The Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP) aquifer system is a vital resource that supports agriculture in one of the most productive regions of the country. The U.S. Geological Survey Water Availability and Use Science Program (WAUSP) is conducting a multi-discipline investigation of the MAP aquifer system. The investigation is utilizing borehole, surface, and airborne geophysical methods to improve the characterization and understanding of the aquifer. The combination of geophysical data collected over a range of spatial scales with varying depths of investigation and resolution is key to determining the distribution of sand and clay within the aquifer. Mobile geophysical methods that enable continuous measurements over large areas improve aquifer characterization with their increased spatial coverage. In support of the MAP investigation, a new towed Time-Domain Electromagnetic (tTEM) imaging system developed by Aarhus University was used near Shellmound, Mississippi (MS), to delineate the distribution of coarse- and fine-grained sediments underlying the site. The tTEM results compare favorably with the results of airborne EM (AEM) surveys flown in the study and improve the resolution of sand and gravel distribution within the tTEM depth of investigation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2019","conferenceDate":"March 17-21, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Portland, OR","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental & Engineering Geophysical Society","doi":"10.4133/sageep.32-016","usgsCitation":"White, E.A., Johnson, C., Maurya, P.K., Kress, W., Kelly, D.B., and Lane, J.W., 2019, Use of a towed electromagnetic induction (tTem) system for shallow aquifer characterization – An example from the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, in Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems proceedings, Portland, OR, March 17-21, 2019, p. 63-66, https://doi.org/10.4133/sageep.32-016.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"66","ipdsId":"IP-103435","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","city":"Shellmound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.24645148318145,\n 33.628648000356236\n ],\n [\n -90.29175347584369,\n 33.628648000356236\n ],\n [\n -90.29175347584369,\n 33.56979122683195\n ],\n [\n -90.24645148318145,\n 33.56979122683195\n ],\n [\n -90.24645148318145,\n 33.628648000356236\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Eric A. 0000-0002-7782-146X eawhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-146X","contributorId":1737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Eric","email":"eawhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":886809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":245365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maurya, Pradip Kumar","contributorId":214855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maurya","given":"Pradip","email":"","middleInitial":"Kumar","affiliations":[{"id":13419,"text":"Aarhus University, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kress, Wade 0000-0002-6833-028X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-028X","contributorId":203539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kelly, David B.","contributorId":331136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":79132,"text":"Delta Joint Water Management District, MS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lane, John W. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":219742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70206908,"text":"70206908 - 2019 - Evidence for a role of arginine vasotocin (AVT) receptors in the gill during salinity acclimation by a euryhaline teleost fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-27T08:26:44","indexId":"70206908","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-27T08:25:40","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":730,"text":"American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology","onlineIssn":"1522-1490","printIssn":"0363-6119","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for a role of arginine vasotocin (AVT) receptors in the gill during salinity acclimation by a euryhaline teleost fish","docAbstract":"The neurohypophysial nonapeptide arginine vasotocin (AVT) plays a role in regulation of osmotic balance in teleost fishes, but its mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Recently, is was discovered that nonapeptide receptors differentiated into V1a-type, several V2-type, and two isotocin (IT) receptor paralogs in teleost fishes, and it remains unclear which of these nonapeptide receptors mediate AVT’s action on gill osmoregulation. Here, we examine the role of nonapeptide receptors in gill osmoregulation by examining the transcriptional responses of gill nonapeptide receptors in euryhaline Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis) acclimated to 7.5 ppt salinity, and then transferred to fresh water (0.3 ppt), seawater (35 ppt), or hypersaline (55 ppt) conditions. Transcript abundance of the teleost V1a-type receptor v1a2 was up-regulated over 4-fold in gill 24 h after transfer of fish from 7.5 ppt to 35 ppt or 55 ppt, and down-regulated upon transfer to 0.3 ppt, but returned to baseline levels by 14 d after transfer when fish had re-established osmolality. Transcripts for the nonapeptide degradation enzyme leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP) also increased in the gill of fish acclimating to 35 ppt, but returned to baseline levels by 14 d. To test whether AVT’s effects on the gill might be mediated by a V1a-type receptor, we also administered exogenous AVT or a V1-type receptor antagonist (Manning compound) to pupfish acclimated to 7.5 ppt prior to transfer of fish to 0.4 ppt or 35 ppt. AVT inhibited the increase in gill Na+/Cl- cotransporter 2 (ncc2) mRNA abundance that occurs when fish are transferred to hypo-osmotic environments, and V1-type receptor antagonism increased mRNA levels for ncc2 even without a change in salinity. Pupfish transferred to 35 ppt also exhibited elevated gill mRNA abundance for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr), which diminished under V1-receptor inhibition. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for AVT acting via a V1-type receptor to regulate gill Cl- transport by inhibiting Cl- uptake and facilitating Cl- secretion during seawater acclimation.","language":"English","publisher":"American Physiological Society","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00328.2018","usgsCitation":"Lema, S., Washburn, E.H., Crowley, M.E., Carvalho, P.G., Egelston, J.N., and McCormick, S.D., 2019, Evidence for a role of arginine vasotocin (AVT) receptors in the gill during salinity acclimation by a euryhaline teleost fish: American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, v. 316, no. 6, p. R735-R750, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00328.2018.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"R735","endPage":"R750","ipdsId":"IP-100740","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00328.2018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"316","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lema, Sean C.","contributorId":220928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lema","given":"Sean C.","affiliations":[{"id":37658,"text":"California Polytechnic State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Washburn, Elise H","contributorId":220929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Washburn","given":"Elise","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":37658,"text":"California Polytechnic State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crowley, Mary E","contributorId":220930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crowley","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":37658,"text":"California Polytechnic State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carvalho, Paul G","contributorId":218808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carvalho","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":39917,"text":"Cal Poly","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Egelston, Jennifer N","contributorId":218809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egelston","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"N","affiliations":[{"id":39917,"text":"Cal Poly","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70202405,"text":"70202405 - 2019 - Estimation of ground motion variability in the CEUS using simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-26T11:40:52","indexId":"70202405","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-26T11:39:28","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimation of ground motion variability in the CEUS using simulations","docAbstract":"We estimate earthquake ground-motion variability in the central and eastern U.S. (CEUS) by varying the model parameters of a deterministic physics-based and a stochastic site-based simulation method. Utilizing a moderate-magnitude database of recordings, we simulate ground motions for larger-magnitude scenarios M6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0. For the physics-based method, we vary the faulting mechanism, slip, stress drop, rupture velocity, source depth, and 1D velocity structure. For the stochastic method, we simulate realizations using a set of six model parameters, each of which has a pre-assigned probability distribution. The median spectral accelerations over all synthetic realizations are compared with the NGA-East models. The synthetic standard deviation for deterministic simulations ranges from approximately 0.4 to 0.85 for various magnitudes and distances, whereas that for stochastic simulations is between 0.48 and 1.04. Based on the simulation results and comparisons with NGA-East variability models, a range for ground motion variability in the CEUS is discussed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"ICASP 13 Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"13th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (ICASP13)","conferenceDate":"May 26-30, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Seoul, South Korea","language":"English","publisher":"Seoul National University","doi":"10.22725/ICASP13.075","usgsCitation":"Sun, X., Rezaeian, S., Clayton, B., and Hartzell, S.H., 2019, Estimation of ground motion variability in the CEUS using simulations, in ICASP 13 Proceedings, Seoul, South Korea, May 26-30, 2019, 75; 8 p., https://doi.org/10.22725/ICASP13.075.","productDescription":"75; 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-105826","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758280,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Xiaodan","contributorId":139583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Xiaodan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rezaeian, Sanaz 0000-0001-7589-7893 srezaeian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-7893","contributorId":4395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rezaeian","given":"Sanaz","email":"srezaeian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clayton, Brandon 0000-0003-0502-7184 bclayton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0502-7184","contributorId":197196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"Brandon","email":"bclayton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70208130,"text":"70208130 - 2019 - Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis using stochastic simulated ground motions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-31T11:16:05","indexId":"70208130","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-26T11:10:52","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis using stochastic simulated ground motions","docAbstract":": In recent years, ground motion models used in probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHA) have evolved from the traditional approach of using ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) to using ground motion time series models. The purpose of this paper is to develop an approach to perform a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis using stochastic site-based simulation techniques. These techniques consist of empirical stochastic models that simulate both near-fault and far-field ground motion time series. The near-fault models consider directivity pulses, which can impose large seismic demands. The proposed approach was applied to a site located in Los Angeles Downtown and the corresponding hazard curves were developed. The results were compared to hazard curves derived for the same site from CyberShake, which uses a physics-based simulation approach, and from a traditional GMPE approach. The comparison indicated that the proposed methodology accurately describes the seismic hazard at the site at high hazard levels. The proposed approach is computationally efficient compared to the use of physics-based simulations like CyberShake.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of ICASP13","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"13th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering","conferenceDate":"May 26-30, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Seoul, South Korea","language":"English","publisher":"Seoul National University","doi":"10.22725/ICASP13.235","usgsCitation":"Azar, S., Dabaghi, M., and Rezaeian, S., 2019, Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis using stochastic simulated ground motions, in Proceedings of ICASP13, Seoul, South Korea, May 26-30, 2019, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.22725/ICASP13.235.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-105873","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Azar, Sarah","contributorId":221887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Azar","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40455,"text":"American University of Beirut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dabaghi, Mayssa","contributorId":221888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dabaghi","given":"Mayssa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40455,"text":"American University of Beirut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rezaeian, Sanaz 0000-0001-7589-7893 srezaeian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-7893","contributorId":4395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rezaeian","given":"Sanaz","email":"srezaeian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70215405,"text":"70215405 - 2019 - A three-pipe problem: Dealing with complexity to halt amphibian declines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-18T15:32:18.115391","indexId":"70215405","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-26T10:26:03","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A three-pipe problem: Dealing with complexity to halt amphibian declines","docAbstract":"Natural resource managers are increasingly faced with threats to managed ecosystems that are largely outside of their control. Examples include land development, climate change, invasive species, and emerging infectious diseases. All of these are characterized by large uncertainties in timing, magnitude, and effects on species. In many cases, the conservation of species will only be possible through concerted action on the limited elements of the system that managers can control. However, before an action is taken, a manager must decide how to act, which is, if done well, not easy. In addition to dealing with uncertainty, managers must balance multiple potentially competing objectives, often in cases when the management actions available to them are limited. Guidance in making these types of challenging decisions can be found in the practice known as decision analysis. We demonstrate how using a decision-analytic approach to frame decisions can help identify and address impediments to improved conservation decision making. We demonstrate the application of decision analysis to two high-elevation amphibian species. An inadequate focus on the decision-making process, and an assumption that scientific information is adequate to solve conservation problems, must be overcome to advance the conservation of amphibians and other highly threatened taxa.
1. Phenological mismatches – defined here as the difference in reproductive timing of an individual relative to the availability of its food resources – occur in many avian species. Mistiming breeding activities in environments with constrained breeding windows may have severe fitness costs due to reduced opportunities for repeated breeding attempts. Therefore, species occurring in alpine environments may be particularly vulnerable. 2. We studied fitness consequences of timing of breeding in an alpine-endemic species, the white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura), to investigate its influence on chick survival. We estimated phenological mismatch by measuring plant and arthropods used by ptarmigan in relation to their timing of breeding. 3. We monitored 120 nests and 67 broods over a three-year period (2013–2015) at three alpine study sites in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. During this same period we actively monitored food resource abundance in brood-use areas to develop year and site specific resource phenology curves. We developed several mismatch indices from these curves that were then fit as covariates in mark-recapture chick survival models. 4. A correlation analysis between seasonal changes in arthropod and food plant abundance indicated that a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was likely the best predictor for food available to hens and chicks. A survival model that included an interaction between NDVI mismatch and chick age received strong support and indicated young chicks were more susceptible to mismatch than older chicks. 5. We provide evidence that individual females of a resident alpine species can be negatively affected by phenological mismatch. Our study focused on individual females and did not examine if phenological mismatch was present at the population level. Future work in animal populations occurring in mountain systems focusing on a combination of both individual- and population- level metrics of mismatch will be beneficial.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.5290","usgsCitation":"Wann, G.T., Aldridge, C.L., Seglund, A.E., Oyler-McCance, S.J., Kondratieff, B.C., and Braun, C.E., 2019, Mismatches between breeding phenology and resource abundance of resident alpine ptarmigan negatively affect chick survival: Ecology and Evolution, v. 9, no. 12, p. 7200-7212, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5290.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"7200","endPage":"7212","ipdsId":"IP-108042","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5290","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wann, Gregory T 0000-0001-9076-7819","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-7819","contributorId":218685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wann","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":769908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seglund, Amy E.","contributorId":218686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seglund","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":39887,"text":"Colorado Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kondratieff, Boris C.","contributorId":24868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kondratieff","given":"Boris","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17860,"text":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Braun, Clait E.","contributorId":200013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braun","given":"Clait","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70208423,"text":"70208423 - 2019 - Implications of seismic design values for economic losses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-10T06:51:24","indexId":"70208423","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-26T06:50:15","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Implications of seismic design values for economic losses","docAbstract":"In the U.S., seismic design values are determined mostly through a risk-targeting process, which combines information about the expected collapse fragility of code-designed structures with seismic hazard at a site. However, this target only applies where the risk-targeted ground motions govern the design. In other areas, primarily close to active faults, seismic design values are reduced to values calculated from deterministic seismic hazard analysis, increasing seismic risk for near-fault sites by an unknown quantity. This study investigates the implications of designing buildings using deterministic and probabilistic design values in terms of earthquake-induced economic consequences. This investigation is carried out using a performance-based seismic risk assessment of modern code-designed buildings with various structural systems, following the FEMA P-58 framework. Specifically, structural responses and losses associated with code-designed systems (i.e., reinforced concrete, steel, wood light frame, and precast tilt-up buildings) considering different design values (i.e., risk-targeted, deterministic, and uniform-hazard) are assessed. This study finds that, while risk-targeted design maps specify a uniform collapse risk, they do not provide uniform risk of economic losses to modern buildings across the U.S. and are instead dependent on building type and site properties. Also, for the sites in this study governed by deterministic capping, design values in the current code may be up to 30% lower than design values derived from risk-targeted design maps, resulting in up to 40% higher expected seismic losses.","conferenceTitle":"13th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (ICASP13)","conferenceDate":"May 26-30, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Seoul, South Korea","language":"English","publisher":"SNU","doi":"10.22725/ICASP13.206","usgsCitation":"Cook, D., Liel, A.B., Luco, N., Almeter, E., and Haselton, C.B., 2019, Implications of seismic design values for economic losses, 13th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (ICASP13), Seoul, South Korea, May 26-30, 2019, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.22725/ICASP13.206.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-105831","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, Dustin","contributorId":222296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Dustin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liel, Abbie B.","contributorId":184158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liel","given":"Abbie","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luco, Nico 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":145730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nico","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Almeter, Edward","contributorId":222297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Almeter","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40513,"text":"Haselton Baker Risk Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haselton, Curt B.","contributorId":202457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haselton","given":"Curt","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70205123,"text":"70205123 - 2019 - Characterizing groundwater/surface-water interaction using hydrograph-separation techniques and groundwater-level data throughout the Mississippi Delta, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-04T15:44:24","indexId":"70205123","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-25T15:37:09","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing groundwater/surface-water interaction using hydrograph-separation techniques and groundwater-level data throughout the Mississippi Delta, USA","docAbstract":"The Mississippi Delta, located in northwest Mississippi, is an area dense with industrial-level agriculture sustained by groundwater-dependent irrigation supplied by the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial aquifer (alluvial aquifer). The Delta provides agricultural commodities across the United States and around the world. Observed declines in groundwater altitudes and streamflow contemporaneous with increases in irrigation have raised concerns about future groundwater availability and the effects of groundwater withdrawals on streamflow. To quantify the impacts of groundwater withdrawals on streamflow and increase understanding of groundwater and surface-water interaction, hydrograph-separation techniques were used to estimate baseflow and identify statistical streamflow trends. The analysis was conducted using the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Toolbox open-source software and daily hydrologic data provided by a spatially-distributed network of paired groundwater wells and streamgaging sites. This study found that effects of groundwater withdrawals on streamflow were observed as statistically significant reductions in baseflow in areas with substantial groundwater-altitude declines. Hydrograph-separation and trend analyses may be applicable to assess the impacts of groundwater withdrawals in altered environments and streamflow may be used as a proxy for changes in groundwater availability. Characterizing and defining hydrologic relations between groundwater and surface water will help scientists and water-resource managers refine a regional groundwater-flow model that includes the Mississippi Delta that will be used to aid water-resource managers in future decisions concerning the alluvial aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-019-01981-6","usgsCitation":"Killian, C.D., Asquith, W.H., Barlow, J.R., Bent, G., Kress, W., Barlow, P.M., and Schmitz, D.W., 2019, Characterizing groundwater/surface-water interaction using hydrograph-separation techniques and groundwater-level data throughout the Mississippi Delta, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 27, no. 6, p. 2167-2179, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-01981-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2167","endPage":"2179","ipdsId":"IP-092609","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-01981-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.30810546875,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -88.846435546875,\n 37.67512527892127\n ],\n [\n -89.71435546875,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -92.054443359375,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -91.5380859375,\n 33.4039312002347\n ],\n [\n -91.95556640625,\n 32.4263401615464\n ],\n [\n -92.098388671875,\n 32.03602003973755\n ],\n [\n -91.505126953125,\n 31.475524020001806\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -89.791259765625,\n 33.14675022877648\n ],\n [\n -90.186767578125,\n 34.66032236481892\n ],\n [\n -88.9892578125,\n 36.76529191711624\n ],\n [\n -88.30810546875,\n 37.23032838760387\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Killian, Courtney D. 0000-0002-2137-2722","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2137-2722","contributorId":213990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Killian","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barlow, Jeannie R. B. 0000-0002-0799-4656 jbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-4656","contributorId":3701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Jeannie","email":"jbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bent, Gardner C. 0000-0002-5085-3146","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-3146","contributorId":205226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"Gardner C.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kress, Wade 0000-0002-6833-028X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-028X","contributorId":203539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmitz, Darrel W. 0000-0002-6154-8040","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6154-8040","contributorId":218742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmitz","given":"Darrel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70203684,"text":"70203684 - 2019 - Conservation research across scales in a national program: How to be relevant to local management yet general at the same time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T15:37:59","indexId":"70203684","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-25T15:30:56","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation research across scales in a national program: How to be relevant to local management yet general at the same time","docAbstract":"Successfully addressing complex conservation problems requires attention to pattern and process at multiple spatial scales. This is challenging from a logistical and organizational perspective. In response to indications of worldwide declines in amphibian populations, the Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) of the United States Geological Survey was established in 2000. This national program is unique in its structure, organization, and success in integrating information at multiple scales. ARMI works under the principle that a good study design is tailored to specific questions, but stipulates the use of methods that result in unbiased parameter estimates (e.g., occupancy). This allows studies to be designed to address local questions but also to produce data that can easily be scaled up to accomplish the objectives of a broad-scale monitoring program. Here we describe how the implementation of the Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative results in research that is applicable across scales – global, in contributing to the understanding of amphibian decline phenomena; continental, in synthesizing local data to understand large-scale drivers; regional, by characterizing threats and assessing status of species at the range scale; and local, by working with National Park, Wildlife Refuge, and other Federal and State land managers to identify research needs and serve conservation-relevant research results to inform management decisions.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2019.05.027","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., and Muths, E.L., 2019, Conservation research across scales in a national program: How to be relevant to local management yet general at the same time: Biological Conservation, v. 236, p. 100-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.05.027.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-103004","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"236","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Michael J. 0000-0001-8844-042X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":211916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70215293,"text":"70215293 - 2019 - Predicting hydrologic disturbance of streams using species occurrence data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-14T15:39:43.431592","indexId":"70215293","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-25T10:32:10","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting hydrologic disturbance of streams using species occurrence data","docAbstract":"Aquatic organisms have adapted over evolutionary time-scales to hydrologic variability represented by the natural flow regime of rivers and streams in their unimpaired state. Rapid landscape change coupled with growing human demand for water have altered natural flow regimes of many rivers and streams on a global scale. Climate non-stationarity is expected to further intensify hydrologic variability, placing increased pressure on aquatic communities. Using a machine learning approach and georeferenced species occurrence data, we modeled and mapped spatial patterns of hydrologic disturbance for streams in Arkansas, Missouri, and eastern Oklahoma. Random forest (RF) models trained on fish community data, hydrologic, and landscape metrics for gaged streams in the National Hydrography (NHDPlusV2) database were used to predict a hydrologic disturbance index (HDI) for ungaged streams. The HDI is part of the USGS Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow (GAGESII) database and is a composite index of watershed-scale disturbance from anthropogenic stressors. Fish presence/absence data had similar overall model prediction accuracy (77%; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.80) as flow variables (76%; CI: 0.73, 0.80). Including topographic variables increased the RF prediction accuracy of both the fish (90%; CI: 0.88, 0.92) and flow models (86%; CI: 0.84, 0.89). Spatial patterns of hydrologic disturbance suggest distinct ecohydrological regions exist where conservation actions may be focused. Streams with low HDI were predominately located in the Ozark Highlands, Boston Mountains, and Ouachita Mountains. Correlation analysis of HDI by flow regime showed groundwater stable streams had the lowest disturbance frequency, with over 50% of stream reaches with low HDI located in forested land cover. HDI was highest for big rivers, intermittent runoff streams and streams in areas of agricultural land use. Our results show long-term georeferenced biological data can provide a valuable resource for predictive modeling of hydrologic disturbance for ungaged rivers and streams.
We evaluated relationships among hydrogeomorphology, vegetation structure and composition, and avian communities among three subreaches of the San Acacia Reach of the Middle Rio Grande (MRG) River of New Mexico. The subreaches varied in degradation, with Subreach 1 being severely entrenched and hydrologically disconnected, Subreach 2 being the least impacted, and Subreach 3 being intermediately disturbed. Avian point count and habitat surveys were conducted to determine avian community structure and abundance, geomorphic feature, surface flooding, and vegetation structure and composition. Ground-nesting birds and low shrub-nesting birds were insensitive to hydrogeomorphic changes as they do not rely on native understory but can use exotic understory or woody debris. In contrast, canopy-nesting birds required native overstory; therefore, they were sensitive to hydrogeomorphic changes as native overstory species require surface floods to germinate and establish. Additionally, native overstory did not vary as expected as the moderately impacted subreach, Subreach 3, had more native overstory (
Avian avulavirus (commonly known as avian paramyxovirus-1 or APMV-1) can cause disease of varying severity in both domestic and wild birds. Understanding how viruses move among hosts and geography would be useful for informing prevention and control efforts. A Bayesian statistical framework was employed to estimate the evolutionary history of 1602 complete fusion gene APMV-1 sequences collected from 1970 to 2016 in order to infer viral transmission between avian host orders and diffusion among geographic regions. Ancestral states were estimated with a non-reversible continuous-time Markov chain model, allowing transition rates between discrete states to be calculated. The evolutionary analyses were stratified by APMV-1 classes I (n = 198) and II (n = 1404), and only those sequences collected between 2006 and 2016 were allowed to contribute host and location information to the viral migration networks.
While the current data was unable to assess impact of host domestication status on APMV-1 diffusion, these analyses supported the sharing of APMV-1 among divergent host taxa. The highest supported transition rate for both classes existed from domestic chickens to Anseriformes (class I:6.18 transitions/year, 95% highest posterior density (HPD) 0.31–20.02, Bayes factor (BF) = 367.2; class II:2.88 transitions/year, 95%HPD 1.9–4.06, BF = 34,582.9). Further, among class II viruses, domestic chickens also acted as a source for Columbiformes (BF = 34,582.9), other Galliformes (BF = 34,582.9), and Psittaciformes (BF = 34,582.9). Columbiformes was also a highly supported source to Anseriformes (BF = 322.0) and domestic chickens (BF = 402.6). Additionally, our results provide support for the diffusion of viruses among continents and regions, but no interhemispheric viral exchange between 2006 and 2016. Among class II viruses, the highest transition rates were estimated from South Asia to the Middle East (1.21 transitions/year; 95%HPD 0.36–2.45; BF = 67,107.8), from Europe to East Asia (1.17 transitions/year; 95%HPD 0.12–2.61; BF = 436.2) and from Europe to Africa (1.06 transitions/year, 95%HPD 0.07–2.51; BF = 169.3).
While migration appears to occur infrequently, geographic movement may be important in determining viral diversification and population structure. In contrast, inter-order transmission of APMV-1 may occur readily, but most events are transient with few lineages persisting in novel hosts.
Groundwater inundation (GWI) is a particularly challenging consequence of sea-level rise (SLR), as it progressively inundates infrastructure located above and below the ground surface. Paths of flooding by GWI differ from other types of SLR flooding (i.e., wave overwash, storm-drain backflow) such that it is more difficult to mitigate, and thus requires a separate set of highly innovative adaptation strategies to manage. To spur consideration of GWI in planning, data-intensive numerical modeling methods have been developed that produce locally specific visualizations of GWI, though the accessibility of such methods is limited by extensive data requirements. Conversely, the hydrostatic (or 'bathtub') modeling approach is widely used in adaptation planning owing to easily accessed visualizations (i.e., NOAA SLR Viewer), yet its capacity to simulate GWI has never been tested. Given the separate actions necessary to mitigate GWI relative to marine overwash, this is a significant gap. Here we compare a simple hydrostatic modeling method with a more deterministic, dynamic and robust 3D numerical modeling approach to explore the effectiveness of the hydrostatic method in simulating equilibrium aquifer effects of multi-decadal sea-level rise, and in turn GWI for Honolulu, Hawai'i. We find hydrostatic modeling in the Honolulu area and likely other settings may yield similar results to numerical modeling when referencing the local mean higher-high water tide datum (generally typical of flood studies). These findings have the potential to spur preliminary understanding of GWI impacts in municipalities that lack the required data to conduct rigorous groundwater-modeling investigations. We note that the methods explored here for Honolulu do not simulate dynamic coastal processes (i.e., coastal erosion, sediment accretion or changes in land cover) and thus are most appropriately applied to regions that host heavily armored shorelines behind which GWI can develop.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Publishing","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ab21fe","usgsCitation":"Habel, S., Fletcher, C., Rotzoll, K., El-Kadi, A.I., and Oki, D., 2019, Comparison of a simple hydrostatic and a data-intensive 3D numerical modeling method of simulating sea-level rise induced groundwater inundation for Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA: Environmental Research Letters, v. 1, no. 4, 041005, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ab21fe.","productDescription":"041005, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-102017","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ab21fe","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"O'ahu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.04931640625,\n 21.289374355860424\n ],\n [\n -157.9010009765625,\n 21.289374355860424\n ],\n [\n -157.9010009765625,\n 21.4121622297254\n ],\n [\n -158.04931640625,\n 21.4121622297254\n ],\n [\n -158.04931640625,\n 21.289374355860424\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Habel, Shellie 0000-0001-9295-0596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9295-0596","contributorId":257499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Habel","given":"Shellie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39036,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Charles H.","contributorId":257500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Charles H.","affiliations":[{"id":39036,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rotzoll, Kolja 0000-0002-5910-888X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-888X","contributorId":201087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rotzoll","given":"Kolja","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"El-Kadi, Aly I. 0000-0002-9623-5458","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9623-5458","contributorId":257501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"El-Kadi","given":"Aly","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":35886,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa, Water Resources Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oki, Delwyn S. 0000-0002-6913-8804","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-8804","contributorId":207735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"Delwyn S.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70203942,"text":"70203942 - 2019 - Planning for ecological drought: Integrating ecosystem services and vulnerability assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-22T14:31:16","indexId":"70203942","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-23T16:41:13","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5067,"text":"WIREs Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planning for ecological drought: Integrating ecosystem services and vulnerability assessment","docAbstract":"As research recognizes the importance of ecological impacts of drought to natural and human communities, drought planning processes need to better incorporate ecological impacts. Drought planning currently recognizes the vulnerability of some ecological impacts from drought (e.g., loss of instream flow affecting fish populations). However, planning often does not identify all the ecological aspects in a landscape that stakeholders value, nor does it examine the extent to which those aspects are vulnerable to drought. One approach for identifying ecological aspects is ecosystem services (ES) -- i.e., the benefits humans receive from nature. To incorporate ecological impacts into drought planning in the Upper Missouri Headwaters region (Montana, USA), we combined ES elicitation using the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services and a vulnerability assessment using semi-structured interviews. We juxtaposed results from the interviews and the ES elicitation to assess which ES might be vulnerable to drought and which impacts from interviews were associated with losses of ES. While both methods suggested common drought vulnerabilities, each method also suggested drought vulnerabilities not reported using the other method. The ES elicitation produced more detail about services present in the UMH ecosystem today while interviews resulted in more discussion about ecological transformation from future droughts. Results suggest that some combination of open-ended vulnerability assessment methods and ES elicitation using a structured framework can result in greater understanding of ecological drought vulnerability in a given region.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1352","usgsCitation":"Raheem, N., Cravens, A.E., Cross, M.S., Crausbay, S.D., Ramirez, A.R., McEvoy, J., Zoanni, D., Bathke, D.J., Hayes, M., Carter, S., Rubenstein, M., Schwend, A., Hall, K.R., and Suberu, P., 2019, Planning for ecological drought: Integrating ecosystem services and vulnerability assessment: WIREs Water, v. 6, no. 4, e1352; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1352.","productDescription":"e1352; 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-094688","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Upper Missouri Headwaters Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.13720703125,\n 44.94924926661153\n ],\n [\n -110.72021484375,\n 44.94924926661153\n ],\n [\n -110.72021484375,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -113.13720703125,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -113.13720703125,\n 44.94924926661153\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raheem, Nejem","contributorId":197227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raheem","given":"Nejem","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravens, Amanda E. 0000-0002-0271-7967 aecravens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0271-7967","contributorId":196752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravens","given":"Amanda","email":"aecravens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cross, Molly S. 0000-0002-4238-9208","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-9208","contributorId":149216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cross","given":"Molly","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17674,"text":"Wildlife Conservation Society, Bozeman, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crausbay, Shelley D.","contributorId":197220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crausbay","given":"Shelley","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":54831,"text":"Conservation Science Partners, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramirez, Aaron R.","contributorId":149780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17824,"text":"UC Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McEvoy, Jamie","contributorId":204581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEvoy","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zoanni, Dionne 0000-0003-3988-984X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3988-984X","contributorId":216494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoanni","given":"Dionne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bathke, Deborah J.","contributorId":197224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bathke","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hayes, Michael","contributorId":192358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Carter, Shawn 0000-0002-0045-4681","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-4681","contributorId":216490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Shawn","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rubenstein, Madeleine 0000-0001-8569-781X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8569-781X","contributorId":216491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubenstein","given":"Madeleine","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Schwend, Ann","contributorId":216492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwend","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39458,"text":"Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Hall, Kimberly R.","contributorId":197221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Suberu, Paul","contributorId":216493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suberu","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39459,"text":"Bennington College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70203310,"text":"sim3434 - 2019 - Drilling, construction, water chemistry, water levels, and regional potentiometric surface of the upper carbonate-rock aquifer in Clark County, Nevada, 2009–2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-24T09:10:16","indexId":"sim3434","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-23T15:22:52","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3434","displayTitle":"Drilling, Construction, Water Chemistry, Water Levels, and Regional Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Carbonate-Rock Aquifer in Clark County, Nevada, 2009–2015","title":"Drilling, construction, water chemistry, water levels, and regional potentiometric surface of the upper carbonate-rock aquifer in Clark County, Nevada, 2009–2015","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) initiated a cooperative study through the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act (Bureau of Land Management, 1998) to install six wells in the carbonate-rock and basin-fill aquifers of Clark County, Nevada, in areas of sparse groundwater data. This map uses water levels from these new wells, water levels from existing wells, and altitudes of spring discharge points to update a regional potentiometric map of the carbonate-rock aquifer and provide evidence to interpret the direction of regional groundwater flow. This potentiometric surface map is accompanied by drilling and borehole geophysical logs, well construction information, lithology, water chemistry, and water levels from the newly drilled wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3434","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J.W., 2019, Drilling, construction, water chemistry, water levels, and regional potentiometric surface of the upper carbonate-rock aquifer in Clark County, Nevada, 2009–2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3434, scale 1:500,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3434.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 59.00 x 32.00 in.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050214","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364132,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3434/sim3434.pdf","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Scientific Investigations Map 3434"},{"id":364131,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3434/coverthb_.jpg"},{"id":364136,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K73T7Q","linkHelpText":"Supplemental data for drilling, construction, water chemistry, water levels, and regional potentiometric surface of the upper carbonate-rock aquifer in Clark County, Nevada, 2009-2015"}],"contact":"Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Road
Carson City, Nevada 95819
Monitoring riparian vegetation cover and species richness is an important component of assessing change and understanding ecosystem processes. Vegetation sampling methods determined to be the best option in other ecosystems (e.g., desert grasslands and arctic tundra) may not be the best option in multilayered, species rich, heterogeneous riparian vegetation. This study examines the strengths and weaknesses of two common vegetation sampling methods, line‐point intercept and ocular quadrat estimates. Permutational analysis of variance analyses indicate that cover estimates among observers did not differ significantly for either line‐point intercept or ocular quadrat estimates. Line‐point intercept cover estimates resulted in lower coefficient of variation among observers than ocular quadrat estimates, but the ocular quadrat estimates recorded significantly more species. Line‐point estimates of cover were generally larger than ocular quadrat estimates. Ocular quadrat estimates are appropriate when assessment of richness is important, in areas with heterogeneous geomorphology and hydrology where fine‐scale measurements are most useful, and in areas where continuous sampling transects are impracticable. Line‐point intercept estimates are useful when minimum variation among observers is necessary, continuous transects are logical and practicable for the sampling area, woody cover does not present a logistical complication, and species richness is not a priority.
Mosquito vectors play a crucial role in the distribution of avian Plasmodium parasites worldwide. At northern latitudes, where climate warming is most pronounced, there are questions about possible changes in the abundance and distribution of Plasmodium parasites, their vectors, and their impacts to avian hosts. To better understand the transmission of Plasmodium among local birds and to gather baseline data on potential vectors, we sampled a total of 3,909 mosquitoes from three locations in south‐central Alaska during the summer of 2016. We screened mosquitoes for the presence of Plasmodium parasites using molecular techniques and estimated Plasmodium infection rates per 1,000 mosquitoes using maximum likelihood methods. We found low estimated infection rates across all mosquitoes (1.28 per 1,000), with significantly higher rates in Culiseta mosquitoes (7.91 per 1,000) than in Aedes mosquitoes (0.57 per 1,000). We detected Plasmodium in a single head/thorax sample of Culiseta, indicating potential for transmission of these parasites by mosquitoes of this genus. Plasmodium parasite DNA isolated from mosquitoes showed a 100% identity match to the BT7 Plasmodium lineage that has been detected in numerous avian species worldwide. Additionally, microscopic analysis of blood smears collected from black‐capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) at the same locations revealed infection by parasites preliminarily identified as Plasmodium circumflexum. Results from our study provide the first information on Plasmodium infection rates in Alaskan mosquitoes and evidence that Culiseta species may play a role in the transmission and maintenance of Plasmodium parasites in this region.
Director,
Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Dams disrupt the flow of water and sediment and thus have the potential to affect the downstream geomorphic characteristics of a river. Though there are some well‐known and common geomorphic responses to dams, such as bed armouring, the response downstream from any particular dam is dependent on local conditions. Herein, we investigate the response of the upper Santa Ana River in southern California, USA, to the construction of a large dam at the transition from mountains to valley, using calculations of bedload transport capacity on the mainstem below the dam and for major tributaries. Approximate sediment budgets were constructed for downstream reaches to estimate deposition and erosion rates for sand, gravel, and cobble particle sizes. Our results indicate that the classical response of bed armouring and erosion is likely limited to a short reach immediately below the dam. Farther downstream, though transport capacity is reduced by flow regulation by the dam, the channel reaches are likely to remain depositional but with reduced deposition rates. Persistent deposition, as opposed to erosion, is the result of the replenishment of flow and sediment supply by large downstream tributaries. In addition, the calculations indicate that the composition of the bed is unlikely to change substantially in downstream reaches. A Monte Carlo approach was employed to estimate the uncertainty in the sediment budget predictions. The impacts of the dam on the geomorphic character of the river downstream could have implications for native fish that rely on coarse substrate that supports their food base.
Turbidity currents are generated when denser river water plunges and flows along the bottom of a lake, reservoir, or ocean. The plunging and downstream movement are driven by density differences due to temperature and/or suspended sediment, and currents have been observed to move slowly over long distances. This study presents observations of multiple turbidity currents in a large reservoir in California, United States, during runoff events following a major wildfire in the upstream watershed. Several aspects of the currents are documented and discussed, including the conditions leading to plunging, the vertical and longitudinal structure of turbidity within the currents, the velocity of the currents, and the development of a muddy lake upstream from an old submerged dam in the reservoir.
2018 marked the 10-year anniversary of the establishment of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center! With the passage of the fiscal year 2018 budget on March 23, 2018, our program name was changed from the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center to the National Climate Adaptation Science Center (NCASC). The eight regional Department of the Interior (DOI) Climate Science Centers were renamed Climate Adaptation Science Centers (CASCs). The name changes more clearly align the national and regional centers and emphasize their focus on meeting natural resource adaptation needs. Although the program has a new name, our mission has not changed. We are still hard at work delivering science to help fish, wildlife, water, land, and people adapt to a changing climate.
During the past 10 years, the NCASC and the eight regional CASCs funded over 425 science projects and built a network of research partners, resource management stakeholders, interdisciplinary staff, fellows, and early career researchers. In celebration of our work and accomplishments over the last 10 years, the NCASC began a monthly web post series on “10 Things You May Not Know” about topics our science has focused on, including drought, glaciers, and wildfire.
Additionally, CASCs that had completed their initial hosting agreement with the USGS underwent a formal review and recompetition process. New hosting agreements were awarded to the Southwest and North Central CASCs in 2018. Read the 2018 annual report to learn more about the CASCs' great science, partnerships, capacity building, and more from 2018.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191041","usgsCitation":"Varela Minder, E., 2019, Climate Adaptation Science Centers—Annual report for 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1041, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191041.","productDescription":"14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-103920","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364065,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1041/ofr20191041.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1041"},{"id":364064,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1041/coverthb2.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, National Climate Adaptation Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Mail Stop 516
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192