The lower Platte River, Nebraska, provides drinking water, irrigation water, and in-stream flows for recreation, wildlife habitat, and vital habitats for several threatened and endangered species. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Lower Platte River Corridor Alliance (LPRCA) developed site-specific regression models for water-quality constituents at four sites (Shell Creek near Columbus, Nebraska [USGS site 06795500]; Elkhorn River at Waterloo, Nebr. [USGS site 06800500]; Salt Creek near Ashland, Nebr. [USGS site 06805000]; and Platte River at Louisville, Nebr. [USGS site 06805500]) in the lower Platte River corridor. The models were developed by relating continuously monitored water-quality properties (surrogate measurements) to discrete water-quality samples. These models enable existing web-based software to provide near-real-time estimates of stream-specific constituent concentrations to support natural resources management decisions.
\nSince 2007, USGS, in cooperation with the LPRCA, has continuously monitored four water-quality properties seasonally within the lower Platte River corridor: specific conductance, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. During 2007 through 2011, the USGS and the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality collected and analyzed discrete water-quality samples for nutrients, major ions, pesticides, suspended sediment, and bacteria. These datasets were used to develop the regression models. This report documents the collection of these various water-quality datasets and the development of the site-specific regression models.
\nRegression models were developed for all four monitored sites. Constituent models for Shell Creek included nitrate plus nitrite, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, atrazine, acetochlor, suspended sediment, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. Regression models that were developed for the Elkhorn River included nitrate plus nitrite, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, chloride, atrazine, acetochlor, suspended sediment, and E. coli. Models developed for Salt Creek included nitrate plus nitrite, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, suspended sediment, and E. coli. Lastly, models developed for the Platte River site included total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, sodium, metolachlor, atrazine, acetochlor, suspended sediment, and E. coli.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141149","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Platte River Corridor Alliance and the Nebraska Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Schaepe, N.J., Soenksen, P.J., and Rus, D.L., 2014, Relations of water-quality constituent concentrations to surrogate measurements in the lower Platte River corridor, Nebraska, 2007 through 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1149, v, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141149.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053021","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141149.jpg"},{"id":295277,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1149/pdf/ofr2014-1149.pdf"},{"id":295276,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1149/"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e2d07e4b0fd76af69cee0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaepe, Nathaniel J. 0000-0003-1776-7411 nschaepe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-7411","contributorId":2377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaepe","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nschaepe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soenksen, Philip J. pjsoenks@usgs.gov","contributorId":3983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soenksen","given":"Philip","email":"pjsoenks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rus, David L. 0000-0003-3538-7826 dlrus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3538-7826","contributorId":881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rus","given":"David","email":"dlrus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70121925,"text":"ofr20141133 - 2014 - Geology and assessment of unconventional resources of Phitsanulok Basin, Thailand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-19T14:34:32","indexId":"ofr20141133","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-10T15:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1133","title":"Geology and assessment of unconventional resources of Phitsanulok Basin, Thailand","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quantitatively assessed the potential for unconventional oil and gas resources within the Phitsanulok Basin of Thailand. Unconventional resources for the USGS include shale gas, shale oil, tight gas, tight oil, and coalbed gas. In the Phitsanulok Basin, only potential shale-oil and shale-gas resources were quantitatively assessed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141133","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Phitsanulok Basin Assessment Team, 2014, Geology and assessment of unconventional resources of Phitsanulok Basin, Thailand: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1133, Report: 63.0 x 40.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141133.","productDescription":"Report: 63.0 x 40.0 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056341","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295239,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1133/"},{"id":295242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141133.jpg"},{"id":295241,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1133/pdf/ofr2014-1133.pdf"}],"country":"Thailand","otherGeospatial":"Phitsanulok Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5438e705e4b0c47db429057d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Phitsanulok Basin Assessment Team","contributorId":192157,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Phitsanulok Basin Assessment Team","id":695664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70128634,"text":"ofr20141214 - 2014 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Half Moon Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T19:32:32.867742","indexId":"ofr20141214","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-10T14:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1214","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Half Moon Bay, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Half Moon Bay map area is located in northern California, on the Pacific coast of the San Francisco Peninsula about 40 kilometers south of the Golden Gate. The city of Half Moon Bay, which is situated on the east side of the Half Moon Bay embayment, is the nearest significant onshore cultural center in the map area, with a population of about 11,000. The Pillar Point Harbor at the north edge of Half Moon Bay offers a protected landing for boats and provides other marine infrastructure.
\nThe map area lies offshore of the Santa Cruz Mountains, part of the northwest-trending Coast Ranges that run roughly parallel to the San Andreas Fault Zone. The Santa Cruz Mountains lie between the San Andreas Fault Zone and the San Gregorio Fault system. The flat coastal area, which is the most recent of numerous marine terraces, was formed by wave erosion about 105 thousand years ago. The higher elevation of this same terrace west of the Half Moon Bay Airport is caused by uplift on the Seal Cove Fault, a splay of the San Gregorio Fault Zone. Although originally incised into the rising terrain horizontally, the ancient terrace surface has been gently folded into a northwest-plunging syncline by compression related to right-lateral strike-slip movement along the San Gregorio Fault Zone. The lowest elevation coincides with the deepest part of Half Moon Bay; the terrace surface rises both to the north and to the south. Uplift in this map area has resulted in relatively shallow water depths within California’s State Waters and, thus, little accommodation space for sediment accumulation. Sediment is observed in the shelter of Half Moon Bay and on the outer half of the California’s State Waters shelf. Sediment in the area is mobile, often forming dunes and sand waves.
\nA westward bend in the San Andreas Fault Zone, southeast of the map area, coupled with right-lateral movement along the Seal Cove Fault, which comes ashore in Pillar Point Harbor, has resulted in the folding and uplifting of sedimentary rocks of the Purisima Formation in the offshore. Differential erosion of these folded and faulted layers of the Purisima Formation has exposed the parallel curved-rock ridges that are visible on the seafloor from the headland at Pillar Point. During the winter, strong North Pacific storms generate large, long-period waves that shoal and break over this bedrock reef at the world-famous surfing location known as Mavericks.
\nThe Offshore of Half Moon Bay map area lies within the cold-temperate biogeographic zone that is called either the “Oregonian province” or the “northern California ecoregion.” This biogeographic province is maintained by the long-term stability of the southward-flowing California Current, an eastern limb of the North Pacific subtropical gyre that flows from Oregon to Baja California. At its midpoint off central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface (0–500 m deep) waters southward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. The south end of the Oregonian province is at Point Conception (about 365 km south of the map area), although its associated phylogeographic group of marine fauna may extend beyond to the area offshore of Los Angeles in southern California. The ocean off central California has experienced a warming over the last 50 years that is driving an ecosystem shift away from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.
\nSeafloor habitats in the Offshore of Half Moon Bay map area, which lies within the Shelf (continental shelf) megahabitat, range from significant rocky outcrops that support kelp-forest communities nearshore to rocky-reef communities in deep water. Biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of sea birds such as Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. The large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high wave-energy environments. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include lingcod and various species of rockfish and greenling.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141214","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Dartnell, P., Greene, H., Johnson, S.Y., Golden, N., Hartwell, S., Dieter, B.E., Manson, M., Sliter, R.W., Ross, S.L., Watt, J., Endris, C.A., Kvitek, R.G., Phillips, E.L., Erdey, M.D., Chin, J., and Bretz, C., 2014, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Half Moon Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1214, Pamphlet: iv, 37 p.; 10 Plates: 49.0 x 36.0 inches and smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141214.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 37 p.; 10 Plates: 49.0 x 36.0 inches and smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038729","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141214.jpg"},{"id":295226,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet4.pdf"},{"id":295225,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet3.pdf"},{"id":295224,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":295223,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet1.pdf"},{"id":295221,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/"},{"id":295222,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":398973,"rank":14,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_100883.htm"},{"id":295232,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet10.pdf"},{"id":295231,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet9.pdf"},{"id":295230,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet8.pdf"},{"id":295229,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet7.pdf"},{"id":295228,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet6.pdf"},{"id":295227,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet5.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Half Moon Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5833,\n 37.3833\n ],\n [\n -122.3944,\n 37.3833\n ],\n [\n -122.3944,\n 37.5464\n ],\n [\n -122.5833,\n 37.5464\n ],\n [\n -122.5833,\n 37.3833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5438e705e4b0c47db4290577","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":78669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E.","contributorId":26643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hartwell, Stephen R.","contributorId":67029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartwell","given":"Stephen R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dieter, Bryan E.","contributorId":108043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Manson, Michael W.","contributorId":48503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manson","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":503072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ross, Stephanie L. 0000-0003-1389-4405 sross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-4405","contributorId":1024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephanie","email":"sross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":146222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Endris, Charles A.","contributorId":87875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endris","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kvitek, Rikk G.","contributorId":44099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"Rikk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Phillips, Eleyne L.","contributorId":44485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Eleyne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":503071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Erdey, Mercedes D. merdey@usgs.gov","contributorId":5411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdey","given":"Mercedes","email":"merdey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Chin, John L.","contributorId":49726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"John L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Bretz, Carrie K.","contributorId":19101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bretz","given":"Carrie K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":503067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70124101,"text":"ofr20141198 - 2014 - Late Holocene sedimentary environments of south San Francisco Bay, California, illustrated in gravity cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T13:32:28.455946","indexId":"ofr20141198","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-10T13:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1198","title":"Late Holocene sedimentary environments of south San Francisco Bay, California, illustrated in gravity cores","docAbstract":"Data are reported here from 51 gravity cores collected from the southern part of San Francisco Bay by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1990. The sedimentary record in the cores demonstrates a stable geographic distribution of facies and spans a few thousand years. Carbon-14 dating of the sediments suggests that sedimentation rates average about 1 mm/yr. The geometry of the bay floor and the character of the sediment deposited have remained about the same in the time spanned by the cores. However, the sedimentary record over periods of centuries or decades is likely to be much more variable. Sediments containing a few bivalve shells and bivalve or oyster coquinas are most often found west of the main channel and near the San Mateo Bridge. Elsewhere in the south bay, shells are rare except in the southernmost reaches where scattered gastropod shells are found.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141198","usgsCitation":"Woodrow, D., Fregoso, T., Wong, F.L., and Jaffe, B.E., 2014, Late Holocene sedimentary environments of south San Francisco Bay, California, illustrated in gravity cores: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1198, Report: iv, 91 p.; Spatial Data; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141198.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 91 p.; Spatial Data; Metadata","numberOfPages":"97","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054320","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295217,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1198/pdf/ofr2014-1198.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295218,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1198/downloads/ofr2014-1198_shape.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":295216,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":295219,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1198/downloads/metadata","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":376153,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1198/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -121.4208984375,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -121.4208984375,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 37.23032838760387\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5438e706e4b0c47db4290587","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodrow, Donald L.","contributorId":88668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodrow","given":"Donald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fregoso, Theresa A.","contributorId":81824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fregoso","given":"Theresa A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70120860,"text":"ofr20141171 - 2014 - Relations between continuous real-time turbidity data and discrete suspended-sediment concentration samples in the Neosho and Cottonwood Rivers, east-central Kansas, 2009-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T15:59:51","indexId":"ofr20141171","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-09T15:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1171","title":"Relations between continuous real-time turbidity data and discrete suspended-sediment concentration samples in the Neosho and Cottonwood Rivers, east-central Kansas, 2009-2012","docAbstract":"The Neosho River and its primary tributary, the Cottonwood River, are the primary sources of inflow to the John Redmond Reservoir in east-central Kansas. Sedimentation rate in the John Redmond Reservoir was estimated as 743 acre-feet per year for 1964–2006. This estimated sedimentation rate is more than 80 percent larger than the projected design sedimentation rate of 404 acre-feet per year, and resulted in a loss of 40 percent of the conservation pool since its construction in 1964. To reduce sediment input into the reservoir, the Kansas Water Office implemented stream bank stabilization techniques along an 8.3 mile reach of the Neosho River during 2010 through 2011. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office and funded in part through the Kansas State Water Plan Fund, operated continuous real-time water-quality monitors upstream and downstream from stream bank stabilization efforts before, during, and after construction. Continuously measured water-quality properties include streamflow, specific conductance, water temperature, and turbidity. Discrete sediment samples were collected from June 2009 through September 2012 and analyzed for suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), percentage of sediments less than 63 micrometers (sand-fine break), and loss of material on ignition (analogous to amount of organic matter). Regression models were developed to establish relations between discretely measured SSC samples, and turbidity or streamflow to estimate continuously SSC. Continuous water-quality monitors represented between 96 and 99 percent of the cross-sectional variability for turbidity, and had slopes between 0.91 and 0.98. Because consistent bias was not observed, values from continuous water-quality monitors were considered representative of stream conditions. On average, turbidity-based SSC models explained 96 percent of the variance in SSC. Streamflow-based regressions explained 53 to 60 percent of the variance. Mean squared prediction error for turbidity-based regression relations ranged from -32 to 48 percent, whereas mean square prediction error for streamflow-based regressions ranged from -69 to 218 percent. These models are useful for evaluating the variability of SSC during rapidly changing conditions, computing loads and yields to assess SSC transport through the watershed, and for providing more accurate load estimates compared to streamflow-only based estimation methods used in the past. These models can be used to evaluate the efficacy of streambank stabilization efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office","usgsCitation":"Foster, G., 2014, Relations between continuous real-time turbidity data and discrete suspended-sediment concentration samples in the Neosho and Cottonwood Rivers, east-central Kansas, 2009-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1171, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141171.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052388","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141171.jpg"},{"id":295196,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1171/"},{"id":295197,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1171/pdf/ofr2014-1171.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood River, Neosho River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54379589e4b08a816ca63611","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Guy M. gfoster@usgs.gov","contributorId":3437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Guy M.","email":"gfoster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70127581,"text":"ofr20141211 - 2014 - Gully monitoring at two locations in the Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 1996-2010, with emphasis on documenting effects of the March 2008 high-flow experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T08:55:24","indexId":"ofr20141211","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-09T08:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1211","title":"Gully monitoring at two locations in the Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 1996-2010, with emphasis on documenting effects of the March 2008 high-flow experiment","docAbstract":"Many archeological sites in the Grand Canyon are being impacted by gully incision. In March 2008, a high-flow experiment (2008 HFE) was conducted with the intention of redistributing fine sediment (sand, silt, and clay) from the bed of the Colorado River to higher elevations along the channel margin. Deposition of fine sediment in gully mouths has been hypothesized to slow gully erosion rates and lessen impacts to archeological sites. The effects of the 2008 HFE on gullies were evaluated by comparing the topographic changes of three gullies at two study sites before and after the 2008 HFE. Comparison results indicated that sediment was deposited in gully mouths during the 2008 HFE, and that the inundated areas nearest to the river can be extensively altered by mainstream flow during high-flow events. Additionally, the history of gully evolution at the two study sites was examined between 1996 and 2010 and indicated that gullies have been subjected to thalweg incision and gully widening processes over a decadal timescale. Although the small sample size precludes extrapolating the results to other gullies, the findings contribute to the understanding of gully erosion in archeologically significant areas and have implications for future monitoring of gully erosion and evaluating the effectiveness of check dams intended to mitigate that erosion at archaeological sites in the Grand Canyon National Park.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141211","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University","usgsCitation":"Schott, N.D., Hazel, J.E., Fairley, H., Kaplinski, M., and Parnell, R.A., 2014, Gully monitoring at two locations in the Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 1996-2010, with emphasis on documenting effects of the March 2008 high-flow experiment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1211, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141211.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-025452","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141211.jpg"},{"id":295101,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1211/"},{"id":295103,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1211/pdf/ofr2014-1211.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54379588e4b08a816ca6360b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schott, Nathan D.","contributorId":85526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schott","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":19500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fairley, Helen C.","contributorId":40537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairley","given":"Helen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matt","contributorId":22709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parnell, Roderic A.","contributorId":42902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parnell","given":"Roderic","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70121353,"text":"ofr20141176 - 2014 - Potential effects of existing and proposed groundwater withdrawals on water levels and natural groundwater discharge in Snake Valley, Juab and Millard Counties, Utah, White Pine County, Nevada, and surrounding areas in Utah and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T15:10:00","indexId":"ofr20141176","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-07T15:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1176","title":"Potential effects of existing and proposed groundwater withdrawals on water levels and natural groundwater discharge in Snake Valley, Juab and Millard Counties, Utah, White Pine County, Nevada, and surrounding areas in Utah and Nevada","docAbstract":"Applications have been filed for several water-right changes and new water rights, with total withdrawals of about 1,800 acre-feet per year, in Snake Valley near Eskdale and Partoun, Utah. The Bureau of Land Management has identified 11 sites where the Bureau of Land Management holds water rights and 7 other springs of interest that could be affected by these proposed groundwater withdrawals. This report presents a hydrogeologic analysis of areas within Snake Valley to assess the potential effects on Bureau of Land Management water rights and other springs of interest resulting from existing and proposed groundwater withdrawals. A previously developed numerical groundwater-flow model was used to quantify potential groundwater drawdown and the capture, or groundwater withdrawals that results in depletion, of natural discharge resulting from existing and proposed groundwater withdrawals within Snake Valley. Existing groundwater withdrawals were simulated for a 50-year period prior to adding the newly proposed withdrawals to bring the model from pre-development conditions to the start of 2014. After this initial 50-year period, existing withdrawals, additional proposed withdrawals, and consequent effects were simulated for periods of 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years.
\nDownward trends in water levels measured in wells indicate that the existing groundwater withdrawals in Snake Valley are affecting water levels. The numerical model simulated similar downward trends in water levels. The largest simulated drawdowns caused by existing groundwater withdrawals ranged between 10 and 26 feet and were near the centers of the agricultural areas by Callao, Eskdale, Baker, Garrison, and along the Utah-Nevada state line in southern Snake Valley. The largest simulated water-level declines were at the Bureau of Land Management water-rights sites near Eskdale, Utah, where simulated drawdowns ranged between 2 and 8 feet at the start of 2014. These results were consistent with, but lower than, observations from several wells monitored by the U.S. Geological Survey that indicated water-level declines of 6 to 18 feet near the Eskdale area since the mid-1970s and 1980s. The model cells where the simulated capture of natural groundwater discharge resulting from the existing withdrawals was greatest were those containing Kane Spring, Caine Spring, and Unnamed Spring 5, where existing groundwater withdrawals capture 13 to 29 percent of the total simulated natural discharge in these cells.
\nSimulated drawdown and simulated capture of natural groundwater discharge resulting from the proposed withdrawals started in as few as 5 years at seven of the sites. After 100 years, four sites showed simulated drawdowns ranging between 1 and 2 feet; eight sites showed simulated drawdowns ranging between 0.1 and 0.9 feet; and five sites showed no simulated drawdown resulting from the proposed withdrawals. The largest amounts of simulated capture of natural groundwater discharge resulting from the proposed withdrawals after 100 years were in the model cells containing Coyote Spring, Kane Spring, and Caine Spring, which had capture amounts ranging between 5.5 and 9.1 percent of the total simulated natural discharge in these cells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Masbruch, M.D., and Gardner, P.M., 2014, Potential effects of existing and proposed groundwater withdrawals on water levels and natural groundwater discharge in Snake Valley, Juab and Millard Counties, Utah, White Pine County, Nevada, and surrounding areas in Utah and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1176, Report: vi, 24 p.; Appendix Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141176.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 24 p.; Appendix Tables","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055285","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295072,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1176/pdf/ofr2014-1176.pdf"},{"id":295073,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1176/downloads/ofr2014-1176_appendixes.xlsx"},{"id":295074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141176.jpg"},{"id":295071,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1176/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","county":"Juab County, Millard County, White Pine County","otherGeospatial":"Snake Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5434f289e4b0a4f4b46a2364","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masbruch, Melissa D. 0000-0001-6568-160X mmasbruch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-160X","contributorId":1902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masbruch","given":"Melissa","email":"mmasbruch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Philip M. 0000-0003-3005-3587 pgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-3587","contributorId":962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Philip","email":"pgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70124024,"text":"ofr20141197 - 2014 - An evaluation of remote sensing technologies for the detection of residual contamination at ready-for-anticipated use sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T12:55:39","indexId":"ofr20141197","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-07T12:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1197","title":"An evaluation of remote sensing technologies for the detection of residual contamination at ready-for-anticipated use sites","docAbstract":"Operational problems with site access and information, XRF instrument operation, and imagery collections hampered the effective data collection and analysis process. Of the 24 sites imaged and analyzed, 17 appeared to be relatively clean with no discernible metal contamination, hydrocarbons, or asbestos in the soil. None of the samples for the sites in Louisiana had any result exceeding the appropriate industrial or residential standard for arsenic or lead. One site in South Carolina (North Street Dump) had two samples that exceeded the residential standard for lead. One site in Texas (Cadiz Street), and four sites in Florida (210 North 12th Street, Encore Retail Site, Clearwater Auto, and 22nd Street Mixed Use) were found to have some level of residual metal contamination above the applicable residential or commercial Risk-Based Concentration (RBC) standard. Three of the Florida sites showing metal contamination also showed a pattern of vegetation stress based on standard vegetation analysis techniques.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141197","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, E., and Fisher, G.B., 2014, An evaluation of remote sensing technologies for the detection of residual contamination at ready-for-anticipated use sites: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1197, v, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141197.","productDescription":"v, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057068","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141197.jpg"},{"id":295015,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1197/"},{"id":295016,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1197/pdf/of2014-1197.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina, Texas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5434f285e4b0a4f4b46a2358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slonecker, E. Terrence","contributorId":20677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E. Terrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Gary B. gfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":3034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Gary","email":"gfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":500566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70123518,"text":"ofr20141192 - 2014 - Quality of surface-water supplies in the Triangle area of North Carolina, water year 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T16:54:35","indexId":"ofr20141192","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-02T11:03:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1192","title":"Quality of surface-water supplies in the Triangle area of North Carolina, water year 2009","docAbstract":"Surface-water supplies are important sources of drinking water for residents in the Triangle area of North Carolina, which is located within the upper Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins. Since 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey and a consortium of governments have tracked water-quality conditions and trends in several of the area’s water-supply lakes and streams. This report summarizes data collected through this cooperative effort, known as the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, during October 2008 through September 2009. Major findings for this period include:
\n- Annual precipitation was approximately 20 percent below the long-term mean (average) annual precipitation.
\n\n- Streamflow was below the long-term mean at the 10 project streamgages during most of the year.
\n\n- More than 7,000 individual measurements of water quality were made at a total of 26 sites—15 in the Neuse River Basin and 11 in the Cape Fear River Basin. Forty-seven water-quality properties and constituents were measured.
\n\n- All observations met North Carolina water-quality standards for water temperature, pH, hardness, chloride, fluoride, sulfate, nitrate, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, and selenium.
\n\n- North Carolina water-quality standards were exceeded one or more times for dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen percent saturation, chlorophyll a, mercury, copper, iron, manganese, silver, and zinc. Exceedances occurred at 23 sites—13 in the Neuse River Basin and 10 in the Cape Fear River Basin.
\n\n- Stream samples collected during storm events contained elevated concentrations of 18 water-quality constituents compared to samples collected during non-storm events.
\n\n- Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were within ranges observed during previous years.
\n\n- Five reservoirs had chlorophyll a concentrations in excess of 40 micrograms per liter at least once during 2009: Little River Reservoir, Falls Lake, Cane Creek Reservoir, University Lake, and Jordan Lake.
National parks in the North Coast and Cascades Network (NCCN) can fulfill vital roles as refuges for bird species dependent on late-successional forest conditions and as reference sites for assessing the effects of land-use and land-cover changes on bird populations throughout the larger Pacific Northwest region. Additionally, long-term monitoring of landbirds throughout the NCCN provides information that can inform decisions about important management issues in the parks, including visitor impacts, fire management, and the effects of introduced species. In 2005, the NCCN began implementing a network-wide Landbird Monitoring Project as part of the NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program. In this report, we discuss 8-year trends (2005–12) of bird populations in the NCCN, based on a sampling framework of point counts established in three large wilderness parks (Mount Rainier, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks), 7-year trends at Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (sampled in 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012), and 5-year trends at San Juan Islands National Historical Park (sampled in 2007, 2009, and 2011). Our analysis encompasses a fairly short time span for this long-term monitoring program. The first 2 years of the time series (2005 and 2006) were implemented as part of a limited pilot study that included only a small subset of the transects. The subsequent 6 years (2007–12) represent just a single cycle through 5 years of alternating panels of transects in the large parks, with the first of five alternating panels revisited for the first time in 2012. Of 204 transects that comprise the six sampling panels in the large parks, only 68 (one-third) have thus been eligible for revisit surveys (34 during every year after 2005, and an additional 34 only in 2012) and can contribute to our current trend estimates. We therefore initiated the current analysis with a primary goal of testing our analytical procedures rather than detecting trends that might be strong enough to drive conservation or management decisions in the parks or elsewhere. We expect that aggregated trend detection results may change substantially over the next several years, as the number of transects with revisit histories triples and the spatial dispersion of transects contributing to trend estimates also improves greatly. In the meantime, caution should be exercised in interpreting the importance of trends, as individual years can have very large influences on the direction and magnitude of trends in a time series of such limited duration (and limited numbers of repeat visits at the small parks). Nevertheless, we estimated trends for 43 species at Mount Rainier National Park, 53 species at North Cascades National Park Complex, and 41 species at Olympic National Park. Of 137 park-species combinations (including combined-park analyses), we found 16 significant decreases (12 percent) and five significant increases (4 percent).
\nWe identify several limitations of the current analytical framework for trend assessment but suggest that the overall sampling design is strong and amenable to analysis by more recently developed model-based methods. These could provide a more flexible framework for examining trends and other population parameters of interest, as well as testing hypotheses that relate the distribution and abundance of species to environmental covariates. A model-based approach would allow for modeling various components of the detection process and analyzing observations (detection process), population state (occupancy, population size, density), and change (trend, local extinction and colonization rates turnover) simultaneously. Finally, we also evaluate operational aspects of NCCN Landbird Monitoring Project, and conclude that our robust, multi-party partnership is successfully implementing the project as it was envisioned.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141202","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and The Institute for Bird Populations","usgsCitation":"Saracco, J., Holmgren, A.L., Wilkerson, R.L., Siegel, R.B., Kuntz, R.C., Jenkins, K.J., Happe, P.J., Boetsch, J.R., and Huff, M.H., 2014, Landbird trends in national parks of the North Coast and Cascades Network, 2005-12: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1202, Report: v, 36 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141202.","productDescription":"Report: v, 36 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055491","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141202.jpg"},{"id":294574,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1202/"},{"id":294586,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1202/pdf/ofr2014-1202.pdf"},{"id":294596,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1202/downloads/ofr2014-1202_appendix3.pdf"},{"id":294595,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1202/downloads/ofr2014-1202_appendix2.pdf"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"British Columbia;Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.88,45.8608 ], [ -124.88,49.3817 ], [ -120.6473,49.3817 ], [ -120.6473,45.8608 ], [ -124.88,45.8608 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a66afe4b01535cb427272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saracco, James F.","contributorId":23680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saracco","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmgren, Amanda L.","contributorId":40914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmgren","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilkerson, Robert L.","contributorId":56320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkerson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegel, Rodney B.","contributorId":37019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuntz, Robert C. II","contributorId":83213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuntz","given":"Robert","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Happe, Patricia J.","contributorId":50983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Happe","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16133,"text":"National Park Service, Olympic National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":501462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boetsch, John R.","contributorId":36236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boetsch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Huff, Mark H.","contributorId":73296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70122945,"text":"ofr20141183 - 2014 - User's manual for the upper Delaware River riverine environmental flow decision support system (REFDSS), Version 1.1.2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-25T09:30:55","indexId":"ofr20141183","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-25T09:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1183","title":"User's manual for the upper Delaware River riverine environmental flow decision support system (REFDSS), Version 1.1.2","docAbstract":"Between 2002 and 2006, the Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted field surveys, organized workshops, and performed analysis of habitat for trout and shad in the Upper Delaware River Basin. This work culminated in the development of decision support system software (the Delaware River DSS–DRDSS, Bovee and others, 2007) that works in conjunction with the Delaware River Basin Commission’s reservoir operations model, OASIS, to facilitate comparison of the habitat and water-delivery effects of alternative operating scenarios for the Basin. This original DRDSS application was developed in Microsoft Excel and is available to all interested parties through the FORT web site (http://www.fort.usgs.gov/Products/Software/DRDSS/).
\nInitial user feedback on the original Excel-based DSS highlighted the need for a more user-friendly and powerful interface to effectively deliver the complex data and analyses encapsulated in the DSS. In order to meet this need, the USGS FORT and Northern Appalachian Research Branch (NARB) developed an entirely new graphical user interface (GUI) application. Support for this research was through the DOI WaterSmart program (http://www.doi.gov/watersmart/html/index.php) of which the USGS component is the National Water Census (http://water.usgs.gov/watercensus/WaterSMART.html). The content and methodology of the new GUI interface emulates those of the original DSS with a few exceptions listed below. Refer to Bovee and others (2007) for the original information. Significant alterations to the original DSS include:
\n• We moved from Excel-based data storage and processing to a more powerful database back end powered by SQLite. The most notable effect of this is that the previous maximum temporal extent of 10 years has been replaced by a dynamic extent that can now cover the entire period of record for which we have data (1928–2000).
\n• We incorporated interactive geographic information system (GIS) visualization and dynamic data processing. Previous habitat maps were generated outside of the DSS in an ad hoc process that the end user could not update or investigate.
\n• The original bathymetric data collected in 2005 at the three main stem reaches was augmented with a higher resolution dataset collected in 2010. This new dataset was collected in order to conduct higher resolution (finer pixel size) two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic modeling for evaluating dwarf wedgemussel (DWM, Alasmidonta heterodon) habitat.
\n• Results charts are now substantially more interactive, dynamic, and accessible, which allows users to more easily focus on their particular topics of interest as well as drill down to the source data used to calculate given results.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141183","usgsCitation":"Talbert, C., Maloney, K.O., Holmquist-Johnson, C., and Hanson, L., 2014, User's manual for the upper Delaware River riverine environmental flow decision support system (REFDSS), Version 1.1.2: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1183, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141183.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052908","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141183.jpg"},{"id":294458,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1183/pdf/ofr2014-1183.pdf"},{"id":294457,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1183/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252090e4b0e641df8a6dd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbert, Colin talbertc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbert","given":"Colin","email":"talbertc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmquist-Johnson, Chris","contributorId":27803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmquist-Johnson","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanson, Leanne hansonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Leanne","email":"hansonl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70119724,"text":"ofr20141157 - 2014 - Surficial geologic map of the Red Rock Lakes area, southwest Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T16:55:14","indexId":"ofr20141157","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T16:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1157","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Red Rock Lakes area, southwest Montana","docAbstract":"The Centennial Valley and Centennial Range continue to be formed by ongoing displacement on the Centennial fault. The dominant fault movement is downward, creating space in the valley for lakes and the deposition of sediment. The Centennial Valley originally drained to the northeast through a canyon now represented by a chain of lakes starting with Elk Lake. Subsequently, large landslides blocked and dammed the drainage, which created Lake Centennial, in the Centennial Valley. Sediments deposited in this late Pleistocene lake underlie much of the valley floor and rest on permeable sand and gravel deposited when the valley drained to the northeast. Cold Pleistocene climates enhanced colluvial supply of gravelly sediment to mountain streams and high peak flows carried gravelly sediment into the valley. There, the lower gradient of the streams resulted in deposition of alluvial fans peripheral to Lake Centennial as the lake lowered through time to the level of the two present lakes. Pleistocene glaciers formed in the high Centennial Range, built glacial moraines, and also supplied glacial outwash to the alluvial fans. Winds from the west and south blew sand to the northeast side of the valley building up high dunes.
\nThe central part of the map area is flat, sloping to the west by only 0.6 meters in 13 kilometers (2 feet in 8 miles) to form a watery lowland. This lowland contains Upper and Lower Red Rock Lakes, many ponds, and peat lands inside the “water plane,” above which are somewhat steeper slopes. The permeable sands and gravels beneath Lake Centennial sediments provide a path for groundwater recharged from the adjacent uplands. This groundwater leaks upward through Lake Centennial sediments and sustains wetland vegetation into late summer. Upper and Lower Red Rock Lakes are formed by alluvial-fan dams. Alluvial fans converge from both the south and the north to form outlet thresholds that dam the two shallow lakes upstream. The surficial geology aids in understanding how the landscapes in and around the Red Rock Lakes Wildlife Refuge were formed and how they transmit water.
\nThis report uses metric units except for altitudes that are also given in feet because contours on the base map are in feet and the reader would have to convert from metric units to feet to understand the map relationships.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141157","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., Chesley-Preston, T., and Sojda, R., 2014, Surficial geologic map of the Red Rock Lakes area, southwest Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1157, Report: iv, 22 p.; 1 Plate: 60.97 x 40.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141157.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 22 p.; 1 Plate: 60.97 x 40.57 inches","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038722","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141157.jpg"},{"id":294397,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1157/"},{"id":294398,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1157/pdf/ofr2014-1157_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":294399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1157/pdf/ofr2014-1157.pdf"},{"id":294400,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1157/downloads/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Red Rock Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.50,44.25 ], [ -112.50,45.00 ], [ -111.00,45.00 ], [ -111.00,44.25 ], [ -112.50,44.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422baf9e4b08312ac7cee87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chesley-Preston, Tara L.","contributorId":58938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesley-Preston","given":"Tara L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sojda, Richard L.","contributorId":95822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"Richard L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70126551,"text":"ofr20141196 - 2014 - Report on workshop to incorporate basin response in the design of tall buildings in the Puget Sound region, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T16:28:44","indexId":"ofr20141196","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T16:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1196","title":"Report on workshop to incorporate basin response in the design of tall buildings in the Puget Sound region, Washington","docAbstract":"On March 4, 2013, the City of Seattle and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) convened a workshop of 25 engineers and seismologists to provide recommendations to the City for the incorporation of amplification of earthquake ground shaking by the Seattle sedimentary basin in the design of tall buildings in Seattle. The workshop was initiated and organized by Susan Chang, a geotechnical engineer with the City of Seattle Department of Planning and Development, along with Art Frankel and Craig Weaver of the USGS. C.B. Crouse of URS Corporation, Seattle made key suggestions for the agenda. The USGS provided travel support for most of the out-of-town participants.
\nThe agenda and invited attendees are given in the appendix. The attendees included geotechnical and structural engineers working in Seattle, engineers with experience utilizing basin response factors in other regions, and seismologists who have studied basin response in a variety of locations. In this report, we summarize the technical presentations and the recommendations from the workshop.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141196","usgsCitation":"Chang, S., Frankel, A.D., and Weaver, C.S., 2014, Report on workshop to incorporate basin response in the design of tall buildings in the Puget Sound region, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1196, v, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141196.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055787","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141196.PNG"},{"id":294394,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1196/"},{"id":294395,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1196/pdf/ofr2014-1196.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0859,47.0346 ], [ -123.0859,48.4526 ], [ -122.2023,48.4526 ], [ -122.2023,47.0346 ], [ -123.0859,47.0346 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422baf8e4b08312ac7cee79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Susan","contributorId":39706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":1363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, Craig S. craig@usgs.gov","contributorId":2690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Craig","email":"craig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70123803,"text":"ofr20141195 - 2014 - A compilation of K-Ar-ages for southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T15:34:48","indexId":"ofr20141195","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-23T14:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1195","title":"A compilation of K-Ar-ages for southern California","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to make available a large body of conventional K-Ar ages for granitic, volcanic, and metamorphic rocks collected in southern California. Although one interpretive map is included, the report consists primarily of a systematic listing, without discussion or interpretation, of published and unpublished ages that may be of value in future regional and other geologic studies.
\nFrom 1973 to 1979, 468 rock samples from southern California were collected for conventional K-Ar dating under a regional geologic mapping project of Southern California (predecessor of the Southern California Areal Mapping Project). Most samples were collected and dated between 1974 and 1977. For 61 samples (13 percent of those collected), either they were discarded for varying reasons, or the original collection data were lost. For the remaining samples, 518 conventional K-Ar ages are reported here; coexisting mineral pairs were dated from many samples. Of these K-Ar ages, 225 are previously unpublished, and identified as such in table 1. All K-Ar ages are by conventional K-Ar analysis; no 40Ar/39Ar dating was done.
\nSubsequent to the rock samples collected in the 1970s and reported here, 33 samples were collected and 38 conventional K-Ar ages determined under projects directed at (1) characterization of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic igneous rocks in and on both sides of the Transverse Ranges and (2) clarifying the Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics of the eastern Mojave Desert. Although previously published (Beckerman et al., 1982), another eight samples and 11 conventional K-Ar ages are included here, because they augment those completed under the previous two projects.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141195","usgsCitation":"Miller, F.K., Morton, D.M., Morton, J.L., and Miller, D., 2014, A compilation of K-Ar-ages for southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1195, Report: iii, 3 p.; 2 Plates: 22.64 x 17.02 inches; 1 Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141195.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 3 p.; 2 Plates: 22.64 x 17.02 inches; 1 Table","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-039180","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141195.JPG"},{"id":294362,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1195/downloads/ofr2014-1195_fig2.pdf"},{"id":294363,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1195/downloads/ofr2014-1195_table1.docx"},{"id":294360,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1195/pdf/ofr2014-1195.pdf"},{"id":294361,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1195/downloads/ofr2014-1195_fig1.pdf"},{"id":293509,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1195/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.00,33.25 ], [ -119.00,35.50 ], [ -115.00,35.50 ], [ -115.00,33.25 ], [ -119.00,33.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bae5e4b08312ac7cedf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Fred K.","contributorId":89503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":500294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, Janet L.","contributorId":37269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70125988,"text":"ofr20141204 - 2014 - Correlations of turbidity to suspended-sediment concentration in the Toutle River Basin, near Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2010-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T08:12:32","indexId":"ofr20141204","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-22T20:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1204","title":"Correlations of turbidity to suspended-sediment concentration in the Toutle River Basin, near Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2010-11","docAbstract":"Researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, investigated alternative methods for the traditional sample-based sediment record procedure in determining suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) and discharge. One such sediment-surrogate technique was developed using turbidity and discharge to estimate SSC for two gaging stations in the Toutle River Basin near Mount St. Helens, Washington. To provide context for the study, methods for collecting sediment data and monitoring turbidity are discussed. Statistical methods used include the development of ordinary least squares regression models for each gaging station. Issues of time-related autocorrelation also are evaluated. Addition of lagged explanatory variables was used to account for autocorrelation in the turbidity, discharge, and SSC data. Final regression model equations and plots are presented for the two gaging stations. The regression models support near-real-time estimates of SSC and improved suspended-sediment discharge records by incorporating continuous instream turbidity. Future use of such models may potentially lower the costs of sediment monitoring by reducing time it takes to collect and process samples and to derive a sediment-discharge record.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141204","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District","usgsCitation":"Uhrich, M.A., Kolasinac, J., Booth, P.L., Fountain, R.L., Spicer, K.R., and Mosbrucker, A., 2014, Correlations of turbidity to suspended-sediment concentration in the Toutle River Basin, near Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2010-11: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1204, Report: vi, 30 p.; Appendixes: A, B, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141204.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 30 p.; Appendixes: A, B","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-051147","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141204.jpg"},{"id":294279,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1204/downloads/ofr2014-1204_appendixA.xlsx"},{"id":294270,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1204/"},{"id":294278,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1204/pdf/ofr2014-1204.pdf"},{"id":294280,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1204/downloads/ofr2014-1204_appendixB.xlsx"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens;Toutle River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0,46.0 ], [ -123.0,46.45 ], [ -122.0,46.45 ], [ -122.0,46.0 ], [ -123.0,46.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54212c06e4b06fb4967a168a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Uhrich, Mark A. 0000-0002-5202-8086 mauhrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-8086","contributorId":1149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhrich","given":"Mark","email":"mauhrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolasinac, Jasna jkolasin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolasinac","given":"Jasna","email":"jkolasin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":501859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Booth, Pamela L.","contributorId":103974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fountain, Robert L.","contributorId":42148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mosbrucker, Adam R. 0000-0003-0298-0324","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-0324","contributorId":33640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosbrucker","given":"Adam R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70123760,"text":"ofr20141138 - 2014 - Magnetic resonance sounding survey data collected in the North Platte, Twin Platte, and South Platte Natural Resource Districts, Western Nebraska, Fall 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-19T12:14:52","indexId":"ofr20141138","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-19T12:11:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1138","title":"Magnetic resonance sounding survey data collected in the North Platte, Twin Platte, and South Platte Natural Resource Districts, Western Nebraska, Fall 2012","docAbstract":"This report is a release of digital data and associated survey descriptions from a series of magnetic resonance soundings (MRS, also known as surface nuclear magnetic resonance) that was conducted during October and November of 2012 in areas of western Nebraska as part of a cooperative hydrologic study by the North Platte Natural Resource District (NRD), South Platte NRD, Twin Platte NRD, the Nebraska Environmental Trust, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The objective of the study was to delineate the base-of-aquifer and refine the understanding of the hydrologic properties in the aquifer system. The MRS technique non-invasively measures water content in the subsurface, which makes it a useful tool for hydrologic investigations in the near surface (up to depths of approximately 150 meters). In total, 14 MRS production-level soundings were acquired by the USGS over an area of approximately 10,600 square kilometers. The data are presented here in digital format, along with acquisition information, survey and site descriptions, and metadata.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141138","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District, the South Platte Natural Resources District, the Twin Platte Natural Resources District, the Nebraska Environmental Trust, and the University of Nebraska Conservation and Survey Division","usgsCitation":"Kass, M.A., Bloss, B., Irons, T.P., Cannia, J.C., and Abraham, J., 2014, Magnetic resonance sounding survey data collected in the North Platte, Twin Platte, and South Platte Natural Resource Districts, Western Nebraska, Fall 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1138, Report: viii, 18 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141138.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 18 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"29","ipdsId":"IP-050655","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141138.jpg"},{"id":294223,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1138/pdf/ofr2014-1138.pdf"},{"id":294221,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1138/"},{"id":294222,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1138/GIS_data"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"North Platte;Twin Platte;South Platte Natural Resource Districts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.14,40.74 ], [ -104.14,41.96 ], [ -99.44,41.96 ], [ -99.44,40.74 ], [ -104.14,40.74 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541d378de4b0f68901ebd9ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kass, Mason A. 0000-0001-6119-2593 mkass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6119-2593","contributorId":613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kass","given":"Mason","email":"mkass@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bloss, Benjamin R.","contributorId":19446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloss","given":"Benjamin R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irons, Trevor P. tirons@usgs.gov","contributorId":4851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irons","given":"Trevor","email":"tirons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":500225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannia, James C.","contributorId":94356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abraham, Jared D.","contributorId":42630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70120312,"text":"ofr20141174 - 2014 - Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-19T08:31:14","indexId":"ofr20141174","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-19T08:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1174","title":"Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2013","docAbstract":"Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in South San Francisco Bay, Calif. This report includes the data collected by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists for the period January 2013 to December 2013. These data serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.
\nFollowing significant reductions in the late 1980s, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) concentrations in sediment and M. petalum appear to have stabilized. Data for other metals, including chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn), have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements have remained relatively constant, aside from seasonal variation that is common to all elements. In 2013, concentrations of Ag and Cu in M. petalum varied seasonally in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and annual growth and reproduction, as reported previously. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including Cr, Ni, Zn, Hg, and Se, were generally similar in timing and magnitude as those for Ag and Cu. In M. petalum, all observed elements showed annual maxima in January–February and minima in April, except for Zn, which was lowest in December. In sediments, annual maxima also occurred in January–February, and minima were measured in June and September. In 2013, metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue were among the lowest concentrations on record. This record suggests that regional-scale factors now largely control sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of Ag and Cu, as well as other elements of regulatory interest, at the Palo Alto site.
\nAnalyses of the benthic community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 40-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of the M. petalum community shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable (2013), with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. The community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals; both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly in 2011–2012 and returned to pre-2011 numbers in 2013. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for those deep-dwelling animals like Macoma petalum. Animals immediately returned to the mudflat in 2008, which was the first indication that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or to anoxia. The reproductive mode of most species present in 2013 is reflective of the species that were available either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2013 benthic community data, which show that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of animals that consume the sediment, filter feed, have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and brood their young. USGS scientists continue to observe the community’s response to the 2008 defaunation event because it allows them to examine the response of the community to a natural disturbance (possible causes include sediment accretion or freshwater inundation) and compare this recovery to the long-term recovery observed in the 1970s when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Dyke, J., Cain, D.J., Thompson, J.K., Kleckner, A.E., Parcheso, F., Hornberger, M.I., and Luoma, S.N., 2014, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1174, Report: vii, 81 p.; Tables; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141174.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 81 p.; Tables; Appendixes","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056078","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141174.jpg"},{"id":294195,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1174/pdf/ofr2014-1174.pdf"},{"id":294196,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1174/downloads/ofr2014-1174_tables.xlsx"},{"id":294197,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1174/downloads/ofr2014-1174_appendixes.xlsx"},{"id":294193,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1174/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palo Alto","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.198736,37.359278 ], [ -122.198736,37.600546 ], [ -121.899568,37.600546 ], [ -121.899568,37.359278 ], [ -122.198736,37.359278 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541d378ee4b0f68901ebd9bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleckner, Amy E. kleckner@usgs.gov","contributorId":4258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleckner","given":"Amy","email":"kleckner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70125660,"text":"ofr20141188 - 2014 - Legacy data for a northern prairie grassland: Woodworth Study Area, North Dakota, 1963-89","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-17T12:47:10","indexId":"ofr20141188","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-17T12:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1188","title":"Legacy data for a northern prairie grassland: Woodworth Study Area, North Dakota, 1963-89","docAbstract":"Ecological data commonly become more valuable through time. Such legacy data provide baseline records of past biological, physical, and social information that provide historical perspective and are necessary for assessment of stasis or change. Legacy data collected at the Woodworth Study Area (WSA), a contiguous block of grasslands, croplands, and wetlands covering more than 1,000 hectares of the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, are cataloged and summarized in this study. The WSA is one of the longest researched grassland sites in the Upper Midwest. It has an extensive history of settlement, land use, and management that provides a deeper context for future research. The WSA data include long-term vegetation transect records, land use history, habitat management records, geologic information, wetland hydrology and chemistry information, and spatial images. Substantial parts of these data have not been previously reported. The WSA is representative of many other lands purchased by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the Prairie Pothole Region from the 1930s to the 1970s; therefore, synthesized data from the WSA are broadly applicable to topics of concern in northern grasslands, such as increases in non-native plants, managing for biodiversity, and long-term effects of habitat management. New techniques are also described that were used to preserve these data for future analyses. The data preservation techniques are applicable to any project with data that should be preserved for 100 years or more.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141188","usgsCitation":"Williams, S.H., and Austin, J., 2014, Legacy data for a northern prairie grassland: Woodworth Study Area, North Dakota, 1963-89: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1188, viii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141188.","productDescription":"viii, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1963-01-01","temporalEnd":"1989-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056719","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141188.jpg"},{"id":294047,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1188/"},{"id":294049,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1188/pdf/ofr2014-1188.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.05,45.9351 ], [ -104.05,49.0007 ], [ -96.5545,49.0007 ], [ -96.5545,45.9351 ], [ -104.05,45.9351 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541a9491e4b01571b3d4cc50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Shelby H. shwilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":5944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Shelby","email":"shwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":501566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Austin, Jane E.","contributorId":43094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70121300,"text":"ofr20141158 - 2014 - Two decision-support tools for assessing the potential effects of energy development on hydrologic resources as part of the Energy and Environment in the Rocky Mountain Area interactive energy atlas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T16:13:29","indexId":"ofr20141158","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-16T12:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1158","title":"Two decision-support tools for assessing the potential effects of energy development on hydrologic resources as part of the Energy and Environment in the Rocky Mountain Area interactive energy atlas","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey project—Energy and Environment in the Rocky Mountain Area (EERMA)—has developed a set of virtual tools in the form of an online interactive energy atlas for Colorado and New Mexico to facilitate access to geospatial data related to energy resources, energy infrastructure, and natural resources that may be affected by energy development. The interactive energy atlas currently (2014) consists of three components: (1) a series of interactive maps; (2) downloadable geospatial datasets; and (3) decison-support tools, including two maps related to hydrologic resources discussed in this report. The hydrologic-resource maps can be used to examine the potential effects of energy development on hydrologic resources with respect to (1) groundwater vulnerability, by using the depth to water, recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer (DRASTIC) model, and (2) landscape erosion potential, by using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). The DRASTIC aquifer vulnerability index value for the two-State area ranges from 48 to 199. Higher values, indicating greater relative aquifer vulnerability, are centered in south-central Colorado, areas in southeastern New Mexico, and along riparian corridors in both States—all areas where the water table is relatively close to the land surface and the aquifer is more susceptible to surface influences. As calculated by the RUSLE model, potential mean annual erosion, as soil loss in units of tons per acre per year, ranges from 0 to 12,576 over the two-State area. The RUSLE model calculated low erosion potential over most of Colorado and New Mexico, with predictions of highest erosion potential largely confined to areas of mountains or escarpments. An example is presented of how a fully interactive RUSLE model could be further used as a decision-support tool to evaluate the potential hydrologic effects of energy development on a site-specific basis and to explore the effectiveness of various mitigation practices.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141158","usgsCitation":"Linard, J.I., Matherne, A.M., Leib, K.J., Carr, N.B., Diffendorfer, J., Hawkins, S.J., Latysh, N., Ignizio, D., and Babel, N.C., 2014, Two decision-support tools for assessing the potential effects of energy development on hydrologic resources as part of the Energy and Environment in the Rocky Mountain Area interactive energy atlas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1158, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141158.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057229","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141158.jpg"},{"id":293953,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1158/"},{"id":293954,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1158/pdf/ofr2014-1158.pdf"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado;New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.00,31.00 ], [ -111.00,41.00 ], [ -102.00,41.00 ], [ -102.00,31.00 ], [ -111.00,31.00 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5419430de4b091c7ffc8e524","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linard, Joshua I. jilinard@usgs.gov","contributorId":1465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linard","given":"Joshua","email":"jilinard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matherne, Anne Marie 0000-0002-5873-2226 matherne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-2226","contributorId":303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matherne","given":"Anne","email":"matherne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leib, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-0373-0768 kjleib@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-0768","contributorId":701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjleib@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carr, Natasha B. 0000-0002-4842-0632 carrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4842-0632","contributorId":1918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Natasha","email":"carrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hawkins, Sarah J. 0000-0002-1878-9121 shawkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1878-9121","contributorId":4818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkins","given":"Sarah","email":"shawkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Latysh, Natalie 0000-0003-0149-3962 nlatysh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-3962","contributorId":1356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latysh","given":"Natalie","email":"nlatysh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5060,"text":"Data Preservation Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ignizio, Drew A. 0000-0001-8054-5139 dignizio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-5139","contributorId":4822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ignizio","given":"Drew A.","email":"dignizio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Babel, Nils C.","contributorId":42862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babel","given":"Nils","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70122984,"text":"ofr20141180 - 2014 - Decision analysis of mitigation and remediation of sedimentation within large wetland systems: a case study using Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:04:50","indexId":"ofr20141180","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-16T08:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1180","title":"Decision analysis of mitigation and remediation of sedimentation within large wetland systems: a case study using Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"Sedimentation has been identified as an important stressor across a range of wetland systems. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has the responsibility of maintaining wetlands within its National Wildlife Refuge System for use by migratory waterbirds and other wildlife. Many of these wetlands could be negatively affected by accelerated rates of sedimentation, especially those located in agricultural parts of the landscape. In this report we document the results of a decision analysis project designed to help U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service staff at the Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge (herein referred to as the Refuge) determine a strategy for managing and mitigating the negative effects of sediment loading within Refuge wetlands. The Refuge’s largest wetland, Agassiz Pool, has accumulated so much sediment that it has become dominated by hybrid cattail (Typha × glauca), and the ability of the staff to control water levels in the Agassiz Pool has been substantially reduced. This project consisted of a workshop with Refuge staff, local and regional stakeholders, and several technical and scientific experts. At the workshop we established Refuge management and stakeholder objectives, a range of possible management strategies, and assessed the consequences of those strategies. After deliberating a range of actions, the staff chose to consider the following three strategies: (1) an inexpensive strategy, which largely focused on using outreach to reduce external sediment inputs to the Refuge; (2) the most expensive option, which built on the first option and relied on additional infrastructure changes to the Refuge to increase management capacity; and (3) a strategy that was less expensive than strategy 2 and relied mostly on existing infrastructure to improve management capacity. Despite the fact that our assessments were qualitative, Refuge staff decided they had enough information to select the third strategy. Following our qualitative assessment, we discussed additional considerations and uncertainties that might affect implementation of this strategy.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141180","usgsCitation":"Post van der Burg, M., Jenni, K., Nieman, T.L., Eash, J.D., and Knutsen, G.A., 2014, Decision analysis of mitigation and remediation of sedimentation within large wetland systems: a case study using Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1180, vi, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141180.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054981","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293885,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141180.jpg"},{"id":293884,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1180/pdf/ofr2014-1180.pdf"},{"id":293862,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1180/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.0,47.0 ], [ -98.0,49.0 ], [ -94.0,49.0 ], [ -94.0,47.0 ], [ -98.0,47.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5419430ce4b091c7ffc8e50d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Post van der Burg, Max 0000-0002-3943-4194 maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-4194","contributorId":4947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post van der Burg","given":"Max","email":"maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenni, Karen E.","contributorId":21256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenni","given":"Karen E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nieman, Timothy L.","contributorId":103967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nieman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eash, Josh D.","contributorId":100933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"Josh","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knutsen, Gregory A.","contributorId":35247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutsen","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}