The completion of a segment of the Northern Circumferential Highway, Route 126, in Wakefield, Mass., requires an underpass bridge at Hopkins Street, Station 5+50. The plan of the project shows approximately 1800 feet if approach cuts between stations 1 and 18. In October 1945 a preliminary seismic study was made of a segment of this cut between stations 6+50 and 13+30. Four profiles were made at this time and a report was submitted by Newton E. Chute and Rev. Daniel Linhan (file report of January 15). This work showed a relatively shallow (in general, 6 to 12 feet in depth) somewhat irregular bedrock surface between stations 6+50 and 13+50. That data indicated that much of this segment of the cut will be in bedrock. In order to obtain more complete data for the preparation of detailed estimates on the amount of bedrock to be excavated for this segment of the cut, and also to obtain sufficient data for the unexplored segment of the cut, 21 additional seismic traverses were made in September 1949. The present report contains only the results obtained from this later work.
\nThe work was performed as a part of a cooperative program of the Massachusetts Department of Public Works and the United States Geological Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5043A","usgsCitation":"May, J.E., and Lineham, D., 1950, Geologic interpretations of seismic data Route 128 (Northern Circumferential Highway) cut, and Hopkins Street grade separation stations 1-18 in Wakefield, Mass.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-43, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5043A.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287173,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0043-A/report.pdf"},{"id":287174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0043-A/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Wakefield","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.101045,42.471428 ], [ -71.101045,42.530895 ], [ -71.035296,42.530895 ], [ -71.035296,42.471428 ], [ -71.101045,42.471428 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5375e205e4b010920bbdeda8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, James E.","contributorId":85255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lineham, Daniel","contributorId":99474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lineham","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71233,"text":"tei133 - 1950 - The design of the Model V transmission fluorimeter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T13:22:17","indexId":"tei133","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T13:22:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"133","title":"The design of the Model V transmission fluorimeter","docAbstract":"The transmission fluorimeter for the measurement of the fluorescence of uranium in fluoride melts is described. The instrument incorporates several improved features which have not been published previously. Unlike the earliest models, the design of the new fluorimeter, with its close machining of parts, reduces the possibility of light leakage and also increases considerably the ease with which the various components of the instrument may be assembled and adjusted. The Model V fluorimeter is a very rugged instrument with a compact arrangement of parts. It possess great flexibility so that various phototubes, measuring devices, light sources, and filter combinations may be used interchangeably.
\nDetailed shop drawings are given for the construction of the fluorimeter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei133","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, M., May, I., and Anderson, J.W., 1950, The design of the Model V transmission fluorimeter: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 133, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei133.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289918,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0133/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7864e4b0abf75cf2d409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Mary H.","contributorId":52954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Mary H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, Irving","contributorId":39771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Joseph W.","contributorId":13142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70268050,"text":"70268050 - 1950 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1950","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70268050,"text":"70268050 - 1950 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1950","indexId":"70268050","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1950"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70246900,"text":"70246900 - 1925 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association","indexId":"70246900","publicationYear":"1925","noYear":false,"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70246900,"text":"70246900 - 1925 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association","indexId":"70246900","publicationYear":"1925","noYear":false,"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-20T13:44:20.89304","indexId":"70268050","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T13:14:23","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1950","docAbstract":"The Volcano Letter was an informal publication issued at irregular intervals by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) during the years 1925 to 1955. Individual issues contain information on volcanic activity, volcano research, and volcano monitoring in Hawaii. Information on volcanic activity at other locations is also occasionally included.
The Volcano Letter was published by HVO through multiple changes in administration, including the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association (1925 to 1932), the U.S. Geological Survey (1932 to 1935), the Department of the Interior (1935 to 1938), and the University of Hawai‘i (1938 to 1955). Issues 1-262 were published weekly from January 1, 1925, to January 2, 1930, and consisted of a single page of text. Issues 263-384, also published weekly, from January 9, 1930, to May 5, 1932, were generally longer—four pages— and provided more detail on volcanic activity, including photographs, maps, and plots. Weekly issues 385-387, published May 12-26, 1932, were a single page of text due to budget reductions brought on by the Great Depression. Budget restrictions reduced the publishing frequency to monthly for issues 388-428, covering the period of June 1932 to October 1935; these issues were generally shorter, 1-2 pages, and sometimes featured figures. From November 1935 to July 1938, issues 429-461 remained monthly but increased in length (generally eight pages) and featured figures frequently. Issues 462-530, published over the period of August 1938 to December 1955, varied in length from 2-15 pages, but were published quarterly, rather than monthly.
Six of the Volcano Letters are misnumbered:
Jan. 21, 1926 number is 55 though it should 56
July 29, 1926 number is 82 though it should be 83
Feb. 16, 1928 number is 161 though it should be 164
May 31, 1928 number is 197 though it should be 179
Nov. 29, 1928 number is 204 though it should be 205
In June 1945 a seismic study was made for the projected Halligan Avenue out, stations 364-374, Route 2 relocation in Shelburne, Mass. Nine profiles were run at this time and a report on this work was submitted by James E. Maynard and Rev. Daniel Linehan (file report of July 1945). As a result of a consultation with the State Engineers in August 1948, the proposed center-line of the road was relocated so as to be in a more favorable position. This new location is shown as alternate center-line number 2 on the plan of the seismic transverses. A cut approximately 1600 feet long is planned between stations 364 and 380. The approximate maximum depths of the cut are:
\n17 feet at station 365
\n24 \" \" \" 368+50
\n23 \" \" \" 371+50
\n12 \" \" \" 372+50
\n8 \" \" \" 375+00
\nBetween stations 375+80 and 379+50 the depth of the cut gradually decreases from 8 feet to 0 feet. In order to obtain additional information on subsurface conditions at this site, especially along the segment of the relocated center-line where cuts are to be the deepest, a supplementary program of seismic studies was undertaken.
\nThe work was done in October 1948 as a part of a cooperative program of the Massachusetts Department of Public Works and the United States Geological Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.3133/ofr5043C","usgsCitation":"May, J.E., and Linehan, D., 1950, Geologic interpretation of seismic data relocation of Route 2, Shelburne Falls in Shelburne, Mass.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-43, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5043C.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286571,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0043-C/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Shelburne","otherGeospatial":"Shelburne Falls","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.740697,42.552891 ], [ -72.740697,42.645265 ], [ -72.632962,42.645265 ], [ -72.632962,42.552891 ], [ -72.740697,42.552891 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355943ee4b0120853e8bfae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, James E.","contributorId":85255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linehan, Daniel","contributorId":36998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linehan","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71992,"text":"tem102 - 1950 - Investigations in the Wood Mine, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-16T12:48:22","indexId":"tem102","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T12:46:07","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"102","title":"Investigations in the Wood Mine, Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/tem102","collaboration":"Prepared by the Geological Survey for the United States Atomic Energy Commission, Technical Information Service.","usgsCitation":"King, R.U., 1950, Investigations in the Wood Mine, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 102, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tem102.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Wood Mine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.415724,40.029221 ], [ -105.415724,40.046306 ], [ -105.383709,40.046306 ], [ -105.383709,40.029221 ], [ -105.415724,40.029221 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c79f00e4b0194841642471","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Robert U.","contributorId":97582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048281,"text":"tem33 - 1950 - Preliminary examination of uranium deposits near Marysvale, Piute County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T14:40:53","indexId":"tem33","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T12:38:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"33","title":"Preliminary examination of uranium deposits near Marysvale, Piute County, Utah","docAbstract":"Autunite and other uranium minerals were discovered in 1948 by Pratt Seegmiller about 3 1/4 miles north of Marysvale, Piute County, Utah. Mining operations were begun in the summer of 1949 by the Vanadium Corporation of America on the Prospector and the Freedom claims, and by the Bullion Monarch Mining Company a the Bullion Monarch claims. These claims were examined briefly in December 1949 and January 1950 by the writers. The uranium deposits of the Marysvale district are in north-easterly striking fault zones in quartz monzonite that intrudes rocks of the \"older\" Tertiary volcanic sequence. Flows and tuffs of the \"younger\" Tertiary volcanic sequence uncomfortably overlie the earlier rocks. Autunite, tobernite, uranophane, schroeckingerite, and at least one unidentified secondary uranium mineral occur in the upper parts of the deposits. Pitchblende has been mined from the underground workings of the Prospector No. 1 mine. The uranium minerals are associated with dense quartz veins and intensely argillized wall rock. In the upper parts of the deposits pyrite is completely oxidized. The secondary uranium minerals probably were formed by the alteration of primary pitchblende by circulating meteoric waters.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem33","usgsCitation":"Granger, H., and Bauer, H., 1950, Preliminary examination of uranium deposits near Marysvale, Piute County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 33, Report: 28 p.; 3 Plates: 25.47 x 29.95 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem33.","productDescription":"Report: 28 p.; 3 Plates: 25.47 x 29.95 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"39","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0033/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283099,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0033/report.pdf"},{"id":283101,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0033/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":283100,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0033/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":283102,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0033/plate-6.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Piute County","city":"Marysvale","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.310933,38.415766 ], [ -112.310933,38.460575 ], [ -112.203991,38.460575 ], [ -112.203991,38.415766 ], [ -112.310933,38.415766 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523c1cf4e4b024b60d40734a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granger, Harry C.","contributorId":67992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granger","given":"Harry C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauer, Herman L.","contributorId":13224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Herman L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232756,"text":"70232756 - 1950 - Fifth special report of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association and the U.S. Geological Survey: Abrasion hardness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T16:36:51.16897","indexId":"70232756","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T12:36:34","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10993,"text":"Report of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"title":"Fifth special report of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association and the U.S. Geological Survey: Abrasion hardness","docAbstract":"After reviewing the work of sclerometry, this paper shows that yielding and relative softness are the mechanical basis of what should be called malacometry. The experiments have been made with diamond drills, ring cuts, end millers and grinding wheels.
Auerbach's \"limited scope of the Mohs list\" is quantitatively confirmed. The wear of diamonds is examined.
A program is carried out, for rotary or annular abrasion by diamond under three applications of energy, each progressively slower. A selected commercial talc is the control substance of softness value 100. The instruments used are synchronous motors, drill presses, wheel grinders, and watchmaker lathes. Some 200 minerals, woods, metals, glasses and plastics were originally measured. Hardness tables and curves are shown for comparison with volumetric abradability.
For a Mohs succession the softer substances abrade relatively more under higher energy of contact friction, and any one substance shows higher relative values under lower energy of attrition; in other words, under slower scratching. An artificially cut diamond octahedron gives more consistent results than a natural crystal, under light pressures.
Standard successions of relative abradability measurements do not hold good under different energies of attack. Functions of plasticity, brittleness, cleavage, powder lubricity, ductility and the like introduce various anomalies, and constancy of pressure varies with variable yielding. The supposition that rhythmic instrumental abrading will hold its mechanical constants, while the substance attacked yields in accord with its own surface molecular mobility relative to a control substance, is only approximately true. At low energies the approximation is better than at high, but at high speeds the wear of tool is less. Hence the advantage of using with slow speed a replaceable tool.
Substances of different categories such as steels and woods, differ in behavior from minerals.
The Mohs System has the great advantage of extending the controls from mineral to mineral up through the whole scale, and is purely qualitative. It is not numerically quantitative at all in terms of equal units. A principal result of this investigation is that 80 per cent of the Mohs Scale, Numbers 3 to 10, are by common consent within 1 per cent of a malacometric scale numbered 1 to 100. The scientists who determined this relation were the sclerometry investigators of the nineteenth century, who mistakenly thought that the wide intervals of sclerometry are between the hard minerals. They used the reciprocals of the measures of yielding.
The simple scratch tester finally arrived at is quite different from the instruments of Parts II and III. It eliminates diamond drilling, retains the Mohs controls and utilizes a dental grinding wheel and a modern low speed motor. The object of this research has been to design a simple instrument for many uses, especially for the mechanic's shop. It is planned for manufacture at an early date.
The author is indebted to Dr. Earl Ingerson, Chief, Geochemistry and Petrology Branch, for critical correction and approval of this paper, by authority of the Director, U. S. Geological Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Hawaiian Volcano Research Association","publisherLocation":"Honolulu, HI","usgsCitation":"Jaggar, T., 1950, Fifth special report of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association and the U.S. Geological Survey: Abrasion hardness: Report of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 43 p.","productDescription":"43 p.","numberOfPages":"43","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403537,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70232756/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":403536,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70232756/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaggar, T. A.","contributorId":292987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaggar","given":"T. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70101778,"text":"ofr5043B - 1950 - Geologic interpretation of seismic data relocation route 1: proposed cut at stations 127-135 in Danvers, Mass.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T07:40:54","indexId":"ofr5043B","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T11:55:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-43","chapter":"B","title":"Geologic interpretation of seismic data relocation route 1: proposed cut at stations 127-135 in Danvers, Mass.","docAbstract":"The layout for the reconstruction of the Newburyport Turnpike (Route 1) proposed cit at stations 127-135, in Danvers, Mass., shows a deep cut through the western end of a hill between stations 127 and 135. Because of the depth of this cut seismic work was done at the site in September 1949. The work constitutes part of the cooperative program of the Department of Public Works and the United States Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5043B","collaboration":"Cooperative Geologic Project","usgsCitation":"May, J.E., and Linehan, D., 1950, Geologic interpretation of seismic data relocation route 1: proposed cut at stations 127-135 in Danvers, Mass.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-43, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5043B.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286568,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0043-B/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Danvers","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.002683,42.540335 ], [ -71.002683,42.613052 ], [ -70.907922,42.613052 ], [ -70.907922,42.540335 ], [ -71.002683,42.540335 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355943ee4b0120853e8bfb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, James E.","contributorId":85255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linehan, Daniel","contributorId":36998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linehan","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":37839,"text":"37839 - 1950 - The food of the Alaska fur seal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T10:57:02","indexId":"37839","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T10:56:32","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"329","title":"The food of the Alaska fur seal","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Scheffer, V.B., 1950, The food of the Alaska fur seal: Wildlife Leaflet 329, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd8cae4b0824b2d1783a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scheffer, Victor B.","contributorId":91548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheffer","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72090,"text":"tem171 - 1950 - Distribution of leached radioactive material in the Legin Group Area, San Miguel County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-03T11:40:19","indexId":"tem171","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T10:50:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"171","title":"Distribution of leached radioactive material in the Legin Group Area, San Miguel County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Radioactivity anomalies, which are small in magnitude, and probably are not caused by extensions of known uranium-vanadium ore bodies, were detected during the gamma-ray logging of diamond-drill holes in the Legin group of claims, southwest San Miguel County, Colo. The positions of these anomalies are at the top surfaces of mudstone strata within, and at the base of, the ore-bearing sandstone of the Salt Wash member of the Morrison formation.
\nThe distribution of these anomalies suggests that ground water has leached radioactive material from the ore bodies and has carried it down dip and laterally along the top surfaces of underlying impermeable mudstone strata for distance as great as 300 feet.
\nThe anomalies are probably caused by radon and its daughter elements. Preliminary tests indicate that radon in quantities up to 10-7 curies per liter may be present in ground water flowing along sandstone-mudstone contacts under carnotite ore bodies. In comparison, the radium content of the same water is less than 10-10 curies per liter.
\nFurther substantiation of the relationship between ore bodies, the movement of water, and the radon-caused anomalies may greatly increase the scope of gamma-ray logs of drill holes as an aid to prospecting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem171","usgsCitation":"Rogers, A., 1950, Distribution of leached radioactive material in the Legin Group Area, San Miguel County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 171, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tem171.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284600,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0171/report.pdf"},{"id":283470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tem171.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"San Miguel County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.04515,37.772072 ], [ -109.04515,38.153099 ], [ -107.73111,38.153099 ], [ -107.73111,37.772072 ], [ -109.04515,37.772072 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535593ffe4b0120853e8bf3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, Allen S.","contributorId":66553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Allen S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72080,"text":"tem159 - 1950 - Field investigation of airborne radioactivity anomalies in Marquette County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-03T11:39:16","indexId":"tem159","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T09:58:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"159","title":"Field investigation of airborne radioactivity anomalies in Marquette County, Michigan","docAbstract":"The broad radioactivity anomalies recorded by the airborne detector in the vicinity of Republic, Marquette County, Michigan, coincide rather closely with parts of a granitic complex chiefly of Archean age. Ground examination of the rock in these areas of high radioactivity shows that the granitic rock typically yields two to four times the normal background activity. Fissures, shear zones, veins, and pegmatites were tested carefully. None exhibited activity higher than that of the adjacent granitic rock.
\nIt is significant that the zones of more-than-average radio-activity are related to the larger elements of the geology - in fact, the information will be of considerable value in reconsideration of some of the regional problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem159","usgsCitation":"James, H., 1950, Field investigation of airborne radioactivity anomalies in Marquette County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 159, Report: 5 p.; 3 Plates: 16.44 x 13.23 inches and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem159.","productDescription":"Report: 5 p.; 3 Plates: 16.44 x 13.23 inches and smaller","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tem159.jpg"},{"id":284589,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0159/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":284590,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0159/report.pdf"},{"id":284587,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0159/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":284588,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0159/plate-2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Marquette County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.1185,45.9841 ], [ -88.1185,46.9123 ], [ -87.1178,46.9123 ], [ -87.1178,45.9841 ], [ -88.1185,45.9841 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559435e4b0120853e8bf77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, Harold L.","contributorId":88204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Harold L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72068,"text":"tem145 - 1950 - The Papsy's Hope autunite prospect, Marysvale District, Piute County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T15:47:35","indexId":"tem145","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T09:38:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"145","title":"The Papsy's Hope autunite prospect, Marysvale District, Piute County, Utah","docAbstract":"The Papsy's Hope autunite prospect is in the eastern part of the Marysvale district, Piute County, Utah, about 1 1/2 miles northeast of the mines now operating. It is developed by two shallow cuts and a short incline shaft. One cut exposes a zone of fractures, sparse quartz veins, and scattered autunite. Most if the autunite is exposed within a north-south distance of 17 feet. The trend of the zone is not known. Samples across the autunite-bearing zone average 0.026 percent equivalent uranium.
\nThe deposit is in feldspar porphyry of the older Tertiary (Bullion Canyon) volcanics. The intrusive quartz monzonite that contains the deposits now being mined is in contact with quartz porphyry similar to the rocks exposed about 1500 feet west if the Papsy’s Hope prospect.
\nIn comparing the Papsy’s Pope prospect with the deposits now being mined, two major correlations have been observed. (1) The deposits at the Papsy’s Hope prospect and those at the Bullion Monarch and Prospector mined are immediately beneath the old erosion surface at the base if the y0ounger tertiary volcanics. The younger volcanics are still present a short distance to the nrth and south of the Papsy’s Hope perospect. (2) The deposits at the Papsy’s Hope prospect and at the Prospector mine are associated with completely silicified outcrops. These correlations may prove of value for prospecting, and further study of the m is in progress.
\nFurther prospecting would be necessary to determine the trend of the autunite-bearing zone and to expose it at greater depth. This could be done by trenching across the probable northeast-southwest trend of the zone, by drilling, and either extending the present inclines shaft, or, preferably, driving a new incline at a lower level.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem145","usgsCitation":"Kaiser, E., 1950, The Papsy's Hope autunite prospect, Marysvale District, Piute County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 145, Report: 11 p.; 1 Plate: 16.61 x 21.76 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem145.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; 1 Plate: 16.61 x 21.76 inches","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tem145.jpg"},{"id":284585,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0145/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":284586,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0145/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Piute County","otherGeospatial":"Marysvale District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.518504,38.145564 ], [ -112.518504,38.512178 ], [ -111.766741,38.512178 ], [ -111.766741,38.145564 ], [ -112.518504,38.145564 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355959de4b0120853e8c268","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaiser, Edward P.","contributorId":90216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72059,"text":"tem142 - 1950 - Modification to Tracerlab Automatic Sample Changer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T09:03:03","indexId":"tem142","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T09:28:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"142","title":"Modification to Tracerlab Automatic Sample Changer","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has recently modified the Tracerlab Automatic Sample Changer so that the geometry is greatly improved for counting larger low-activity samples in finely ground form. The larger sample and larger Geiger Mueller tubes allow a greater number of samples to be counted per hour with the same statistical accuracy.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem142","usgsCitation":"Flanegan, F., Nelson, J.M., and Warr, J., 1950, Modification to Tracerlab Automatic Sample Changer: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 142, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tem142.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tem142.jpg"},{"id":284584,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0142/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd67fde4b0b29085101bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flanegan, F.J.","contributorId":97426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanegan","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, J. M.","contributorId":68687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warr, J.J. Jr.","contributorId":54296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warr","given":"J.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014534,"text":"1014534 - 1950 - Various sulfonamide treatments of furunculosis in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T16:35:56.760955","indexId":"1014534","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Various sulfonamide treatments of furunculosis in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis","docAbstract":"Sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, and sulfamerazine alternated at 4‐day intervals with sulfathiazole, were compared in the treatment of furunculosis among yearling and fingerling brook trout at the Leetown Station of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kearneysville, West Virginia, in 1947. The daily dosage rates were: for sulfamerazine and sulfamethazine, 6 grams per 100 pounds of fish (13.2 grams per 100 kilograms); for sulfathiazole, 12 grams per 100 pounds. The drugs were mixed thoroughly with the food.
The courses of the epizootics were very different in the two age groups. With yearlings, mortalities were as follows: controls, 100 percent; sulfathiazole, 75 percent; sulfamethazine, 62 percent; sulfamerazine‐sulfathiazole, 43 percent; sulfamerazine, 29 percent. With fingerlings, treatment was initiated sooner after the onset of the disease. Although mortality was finally heavy in the fingerling control, sulfonamide therapy was very much more effective and losses correspondingly less severe. Mortalities were as follows: controls, 90 percent; sulfathiazole, 11 percent; sulfamerazine, 8 percent; sulfamerazine‐sulfathiazole, 6 percent; sulfamethazine, 5 percent.
Sulfathiazole was markedly inferior to sulfamerazine. Sulfamethazine showed sufficient promise to warrant further trial. Sulfamerazine still seems the best for an acute infection and the drug most suitable for the treatment of furunculosis in brook trout.
Important was the revelation of the extreme difference in the courses of the epizootics and the apparent correlation of effectiveness of treatment with the type of epizootic. However, prompt initiation of treatment may largely explain the great effectiveness of the various drugs with the fingerlings.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1948)78[181:VSTOFI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., Gutsell, J., and Friddle, S.B., 1950, Various sulfonamide treatments of furunculosis in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 78, no. 1, p. 181-188, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1948)78[181:VSTOFI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"188","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131935,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","city":"Kearneysville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.90915761763473,\n 39.40002924700522\n ],\n [\n -77.90915761763473,\n 39.372143783642\n ],\n [\n -77.86026439687357,\n 39.372143783642\n ],\n [\n -77.86026439687357,\n 39.40002924700522\n ],\n [\n -77.90915761763473,\n 39.40002924700522\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6028c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutsell, J.S.","contributorId":25523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutsell","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friddle, S. B.","contributorId":18299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friddle","given":"S.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014503,"text":"1014503 - 1950 - A contribution to the etiology of ulcer disease of trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T16:30:31.573709","indexId":"1014503","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A contribution to the etiology of ulcer disease of trout","docAbstract":"During the fall of 1947 and the late summer of 1948, outbreaks of ulcer disease occurred among brook trout fingerlings at the Leetown station and other hatcheries. From the ulcers, blood, and kidneys of the diseased trout were isolated bacteria which could be successfully cultivated only on media to which blood or fish‐tissue extract had been added. Some characteristics of these bacteria are described.
In a series of inoculation experiments, brook, brown, and rainbow trout were infected with pure cultures of the isolated bacteria. When the trout used for these tests were free from a latent infection of B. salmonicida, ulcer disease could be reproduced and the bacteria reisolated in pure culture from the inoculated fish. On the basis of the information on hand, it is believed that the isolated bacteria belong to the genus Hemophilus.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1948)78[56:ACTTEO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., and Friddle, S.B., 1950, A contribution to the etiology of ulcer disease of trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 78, no. 1, p. 56-63, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1948)78[56:ACTTEO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131565,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friddle, S. B.","contributorId":18299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friddle","given":"S.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010864,"text":"70010864 - 1950 - Water analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:16","indexId":"70010864","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water analysis","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Love, S.K., 1950, Water analysis: Analytical Chemistry, v. 22, no. 2, p. 264-268.","startPage":"264","endPage":"268","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc797e4b08c986b32c515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, S. K.","contributorId":27419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010863,"text":"70010863 - 1950 - Spectrographic analysis of coal and coal ash","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:16","indexId":"70010863","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectrographic analysis of coal and coal ash","docAbstract":"Coal can be analyzed on the spectrograph for per cent ash and composition of ash in a matter of a few minutes, using the total energy method. The composition of the ash so determined can be used to calculate ash softening temperatures. This analysis can be made in sufficiently short a time to control tipple and washing operations for preparation of coal to meet specifications. This spectrographic method can be readily adapted to the analysis of rocks, minerals, and inorganic chemicals of all kinds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Hunter, R., and Headlee, A., 1950, Spectrographic analysis of coal and coal ash: Analytical Chemistry, v. 22, no. 3, p. 441-445.","startPage":"441","endPage":"445","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b957ce4b08c986b31af67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, R.G.","contributorId":67215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Headlee, A.J.W.","contributorId":80406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Headlee","given":"A.J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010862,"text":"70010862 - 1950 - The origin of high sodium bicarbonate waters in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-23T17:46:06.498467","indexId":"70010862","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The origin of high sodium bicarbonate waters in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains","docAbstract":"Some sodium bicarbonate waters at depth in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains have the same bicarbonate content as the shallower calcium bicarbonate waters in the same formation and appear to be the result of replacement of calcium by sodium through the action of base-exchange minerals. Others, however, contain several hundred parts per million more of bicarbonate than any of the calcium bicarbonate waters and much more bicarbonate than can be attributed to solution of calcium carbonate through the action of carbon dioxide derived from the air and soil.
As the waters in the Potomac group (Cretaceous) are all low in sulphate and as the environmental conditions under which the sediments of the Potomac group were deposited do not indicate that large amounts of sulphate are available for solution, it does not seem probable that carbon dioxide generated by chemical or biochemical breakdown of sulphate is responsible for the high sodium bicarbonate waters in this area.
Sulphate as a source of oxygen is not necessary for the generation of carbon dioxide by carbonaceous material. Oxygen is an important constituent of carbonaceous material and carbon dioxide is a characteristic decomposition product of such material—as, for example, peat and lignite.
Experimental work showed that distilled water, calcium bicarbonate water, and sodium bicarbonate water, after contact with lignite, calcium carbonate, and permutite (a base-exchange material), had all increased greatly in sodium bicarbonate content and had become similar in chemical character and in mineral content to high sodium bicarbonate waters found in the Coastal Plain. The tests indicated that carbonaceous material can act as a source of carbon dioxide, which, when dissolved in water, enables it to take into solution more calcium carbonate. If base-exchange materials are also present to replace calcium with sodium, a still greater amount of bicarbonate can be held in solution. The presence of carbonaceous material, together with calcium carbonate and base-exchange minerals in a formation is, therefore, sufficient to account for the occurrence in it of high sodium bicarbonate waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(50)90007-X","usgsCitation":"Foster, M., 1950, The origin of high sodium bicarbonate waters in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 1, no. 1, p. 33-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(50)90007-X.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae6be4b08c986b3240ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Margaret D.","contributorId":97958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Margaret D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000216,"text":"1000216 - 1950 - A nomograph for the computation of the growth of fish from scale measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T13:58:22","indexId":"1000216","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A nomograph for the computation of the growth of fish from scale measurements","docAbstract":"Directions are given for the construction and operation of a nomograph that can be employed for the computation of the growth of fish from scale measurements regardless of the nature of the body-scale relationship, so long as that relationship is known. The essential feature of the nomograph that makes rapid calculations possible is a ruler on which the graduations are in terms of length with the distance of each length graduation from the O graduation equal to the corresponding theoretical scale measurement. 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