[-71.6876,43.5287],[-71.7072,43.5382],[-71.7142,43.5514],[-71.7224,43.5537],[-71.7288,43.5601],[-71.7282,43.5628],[-71.7237,43.5664],[-71.7244,43.5705],[-71.7168,43.5746],[-71.7156,43.5792],[-71.7314,43.5887],[-71.7283,43.5946],[-71.7188,43.5956],[-71.7125,43.601],[-71.7087,43.6011],[-71.7055,43.5956],[-71.7023,43.5938],[-71.6859,43.5952],[-71.6727,43.6029],[-71.6651,43.6043],[-71.6626,43.607],[-71.6657,43.6116],[-71.6626,43.6161],[-71.6512,43.6207],[-71.6569,43.6293],[-71.6519,43.6375],[-71.6538,43.6407],[-71.6513,43.643],[-71.6551,43.6608],[-71.6513,43.6653],[-71.6482,43.6717],[-71.6514,43.6813],[-71.6482,43.6858],[-71.5223,43.6968],[-71.5318,43.7606]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Belknap\",\"state\":\"NH\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6243d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frost, Leonard R. Jr.","contributorId":41465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"Leonard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}