The Upper Devonian Ignacio Formation (as stratigraphically revised) comprises a transgressive, tide-dominated estuarine depositional system in the San Juan Mountains (Colorado, USA). The unit backfills at least three bedrock paleovalleys (10–30 km wide and ≥42 m deep) with a consistent stratigraphy of tidally influenced fluvial, bayhead-delta, central estuarine-basin, mixed tidal-flat, and estuarine-mouth tidal sandbar deposits. Paleovalleys were oriented northwest while longshore transport was to the north. The deposits represent Upper Devonian lowstand and transgressive systems tracts. The overlying Upper Devonian Elbert Formation (upper member) consists of geographically extensive tidal-flat deposits and is interpreted as mixed siliciclastic-carbonate bay-fill facies that represents an early highstand systems tract. Stratigraphic revision of the Ignacio Formation includes reassigning the basal conglomerate to the East Lime Creek Conglomerate, recognizing an unconformity separating these two units, and incorporating strata previously mapped as the McCracken Sandstone Member (Elbert Formation) into the Ignacio Formation. The Ignacio Formation was previously interpreted as Cambrian, but evidence that it is Devonian includes reexamined fossil data and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology. The Ignacio Formation has a stratigraphic trend of detrital zircon ages shifting from a single ca. 1.7 Ga age peak to bimodal ca. 1.4 Ga and ca. 1.7 Ga age peaks, which represents local source-area unroofing history. Specifically, the upper plate of a Proterozoic thrust system (ca. 1.7 Ga Twilight Gneiss) was eroded prior to exposure of the lower plate (ca. 1.4 Ga Uncompahgre Formation). These results are a significant alternative interpretation of the geologic history of the southern Rocky Mountains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02085.1","usgsCitation":"Evans, J.E., Maurer, J.T., and Holm-Denoma, C.S., 2019, Recognition and significance of Late Devonian fluvial, estuarine, and mixed siliciclastic-carbonate nearshore marine environments in the San Juan Mountains (southwestern Colorado, U.S.A.): Multiple incised valleys backfilled by lowstand and transgressive system tracts: Geosphere, v. 15, no. 5, p. 1497-1507, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02085.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1497","endPage":"1507","ipdsId":"IP-103463","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467377,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02085.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437368,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SYHGUV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U-Pb detrital zircon data for: lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks near Silverton, CO USA"},{"id":367539,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.04092407226562,\n 37.137329767248794\n ],\n [\n -107.63168334960936,\n 37.137329767248794\n ],\n [\n -107.63168334960936,\n 37.847748103485365\n ],\n [\n -108.04092407226562,\n 37.847748103485365\n ],\n [\n -108.04092407226562,\n 37.137329767248794\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, James E.","contributorId":194435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maurer, Joshua T","contributorId":219120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maurer","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":13587,"text":"Bowling Green State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440 cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":2442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher","email":"cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70205112,"text":"70205112 - 2019 - The effects of restored hydrologic connectivity on floodplain trapping vs. release of phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment along the Pocomoke River, Maryland USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-03T17:34:57","indexId":"70205112","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-09T17:24:55","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of restored hydrologic connectivity on floodplain trapping vs. release of phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment along the Pocomoke River, Maryland USA","docAbstract":"River channelization and artificial levees have decreased the hydrologic connectivity of river-floodplain systems around the world. In response, restoration through enhancing connectivity has been advocated to improve the functions of floodplains, but uncertain benefits and the possibility of phosphate release from re-flooded soils has limited implementation. In this study, we measured change in floodplain P, N, and sediment mass balances after restoration along channelized reaches in the lowland Pocomoke River, Maryland USA. Two floodplains (one headwater, one mainstem) restored through partial levee breaches were compared to two additional mainstem floodplains (one natural unchannelized, one unrestored channelized). Potential soluble reactive P (SRP) release from soil cores during experimental laboratory floods; soil P, Fe, and Al fractionation; and deposition and P and N content of sediment were measured before and after the restoration period, as well as in situ inputs and release of SRP and dissolved inorganic N from soils after restorations. Potential SRP release, during both the before and after restoration period, was greatest at the channelized mainstem and restored mainstem sites, lower at the restored headwater site, and small at the natural mainstem site. Both restored sites had smaller potential SRP release after restoration compared to before restoration. In situ SRP release slightly exceeded inputs to soils at connected sites during the post-restoration period, with less net release at the restored sites compared to the natural mainstem site. The magnitude of gross and net SRP release from soils in the field was smaller than, and uncorrelated with, potential SRP release estimated from laboratory experimental floods. Gross soil SRP release rates in the field were predictable using the ratio of soil oxalate-extractable P/Al. Sedimentation inputs of P and N increased at all sites during the post-restoration period, with rates at restored sites intermediate compared to the much higher rates at the natural mainstem site and somewhat lower rates at the channelized mainstem site. These sediment inputs of nutrients were much larger than rates of inorganic P and N release from soils, indicating net trapping of P and N after restoration. Restoring floodplain hydrologic connectivity showed moderate success at increasing the trapping of P, N, and sediment, with relatively little phosphate release, and therefore improving water quality.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.08.002","usgsCitation":"Noe, G.E., Boomer, K., Gillespie, J., Hupp, C.R., Martin-Alciati, M., Floro, K., Schenk, E.R., Jacobs, A.K., and Strano, S., 2019, The effects of restored hydrologic connectivity on floodplain trapping vs. release of phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment along the Pocomoke River, Maryland USA: Ecological Engineering, v. 138, p. 334-352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.08.002.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"352","ipdsId":"IP-106687","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.08.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Pocomoke River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.5859375,\n 38.0091482264894\n ],\n [\n -75.3717041015625,\n 38.08268954483802\n ],\n [\n -75.29891967773438,\n 38.13887716726548\n ],\n [\n -75.19454956054688,\n 38.28885871419223\n ],\n [\n -75.2838134765625,\n 38.43960662292255\n ],\n [\n -75.35110473632812,\n 38.4514377951069\n ],\n [\n -75.4046630859375,\n 38.4514377951069\n ],\n [\n -75.43899536132812,\n 38.429925130409366\n ],\n [\n -75.53237915039062,\n 38.24680876017446\n ],\n [\n -75.61203002929688,\n 38.212288054388175\n ],\n [\n -75.68206787109375,\n 38.04052046968823\n ],\n [\n -75.66696166992186,\n 37.96152331396614\n ],\n [\n -75.5859375,\n 38.0091482264894\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"138","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boomer, Kathy","contributorId":218733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boomer","given":"Kathy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gillespie, Jaimie 0000-0002-6483-0359","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-0359","contributorId":202016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillespie","given":"Jaimie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin-Alciati, Mario 0000-0003-3094-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3094-2843","contributorId":218734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin-Alciati","given":"Mario","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Floro, Kelly","contributorId":218735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Floro","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schenk, Edward R.","contributorId":202018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schenk","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jacobs, Amy K.","contributorId":174754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Strano, Steve","contributorId":218736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strano","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13501,"text":"USDA NRCS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70204890,"text":"70204890 - 2019 - Mid-piacenzian of the north Atlantic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-04T17:14:58.403893","indexId":"70204890","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-09T15:09:42","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-piacenzian of the north Atlantic Ocean","docAbstract":"The Piacenzian Age (Pliocene) represents a past climate interval within which frequency and magnitude of environmental changes during a period of past global warmth can be analyzed, climate models can be tested, and results can be placed in a context to better prepare for future change. Here we focus on the North Atlantic region, incorporating new and existing faunal assemblage and alkenone data from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 642, 662, 982, and 999, and International Ocean Discovery Program Sites 1308 and 1313 into our paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Cores and outcrop material containing Piacenzian sediments from the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Virginia, USA, are also included. These data allow us to characterize regional changes in temperature, salinity, upwelling, surface productivity, and diversity, associated with climate transitions, and make nuanced reconstructions of mid-Piacenzian conditions within a high-resolution temporal framework between ~3.40 and ~3.15 Ma, inclusive of Marine Isotope Stages M2 through KM5. We include an initial comparison of estimated sea-surface temperature to coupled climate model simulations, which shows improvement in model adherence to paleoclimate parameters over previous data-model comparisons for the Pliocene.","language":"English","publisher":"Micropress","doi":"10.29041/strat.16.3.119-144","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H.J., Robinson, M.M., Foley, K.M., Herbert, T.D., Otto-Bliesner, B.L., and Spivey, W., 2019, Mid-piacenzian of the north Atlantic Ocean: Stratigraphy, v. 16, no. 3, p. 119-144, https://doi.org/10.29041/strat.16.3.119-144.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"144","ipdsId":"IP-099499","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herbert, Timothy D.","contributorId":192841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herbert","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.","contributorId":209685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otto-Bliesner","given":"Bette","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6648,"text":"National Center for Atmospheric Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spivey, Whittney 0000-0003-1111-3361 wspivey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1111-3361","contributorId":214849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spivey","given":"Whittney","email":"wspivey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70203223,"text":"ofr20191046 - 2019 - Using scenarios to evaluate vulnerability of grassland communities to climate change in the Southern Great Plains of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T17:40:04.061442","indexId":"ofr20191046","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-09T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1046","displayTitle":"Using Scenarios to Evaluate Vulnerability of Grassland Communities to Climate Change in the Southern Great Plains of the United States","title":"Using scenarios to evaluate vulnerability of grassland communities to climate change in the Southern Great Plains of the United States","docAbstract":"Scenario planning is a useful tool for identifying key vulnerabilities of ecological systems to changing climates, informed by the potential outcomes for a set of divergent, plausible, and relevant climate scenarios. We evaluated potential vulnerabilities of grassland communities to changing climate in the Southern Great Plains (SGP) and the Landscape Conservation Design pilot area (LCD) for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Science Applications Program, Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative. Four climate scenarios (warm-dry, warm-wet, hot-dry, and hot-wet) from atmospheric-ocean general circulation models were selected to represent a suite of plausible future climatic conditions. For each scenario, and for contemporary climatic conditions, we predicted the spatial patterns of relative productivity for indicator grass species using statistical models of relative above-ground net primary productivity (hereafter, productivity) based on temperature, precipitation, and soil texture (percent sand, silt, or clay).
Two indicator grass species were selected to represent each of four focal grassland communities: semi-desert grasslands, shortgrass prairie, mixed-grass prairie, and tallgrass prairie. Changes in spatial patterning of bioclimatic conditions conducive for each indicator species as predicted for each climate scenario relative to current land use were used to evaluate potential vulnerability and conservation opportunities for grassland communities. Specifically, the following questions were addressed for each focal grassland community: (1) Where is the productivity of each species predicted to increase, decrease, or remain stable relative to estimated contemporary productivity for the SGP and LCD pilot area, (2) where is the productivity of the two indicator species for each community predicted to increase, decrease, or remain stable, (3) which grassland communities are most vulnerable to changes in composition and vertical structure, (4) how do current land-use patterns contribute to potential vulnerabilities of grassland communities for the climate scenarios evaluated, and (5) how can managers use the vulnerabilities identified to evaluate conservation opportunities in the SGP and LCD?
Current land-use patterns, in combination with the potential effects of a changing climate, pose greater risks to mixed-grass and tallgrass prairies of the SGP compared to semi-desert grasslands and shortgrass prairie. For most climate scenarios evaluated, bioclimatic conditions conducive to the taller species were predicted to contract within some or all the current distribution of mixed-grass and tallgrass prairies within the SGP. An increase in precipitation, however, could potentially ameliorate the negative effects of increasing temperatures as evidenced by higher productivity for the hot-wet scenario compared to the other scenarios for the most vulnerable species. Compounding their greater vulnerability to increasing temperatures coupled with decreasing precipitation, the mixed-grass and tallgrass prairies have been greatly fragmented and converted, primarily by agriculture. In contrast, the climate scenarios evaluated are generally conducive to stable or increasing productivity of indicator species for semi-desert grasslands and shortgrass prairie. In addition, conversion and fragmentation of semi-desert grasslands and shortgrass prairie were relatively low. These results suggest that the synergistic effects of land use and changing climatic conditions could have the greatest effects on the composition and structure of mixed-grass and tallgrass prairies in the SGP. ScienceBase data release files that support this report are available at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DGJHEP
(Manier and others, 2019).
Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Building C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
Background.—Pesticide results from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) are used for water-quality assessments by many agencies and organizations. The USGS is committed to providing data of the highest possible quality to the consumers of its data. A cooperator’s inquiries about specific pesticide detections in water revealed potential laboratory contamination issues for some results. Consequently, the USGS conducted an extensive evaluation of potential low-level contamination related to processing or analysis of water-quality samples at NWQL for 21 pesticide compounds of interest to the cooperator. This is the most comprehensive study of NWQL pesticide quality-control (QC) results to date.
Purpose and scope.—The purpose of this study was to document protocols used by the NWQL to censor pesticide results and to determine the effects of laboratory contamination—as determined from detections in laboratory set blanks—on pesticide detections in groundwater and surface-water samples. More than 30,000 pesticide results from 113 selected batches of samples (2 percent or less of total batches) analyzed by the NWQL during the 15 years from 2001 to 2015 were reviewed. All laboratory results from the selected batches, including results from environmental (surface water and groundwater) and QC (set-blank, blind-blank, and blind-spike) samples, were evaluated. The study includes results for 21 pesticide compounds analyzed in groundwater and surface-water samples collected across the United States. Eleven pesticide compounds were analyzed by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method and 10 compounds by a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method.
Objectives and methods.—The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the characteristics of laboratory contamination over time, (2) compare distributions of pesticide results in set blanks with distributions in environmental samples, (3) evaluate the potential for false-positive and false-negative reporting of results, and (4) evaluate the effects of reevaluating historical pesticide results using 2017 compound identification protocols on detections of pesticides in groundwater and surface-water samples. The 113 instrument batches selected for this study contained detections of one or more of the 21 pesticide compounds in set blanks or were among those batches with the highest pesticide detection frequencies in set blanks. As a result, the dataset for this study was targeted toward pesticides and batches with laboratory contamination. The objectives were addressed by statistically comparing environmental and set-blank results; computing moving averages of set-blank detection frequencies to identify periods of episodic contamination; and using summary statistics, tabular summaries, and graphical approaches, such as time-series plots and cumulative distribution functions.
Results.—Objective 1: Laboratory contamination, as determined by pesticide detections in set blanks, was found in 13 percent of set-blank results from the 113 targeted batches included in this study (as compared to 6 percent of set-blank results from all 7,620 batches analyzed during the study period). It is estimated that 92 percent of the laboratory contamination during the study period was episodic, meaning that it occurred during discrete periods of time. All 21 of the targeted pesticide compounds had periods of episodic contamination, with most episodes ranging in duration from about 1 to 8 months. The remaining 8 percent of laboratory contamination was random or from a known source (deterministic).
Objective 2: For some compounds, graphs of cumulative distribution functions of the entire distributions of set-blank and environmental samples overlap, suggesting that there is no difference in the distributions of the two types of samples. However, time-series graphs show that detections in set blanks often occur at different times (sometimes separated by years) than detections in environmental samples, indicating clear differences in those distributions, and indicating the importance of evaluating the timing of detections in all sample types.
For most compounds detected in set-blank and environmental samples, detection frequencies were significantly greater in set blanks than in groundwater or surface-water samples (p<0.05). There are several explanations for this finding, including that the 113 batches of samples chosen for this study targeted batches with detections in set blanks or that detections in set-blank samples were historically determined with less stringent identification criteria than for environmental samples (groundwater and surface-water samples).
Objective 3: The false-positive and false-negative rates from blind samples submitted during the study period by the USGS Quality Systems Branch generally were less than 1 and 5 percent, respectively, for the 21 pesticides. The only compound with a false-positive rate greater than 1 percent was flumetsulam (2.6 percent), indicating that there is a higher likelihood of flumetsulam being reported as a detection when it is not present in an environmental sample compared with the reporting of other compounds.
Objective 4: Altogether, for data in targeted batches, NWQL would have reported 0.1 percent of results from groundwater samples and 1.4 percent of results from surface-water samples differently if 2017 identification protocols were applied to historical pesticide results. In most of these cases, detections observed in historical results would change to nondetections. The small percentages of changes that would occur if historical data were reevaluated indicate that historical protocols used by the NWQL to identify detections in environmental samples were robust and produced results that are predominantly consistent with current [2017] practices.
Conclusions.—The NWQL produces high-quality pesticide results at environmentally relevant concentrations. NWQL identification protocols and censoring practices are largely effective at minimizing the reporting of false-positive and false-negative results. Laboratory contamination, when it occurred, tended to occur in episodes; thus, evaluating the timing and magnitude of detections in set blanks relative to detections in environmental samples was determined to be an important consideration for analysis of environmental results. Because NWQL censoring practices do not address all types and occurrences of laboratory contamination, options for additional censoring practices are provided for data users with more specific or stringent data-quality objectives. The methods used to analyze the 21 compounds for this report can similarly be applied to all 173 pesticide compounds that were analyzed by the NWQL during the same time period. This study also has helped to identify potential improvements in reporting USGS data, such as conducting more frequent review of set-blank datasets.
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U.S. Geological Survey
413 National Center
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The loss of species diversity and plant community structure throughout the temperate deciduous forests of North America have often been attributed to overbrowsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginanus). Slow species recovery following removal from browsing, or reduction in deer density, has been termed a legacy effect of past deer herbivory. However, vegetation legacy effects have also coincided with changes to soil chemistry throughout the north-eastern USA. In this paper, we assess the viability of soil chemistry (i.e. pH, extractable nutrients and extractable metals) and other factors (topography, light, overstory basal area and location) as alternative explanations for a lack of vegetation recovery. We compared the relative effects of soil chemistry, site conditions and short-term (1–2 year) deer exclusion on single-species occupancy probabilities of 10 plant taxa common to oak-hickory forests in central Pennsylvania. We found detection for all modelled species was constant and high (
Scientists with the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area can be found at Science Centers and Cooperative Research Units across the Nation. We provide scientific research for the Department of the Interior that supports the management and conservation of our Nation’s biological resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip192","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2019, Ecosystems Mission Area bookmark: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 192, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip192.","productDescription":"Bookmark: 2.25 inches x 7.50 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-109175","costCenters":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366370,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0192/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":367397,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0192/gip192_print_file.pdf","text":"Report File for printing (includes printer's marks)","size":"7.99 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 192: High Resolution with printer's marks","linkHelpText":"This file must be downloaded. Right-click the link, and select \"save link as\"."},{"id":366371,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0192/gip192.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.94 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 192"}],"contact":"Associate Director, Ecosystems
U.S. Geological Survey
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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the United States' official national topographic mapping organization, is building and maintaining geographic databases for fundamental base geographic layers of land cover, structures, boundaries, hydrography, geographic names, transportation, elevation, and orthoimagery as The National Map. Data from the 3D Elevation Program, the National Hydrography Dataset and other national programs provide public domain, authoritative, accurate, and reliable data for The National Map, and data are served to United States government organizations and the public. Products of The National Map include viewable and downloadable data for all data layers, derivative products including US Topo, and web services of the data. The US Topo product is automatically generated from national map databases and produces topographic maps every three years for all 48 of the contiguous United States, Hawaii, and the United States territories.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2019 US national report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ICC 2019","conferenceDate":"July 15-20, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Tokyo, Japan","language":"English","publisher":"Cartography and Geographic Information Society","usgsCitation":"Usery, E., 2019, U.S. Geological Survey accomplishments in cartography 2015-2019, in 2019 US national report, Tokyo, Japan, July 15-20, 2019, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108334","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":369870,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cartogis.org/2019/08/08/2019-us-national-report/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":204684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E. Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207538,"text":"70207538 - 2019 - Canals, backfilling and wetland loss in the Mississippi Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-24T11:28:06","indexId":"70207538","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-08T11:24:16","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Canals, backfilling and wetland loss in the Mississippi Delta","docAbstract":"Canals and spoil banks have contributed significantly to high rates of wetland loss in the Mississippi delta. There has been relatively little research on management of canals and spoil banks and this needs to be a significant component of restoration of the delta. We analyze research on the role of backfilling canals in the context of delta restoration with special reference to Turner and McClenachan (2018) who state that if all canals were backfilled, it could significantly reduce or even reverse wetland loss and that most wetland loss is caused by canals. We agree with T&M that canals have been a significant cause of wetland loss in the Mississippi Delta and that removing spoil banks and backfilling canals should be an integral part of delta restoration. However, a number of factors need to be considered when choosing which canals to backfill including possible enhanced erosion due to exposure to wave action for newly created and remnant marsh, the current and future production history of oil and natural gas from canals, and other restoration activities in oil and gas fields. Turner and McClenachan’s analysis using wetland loss patterns in 15-minute quadrangles suggesting that canal density can explain most wetland loss in coastal Louisiana is flawed because of scale problems and other impacts of oil and gas activity. These impacts include subsurface induced subsidence and the impact of produced water and toxins on wetlands that are largely unrelated to surface alteration due to canals and spoil banks.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106325","usgsCitation":"Day, J.W., Shaffer, G.P., Cahoon, D., and DeLaune, R.D., 2019, Canals, backfilling and wetland loss in the Mississippi Delta: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 227, 106325, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106325.","productDescription":"106325, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106659","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.912353515625,\n 28.8927788645183\n ],\n [\n -88.824462890625,\n 29.420460341013133\n ],\n [\n -88.802490234375,\n 30.116621582819377\n ],\n [\n -89.58251953125,\n 30.315987718557867\n ],\n [\n -89.901123046875,\n 30.72294882477251\n ],\n [\n -91.12060546875,\n 30.883369321692268\n ],\n [\n -92.252197265625,\n 30.590637026892917\n ],\n [\n -92.493896484375,\n 30.088107753367257\n ],\n [\n -93.6639404296875,\n 30.140376821599734\n ],\n [\n -93.91113281249999,\n 29.740532166753606\n ],\n [\n -93.1915283203125,\n 29.750070930806785\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 29.52567042617583\n ],\n [\n -91.73583984374999,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -91.43920898437499,\n 29.554345125748267\n ],\n [\n -91.109619140625,\n 29.209713225868185\n ],\n [\n -90.2032470703125,\n 29.094577077511826\n ],\n [\n -88.912353515625,\n 28.8927788645183\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"227","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, John W.","contributorId":200323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Day","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Gary P.","contributorId":178419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":219657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeLaune, Ronald D.","contributorId":61581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeLaune","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204931,"text":"70204931 - 2019 - Eastern Pacific migration strategies of pink-footed shearwaters Ardenna creatopus: Implications for fisheries interactions and international conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-26T09:37:36","indexId":"70204931","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-08T11:20:56","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Eastern Pacific migration strategies of pink-footed shearwaters Ardenna creatopus: Implications for fisheries interactions and international conservation","title":"Eastern Pacific migration strategies of pink-footed shearwaters Ardenna creatopus: Implications for fisheries interactions and international conservation","docAbstract":"The pink-footed shearwater Ardenna creatopus has a breeding range restricted to 3 central-Chilean islands and travels north in the eastern Pacific Ocean during the non-breeding period. Despite its Vulnerable IUCN status, the locations and relative importance of core non-breeding areas and migratory pathways of the species are not well understood. During 5 years between 2006 and 2015, we tracked the movements of 42 after-hatch-year pink-footed shearwaters in the non-breeding season using satellite tags. Tracked shearwaters exhibited 2 post-breeding-season migration strategies: 28% of individuals traveled 1600-2500 km north from their colonies to spend the entire non-breeding season off Peru, and 72% traveled 8000-11000 km north to waters off western North America (Baja California, Mexico, to southernmost Canada). Individuals that traveled to North America stopped in Peruvian waters on each leg of the migration, making this a migratory bottleneck. Core non-breeding-season areas included continental shelf and slope waters off Trujillo to Lima (Peru), central Baja California (Mexico), southern to central California (USA), and central Oregon (USA) to southern Vancouver Island (Canada). Of 12 national exclusive economic zones (EEZs) encountered north of their breeding range, birds primarily utilized the USA, Peru and Mexico, and to a lesser degree Chile, Canada, and Ecuador. Bycatch in fisheries was recently identified as a significant at-sea threat to pink-footed shearwaters, and we found evidence of pink-footed shearwater bycatch in 6 EEZs encountered by tracked birds, although quantification of bycatch magnitude is variable and not all fisheries have been studied.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/esr00969","usgsCitation":"Felis, J.J., Adams, J., Hodum, P., Carle, R., and Colodro, V., 2019, Eastern Pacific migration strategies of pink-footed shearwaters Ardenna creatopus: Implications for fisheries interactions and international conservation: Endangered Species Research, v. 39, p. 269-282, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00969.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"282","ipdsId":"IP-104256","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00969","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":366854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Felis, Jonathan J. 0000-0002-0608-8950 jfelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0608-8950","contributorId":4825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felis","given":"Jonathan","email":"jfelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Josh","contributorId":218388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Josh","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodum, Peter 0000-0003-2160-5132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2160-5132","contributorId":169797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hodum","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25597,"text":"Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carle, Ryan D.","contributorId":213443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carle","given":"Ryan D.","affiliations":[{"id":25597,"text":"Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Colodro, Valentina 0000-0001-9285-3171","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9285-3171","contributorId":169798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colodro","given":"Valentina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25597,"text":"Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70216451,"text":"70216451 - 2019 - Genomic identity of white oak species in an eastern North American syngameon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-18T16:23:42.581442","indexId":"70216451","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-08T10:17:01","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":800,"text":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genomic identity of white oak species in an eastern North American syngameon","docAbstract":"The eastern North American white oaks, a complex of approximately 16 potentially interbreeding species, have become a classic model for studying the genetic nature of species in a syngameon. Genetic work over the past two decades has demonstrated the reality of oak species, but gene flow between sympatric oaks raises the question of whether there are conserved regions of the genome that define oak species. Does gene flow homogenize the entire genome? Do the regions of the genome that distinguish a species in one part of its range differ from the regions that distinguish it in other parts of its range, where it grows in sympatry with
different species? Or are there regions of the genome that are relatively conserved across species ranges? In this study, we revisit seven species of the eastern North American white oak syngameon using a set of 80 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected in a previous study because they show differences among, and consistency within, the species. We test the hypothesis that there exist segments of the genome that do not become homogenized by repeated introgression, but retain distinct alleles characteristic of each species. We undertake a range-wide sampling to investigate whether SNPs that appeared to be fixed based on a relatively small sample in our previous work are fixed or nearly fixed across the range of the species. Each of the seven species remains genetically distinct across its range, given our diagnostic set of markers, with relatively few individuals exhibiting admixture of multiple species. SNPs map back to all 12 Quercus linkage groups (chromosomes) and are separated from each other by an average of 7.47 million bp (± 8.74 million bp, SD), but are significantly clustered relative to a random null distribution, suggesting that our SNP toolkit reflects genome-wide patterns of divergence while potentially being concentrated in regions of the genome that reflect a higher-than-average history of among-species divergence. This application of a DNA toolkit designed for the simple problem of identifying species in the field has two important implications. First, the eastern North American white oak syngameon is composed of entities that most taxonomists would consider “good species.” Second, and more fundamentally, species in the syngameon are genetically coherent because characteristic portions of the genome remain divergent despite a history of introgression. Understanding the conditions under which some loci diverge while others introgress is key to understanding the origins and maintenance of global tree diversity.
Quagga (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) and zebra (D. polymorpha) mussels are broadcast spawners that produce planktonic, free swimming veligers, a life history strategy dissimilar to native North American freshwater bivalves. Dreissenid veligers require highly nutritious food to grow and survive, and thus may be susceptible to increased mortality rates during harsh environmental conditions like cyanobacteria blooms. However, the impact of cyanobacteria and one of the toxins they can produce (microcystin) has not been evaluated in dreissenid veligers. Therefore, we exposed dreissenid veligers to eleven distinct cultures (isolates) of cyanobacteria representing Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Microcystis, and Planktothrixspecies and the cyanotoxin microcystin to determine the lethality of cyanobacteria on dreissenid veligers. Six-day laboratory bioassays were performed in microplates using dreissenid veligers collected from the Detroit River, Michigan, USA. Veligers were exposed to increasing concentrations of cyanobacteria and microcystin using the green algae Chlorella minutissima as a control. Based on dose response curves formulated from a Probit model, the LC50 values for cyanobacteria used in this study range between 15.06 and 135.06 μg/L chlorophyll-a, with the LC50 for microcystin-LR at 13.03 μg/L. Because LC50 values were within ranges observed in natural waterbodies, it is possible that dreissenid recruitment may be suppressed when veliger abundances overlap with seasonal cyanobacteria blooms. Thus, the toxicity of cyanobacteria to dreissenid veligers may be useful to include in models forecasting dreissenid mussel abundance and spread.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109426","usgsCitation":"Boegehold, A.G., Johnson, N., and Kashian, D.R., 2019, Bloom forming cyanobacteria can adversely affect zebra and quagga mussel veligers: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 182, Article 109426, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109426.","productDescription":"Article 109426","ipdsId":"IP-109520","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109426","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":366365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"182","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boegehold, Anna G.","contributorId":205600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boegehold","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":150983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas S.","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kashian, Donna R.","contributorId":205602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kashian","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204645,"text":"70204645 - 2019 - Promoting change in common tern (Sterna hirundo) nest site selection to minimize construction related disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T10:08:17","indexId":"70204645","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-08T08:09:15","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Promoting change in common tern (Sterna hirundo) nest site selection to minimize construction related disturbance","title":"Promoting change in common tern (Sterna hirundo) nest site selection to minimize construction related disturbance","docAbstract":"With dramatic declines in waterbird populations around the globe, wildlife managers have taken great care to minimize disturbance to breeding waterbird colonies. However, sometimes disturbance cannot be avoided and other actions must be considered. During the 2017 breeding season, a colony of Sterna hirundo (Common terns) were deterred from a historic nesting site due to concerns that nearby restoration related construction activities would result in continued disturbances and eventual nest abandonment. Deterrence involved placing overhead lines with flagging 1.5m above the ground surface throughout the historic nesting site early in the nesting season. Concurrently, breeding pairs of S. hirundo from the historic nesting site were encouraged to relocate to a nearby location where construction disturbance was considered minimal via a mix of social attractants (digital calls and decoys). This paired approach of deterrence and attraction was considered successful at relocating the colony, with 240 active S. hirundo nests at the relocation site. While nine nests were established in the historic colony when only diagonal and perpendicular overhead lines were present, no additional nests constructed after overhead parallel lines were added. Eggs (n=13) from these early nests were transferred into similar aged nests in the relocation colony and allowed to incubate naturally with an existing clutch. Eleven of the 13 relocated eggs successfully hatched. The success of this project shows that it is possible, with careful planning and coordination, for construction activities at habitat restoration sites to continue uninterrupted and still allow for successful nesting.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","doi":"10.3368/er.37.3.143","usgsCitation":"McGowan, P.C., Sullivan, J.D., Callahan, C., Schultz, W., Wall, J.L., and Prosser, D., 2019, Promoting change in common tern (Sterna hirundo) nest site selection to minimize construction related disturbance: Ecological Restoration, v. 37, no. 3, p. 143-147, https://doi.org/10.3368/er.37.3.143.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"147","ipdsId":"IP-094874","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZKCA0R","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Promoting Change in Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) Nest Site Selection to Minimize Construction Related Disturbance"},{"id":366359,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, Peter C.","contributorId":13867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGowan","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullivan, Jeffery D.","contributorId":202910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":767902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callahan, Carl C.","contributorId":217953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Callahan","given":"Carl C.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schultz, William","contributorId":217954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wall, Jennifer L.","contributorId":205845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wall","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Prosser, Diann 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":217952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70234294,"text":"70234294 - 2019 - Size selectivity of sampling gears used to sample Kokanee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-08T11:47:10.873554","indexId":"70234294","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-08T06:44:24","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Size selectivity of sampling gears used to sample Kokanee","docAbstract":"Kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka provide valued recreational fisheries and also serve as a prey resource for economically, socially, and ecologically important fishes. As such, management of kokanee is a major focus of natural resource agencies. Kokanee are typically monitored using midwater trawls, but the interpretation of data collected using midwater trawls is difficult due to the unknown size selectivity of the gear. We sought to assess the length selectivity of midwater trawls by comparing estimates obtained from midwater trawls with estimates obtained from gill nets adjusted for size selectivity. Experimental curtain gill nets and midwater trawls were used in conjunction to sample kokanee in seven lentic systems in Idaho. The size selectivity of gill nets was estimated by accounting for the probability of encounter and the probability of retention. Estimates of size selectivity were then used to adjust the length distribution of fish sampled in gill nets. The adjusted length distribution of fish sampled in gill nets was compared with estimates obtained from midwater trawls to identify potential size selectivity of midwater trawls. A pattern of size selectivity was apparent for both sampling techniques. The average length of kokanee sampled with midwater trawls was 111 mm; whereas, kokanee sampled with gill nets had a mean length of 235 mm. Our results suggest experimental gill nets are useful for common sampling of kokanee (e.g., trend monitoring) because the gear is less size selective than midwater trawls and is adjustable for size selectivity. However, midwater trawls are likely the best gear for addressing questions associated with early life history. Overall, our results provide a better understanding of gill-net and midwater trawl selectivity and ultimately improve the ability to sample and manage the species.
The 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan and the 2013 MW6.6 Lushan earthquakes, which both occurred on the Longmen Shan thrust belt, show some interesting similarities and differences. Whereas the Wenchuan earthquake entailed a rupture zone that extended about 300 km northeastward, with fault slip extending to the surface, the Lushan earthquake was the result of a buried and much more compact zone of rupture. The high-frequency ground motions, however, for these two earthquakes, as measured by the peak ground acceleration, were evidently influenced by neither the extent of rupture nor the presence or absence of surface rupture. The source parameters for these two earthquakes tend to confirm the idea that high-frequency ground motion is controlled by stress changes in the rupture zone that give rise to the radiated ground acceleration. The apparent stresses for the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes are about 0.5 and 0.75 MPa, respectively, and the stress drops, in the same order, are about 2.5 and 3.5 MPa. The ratios of average stress drop to apparent stress are in the range 4.5–5 for both events, consistent with expectations based on the Brune (J Geophys Res 75(26):4997–5009, 1970) source model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-019-02291-4","usgsCitation":"Meng, L., Zang, Y., and Zhou, L., 2019, High-frequency ground motion and source characteristics of the 2008 Wenchuan and 2013 Lushan, China, earthquakes: Pure & Applied Geophysics, v. 177, p. 81-93, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02291-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"93","ipdsId":"IP-108067","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Lushan, 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Lingyuan","contributorId":351564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meng","given":"Lingyuan","affiliations":[{"id":84008,"text":"China Earthquake Networks Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zang, Yang","contributorId":351563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zang","given":"Yang","affiliations":[{"id":84008,"text":"China Earthquake Networks Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhou, Longquan","contributorId":351562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"Longquan","affiliations":[{"id":84008,"text":"China Earthquake Networks Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204862,"text":"70204862 - 2019 - Occurrence and sources of radium in groundwater associated with oil fields in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T14:45:32","indexId":"70204862","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-07T14:34:08","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and sources of radium in groundwater associated with oil fields in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"Geochemical data from 40 water wells were used to examine the occurrence and sources of radium (Ra) in groundwater associated with three oil fields in California (Fruitvale, Lost Hills, South Belridge). 226Ra+228Ra activities (range=0.010-0.51 Bq/L) exceeded the 0.185 Bq/L drinking-water standard in 18% of the wells (not drinking-water wells). Radium activities were correlated with TDS concentrations (p<0.001, ρ=0.90, range=145-15,900 mg/L), Mn+Fe concentrations (p<0.001, ρ=0.82, range=<0.005-18.5 mg/L), and pH (p<0.001, ρ=-0.67, range=6.2-9.2), indicating Ra in groundwater was influenced by salinity, redox, and pH. Ra-rich groundwater was mixed with up to 45% oil-field water at some locations, primarily infiltrating through unlined disposal ponds, based on Cl, Li, noble-gas, and other data. Yet 228Ra/226Ra ratios in pond-impacted groundwater (median=3.1) differed from those in oil-field water (median=0.51). PHREEQC mixing calculations and spatial geochemical variations suggest the Ra in oil-field water was removed by co-precipitation with secondary barite and adsorption on Mn-Fe precipitates in the near-pond environment. The saline, organic-rich oil-field water subsequently mobilized Ra from downgradient aquifer sediments via Ra-desorption and Mn/Fe-reduction processes. This study demonstrates that infiltration of oil-field water may leach Ra into groundwater by changing salinity and redox conditions in the subsurface rather than by mixing with a high-Ra source.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.9b02395","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Avner Vengosh, Davis, T., Landon, M.K., Rebecca L. Tyne, Wright, M., Kulongoski, J.T., Hunt, A.G., Barry, P.H., Kondash, A., Wang, Z., and Ballentine, C.J., 2019, Occurrence and sources of radium in groundwater associated with oil fields in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 53, no. 16, p. 9398-9406, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02395.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"9398","endPage":"9406","ipdsId":"IP-106864","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02395","text":"Publisher Index 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This article identifies areas that are susceptible to landslides that could generate tsunamis and discusses approaches to characterize hazard and risk from these events.","language":"English","publisher":"US National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Coe, J.A., Schmitt, R.G., and Bessette-Kirton, E., 2019, An initial assessment of areas where landslides could enter the West Arm of Glacier Bay, Alaska and implications for tsunami hazards: Alaska Park Science, v. 18, no. 1, p. 26-37.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"37","ipdsId":"IP-106069","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366389,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/articles/aps-18-1-4.htm"},{"id":366447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.8170166015625,\n 59.85585085709834\n ],\n [\n -140.90240478515622,\n 59.85585085709834\n ],\n [\n -140.90240478515622,\n 60.19342537315118\n ],\n [\n -141.8170166015625,\n 60.19342537315118\n ],\n [\n -141.8170166015625,\n 59.85585085709834\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitt, Robert G. 0000-0001-8060-1954 rschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-1954","contributorId":5611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Robert","email":"rschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bessette-Kirton, Erin 0000-0002-2797-0694 ebessette-kirton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-0694","contributorId":177153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bessette-Kirton","given":"Erin","email":"ebessette-kirton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204700,"text":"70204700 - 2019 - Earlier plant growth helps compensate for reduced carbon fixation after 13 years of warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T13:29:22","indexId":"70204700","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-07T12:19:55","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earlier plant growth helps compensate for reduced carbon fixation after 13 years of warming","docAbstract":"1. Drylands play a dominant role in global carbon cycling and are particularly vulnerable to increasing temperatures, but our understanding of how dryland ecosystems will respond to climatic change remains notably poor. Considering that the area of drylands is projected to increase 11–23% by 2100, understanding the impacts of warming on the functions and services furnished by these arid and semiarid ecosystems has numerous implications.
2.In a unique 13‐year ecosystem warming experiment in a southwestern U.S. dryland, we investigated the consequences of rising temperature on Achnatherum hymenoides, a widespread, keystone grass species on the Colorado Plateau. We tracked individual‐ and population‐level responses to identify optimal strategies that may have been masked if considering only one level of plant response.
3.We found several factors combined to affect the timing and magnitude of plant responses during the 13th year of warming. These included large warming‐induced biomass increases for individual plants, an 8.5‐day advancement in the growing season, and strong reductions in photosynthetic rates and population cover.
4.Importantly, we observed a lack of photosynthetic acclimation and, thus, a warming‐induced down regulation of photosynthetic rates. However, these physiological responses were concurrent with warmed‐plant increases in growing season length and investment in photosynthetic surfaces, demonstrating the species' ability to balance carbon fixation limitations with warming.
5.These results, which bring together ecophysiological, phenological, reproductive, and morphological assessments of plant responses to warming, suggest that the extent of change in A. hymenoides populations will be based upon numerous adaptive responses that vary in their direction and magnitude. Plant population responses to climatic warming remain poorly resolved, particularly for Earth's drylands, and our in situ experiment assessing multiple strategies offers a novel look into a warmer world.
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OHS was applied to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gages across the conterminous United States to examine the range/distribution of base flow inputs and the utility of this method to build a hydrologic model calibration dataset. OHS models with acceptable goodness-of-fit criteria were insensitive to drainage area, stream density, watershed slope, elevation, agricultural or perennial snow/ice land cover, average annual precipitation, runoff, or evapotranspiration, implying that OHS results are a viable calibration dataset applicable in diverse watersheds. OHS-estimated base flow contribution was compared to base flow-like model components from the USGS National Hydrologic Model Infrastructure run with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (NHM-PRMS). The NHM-PRMS variable gwres_flow is most conceptually like a base flow component of streamflow but the gwres_flow contribution to total streamflow is generally smaller than the OHS-estimated base flow contribution. 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is not well understood for marine predators, especially sea turtles. We tagged loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) with satellite-linked depth loggers in the Gulf of Mexico, where there is a minimal amount of dive data for this species. We tested for associations between four measurements of dive behavior (total daily dive frequency, frequency of dives to the bottom, frequency of long dives and time-at-depth) and both oceanographic conditions (sea surface temperature [SST], net primary productivity [NPP]) and behavioral mode (inter-nesting, migration, or foraging). From 2011–2013 we obtained 26 tracks from 25 adult female loggerheads tagged after nesting in the Gulf of Mexico. All turtles remained in the Gulf of Mexico and spent about 10% of their time at the surface (10% during inter-nesting, 14% during migration, 9% during foraging). Mean total dive frequency was 41.9 times per day. Most dives were ≤ 25 m and between 30–40 min. During inter-nesting and foraging, turtles dived to the bottom 95% of days. SST was an important explanatory variable for all dive patterns; higher SST was associated with more dives per day, more long dives and more dives to the seafloor. Increases in NPP were associated with more long dives and more dives to the bottom, while lower NPP resulted in an increased frequency of overall diving. Longer dives occurred more frequently during migration and a higher proportion of dives reached the seafloor during foraging when SST and NPP were higher. Our study stresses the importance of the interplay between SST and foraging resources for influencing dive behavior.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0220372","usgsCitation":"Iverson, A., Fujisaki, I., Lamont, M.M., and Hart, K., 2019, Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) diving changes with productivity, behavioral mode, and sea surface temperature: PLoS ONE, v. 14, no. 8, e0220372, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220372.","productDescription":"e0220372, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-101494","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467388,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220372","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PY9YBZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Dive data for loggerhead sea turtles in the Gulf of Mexico, 2011-2013"},{"id":366856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cuba, Mexico, United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 27.430289738862594\n ],\n [\n -82.99072265625,\n 29.592565403314087\n ],\n [\n -84.35302734375,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -85.23193359375,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -87.14355468749999,\n 30.694611546632277\n ],\n [\n -88.57177734375,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n -91.34033203125,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -91.93359375,\n 29.973970240516614\n ],\n [\n -92.8125,\n 29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n -94.28466796874999,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -97.36083984375,\n 28.14950321154457\n ],\n [\n -97.62451171875,\n 26.62781822639305\n ],\n [\n -97.40478515625,\n 25.720735134412106\n ],\n [\n -97.88818359375,\n 25.363882272740256\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 22.39071391683855\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 18.8543103618898\n ],\n [\n -94.59228515625,\n 18.06231230454674\n ],\n [\n -92.17529296875,\n 18.47960905583197\n ],\n [\n -91.56005859375,\n 18.291949733550336\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 18.812717856407776\n ],\n [\n -90.3515625,\n 19.9526963975442\n ],\n [\n -90.19775390625,\n 20.96143961409684\n ],\n [\n -87.1875,\n 21.166483858206583\n ],\n [\n -87.69287109375,\n 19.828725387681168\n ],\n [\n -87.86865234374999,\n 19.539084135509334\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 18.437924653474408\n ],\n [\n -78.5302734375,\n 22.28909641872304\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 27.430289738862594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Autumn 0000-0002-8353-6745","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-6745","contributorId":218322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Autumn","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":769006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":38359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamont, Margaret M. 0000-0001-7520-6669","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":218323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, Kristen 0000-0002-5257-7974","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":218324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204767,"text":"70204767 - 2019 - Chemical and physical controls on mercury source signatures in stream fish from the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T06:16:42","indexId":"70204767","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-07T10:30:20","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and physical controls on mercury source signatures in stream fish from the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Streams in the northeastern U.S. receive mercury (Hg) in varying proportions from atmospheric deposition and legacy point sources, making it difficult to attribute shifts in fish concentrations directly back to changes in Hg source management. Mercury stable isotope tracers were utilized to relate sources of Hg to co-located fish and bed sediments from 23 streams across a forested to urban-industrial land-use gradient within this region. Mass-dependent isotopes (δ202Hg) in prey and game fish at forested sites were depleted (medians -0.95 and -0.83 ‰, respectively) in comparison to fish from urban-industrial settings (medians -0.26 and -0.38 ‰, respectively); the forested site group also had higher prey fish Hg concentrations. The separation of Hg isotope signatures in fish was strongly related to in-stream and watershed land-use indicator variables. Fish isotopes were strongly correlated with bed sediment isotopes, but the comparison of isotopic composition between fish and sediment was variable due to differing ecosystem-specific drivers controlling the extent of MeHg formation. The multivariable approach of analyzing watershed characteristics and stream chemistry reveals that the Hg isotope composition in fish is linked to current and historic Hg sources in the northeastern U.S. and can be used to trace bioaccumulated Hg.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.9b03394","usgsCitation":"Janssen, S., Riva-Murray, K., DeWild, J.F., Ogorek, J.M., Tate, M., Van Metre, P.C., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Coles, J.F., 2019, Chemical and physical controls on mercury source signatures in stream fish from the northeastern United States: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 53, no. 17, p. 10110-10119, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03394.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"10110","endPage":"10119","ipdsId":"IP-108655","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water 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Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1039","displayTitle":"Streamflow, Water Quality, and Constituent Loads and Yields, Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island, Water Year 2017","title":"Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island, Water Year 2017","docAbstract":"As part of a long-term cooperative program to monitor water quality within the Scituate Reservoir drainage area, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Providence Water Supply Board, collected streamflow and water-quality data at the Scituate Reservoir and tributaries. Streamflow and concentrations of chloride and sodium estimated from records of specific conductance were used to calculate loads of chloride and sodium during water year 2017 (October 1, 2016, through September 30, 2017) for tributaries to the Scituate Reservoir, Rhode Island. Streamflow was measured or estimated by the U.S. Geological Survey following standard methods at 23 streamgages; 14 of these streamgages are equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring water level, specific conductance, and water temperature. Water-quality samples were collected by the Providence Water Supply Board at 36 sampling stations, which also include the 14 continuous-record streamgages maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey, during water year 2017 as part of a long-term sampling program; all stations are in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Water-quality data collected by the Providence Water Supply Board are summarized by using values of central tendency and are used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for water year 2017.
The Ponaganset River, which is the largest tributary to the reservoir and was monitored by the U.S. Geological Survey, contributed a mean streamflow of 29 cubic feet per second to the reservoir during water year 2017. For the same period, annual mean streamflows measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.44 to about 20 cubic feet per second. Together, tributaries equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance transported about 3,100 metric tons of chloride and 1,900 metric tons of sodium to the Scituate Reservoir during water year 2017; chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 16 to 140 metric tons per square mile, and sodium yields, from 10 to 80 metric tons per square mile.
At the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the Providence Water Supply Board, the medians of the median concentrations were 25.3 milligrams per liter for chloride, 0.002 milligram per liter as nitrogen for nitrite, 0.10 milligram per liter as nitrogen for nitrate, 0.05 milligram per liter as phosphate for orthophosphate, 1,200 colony forming units per 100 milliliters for total coliform bacteria, and 14 colony forming units per 100 milliliters for Escherichia coli (E. coli). The medians of the median daily loads of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, total coliform, and E. coli bacteria were 230 kilograms per day, 17 grams per day, 860 grams per day, 690 grams per day, 84,000 million colony forming units per day, and 1,200 million colony forming units per day, respectively. The medians of the median yields of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, total coliform, and E. coli bacteria were were 87 kilograms per day per square mile, 6.1 grams per day per square mile, 280 grams per day per square mile, 260 grams per day per square mile, 44,000 million colony forming units per day per square mile, and 655 million colony forming units per day per square mile, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Providence Water Supply Board, Rhode Island","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., 2019, Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1039, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191039.","productDescription":"Report: v, 33 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-102155","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365646,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PPAKP6","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-quality data from the Providence Water Supply Board for tributary streams to the Scituate Reservoir, water year 2017"},{"id":365582,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1039/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":365583,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1039/ofr20191039.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1039"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.78878784179688,\n 41.72110557838152\n ],\n [\n -71.53610229492188,\n 41.72110557838152\n ],\n [\n -71.53610229492188,\n 41.97174336327968\n ],\n [\n -71.78878784179688,\n 41.97174336327968\n ],\n [\n -71.78878784179688,\n 41.72110557838152\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275