Johnson County is one of the fastest growing and most populated counties in Kansas. Urban development affects streams by altering stream hydrology, geomorphology, water chemistry, and habitat, which then can lead to adverse effects on fish and macroinvertebrate communities. In addition, increasing sources of contaminants in urbanizing streams results in public-health concerns associated with exposure to and consumption of contaminated water.
Biological assessments, or surveys of organisms living in aquatic environments, are crucial components of water-quality programs because they provide an indication of how well water bodies support aquatic life. This fact sheet describes current biological conditions of Johnson County streams and characterizes stream biology relative to urban development.
Biological conditions were evaluated by collecting macroinvertebrate samples from 15 stream sites in Johnson County, Kansas, in 2003 and 2004 (fig. 1). Data from seven additional sites, collected as part of a separate study with similar objectives in Kansas and Missouri (Wilkison and others, 2005), were evaluated to provide a more comprehensive assessment of watersheds that cross State boundaries. Land-use and water- and streambed-sediment-quality data also were used to evaluate factors that may affect macroinvertebrate communities.
Metrics are indices used to measure, or evaluate, macroinvertebrate response to various factors such as human disturbance. Multimetric scores, which integrated 10 different metrics that measure various aspects of macroinvertebrate communities, including organism diversity, composition, tolerance, and feeding characteristics, were used to evaluate and compare biological health of Johnson County streams.
This information is useful to city and county officials for defining current biological conditions, evaluating conditions relative to State biological criteria, evaluating effects of urbanization, developing effective water-quality management plans, and documenting changes in biological conditions and water quality.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20073050","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S., and Gibbons, H., 2007, USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology Team (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3050, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073050.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3050.jpg"},{"id":9878,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6102c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Sam","contributorId":103750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Sam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbons, Helen hgibbons@usgs.gov","contributorId":912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"Helen","email":"hgibbons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80081,"text":"fs20073047 - 2007 - Hawaiian Duck's Future Threatened by Feral Mallards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T10:10:07","indexId":"fs20073047","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3047","title":"Hawaiian Duck's Future Threatened by Feral Mallards","docAbstract":"Nearly 70 percent of Hawaii's native bird species are found nowhere else on Earth, and many of these species are declining or in danger of extinction. Although the Hawaiian Islands were once home to a remarkable diversity of waterfowl, only three species remain-the Hawaiian Goose (Nene), Laysan Duck, and Hawaiian Duck (Koloa maoli)-all Federally endangered. The Koloa maoli is the only Hawaiian bird threatened by 'genetic extinction' from hybridization with an invasive species-feral Mallard ducks. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) biologists in Hawaii are working to find the causes of bird endangerment and ways to prevent extinction of the Koloa maoli and other threatened birds.
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The project's principal areas of research include: Geologic Mapping, Geophysical Surveys, Geochronology, Three-dimensional Modeling, and Noble Gas Geochemistry.\r\n\r\nThe Edwards aquifer is one of the most productive carbonate aquifers in the United States. It also has been designated a sole source aquifer by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and is the primary source of water for San Antonio, America's eighth largest city. The Trinity aquifer forms the catchment area for the Edwards aquifer and it intercepts some surface flow above the Edwards recharge zone. The Trinity may also contribute to the Edwards water budget by subsurface flow across formation boundaries at considerable depths. 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Precambrian time spans almost nine-tenths of Earth history, from the formation of the Earth to the dawn of the Cambrian Period. It represents time so vast and long ago that it challenges all comprehension.\r\n\r\nThe Precambrian is the time of big questions. How old is the Earth? How old are the oldest rocks and continents? What was the early Earth like? What was the early atmosphere like? When did life appear, and what did it look like? And, how do we know this?\r\n\r\nIn recent years, remarkable progress has been made in understanding the early evolution of the Earth and life itself. Yet, the scientific story of the early Earth is still a work in progress, humankind's latest attempt to understand the planet. Like previous attempts, it too will change as we learn more about the Earth. Read on to discover what we know now, in the early 21st century.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073004","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, D.A., 2007, Precambrian Time - The Story of the Early Earth (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3004, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073004.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3004.jpg"},{"id":9861,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acbe4b07f02db67e36e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, D. 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The springs and geysers in the stream bed and along its banks change location, temperature, and flow rates frequently and unpredictably. The hot springs and geysers of Hot Creek are visible signs of dynamic geologic processes in this volcanic region, where underground heat drives thermal spring activity.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073045","usgsCitation":"Farrar, C.D., Evans, W.C., Venezky, D.Y., Hurwitz, S., and Oliver, L.K., 2007, Boiling water at Hot Creek— The dangerous and dynamic thermal springs in California’s Long Valley Caldera (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3045, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073045.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":367,"text":"Long Valley Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3045.jpg"},{"id":388459,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81467.htm"},{"id":9847,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3045/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley caldera","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.25,37.5 ], [ -119.25,37.833333333333336 ], [ -118.5,37.833333333333336 ], [ -118.5,37.5 ], [ -119.25,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db607457","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farrar, Christopher D. cdfarrar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Christopher","email":"cdfarrar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Venezky, Dina Y.","contributorId":36232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venezky","given":"Dina","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oliver, Lynn K.","contributorId":72481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80020,"text":"fs20073037 - 2007 - Increasing the Resilience to Natural Hazards in Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:40","indexId":"fs20073037","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3037","title":"Increasing the Resilience to Natural Hazards in Southern California","docAbstract":"Southern California is at great risk for extreme catastrophic losses owing to numerous natural hazards, such as earthquakes, wildfires, floods, tsunamis, landslides and coastal changes, that occur in this area (fig. 1). Expected losses from these hazards are estimated to exceed $3 billion per year in the eight counties of southern California.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073037","usgsCitation":"Jones, L., and Cox, D.A., 2007, Increasing the Resilience to Natural Hazards in Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3037, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073037.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3037.jpg"},{"id":9762,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,32 ], [ -121,35.5 ], [ -115.5,35.5 ], [ -115.5,32 ], [ -121,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Lucile","contributorId":9639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Dale A. dacox@usgs.gov","contributorId":165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Dale","email":"dacox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80019,"text":"fs20073038 - 2007 - Availability of Ground-Water Data for California, Water Year 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"fs20073038","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3038","title":"Availability of Ground-Water Data for California, Water Year 2006","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources, in cooperation with Federal, State, and local agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the ground-water resources of California each water year (October 1-September 30). These data constitute a valuable database for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State.\r\n\r\nThis Fact Sheet serves as an index to ground-water data for water year 2006. The 2-page report contains a map of California showing the number of wells (by county) with available water-level and water-quality data for water year 2006 (fig. 2) and instructions for obtaining this and other ground-water information contained in the databases of the U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center.\r\n\r\nFrom 1985 to 1993, data were published in the annual report 'Water Resources Data for California, Volume 5. Ground-Water Data'; prior to 1985, the data were published in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073038","usgsCitation":"Huff, J., 2007, Availability of Ground-Water Data for California, Water Year 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3038, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073038.","productDescription":"2 p.","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3038.jpg"},{"id":9761,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3038/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667fb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huff, Julia A.","contributorId":23130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"Julia A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80011,"text":"fs20073011 - 2007 - Time-domain electromagnetic soundings to characterize water quality within a freshwater/saline-water transition zone, Estancia Valley, New Mexico, July 2005: A reconnaissance study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-01T20:13:39.508265","indexId":"fs20073011","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3011","title":"Time-domain electromagnetic soundings to characterize water quality within a freshwater/saline-water transition zone, Estancia Valley, New Mexico, July 2005: A reconnaissance study","docAbstract":"During July 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, conducted a reconnaissance study in the Estancia Valley in central New Mexico to characterize water quality using time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) surface-geophysical soundings. TDEM sounding is one of a number of surface geophysical methods that provide a relatively quick and inexpensive means to characterize subsurface geologic and hydrogeologic properties. TDEM surface geophysical methods can be used to detect variations in the electrical resistivity of the subsurface, which in turn can be related to variations in the physical and chemical properties of soil, rock, and pore fluids.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20073011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources","usgsCitation":"Shah, S., Kress, W.H., and Land, L.A., 2007, Time-domain electromagnetic soundings to characterize water quality within a freshwater/saline-water transition zone, Estancia Valley, New Mexico, July 2005: A reconnaissance study: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3011, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073011.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3011.jpg"},{"id":409944,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81448.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327727,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3011/pdf/fs2007-3011.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9751,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Estancia Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.0833,\n 34.7742\n ],\n [\n -106.0833,\n 34.9564\n ],\n [\n -105.8333,\n 34.9564\n ],\n [\n -105.8333,\n 34.7742\n ],\n [\n -106.0833,\n 34.7742\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691d12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, Sachin D.","contributorId":60174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Sachin D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kress, Wade H.","contributorId":100475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Land, Lewis A.","contributorId":18463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80004,"text":"fs20073035 - 2007 - U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program - Science Supporting Mineral Resource Stewardship","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:08","indexId":"fs20073035","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3035","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program - Science Supporting Mineral Resource Stewardship","docAbstract":"The United States is the world's largest user of mineral resources. We use them to build our homes and cities, fertilize our food crops, and create wealth that allows us to buy goods and services. Individuals rarely use nonfuel mineral resources in their natural state - we buy light bulbs, not the silica, soda ash, lime, coal, salt, tungsten, copper, nickel, molybdenum, iron, manganese, aluminum, and zinc used to convert electricity into light.\r\n\r\nThe USGS Mineral Resources Program (MRP) is the sole Federal source of scientific information and unbiased research on nonfuel mineral potential, production, and consumption, as well as on the environmental effects of\r\nminerals. The MRP also provides baseline geochemical, geophysical, and mineral-deposit data used to understand environmental issues related to extraction\r\nand use of mineral resources. Understanding how minerals, water, plants, and organisms interact contributes to our understanding of the environment, which is essential for maintaining human and ecosystem health. To support creation\r\nof economic and national security policies in a global context, MRP collects\r\nand analyzes data on essential mineral commodities from around the world.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073035","usgsCitation":"Kropschot, S., 2007, U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program - Science Supporting Mineral Resource Stewardship (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3035, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073035.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3035.jpg"},{"id":9745,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db61307c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kropschot, S.J.","contributorId":8456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kropschot","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79991,"text":"fs20073029 - 2007 - Changes in Water Levels and Storage in the High Plains Aquifer, Predevelopment to 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"fs20073029","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3029","title":"Changes in Water Levels and Storage in the High Plains Aquifer, Predevelopment to 2005","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer underlies 111.4 million acres (174,000 square miles) in parts of eight States-Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. The area overlying the High Plains aquifer is one of the major agricultural regions in the world. Water-level declines began in parts of the High Plains aquifer soon after the beginning of extensive ground-water irrigation. By 1980, water levels in the High Plains aquifer in parts of Texas, Oklahoma, and southwestern Kansas had declined more than 100 feet (Luckey and others, 1981). In response to these water-level declines, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with numerous Federal, State, and local water-resources agencies, began monitoring more than 7,000 wells in 1988 to assess annual water-level change in the aquifer. A report by the USGS, 'Water-Level Changes in the High Plains Aquifer, Predevelopment to 2005 and 2003 to 2005' (McGuire, 2007), shows the areas of substantial water-level changes in the aquifer from the time prior to substantial ground-water irrigation development (predevelopment or about 1950) to 2005 (fig. 1).\r\n\r\nIn parts of the area, farmers began using ground water for irrigation extensively in the 1930s and 1940s. Estimated irrigated acreage in the area overlying the High Plains aquifer increased rapidly from 1940 to 1980 and changed slightly from 1980 to 2002: 1949-2.1 million acres, 1980-13.7 million acres, 1997-13.9 million acres, 2002-12.7 million acres. Irrigated acres in 2002 were 12 percent of the aquifer area, not including the areas with little or no saturated thickness (McGuire, 2007).\r\n\r\nGround-water withdrawals for irrigation and other uses are compiled and reported by the USGS and agencies in each State about every 5 years. Ground-water withdrawals from the High Plains aquifer for irrigation increased from 4 to 19 million acre-feet from 1949 to 1974. Ground-water withdrawals for irrigation in 1980, 1985, 1990, and 1995 were from 4 to 18 percent less than withdrawals for irrigation in 1974. Ground-water withdrawals from the aquifer for irrigation in 2000 were 21 million acre-feet (McGuire, 2007).\r\n\r\nWater-level changes in the aquifer result from an imbalance between discharge and recharge. Discharge is primarily ground-water withdrawals for irrigation. Discharge also includes evapotranspiration, where the water table is near the land surface, and seepage to streams and springs, where the water table intersects with the land surface. Recharge is primarily from precipitation. Other sources of recharge are irrigation return flow and seepage from streams, canals, and reservoirs. Water-level declines may result in increased costs for ground-water withdrawals because of increased pumping lift and decreased well yields (Taylor and Alley, 2001). Water-level declines also can affect ground-water availability, surface-water flow, and near-stream (riparian) habitat areas (Alley and others, 1999).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073029","usgsCitation":"McGuire, V., 2007, Changes in Water Levels and Storage in the High Plains Aquifer, Predevelopment to 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3029, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073029.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3029.jpg"},{"id":9730,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3029/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6da9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, V. L. 0000-0002-3962-4158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":94702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"V. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79943,"text":"fs20073025 - 2007 - The Marine Realms Information Bank family of digital libraries: access to free online information for coastal and marine science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T09:59:58","indexId":"fs20073025","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3025","title":"The Marine Realms Information Bank family of digital libraries: access to free online information for coastal and marine science","docAbstract":"Searching the World Wide Web for reliable information about specific topics or locations can be frustrating: too many hits, too little relevance. A well-designed digital library, offering a carefully selected collection of online resources, is an attractive alternative to web search engines. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides three digital libraries for coastal and marine science to serve the needs of a diverse audience--scientists, public servants, educators, and the public.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20073025","usgsCitation":"Lightsom, F.L., and Allwardt, A., 2007, The Marine Realms Information Bank family of digital libraries: access to free online information for coastal and marine science: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3025, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073025.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3025.jpg"},{"id":9663,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293256,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3025/pdf/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b9cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lightsom, Frances L. 0000-0003-4043-3639 flightsom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-3639","contributorId":1535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightsom","given":"Frances","email":"flightsom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allwardt, Alan O.","contributorId":22051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allwardt","given":"Alan O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79938,"text":"fs20053131 - 2007 - U.S. Geological Survey Streamgaging...from the National Streamflow Information Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:08","indexId":"fs20053131","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3131","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Streamgaging...from the National Streamflow Information Program","docAbstract":"This Fact Sheet is one in a series that highlights information or recent research findings from the USGS National Streamflow Information Program (NSIP). The investigations and scientific results reported in this series require a nationally consistent streamgaging network with stable long-term monitoring sites and a rigorous program of data, quality assurance, management, archiving, and synthesis. NSIP produces multipurpose, unbiased surface-water information that is readily accessible to all.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20053131","usgsCitation":"Olson, S.A., and Norris, J.M., 2007, U.S. Geological Survey Streamgaging...from the National Streamflow Information Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3131, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053131.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":444,"text":"National Streamflow Information Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3131.jpg"},{"id":9659,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612ced","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norris, J. Michael 0000-0002-7480-0161 mnorris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-0161","contributorId":1625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"J.","email":"mnorris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79934,"text":"fs20073007 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in humid areas of the United States: A summary of Ground-Water Resources Program studies, 2003-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-30T10:37:53","indexId":"fs20073007","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3007","title":"Ground-water recharge in humid areas of the United States: A summary of Ground-Water Resources Program studies, 2003-2006","docAbstract":"Increased demands on water resources by a growing population and recent droughts have raised awareness about the adequacy of ground-water resources in humid areas of the United States. The spatial and temporal variability of ground-water recharge are key factors that need to be quantified to determine the sustainability of ground-water resources. Ground-water recharge is defined herein as the entry into the saturated zone of water made available at the water-table surface, together with the associated flow away from the water table within the saturated zone (Freeze and Cherry, 1979). In response to the need for better estimates of ground-water recharge, the Ground-Water Resources Program (GWRP) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began an initiative in 2003 to estimate ground-water recharge rates in the relatively humid areas of the United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20073007","usgsCitation":"Delin, G.N., and Risser, D.W., 2007, Ground-water recharge in humid areas of the United States: A summary of Ground-Water Resources Program studies, 2003-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3007, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073007.","productDescription":"4 p.","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":327,"text":"Groundwater Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79865,"text":"fs20073034 - 2007 - How Much Water Is in the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, and Flint Rivers, and How Much Is Used?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T12:08:30","indexId":"fs20073034","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3034","title":"How Much Water Is in the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, and Flint Rivers, and How Much Is Used?","docAbstract":"Questions of how much water is in the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, and Flint (ACF) Rivers and how much is used do not have simple answers. The answers depend on the location in the river basin and on the year and season (as discussed on the first two pages of this fact sheet). Location is important because as one moves from upstream to downstream in a typical river, additions to streamflow from tributaries plus ground water and subtractions of streamflow from consumptive use are cumulative, with increasing total amounts in the downstream direction. Time is important because streamflow and consumptive use can vary by hundreds of percent from year to year and season to season at a given location; consumptive use typically is highest during droughts and summer months when streamflow typically is low.\r\n\r\nConsumptive use is defined herein as the difference between the amount of water withdrawn from and the amount returned to a river. These amounts depend on several factors, particularly the type of water use, which varies from region to region (as discussed on the third page). Streamflow during low-flow periods comes primarily from ground water and can be affected by ground-water pumping (as discussed on the last page).\r\n\r\nThis fact sheet uses detailed consumptive water-use data for 1994-2001 that are not available for most watersheds in Georgia (Fanning, 2003; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [USACE], 2004; James Hathorn, USACE, written commun., December 2006). The year 2000 is used herein for several examples because of the available consumptive-use data and because this was an extreme drought year. Additional research and information (as discussed on the last page) are needed to support reliable, fact-based water management and planning for the Georgia Comprehensive Statewide Water Management Plan (accessed March 2007 at http://www.gadnr.org/gswp/).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073034","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Landers, M.N., and Painter, J.A., 2007, How Much Water Is in the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, and Flint Rivers, and How Much Is Used?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3034, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073034.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3034.jpg"},{"id":9585,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola River, Chattahoochee River, Flint River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.869384765625,29.878755346037977],[-84.9847412109375,29.673735421779128],[-85.2044677734375,29.73099249532227],[-85.4241943359375,30.012030680358613],[-85.49011230468749,30.552800413453546],[-85.49560546875,32.16166284018013],[-85.27587890625,33.5963189611327],[-84.72656249999999,34.17090836352573],[-83.924560546875,34.6241677899049],[-83.64990234375,34.89494244739732],[-83.34228515625,34.56990638085636],[-83.583984375,33.8521697014074],[-84.375,33.22030778968541],[-83.73779296875,31.96148355726853],[-84.05639648437499,30.911651004518244],[-84.5068359375,30.64736425824319],[-84.869384765625,29.878755346037977]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a07c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landers, Mark N. 0000-0002-3014-0480 landers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-0480","contributorId":1103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landers","given":"Mark","email":"landers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79846,"text":"fs20073024 - 2007 - Pesticides in ground water - Niobrara and Weston Counties, Wyoming, 2005-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T18:27:38.406774","indexId":"fs20073024","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3024","title":"Pesticides in ground water - Niobrara and Weston Counties, Wyoming, 2005-2006","docAbstract":"In 1991, members of local, State, and Federal governments, as well as industry and interest groups, formed the Ground-water and Pesticide Strategy Committee to prepare the State of Wyoming's generic Management Plan for Pesticides in Ground Water. Part of this management plan is to sample and analyze Wyoming's ground water for pesticides. In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Ground-water and Pesticide Strategy Committee, began statewide implementation of the sampling component of the State of Wyoming's generic Management Plan for Pesticides in Ground Water. During 2005-2006, baseline monitoring was conducted in Niobrara and Weston Counties. This Fact Sheet describes and summarizes results of the baseline monitoring in Niobrara and Weston Counties.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20073024","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Wyoming Department of Agriculture (WDA) and the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality (WDEQ)","usgsCitation":"Eddy-Miller, C., 2007, Pesticides in ground water - Niobrara and Weston Counties, Wyoming, 2005-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3024, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073024.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405929,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81199.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9565,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3024/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3024.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Niobrara County, Weston County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.0542,43.5037],[-104.0541,43.4827],[-104.0539,43.4772],[-104.054,43.4677],[-104.0541,43.4535],[-104.0536,43.4221],[-104.0536,43.3893],[-104.0533,43.2973],[-104.0531,43.2122],[-104.053,43.1976],[-104.0536,43.1284],[-104.0534,43.0028],[-104.0527,43.0028],[-104.0527,43.0014],[-104.0528,42.9334],[-104.0525,42.6128],[-104.1247,42.6113],[-104.3598,42.6117],[-104.4777,42.6104],[-104.5967,42.6104],[-104.616,42.6105],[-104.6516,42.61],[-104.7133,42.6098],[-104.8323,42.6114],[-104.8915,42.6105],[-104.8941,42.6915],[-104.8992,42.8704],[-104.9014,43.0738],[-104.9019,43.1175],[-104.9019,43.1321],[-104.9018,43.2732],[-104.9009,43.3633],[-104.9002,43.3933],[-104.8996,43.4488],[-104.9001,43.478],[-104.8991,43.5008],[-104.9187,43.5008],[-104.9376,43.5008],[-104.9787,43.4999],[-105.064,43.4982],[-105.0817,43.4981],[-105.082,43.5195],[-105.082,43.5341],[-105.082,43.55],[-105.082,43.5646],[-105.082,43.5942],[-105.0821,43.6211],[-105.0822,43.6356],[-105.0821,43.6511],[-105.0822,43.6652],[-105.0821,43.6807],[-105.0821,43.7103],[-105.0821,43.7395],[-105.0809,43.8269],[-105.0847,43.8275],[-105.0848,43.8411],[-105.0851,43.8936],[-105.0848,43.9154],[-105.0849,43.9268],[-105.0849,43.9414],[-105.0842,44.0029],[-105.0804,44.0033],[-105.0776,44.1263],[-105.0776,44.1409],[-105.076,44.1791],[-104.9599,44.1806],[-104.8387,44.181],[-104.8196,44.181],[-104.8036,44.1811],[-104.7634,44.181],[-104.7213,44.1813],[-104.618,44.1815],[-104.5963,44.1814],[-104.4713,44.1809],[-104.4152,44.1812],[-104.1333,44.181],[-104.0551,44.1815],[-104.055,44.1518],[-104.055,44.1441],[-104.055,44.1416],[-104.055,44.1368],[-104.055,44.1112],[-104.055,44.1021],[-104.055,44.0957],[-104.0551,44.0159],[-104.0551,44.0013],[-104.0551,43.9966],[-104.0548,43.9293],[-104.0548,43.9151],[-104.0547,43.8874],[-104.0547,43.8728],[-104.0548,43.853],[-104.0548,43.8509],[-104.0547,43.8012],[-104.0546,43.7669],[-104.0547,43.757],[-104.0549,43.7377],[-104.0549,43.7251],[-104.0548,43.7132],[-104.0547,43.6713],[-104.0546,43.6466],[-104.0546,43.5742],[-104.0546,43.5674],[-104.0542,43.5037]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Niobrara\",\"state\":\"WY\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6882b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.","contributorId":86755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79836,"text":"fs20073030 - 2007 - Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47854,"text":"fs04903 - 2003 - Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","indexId":"fs04903","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":79836,"text":"fs20073030 - 2007 - Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","indexId":"fs20073030","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:05","indexId":"fs20073030","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3030","title":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","docAbstract":"The surface of the Earth is changing rapidly, at local, regional, national, and global scales, with significant repercussions for people, the economy, and the environment. Some changes have natural causes, such as wildland fires or hurricanes, while other changes on the land, such as resource extraction, agricultural practices, and urban growth, are human-induced processes. There are other types of changes that are a combination of natural and human-induced factors; landslides and floods, for example, are fundamentally natural processes that are often intensified or accelerated by human land use practices. Whatever their cause, land-surface changes can have profound environmental and economic impacts.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073030","usgsCitation":"Campbell, J.C., 2007, Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3030, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073030.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":293,"text":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3030.jpg"},{"id":9530,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3030/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a9b70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Jon C. joncampbell@usgs.gov","contributorId":313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Jon","email":"joncampbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79830,"text":"fs20073008 - 2007 - The National Map - Orthoimagery Layer","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":79830,"text":"fs20073008 - 2007 - The National Map - Orthoimagery Layer","indexId":"fs20073008","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"The National Map - Orthoimagery Layer"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":97683,"text":"fs20093055 - 2009 - The National Map - Orthoimagery","indexId":"fs20093055","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"The National Map - Orthoimagery"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":97683,"text":"fs20093055 - 2009 - The National Map - Orthoimagery","indexId":"fs20093055","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"The National Map - Orthoimagery"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"fs20073008","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3008","title":"The National Map - Orthoimagery Layer","docAbstract":"Many Federal, State, and local agencies use a common set of framework geographic information databases as a tool for economic and community development, land and natural resource management, and health and safety services. Emergency management and homeland security applications rely on this information. Private industry, nongovernmental organizations, and individual citizens use the same geographic data. Geographic information underpins an increasingly large part of the Nation's economy.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is developing The National Map to be a seamless, continually maintained, and nationally consistent set of online, public domain, framework geographic information databases. The National Map will serve as a foundation for integrating, sharing, and using data easily and consistently. The data will be the source of revised paper topographic maps. The National Map includes digital orthorectified imagery; elevation data; vector data for hydrography, transportation, boundary, and structure features; geographic names; and land cover information.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Suvery (U.S.)","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20073008","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, The National Map - Orthoimagery Layer: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3008, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073008.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":247,"text":"Eastern Region Geography","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3008.gif"},{"id":254430,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/factsheets/fs20073008/fs20073008.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246714,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79829,"text":"fs20073016 - 2007 - Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:12","indexId":"fs20073016","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3016","title":"Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica","docAbstract":"Description\r\n\r\nFact sheet introduces the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA) with images from a section of the mosaic over McMurdo Station, descriptions of the four versions of LIMA, where to access and download LIMA, and a brief explanation of the Antarctic Web portal.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20073016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Science Foundation (NSF)","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3016, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073016.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3016/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91218,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abf03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79808,"text":"fs20073026 - 2007 - Biomarker Benchmarks: Reproductive and Endocrine Biomarkers in Largemouth Bass and Common Carp from United States Waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:23","indexId":"fs20073026","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3026","title":"Biomarker Benchmarks: Reproductive and Endocrine Biomarkers in Largemouth Bass and Common Carp from United States Waters","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a national database and report on endocrine and reproductive condition in two species of fish collected in U.S. streams and rivers. This information provides scientists with a national basis for comparing results of endocrine measurements in fish from individual sites throughout the country, so that scientists can better ascertain normal levels of biomarkers. The database includes information on several measures of reproductive and endocrine condition for common carp and largemouth bass. Data summaries are provided by reproductive season and geographic region.\r\n\r\nA national-scale reconnaissance investigation was initiated in 1994 by the USGS that utilized a suite of biological assays (biomarkers) as indicators of reproductive health, and potentially, endocrine disruption in two widely distributed species of teleost (bony) fish, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and common carp (Cyrinus carpio). The suite of assays included plasma sex-steroid hormones, stage of gonadal development, and plasma vitellogenin, an egg protein that indicates exposure to estrogenic compounds when found in male fish. More than 2,200 common carp and 650 largemouth bass were collected at 119 rivers and streams (fig. 1).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073026","usgsCitation":"Goodbred, S.L., Smith, S.B., Greene, P.S., Rauschenberger, R.H., and Bartish, T.M., 2007, Biomarker Benchmarks: Reproductive and Endocrine Biomarkers in Largemouth Bass and Common Carp from United States Waters: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3026, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073026.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3026.jpg"},{"id":9508,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623105","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodbred, Steven L. sgoodbred@usgs.gov","contributorId":497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodbred","given":"Steven","email":"sgoodbred@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Stephen B.","contributorId":14765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, Patricia S.","contributorId":24031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rauschenberger, Richard H.","contributorId":71268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rauschenberger","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartish, Timothy M.","contributorId":22839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartish","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79793,"text":"fs20073031 - 2007 - Availability of Ground-Water Data for Idaho, Water Year 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:20","indexId":"fs20073031","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3031","title":"Availability of Ground-Water Data for Idaho, Water Year 2006","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Federal, State, and local water agencies, collects a large amount of data each year pertaining to the ground-water resources of Idaho. These data constitute a valuable database for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. Beginning with the 1985 water year and continuing through 2005, data were published in a report series entitled, 'Water Resources Data for Idaho, Ground-Water Data.' Prior to the introduction of that series, historical ground-water information was published in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers.\r\n\r\nIn 2006, the ground-water data reporting requirement was discontinued. However, data continue to be available in our databases. This fact sheet serves as an index to ground-water data for 2006.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073031","usgsCitation":"Campbell, A., 2007, Availability of Ground-Water Data for Idaho, Water Year 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3031, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073031.","productDescription":"2 p.","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3031.jpg"},{"id":9483,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667f89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, A.M.","contributorId":55504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79788,"text":"fs20073017 - 2007 - Pesticides in surface water in the Bighorn River and North Platte River basins, Wyoming, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T21:11:38.321665","indexId":"fs20073017","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3017","title":"Pesticides in surface water in the Bighorn River and North Platte River basins, Wyoming, 2006","docAbstract":"In 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Wyoming Department of Agriculture, sampled five surface-water sites in Wyoming-three in the Bighorn River Basin (BRB) and two in the North Platte River Basin (NPRB) (fig. 1). The purpose of the sampling was to describe the occurrence of pesticides in these basins during three different times of the year. This fact sheet presents the results of the sampling.
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Water-level data are collected using consistent data-collection and quality-control methods. A small subset of these wells meets the criteria necessary to be included in a 'Climate Response Network' of wells designed to illustrate the response of the ground-water system to climate variations nationwide.\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of the Climate Response Network is to portray the effect of climate on ground-water levels in unconfined aquifers or near-surface confined aquifers that are minimally affected by pumping or other anthropogenic stresses. The Climate Response Network Web site (http://groundwaterwatch.usgs.gov/) is the official USGS Web site for illustrating current ground-water conditions in the United States and Puerto Rico.\r\n\r\nThe Climate Response Network Web pages provide information on ground-water conditions at a variety of scales. A national map provides a broad overview of water-table conditions across the Nation. State maps provide a more local picture of ground-water conditions. Site pages provide the details about a specific well.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073003","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, U.S. Geological Survey Ground-Water Climate Response Network: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3003, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073003.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3003.jpg"},{"id":9489,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db613594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79773,"text":"fs20073021 - 2007 - The U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing Program","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47834,"text":"fs02203 - 2003 - The U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing Program","indexId":"fs02203","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"The U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing Program"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":79773,"text":"fs20073021 - 2007 - The U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing Program","indexId":"fs20073021","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"The U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing Program"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:18","indexId":"fs20073021","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3021","title":"The U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing Program","docAbstract":"The fundamental goals of the U.S. Geological Survey's Land Remote Sens-ing (LRS) Program are to provide the Federal Government and the public with a primary source of remotely sensed data and applications and to be a leader in defining the future of land remote sensing, nationally and internationally.\r\n\r\nRemotely sensed data provide information that enhance the understand-ing of ecosystems and the capabilities for predicting ecosystem change. The data promote an understanding of the role of the environment and wildlife in human health issues, the requirements for disaster response, the effects of climate variability, and the availability of energy and mineral resources. Also, as land satellite systems acquire global coverage, the program coordinates a network of international receiving stations and users of the data. It is the responsibility of the program to assure that data from land imaging satellites, airborne photography, radar, and other technologies are available to the national and global science communities.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073021","isbn":"1411312538","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, The U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3021, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073021.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3021.jpg"},{"id":9458,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3021/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79747,"text":"fs20073015 - 2007 - Divisions of Geologic Time—Major Chronostratigraphic and Geochronologic Units","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":79747,"text":"fs20073015 - 2007 - Divisions of Geologic Time—Major Chronostratigraphic and Geochronologic Units","indexId":"fs20073015","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Divisions of Geologic Time—Major Chronostratigraphic and Geochronologic Units"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":98538,"text":"fs20103059 - 2010 - Divisions of geologic time-major chronostratigraphic and geochronologic units","indexId":"fs20103059","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Divisions of geologic time-major chronostratigraphic and geochronologic units"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":98538,"text":"fs20103059 - 2010 - Divisions of geologic time-major chronostratigraphic and geochronologic units","indexId":"fs20103059","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Divisions of geologic time-major chronostratigraphic and geochronologic units"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T12:39:28.332715","indexId":"fs20073015","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3015","title":"Divisions of Geologic Time—Major Chronostratigraphic and Geochronologic Units","docAbstract":"Effective communication in the geosciences requires consistent uses of stratigraphic nomenclature, especially divisions of geologic time. 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