{"pageNumber":"711","pageRowStart":"17750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70193425,"text":"70193425 - 2012 - Emerging prion disease drives host selection in a wildlife population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:57:58","indexId":"70193425","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emerging prion disease drives host selection in a wildlife population","docAbstract":"

Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as an important force driving population dynamics, conservation biology, and natural selection in wildlife populations. Infectious agents have been implicated in the decline of small or endangered populations and may act to constrain population size, distribution, growth rates, or migration patterns. Further, diseases may provide selective pressures that shape the genetic diversity of populations or species. Thus, understanding disease dynamics and selective pressures from pathogens is crucial to understanding population processes, managing wildlife diseases, and conserving biological diversity. There is ample evidence that variation in the prion protein gene (PRNP) impacts host susceptibility to prion diseases. Still, little is known about how genetic differences might influence natural selection within wildlife populations. Here we link genetic variation with differential susceptibility of white-tailed deer to chronic wasting disease (CWD), with implications for fitness and disease-driven genetic selection. We developed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay to efficiently genotype deer at the locus of interest (in the 96th codon of the PRNP gene). Then, using a Bayesian modeling approach, we found that the more susceptible genotype had over four times greater risk of CWD infection; and, once infected, deer with the resistant genotype survived 49% longer (8.25 more months). We used these epidemiological parameters in a multi-stage population matrix model to evaluate relative fitness based on genotype-specific population growth rates. The differences in disease infection and mortality rates allowed genetically resistant deer to achieve higher population growth and obtain a long-term fitness advantage, which translated into a selection coefficient of over 1% favoring the CWD-resistant genotype. This selective pressure suggests that the resistant allele could become dominant in the population within an evolutionarily short time frame. Our work provides a rare example of a quantifiable disease-driven selection process in a wildlife population, demonstrating the potential for infectious diseases to alter host populations. This will have direct bearing on the epidemiology, dynamics, and future trends in CWD transmission and spread. Understanding genotype-specific epidemiology will improve predictive models and inform management strategies for CWD-affected cervid populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Applications","doi":"10.1890/11-0907.1","usgsCitation":"Robinson, S.J., Samuel, M.D., Johnson, C.J., Adams, M., and McKenzie, D.I., 2012, Emerging prion disease drives host selection in a wildlife population: Ecological Applications, v. 22, no. 3, p. 1050-1059, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0907.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1050","endPage":"1059","ipdsId":"IP-026545","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348600,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a06c8d8e4b09af898c86185","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Stacie J.","contributorId":172022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Stacie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12508,"text":"Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, 1710 University Ave., Room 285, Madison, WI 53726, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Chad J.","contributorId":171369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24576,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Marie","contributorId":192488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Marie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKenzie, Debbie I.","contributorId":171370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Debbie","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":12799,"text":"University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70191698,"text":"70191698 - 2012 - Empirical improvements for estimating earthquake response spectra with random‐vibration theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-17T16:54:06","indexId":"70191698","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical improvements for estimating earthquake response spectra with random‐vibration theory","docAbstract":"

The stochastic method of ground‐motion simulation is often used in combination with the random‐vibration theory to directly compute ground‐motion intensity measures, thereby bypassing the more computationally intensive time‐domain simulations. Key to the application of random‐vibration theory to simulate response spectra is determining the duration (Drms) used in computing the root‐mean‐square oscillator response. Boore and Joyner (1984) originally proposed an equation for Drms , which was improved upon by Liu and Pezeshk (1999). Though these equations are both substantial improvements over using the duration of the ground‐motion excitation for Drms , we document systematic differences between the ground‐motion intensity measures derived from the random‐vibration and time‐domain methods for both of these Drms equations. These differences are generally less than 10% for most magnitudes, distances, and periods of engineering interest. Given the systematic nature of the differences, however, we feel that improved equations are warranted. We empirically derive new equations from time‐domain simulations for eastern and western North America seismological models. The new equations improve the random‐vibration simulations over a wide range of magnitudes, distances, and oscillator periods.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120110244","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., and Thompson, E., 2012, Empirical improvements for estimating earthquake response spectra with random‐vibration theory: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 2, p. 761-772, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110244.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"772","ipdsId":"IP-034109","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e71695e4b05fe04cd331f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David 0000-0002-8605-9673 boore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":140502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Eric M.","contributorId":48501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70193391,"text":"70193391 - 2012 - Variation in spring harvest rates of male wild turkeys in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-14T15:20:36","indexId":"70193391","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in spring harvest rates of male wild turkeys in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"

Spring harvest rates of male wild turkeys (Meleagris gallapavo) influence the number and proportion of adult males in the population and turkey population models have treated harvest as additive to other sources of mortality. Therefore, hunting regulations and their effect on spring harvest rates have direct implications for hunter satisfaction. We used tag recovery models to estimate survival rates, investigate spatial, temporal, and demographic variability in harvest rates, and assess how harvest rates may be related to management strategies and landscape characteristics. We banded 3,266 male wild turkeys throughout New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania during 2006–2009. We found little evidence that harvest rates varied by year or management zone. The proportion of the landscape that was forested within 6.5 km of the capture location was negatively related to harvest rates; however, even though the proportion forested ranged from 0.008 to 0.96 across our study area, this corresponded to differences in harvest rates of only 2–5%. Annual survival was approximately twice as high for juveniles \"equation as adults \"equation. In turn, spring harvest rates for adult turkeys were greater for adults \"equationthan juveniles \"equation. We estimated the population of male turkeys in New York and Pennsylvania ranged from 104,000 to 132,000 in all years and ranged from 63,000 to 75,000 in Ohio. Because of greater harvest rates for adult males, the proportion of adult males in the population was less than in the harvest and ranged from 0.40 to 0.81 among all states and years. The high harvest rates observed for adults may be offset by greater recruitment of juveniles into the adult age class the following year such that these states can sustain high harvest rates yet still maintain a relative high proportion of adult males in the harvest and population.

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nonlinear behavior of symmetric and asymmetric buildings in near fault sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-14T12:35:22","indexId":"70041712","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Significance of rotating ground motions on nonlinear behavior of symmetric and asymmetric buildings in near fault sites","docAbstract":"Building codes in the U.S. require at least two horizontal ground motion components for three-dimensional (3D) response history analysis (RHA) of structures. For sites within 5 km of an active fault, these records should be rotated to fault-normal/fault-parallel (FN/FP) directions, and two RHA analyses should be performed separately (when FN and then FP are aligned with transverse direction of the structural axes). It is assumed that this approach will lead to two sets of responses that envelope the range of possible responses over all non-redundant rotation angles. This assumption is examined here using 3D computer models of a single-story structure having symmetric (that is, torsionally-stiff) and asymmetric (that is, torsionally flexible) layouts subjected to an ensemble of bi-directional near-fault strong ground motions with and without apparent velocity pulses. In this parametric study, the elastic vibration period of the structures is varied from 0.2 to 5 seconds, and yield strength reduction factors R is varied from a value that leads to linear-elastic design to 3 and 5. The influence that the rotation angle of the ground motion has on several engineering demand parameters (EDPs) is examined in linear-elastic and nonlinear-inelastic domains to form a benchmark for evaluating the use of the FN/FP directions as well as the maximum-direction (MD) ground motion, a new definition of horizontal ground motions for use in the seismic design of structures according to the 2009 NEHRP Provisions and Commentary.","conferenceTitle":"9th International Conference on Urban Earthquake Engineering/ 4th Asia Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"2012-03-06T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","language":"English","publisherLocation":"Tokyo, Japan 3/6-8/2012","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., and Juan Carlos Reyes, 2012, Significance of rotating ground motions on nonlinear behavior of symmetric and asymmetric buildings in near fault sites, p. 1-10.","productDescription":"p. 1-10","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-035940","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267392,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/ekalkan/PDFs/A82_Reyes_Kalkan.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511e159be4b071e86a19a4ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juan Carlos Reyes","contributorId":128219,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Juan Carlos Reyes","id":535393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038516,"text":"70038516 - 2012 - Population divergence and gene flow in an endangered and highly mobile seabird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T13:25:49.689072","indexId":"70038516","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1890,"text":"Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population divergence and gene flow in an endangered and highly mobile seabird","docAbstract":"

Seabirds are highly vagile and can disperse up to thousands of kilometers, making it difficult to identify the factors that promote isolation between populations. The endemic Hawaiian petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis) is one such species. Today it is endangered, and known to breed only on the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Lanai and Kauai. Historical records indicate that a large population formerly bred on Molokai as well, but this population has recently been extirpated. Given the great dispersal potential of these petrels, it remains unclear if populations are genetically distinct and which factors may contribute to isolation between them. We sampled petrels from across their range, including individuals from the presumably extirpated Molokai population. We sequenced 524 bp of mitochondrial DNA, 741 bp from three nuclear introns, and genotyped 18 microsatellite loci in order to examine the patterns of divergence in this species and to investigate the potential underlying mechanisms. Both mitochondrial and nuclear data sets indicated significant genetic differentiation among all modern populations, but no differentiation was found between historic samples from Molokai and modern birds from Lanai. Population-specific nonbreeding distribution and strong natal philopatry may reduce gene flow between populations. However, the lack of population structure between extirpated Molokai birds and modern birds on Lanai indicates that there was substantial gene flow between these populations and that petrels may be able to overcome barriers to dispersal prior to complete extirpation. Hawaiian petrel populations could be considered distinct management units, however, the dwindling population on Hawaii may require translocation to prevent extirpation in the near future.

","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/hdy.2012.7","usgsCitation":"Welch, A.J., Fleischer, R.C., James, H., Wiley, A.E., Ostrom, P.H., Adams, J., Duvall, F., Holmes, N., Hu, D., Penniman, J., and Swindle, K.A., 2012, Population divergence and gene flow in an endangered and highly mobile seabird: Heredity, v. 109, no. 1, p. 19-28, https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2012.7.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"28","ipdsId":"IP-029463","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2012.7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.48828125,\n 18.812717856407776\n ],\n [\n -154.62158203125,\n 18.812717856407776\n ],\n [\n -154.62158203125,\n 22.370396344320053\n ],\n [\n -160.48828125,\n 22.370396344320053\n ],\n [\n -160.48828125,\n 18.812717856407776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3b2e4b0bc0bec0a0b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, A. J.","contributorId":119163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleischer, R. C.","contributorId":117574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"James, H. F.","contributorId":116343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"H. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiley, A. E.","contributorId":119760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ostrom, P. H.","contributorId":121266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostrom","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adams, J.","contributorId":45240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Duvall, F.","contributorId":89250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duvall","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Holmes, N.","contributorId":105131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hu, D.","contributorId":11420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Penniman, J.","contributorId":16661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penniman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Swindle, K. A.","contributorId":115402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swindle","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70037920,"text":"sir20115178 - 2012 - Physical habitat, water quality, and riverine biological assemblages of selected reaches of the Sheyenne River, North Dakota, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:30:41","indexId":"sir20115178","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5178","title":"Physical habitat, water quality, and riverine biological assemblages of selected reaches of the Sheyenne River, North Dakota, 2010","docAbstract":"In 2010, data on physical habitat, water quality, and riverine biological assemblages were collected at selected reaches in four locations (Kleven, Sheyenne, Cooperstown, and West Fargo) on the Sheyenne River in east-central North Dakota. Three of the locations (Kleven, Sheyenne, and Cooperstown) are above Baldhill Dam and one location (West Fargo) is below Baldhill Dam on the Sheyenne River. The 2010 data provide information to establish a better understanding of the water-quality and ecological conditions of the Sheyenne River. Concerns were raised about the water-quality and ecological conditions of the Sheyenne River because of the interbasin transfer of water from nearby Devils Lake. The transfer of water from Devils Lake to the Sheyenne River occurs through the Devils Lake State Outlet near Peterson Coulee or, if lake elevations exceed 1,459 feet above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29), through a natural outlet, Tolna Coulee. The field measurements of water-quality characteristics and results of chemical analyses generally are comparable to summary statistics calculated for Sheyenne River for 1980 through 2006. Overall, water-quality results show differences between the Kleven, Sheyenne, Cooperstown, and West Fargo reaches. Sulfate concentrations were less than the State of North Dakota criterion of 750 milligrams per liter for the upper Sheyenne River above Baldhill Dam and less than the criterion of 450 milligrams per liter for the lower Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam. Arsenic concentrations at most reaches exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standard of 10 micrograms per liter. Nutrient concentrations (nitrogen, phosphorus) were higher in the upper Sheyenne River above Baldhill Dam than below Baldhill Dam where concentrations decreased by about half. In 2010, 35 families and 44 genera of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected and identified. On the basis of the index of biotic intergrity scores for benthic macroinvertebrate communities present in the Sheyenne River, all the reaches were determined to have condition classes of moderately disturbed to most disturbed. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities at the Cooperstown reaches were classed as moderately disturbed, whereas benthic macroinvertebrate communities at the Kleven, Sheyenne, West and Fargo reaches were most disturbed. During data collection, 37 genera and 165 species of periphyton (diatoms and soft-bodied algae) were collected and identified. In periphyton communities, similar taxa species were dominant in the Kleven, Sheyenne, and Cooperstown reaches, and different taxa species were dominant in the West Fargo reaches. For diatoms, the Kleven 3 reach had the lowest species richness value of 33.0, whereas the Cooperstown 8 reach had the highest species richness value of 57.0. For soft-bodied algae, the species richness values ranged from 8.0 at the Sheyenne 4 reach to 20.0 at the West Fargo 10 reach. During the fish collection, 32 species, representing 10 families, were collected in the Sheyenne River. All but two species are native to the Sheyenne River system. Common carp and white crappie are the two introduced species. Of the 32 species, 29 are tolerant to moderately tolerant to changes in water quality and habitat degradation, 16 species are tolerant to moderately tolerant to turbidity, and 16 species are tolerant to moderately tolerant to sensitivity to total dissolved solids, sulfate, and chloride. All fish species were categorized into four trophic groups. The largest group of 19 species was the insectivores (both benthic and general). The predator group consisted of seven species, and the omnivores consisted of six species. More fish were found in the lower Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam than in the upper Sheyenne River above Baldhill Dam.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115178","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with North Dakota State Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Lundgren, R.F., Rowland, K.M., and Lindsay, M.J., 2012, Physical habitat, water quality, and riverine biological assemblages of selected reaches of the Sheyenne River, North Dakota, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5178, v, 19 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115178.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5178.gif"},{"id":246886,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5178/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","city":"Flora;Bremen;Cooperstown;West Fargo","otherGeospatial":"Sheyenne River;Devils Lake;Kleven Reaches","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7aafe4b0c8380cd79037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundgren, Robert F. 0000-0001-7669-0552 rflundgr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-0552","contributorId":1657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundgren","given":"Robert","email":"rflundgr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, Kathleen M. 0000-0003-2526-6860 krowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2526-6860","contributorId":1676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Kathleen","email":"krowland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindsay, Matthew J. mlindsay@usgs.gov","contributorId":4747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"Matthew","email":"mlindsay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037888,"text":"sir20125051 - 2012 - Simulation of streamflow and the effects of brush management on water yields in the upper Guadalupe River watershed, south-central Texas, 1995-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T09:16:16","indexId":"sir20125051","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5051","title":"Simulation of streamflow and the effects of brush management on water yields in the upper Guadalupe River watershed, south-central Texas, 1995-2010","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board and the Upper Guadalupe River Authority, developed and calibrated a Soil and Water Assessment Tool watershed model of the upper Guadalupe River watershed in south-central Texas to simulate streamflow and the effects of brush management on water yields in the watershed and to Canyon Lake for 1995–2010. Model simulations were done to quantify the possible change in water yield of individual subbasins in the upper Guadalupe River watershed as a result of the replacement of ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei) with grasslands. The simulation results will serve as a tool for resource managers to guide their brush-management efforts.

\n

Model hydrology was calibrated with streamflow data collected at the U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 08167500 Guadalupe River near Spring Branch, Tex., for 1995–2010. Simulated monthly streamflow showed very good agreement with measured monthly streamflow: a percent bias of -5, a coefficient of determination of 0.91, and a Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of model efficiency of 0.85.

\n

Modified land-cover input datasets were generated for the model in order to simulate the replacement of ashe juniper with grasslands in 23 brush-management subbasins in the watershed. Each of the 23 simulations showed an increase in simulated water yields in the targeted subbasins and to Canyon Lake. The simulated increases in average annual water yields in the subbasins ranged from 6,370 to 119,000 gallons per acre of ashe juniper replaced with grasslands with an average of 38,900 gallons. The simulated increases in average annual water yields to Canyon Lake from upstream subbasins ranged from 6,640 to 72,700 gallons per acre of ashe juniper replaced with grasslands with an average of 34,700 gallons.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board and the Upper Guadalupe River Authority","usgsCitation":"Bumgarner, J.R., and Thompson, F.E., 2012, Simulation of streamflow and the effects of brush management on water yields in the upper Guadalupe River watershed, south-central Texas, 1995-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5051, v, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125051.","productDescription":"v, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5051.gif"},{"id":246882,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Texas Centric Mapping System?Albers Equal Equal Area Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bandera County, Blanco County, Comal County, Gillespie County, Kendall County, Kerr County, Real County","city":"Kerrville","otherGeospatial":"Guadalupe River, Canyon Dam, Canyon Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -10,28.5 ], [ -10,30.5 ], [ -97,30.5 ], [ -97,28.5 ], [ -10,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b908de4b08c986b319584","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bumgarner, Johnathan R. jbumgarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"Johnathan","email":"jbumgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":462973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Florence E. fethomps@usgs.gov","contributorId":3612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Florence","email":"fethomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037915,"text":"sir20125004 - 2012 - Dependence of flow and transport through the Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, on wind, river inflow, and lake elevation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"sir20125004","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5004","title":"Dependence of flow and transport through the Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, on wind, river inflow, and lake elevation","docAbstract":"The hydrodynamic model of Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, was used to run 384 realizations of a numerical tracer experiment in order to understand the relative effects of wind, lake elevation, and Williamson River inflow on flow and transport (the movement of water and passively transported constituents) through the Williamson River Delta. Significant findings from this study include: * The replacement rate of water increased in Tulana and Goose Bay with increasing lake elevation, Williamson River inflow, and wind speed. * The fraction of Williamson River inflow passing through either side of the Delta increased with lake elevation and Williamson River inflow. * The partial replacement rate of water in Goose Bay with water from the Williamson River increased with wind speed. * The partial replacement rate of water in Tulana with water from the Williamson River decreased with wind speed. * Strong wind forcing at the water surface caused more of the Williamson River inflow to pass through Goose Bay than through Tulana. * Westerly to northwesterly winds result in more of the Williamson River inflow passing through the Goose Bay side of the Delta than through the Tulana side. * Regression models developed from the tracer experiments can be used to quantify the dependencies between transport and the independent variables to obtain rough estimates of useful quantities such as residence time and steady-state solute concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Wood, T.M., 2012, Dependence of flow and transport through the Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, on wind, river inflow, and lake elevation: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5004, vi, 30 p.; Appendix; Download Directory; Animation Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125004.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.; Appendix; Download Directory; Animation Downloads","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5004.jpg"},{"id":246870,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"UTM, Zone 10N","datum":"North American Datum 1927","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake;Williamson River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.16666666666667,42.083333333333336 ], [ -122.16666666666667,42.666666666666664 ], [ -121.58333333333333,42.666666666666664 ], [ -121.58333333333333,42.083333333333336 ], [ -122.16666666666667,42.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feafe4b0c8380cd4ee7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70037912,"text":"fs20123044 - 2012 - Famous building stones of our Nation's capital","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-12T09:59:13","indexId":"fs20123044","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3044","title":"Famous building stones of our Nation's capital","docAbstract":"The buildings of our Nation's Capital are constructed with rocks from quarries located throughout the United States and many distant lands. The earliest Government buildings, however, were constructed with stones from nearby sources because it was too difficult and expensive to move heavy materials such as stone any great distance without the aid of modern transportation methods, including large cargo ships, trains, and trucks. This fact sheet describes the source and appearance of three frequently used local stones employed in building Washington, D.C., and the geologic environment in which they were formed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123044","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012, Famous building stones of our Nation's capital: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3044, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123044.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246866,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":246871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3044.gif"},{"id":287048,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3044/pdf/fs2012-3044_rev432012.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Washington D.C.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ef7e4b0c8380cd536cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70037908,"text":"ds682 - 2012 - Thermal profiles for selected river reaches of the Methow and Chewuch Rivers, Washington, August 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"ds682","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-28T11:24:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"682","title":"Thermal profiles for selected river reaches of the Methow and Chewuch Rivers, Washington, August 2011","docAbstract":"Longitudinal profiles of near-streambed and near-surface temperatures were collected for selected reaches of the Methow and Chewuch Rivers, Washington, during August 2011 to facilitate development of a stream temperature model near the confluence of the Methow and Chewuch Rivers. Temperature was measured using a probe with an internal datalogger towed behind a watercraft moving downstream at ambient river velocity. For the Methow River, an additional temperature survey was completed using near-streambed and near-surface probes towed behind a second watercraft that traversed the channel to measure vertical and lateral temperature variability. All data were referenced to location that was concurrently measured with a Global Positioning System. Data are presented as Microsoft Excel® files consisting of date and time, water temperature, and Washington State Plane North easting and northing.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds682","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Gendaszek, A.S., 2012, Thermal profiles for selected river reaches of the Methow and Chewuch Rivers, Washington, August 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 682, iv, 4 p.; Tables Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds682.","productDescription":"iv, 4 p.; Tables Download","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-08-01","temporalEnd":"2011-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_682.jpg"},{"id":246861,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/682/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Methow River;Chewuch River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.20027777777779,48.43416666666666 ], [ -120.20027777777779,48.483333333333334 ], [ -120.13444444444445,48.483333333333334 ], [ -120.13444444444445,48.43416666666666 ], [ -120.20027777777779,48.43416666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb250e4b08c986b325709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gendaszek, Andrew S. 0000-0002-2373-8986 agendasz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8986","contributorId":3509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendaszek","given":"Andrew","email":"agendasz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70037896,"text":"sir20125034 - 2012 - Comparison of two methods for estimating base flow in selected reaches of the South Platte River, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"sir20125034","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-28T09:11:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5034","title":"Comparison of two methods for estimating base flow in selected reaches of the South Platte River, Colorado","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board, compared two methods for estimating base flow in three reaches of the South Platte River between Denver and Kersey, Colorado. The two methods compared in this study are the Mass Balance and the Pilot Point methods. Base-flow estimates made with the two methods were based upon a 54-year period of record (1950 to 2003).

\n

The Mass Balance method for estimating base flow is based on a mass balance of all known inflows to and outflows from a given stream reach, with the equation being solved for groundwater flow into or out of the reach. A positive mass balance indicates a gaining reach (base flow) and a negative balance indicates a losing reach. The mass balance was calculated using daily mean streamflow, wastewater treatment plant discharge, and stream diversion data. Monthly mean base flow was calculated as the average of all daily mean mass-balance results for a given month.

\n

The Pilot Point method is based on a daily mean mass balance of all inflows to and outflows from a stream reach. The Pilot Point differs from the Mass Balance method in that extreme daily mass-balance results are constrained utilizing two analytical solutions that represent the maximum possible streamflow gain or loss. Additionally, the Pilot Point method utilizes a smoothing function, based on a moving average of the daily constrained mass-balance results. The moving average for this study utilized a moving-average period, called the bin width, of 61 days. The maximum and minimum base-flow constraints and the smoothing function are utilized to provide base-flow estimates that exhibit reasonable maximum values and temporal variability consistent with the concept of groundwater flow being gradual and slow.

\n

Both the Mass Balance and Pilot Point results provided similar patterns in annual and monthly base flow. All three reaches were indicated to be gaining reaches, particularly after about 1970, with the magnitude of base flow increasing downstream. This degree of similarity between the two methods was expected because both methods are based on a streamflow mass balance. The magnitude of estimates provided by the two methods was measurably different. The stream gains and losses estimated using the Mass Balance method were consistently more variable and of greater magnitude than those estimated using the Pilot Point method. In the Denver to Henderson reach, the median estimated annual mean base flow was 34.0 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) using the Mass Balance method and was 39.1 ft3/s using the Pilot Point method. In the Henderson to Fort Lupton reach, the median estimated annual mean base flow was 50.0 ft3/s using the Mass Balance method and was 40.0 ft3/s using the Pilot Point method. In the Fort Lupton to Kersey reach, the median estimated annual mean base flow was 234 ft3/s using the Mass Balance method and was 214 ft3/s using the Pilot Point method.

\n

The Mass Balance results were quite variable over time such that they appeared suspect with respect to the concept of groundwater flow as being gradual and slow. The large degree of variability in the day-to-day and month-to-month Mass Balance results is likely the result of many factors. These factors could include ungaged stream inflows or outflows, short-term streamflow losses to and gains from temporary bank storage, and any lag in streamflow accounting owing to streamflow lag time of flow within a reach. The Pilot Point time series results were much less variable than the Mass Balance results and extreme values were effectively constrained. Less day-to-day variability, smaller magnitude extreme values, and smoother transitions in base-flow estimates provided by the Pilot Point method are more consistent with a conceptual model of groundwater flow being gradual and slow. The Pilot Point method provided a better fit to the conceptual model of groundwater flow and appeared to provide reasonable estimates of base flow.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Capesius, J.P., and Arnold, L., 2012, Comparison of two methods for estimating base flow in selected reaches of the South Platte River, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5034, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125034.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1950-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5034.gif"},{"id":246852,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"South Platte River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.58333333333333,39.583333333333336 ], [ -105.58333333333333,40.583333333333336 ], [ -104.41666666666667,40.583333333333336 ], [ -104.41666666666667,39.583333333333336 ], [ -105.58333333333333,39.583333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8b8e4b0c8380cd4d25c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capesius, Joseph P. capesius@usgs.gov","contributorId":698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capesius","given":"Joseph","email":"capesius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":462990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, L. Rick","contributorId":101613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L. Rick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037899,"text":"sir20125029 - 2012 - Modification of selected South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T17:33:08","indexId":"sir20125029","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-28T08:54:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5029","title":"Modification of selected South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves","docAbstract":"Historic scour was investigated at 231 bridges in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain physiographic provinces of South Carolina by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation. These investigations led to the development of field-derived envelope curves that provided supplementary tools to assess the potential for scour at bridges in South Carolina for selected scour components that included clear-water abutment, contraction, and pier scour, and live-bed pier and contraction scour. The envelope curves consist of a single curve with one explanatory variable encompassing all of the measured field data for the respective scour components. In the current investigation, the clear-water abutment-scour and live-bed contraction-scour envelope curves were modified to include a family of curves that utilized two explanatory variables, providing a means to further refine the assessment of scour potential for those specific scour components. The modified envelope curves and guidance for their application are presented in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S., and Caldwell, A.W., 2012, Modification of selected South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5029, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125029.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5029.jpg"},{"id":246851,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cb1e4b0c8380cd6fea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":3228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037876,"text":"70037876 - 2012 - Characterizing mercury concentrations and fluxes in a Coastal Plain watershed: Insights from dynamic modeling and data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-19T17:02:52.022313","indexId":"70037876","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-26T11:56:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing mercury concentrations and fluxes in a Coastal Plain watershed: Insights from dynamic modeling and data","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) is one of the leading water quality concerns in surface waters of the United States. Although watershed-scale Hg cycling research has increased in the past two decades, advances in modeling watershed Hg processes in diverse physiographic regions, spatial scales, and land cover types are needed. The goal of this study was to assess Hg cycling in a Coastal Plain system using concentrations and fluxes estimated by multiple watershed-scale models with distinct mathematical frameworks reflecting different system dynamics. We simulated total mercury (HgT, the sum of filtered and particulate forms) concentrations and fluxes from a Coastal Plain watershed (McTier Creek) using three watershed Hg models and an empirical load model. Model output was compared with observed in-stream HgT. We found that shallow subsurface flow is a potentially important transport mechanism of particulate HgT during periods when connectivity between the uplands and surface waters is maximized. Other processes (e.g., stream bank erosion, sediment re-suspension) may increase particulate HgT in the water column. Simulations and data suggest that variable source area (VSA) flow and lack of rainfall interactions with surface soil horizons result in increased dissolved HgT concentrations unrelated to DOC mobilization following precipitation events. Although flushing of DOC-HgT complexes from surface soils can also occur during this period, DOC-complexed HgT becomes more important during base flow conditions. TOPLOAD simulations highlight saturated subsurface flow as a primary driver of daily HgT loadings, but shallow subsurface flow is important for HgT loads during high-flow events. Results suggest limited seasonal trends in HgT dynamics.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JG001806","usgsCitation":"Golden, H., Knightes, C., Conrads, P., Davis, G.M., Feaster, T., Journey, C., Benedict, S., Brigham, M.E., and Bradley, P., 2012, Characterizing mercury concentrations and fluxes in a Coastal Plain watershed: Insights from dynamic modeling and data: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 117, no. G1, G01006, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001806.","productDescription":"G01006, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Mctier Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.54052734375,\n 33.22949814144951\n ],\n [\n -79.69482421875,\n 33.22949814144951\n ],\n [\n -79.69482421875,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -81.54052734375,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -81.54052734375,\n 33.22949814144951\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"G1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f500e4b0c8380cd4c027","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golden, H.E.","contributorId":96100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knightes, C.D.","contributorId":46315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knightes","given":"C.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrads, P.A.","contributorId":57493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, G. M.","contributorId":7510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feaster, T.D.","contributorId":49191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Journey, C.A. 0000-0002-2284-5851","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":106158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Benedict, S.T.","contributorId":97155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brigham, M. E.","contributorId":87535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70154848,"text":"70154848 - 2012 - Heterogeneous detection probabilities for imperiled Missouri River fishes: implications for large-river monitoring programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-10T10:51:30","indexId":"70154848","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-22T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heterogeneous detection probabilities for imperiled Missouri River fishes: implications for large-river monitoring programs","docAbstract":"

Occupancy modeling was used to determine (1) if detection probabilities (p) for 7 regionally imperiled Missouri River fishes (Scaphirhynchus albus, Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, Cycleptus elongatus, Sander canadensis, Macrhybopsis aestivalis, Macrhybopsis gelida, and Macrhybopsis meeki) differed among gear types (i.e. stationary gill nets, drifted trammel nets, and otter trawls), and (2) how detection probabilities were affected by habitat (i.e. pool, bar, and open water), longitudinal position (five 189 to 367 rkm long segments), sampling year (2003 to 2006), and season (July 1 to October 30 and October 31 to June 30). Adult, large-bodied fishes were best detected with gill nets (p: 0.02–0.74), but most juvenile large-bodied and all small-bodied species were best detected with otter trawls (p: 0.02–0.58). Trammel nets may be a redundant sampling gear for imperiled fishes in the lower Missouri River because most species had greater detection probabilities with gill nets or otter trawls. Detection probabilities varied with river segment for S. platorynchus, C. elongatus, and all small-bodied fishes, suggesting that changes in habitat influenced gear efficiency or abundance changes among river segments. Detection probabilities varied by habitat for adult S. albus and S. canadensis, year for juvenile S. albus, C. elongatus, and S. canadensis, and season for adult S. albus. Concentrating sampling effort on gears with the greatest detection probabilities may increase species detections to better monitor a population's response to environmental change and the effects of management actions on large-river fishes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf, Germany","doi":"10.3354/esr00399","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, J., Paukert, C.P., Doyle, W., Hill, T.D., Steffensen, K., and Travnichek, V.H., 2012, Heterogeneous detection probabilities for imperiled Missouri River fishes: implications for large-river monitoring programs: Endangered Species Research, v. 16, p. 211-224, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00399.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029977","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00399","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a0ecb2e4b0183d66e43040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, J.T.","contributorId":140678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schloesser","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doyle, W.J.","contributorId":140679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doyle","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, Tracy D.","contributorId":145552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steffensen, K.D.","contributorId":140680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steffensen","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Travnichek, Vincent H.","contributorId":111523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travnichek","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037861,"text":"ds678 - 2012 - Data collection and compilation for a geodatabase of groundwater, surface-water, water-quality, geophysical, and geologic data, Pecos County Region, Texas, 1930-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T09:13:19","indexId":"ds678","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-21T09:26:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"678","title":"Data collection and compilation for a geodatabase of groundwater, surface-water, water-quality, geophysical, and geologic data, Pecos County Region, Texas, 1930-2011","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District, Pecos County, City of Fort Stockton, Brewster County, and Pecos County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1, compiled groundwater, surface-water, water-quality, geophysical, and geologic data for site locations in the Pecos County region, Texas, and developed a geodatabase to facilitate use of this information. Data were compiled for an approximately 4,700 square mile area of the Pecos County region, Texas. The geodatabase contains data from 8,242 sampling locations; it was designed to organize and store field-collected geochemical and geophysical data, as well as digital database resources from the U.S. Geological Survey, Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District, Texas Water Development Board, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality,and numerous other State and local databases. The geodatabase combines these disparate database resources into a simple data model. Site locations are geospatially enabled and stored in a geodatabase feature class for cartographic visualization and spatial analysis within a Geographic Information System. The sampling locations are related to hydrogeologic information through the use of geodatabase relationship classes. The geodatabase relationship classes provide the ability to perform complex spatial and data-driven queries to explore data stored in the geodatabase.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds678","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District, Pecos County, City of Fort Stockton, Brewster County, and Pecos County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1","usgsCitation":"Pearson, D., Bumgarner, J.R., Houston, N.A., Stanton, G.P., Teeple, A., and Thomas, J.V., 2012, Data collection and compilation for a geodatabase of groundwater, surface-water, water-quality, geophysical, and geologic data, Pecos County Region, Texas, 1930-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 678, v, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds678.","productDescription":"v, 67 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1930-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_678.gif"},{"id":246787,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/678/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Pecos","otherGeospatial":"Pecos County Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,29.583333333333332 ], [ -104,31.666666666666668 ], [ -101.58333333333333,31.666666666666668 ], [ -101.58333333333333,29.583333333333332 ], [ -104,29.583333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd6ee4b0c8380cd4e81c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearson, Daniel K.","contributorId":52014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Daniel K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bumgarner, Johnathan R. jbumgarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"Johnathan","email":"jbumgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":462902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanton, Gregory P. 0000-0001-8622-0933 gstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-0933","contributorId":1583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Gregory","email":"gstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":462899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Teeple, Andrew 0000-0003-1781-8354 apteeple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-8354","contributorId":1399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeple","given":"Andrew ","email":"apteeple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thomas, Jonathan V. 0000-0003-0903-9713 jvthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9713","contributorId":2194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70045033,"text":"70045033 - 2012 - The role of fire-return interval and season of burn in snag dynamics in a south Florida slash pine forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T14:35:58","indexId":"70045033","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of fire-return interval and season of burn in snag dynamics in a south Florida slash pine forest","docAbstract":"Standing dead trees, or snags, are an important habitat element for many animal species. In many ecosystems, fire is a primary driver of snag population dynamics because it can both create and consume snags. The objective of this study was to examine how variation in two key components of the fire regime—fire-return interval and season of burn—affected population dynamics of snags. Using a factorial design, we exposed 1 ha plots, located within larger burn units in a south Florida slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. densa Little and Dorman) forest, to prescribed fire applied at two intervals (approximately 3-year intervals vs. approximately 6-year intervals) and during two seasons (wet season vs. dry season) over a 12- to 13-year period. We found no consistent effect of fire season or frequency on the density of lightly to moderately decayed or heavily decayed snags, suggesting that variation in these elements of the fire regime at the scale we considered is relatively unimportant in the dynamics of snag populations. However, our confidence in these findings is limited by small sample sizes, potentially confounding effects of unmeasured variation in fire behavior and effects (e.g., intensity, severity, synergy with drought cycles) and wide variation in responses within a treatment level. The generalizing of our findings is also limited by the narrow range of treatment levels considered. Future experiments incorporating a wider range of fire regimes and directly quantifying fire intensity would prove useful in identifying more clearly the role of fire in shaping the dynamics of snag populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Association Fire Ecology","doi":"10.4996/fireecology.0803018","usgsCitation":"Lloyd, J.D., Slater, G., and Snyder, J.R., 2012, The role of fire-return interval and season of burn in snag dynamics in a south Florida slash pine forest: Fire Ecology, v. 8, no. 3, p. 18-31, https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0803018.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-023305","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0803018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271482,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271481,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0803018"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.34,26.18 ], [ -81.34,26.21 ], [ -81.26,26.21 ], [ -81.26,26.18 ], [ -81.34,26.18 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a506ee4b072c16ef14b65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lloyd, John D.","contributorId":56535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, Gary L.","contributorId":14714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, James R. jim_snyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"James","email":"jim_snyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037786,"text":"70037786 - 2012 - Bird-habitat relationships in interior Columbia Basin shrubsteppe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-05T18:38:36.585937","indexId":"70037786","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird-habitat relationships in interior Columbia Basin shrubsteppe","docAbstract":"Vegetation structure is considered an important habitat feature structuring avian communities. In the sagebrush biome, both remotely-sensed and field-acquired measures of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) cover have proven valuable in understanding avian abundance. Differences in structure between the exotic annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and native bunchgrasses are also expected to be important. We used avian abundance data from 318 point count stations, coupled with field vegetation measurements and a detailed vegetation map, to model abundance for four shrub- and four grassland-associated avian species in southeastern Washington shrubsteppe. Specifically, we ask whether species distinguish between bunchgrass and cheatgrass, and whether mapped, categorical cover types adequately explain species' abundance or whether fine-grained, field-measured differences in vegetation cover are also important. Results indicate that mapped cover types alone can be useful for predicting patterns of distribution and abundance within the sagebrush biome for several avian species (five of eight studied here). However, field-measured sagebrush cover was a strong positive predictor for Sage Sparrow (Amphispiza belli), the only sagebrush obligate in this study, and a strong negative predictor for two grassland associates, Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris) and Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum). Likewise, shrub associates did not differ in abundance in sagebrush with a cheatgrass vs. bunchgrass understory, but grassland associates were more common in either bunchgrass (Horned Lark and Grasshopper Sparrow) or cheatgrass grasslands (Long-billed Curlew, Numenius americanus), or tended to use sagebrush-cheatgrass less than sagebrush-bunchgrass (Horned Lark, Grasshopper Sparrow, and Savannah Sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis).","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","doi":"10.1525/cond.2012.100176","usgsCitation":"Earnst, S., and Holmes, A., 2012, Bird-habitat relationships in interior Columbia Basin shrubsteppe: The Condor, v. 114, no. 1, p. 15-29, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.100176.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.100176","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381888,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1b7e4b0c8380cd4adc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earnst, S.L.","contributorId":27018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, A.L.","contributorId":104695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037765,"text":"70037765 - 2012 - Life histories, salinity zones, and sublethal contributions of contaminants to pelagic fish declines illustrated with a case study of San Francisco Estuary, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T20:25:56.19123","indexId":"70037765","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life histories, salinity zones, and sublethal contributions of contaminants to pelagic fish declines illustrated with a case study of San Francisco Estuary, California, USA","docAbstract":"

Human effects on estuaries are often associated with major decreases in abundance of aquatic species. However, remediation priorities are difficult to identify when declines result from multiple stressors with interacting sublethal effects. The San Francisco Estuary offers a useful case study of the potential role of contaminants in declines of organisms because the waters of its delta chronically violate legal water quality standards; however, direct effects of contaminants on fish species are rarely observed. Lack of direct lethality in the field has prevented consensus that contaminants may be one of the major drivers of coincident but unexplained declines of fishes with differing life histories and habitats (anadromous, brackish, and freshwater). Our review of available evidence indicates that examining the effects of contaminants and other stressors on specific life stages in different seasons and salinity zones of the estuary is critical to identifying how several interacting stressors could contribute to a general syndrome of declines. Moreover, warming water temperatures of the magnitude projected by climate models increase metabolic rates of ectotherms, and can hasten elimination of some contaminants. However, for other pollutants, concurrent increases in respiratory rate or food intake result in higher doses per unit time without changes in the contaminant concentrations in the water. Food limitation and energetic costs of osmoregulating under altered salinities further limit the amount of energy available to fish; this energy must be redirected from growth and reproduction toward pollutant avoidance, enzymatic detoxification, or elimination. Because all of these processes require energy, bioenergetics methods are promising for evaluating effects of sublethal contaminants in the presence of other stressors, and for informing remediation. Predictive models that evaluate the direct and indirect effects of contaminants will be possible when data become available on energetic costs of exposure to contaminants given simultaneous exposure to non-contaminant stressors.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-011-9459-6","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.L., Fleishman, E., Brown, L.R., Lehman, P.W., Werner, I., Scholz, N., Michelmore, C., Loworn, J.R., Johnson, M.L., and Schlenk, D., 2012, Life histories, salinity zones, and sublethal contributions of contaminants to pelagic fish declines illustrated with a case study of San Francisco Estuary, California, USA: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 35, no. 2, p. 603-621, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9459-6.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"621","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/130173","text":"External Repository"},{"id":381743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.01940917968751,\n 37.26968150969715\n ],\n [\n -121.3275146484375,\n 37.26968150969715\n ],\n [\n -121.3275146484375,\n 38.32011084501538\n ],\n [\n -123.01940917968751,\n 38.32011084501538\n ],\n [\n -123.01940917968751,\n 37.26968150969715\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4756e4b0c8380cd67823","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Marjorie L.","contributorId":30108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Marjorie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleishman, Erica","contributorId":11863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleishman","given":"Erica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lehman, Peggy W.","contributorId":96168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lehman","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7101,"text":"California Department of Water Resources, Geodetic Branch","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":462651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Werner, Inge","contributorId":38030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Inge","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scholz, Nathaniel","contributorId":22639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholz","given":"Nathaniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Michelmore, Carys","contributorId":91756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michelmore","given":"Carys","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Loworn, James R.","contributorId":57329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loworn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, Michael L.","contributorId":97781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schlenk, Daniel","contributorId":99845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlenk","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70037846,"text":"ds676 - 2012 - Surface Mass Balance of the Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 1978 and 2010 Balance Years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:00:47","indexId":"ds676","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"676","title":"Surface Mass Balance of the Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 1978 and 2010 Balance Years","docAbstract":"Although Columbia Glacier is one of the largest sources of glacier mass loss in Alaska, surface mass balance measurements are sparse, with only a single data set available from 1978. The dearth of surface mass-balance data prohibits partitioning of the total mass losses between dynamics and surface forcing; however, the accurate inclusion of calving glaciers into predictive models requires both dynamic and climatic forcing of total mass balance. During 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey collected surface balance data at several locations distributed over the surface of Columbia Glacier to estimate the glacier-wide annual balance for balance year 2010 using the 2007 area-altitude distribution. This report also summarizes data collected in 1978, calculates the 1978 annual surface balance, and uses these observations to constrain the 2010 values, particularly the shape of the balance profile. Both years exhibit balances indicative of near-equilibrium surface mass-balance conditions, and demonstrate the importance of dynamic processes during the rapid retreat.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds676","usgsCitation":"O’Neel, S., 2012, Surface Mass Balance of the Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 1978 and 2010 Balance Years: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 676, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds676.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_676.jpg"},{"id":246765,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/676/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chugach Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -147.33333333333334,60.916666666666664 ], [ -147.33333333333334,61.5 ], [ -146.5,61.5 ], [ -146.5,60.916666666666664 ], [ -147.33333333333334,60.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f87e4b08c986b31e651","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70037817,"text":"70037817 - 2012 - Sea-level history during the Last Interglacial complex on San Nicolas Island, California: implications for glacial isostatic adjustment processes, paleozoogeography and tectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"70037817","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-level history during the Last Interglacial complex on San Nicolas Island, California: implications for glacial isostatic adjustment processes, paleozoogeography and tectonics","docAbstract":"San Nicolas Island, California has one of the best records of fossiliferous Quaternary marine terraces in North America, with at least fourteen terraces rising to an elevation of ~270 m above present-day sea level. In our studies of the lowest terraces, we identified platforms at 38-36 m (terrace 2a), 33-28 m (terrace 2b), and 13-8 m (terrace 1). Uranium-series dating of solitary corals from these terraces yields three clusters of ages: ~120 ka on terrace 2a (marine isotope stage [MIS] 5.5), ~120 and ~100 ka on terrace 2b (MIS 5.5 and 5.3), and ~80 ka (MIS 5.1) on terrace 1. We conclude that corals on terrace 2b that date to ~120 ka were reworked from a formerly broader terrace 2a during the ~100 ka sea stand. Fossil faunas differ on the three terraces. Isolated fragments of terrace 2a have a fauna similar to that of modern waters surrounding San Nicolas Island. A mix of extralimital southern and extralimital northern species is found on terrace 2b, and extralimital northern species are on terrace 1. On terrace 2b, with its mixed faunas, extralimital southern species, indicating warmer than present waters, are interpreted to be from the ~120 ka high sea stand, reworked from terrace 2a. The extralimital northern species on terrace 2b, indicating cooler than present waters, are interpreted to be from the ~100 ka sea stand. The abundant extralimital northern species on terrace 1 indicate cooler than present waters at ~80 ka. Using the highest elevations of the ~120 ka platform of terrace 2a, and assuming a paleo-sea level of +6 m based on previous studies, San Nicolas Island has experienced late Quaternary uplift rates of ~0.25-0.27 m/ka. These uplift rates, along with shoreline angle elevations and ages of terrace 2b (~100 ka) and terrace 1 (~80 ka) yield relative (local) paleo-sea level elevations of +2 to +6 m for the ~100 ka sea stand and -11 to -12 m for the ~80 ka sea stand. These estimates are significantly higher than those reported for the ~100 ka and ~80 ka sea stands on New Guinea and Barbados. Numerical models of the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) process presented here demonstrate that these differences in the high stands are expected, given the variable geographic distances between the sites and the former Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets. Moreover, the numerical results show that the absolute and differential elevations of the observed high stands provide a potentially important constraint on ice volumes during this time interval and on Earth structure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.01.010","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., Simmons, K., Schumann, R.R., Groves, L., Mitrovica, J.X., and Laurel, D., 2012, Sea-level history during the Last Interglacial complex on San Nicolas Island, California: implications for glacial isostatic adjustment processes, paleozoogeography and tectonics: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 37, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.01.010.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":246775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.01.010","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Nicolas Island","volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8815e4b08c986b3167cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, Kathleen R. ksimmons@usgs.gov","contributorId":4742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Kathleen R.","email":"ksimmons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schumann, R. Randall 0000-0001-8158-6960 rschumann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-6960","contributorId":1569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"R.","email":"rschumann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Groves, Lindsey T.","contributorId":61678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"Lindsey T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mitrovica, Jerry X.","contributorId":86200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitrovica","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Laurel, Deanna","contributorId":81350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laurel","given":"Deanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037842,"text":"fs20113129 - 2012 - Watershed scale response to climate change--Black Earth Creek Basin, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"fs20113129","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-19T15:05:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3129","title":"Watershed scale response to climate change--Black Earth Creek Basin, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"

General Circulation Model simulations of future climate through 2099 project a wide range of possible scenarios. To determine the sensitivity and potential effect of long-term climate change on the freshwater resources of the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change study, \"An integrated watershed scale response to global change in selected basins across the United States\" was started in 2008. The long-term goal of this national study is to provide the foundation for hydrologically based climate change studies across the nation.

\n

Fourteen basins for which the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System has been calibrated and evaluated were selected as study sites. Precipitation Runoff Modeling System is a deterministic, distributed parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land use on streamflow and general basin hydrology. Output from five General Circulation Model simulations and four emission scenarios were used to develop an ensemble of climate-change scenarios for each basin. These ensembles were simulated with the corresponding Precipitation Runoff Modeling System model. This fact sheet summarizes the hydrologic effect and sensitivity of the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System simulations to climate change for the Black Earth Creek Basin, Wisconsin.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113129","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Walker, J.F., Westenbroek, S.M., Hay, L.E., and Markstrom, S., 2012, Watershed scale response to climate change--Black Earth Creek Basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3129, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113129.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3129.gif"},{"id":246746,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Black Earth Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.73333333333333,43.06666666666667 ], [ -89.73333333333333,43.18333333333333 ], [ -89.55,43.18333333333333 ], [ -89.55,43.06666666666667 ], [ -89.73333333333333,43.06666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf7ae4b08c986b32e908","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westenbroek, Steven M.","contributorId":44016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037841,"text":"fs20113128 - 2012 - Watershed scale response to climate change--Cathance Stream Basin, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"fs20113128","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-19T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3128","title":"Watershed scale response to climate change--Cathance Stream Basin, Maine","docAbstract":"

General Circulation Model simulations of future climate through 2099 project a wide range of possible scenarios. To determine the sensitivity and potential effect of long-term climate change on the freshwater resources of the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change study, \"An integrated watershed scale response to global change in selected basins across the United States\" was started in 2008. The long-term goal of this national study is to provide the foundation for hydrologically based climate change studies across the nation.

\n

Fourteen basins for which the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System has been calibrated and evaluated were selected as study sites. Precipitation Runoff Modeling System is a deterministic, distributed parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land use on streamflow and general basin hydrology. Output from five General Circulation Model simulations and four emission scenarios were used to develop an ensemble of climate-change scenarios for each basin. These ensembles were simulated with the corresponding Precipitation Runoff Modeling System model. This fact sheet summarizes the hydrologic effect and sensitivity of the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System simulations to climate change for the Cathance Stream Basin, Maine.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113128","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R.W., Hay, L.E., Markstrom, S., and Hodgkins, G.A., 2012, Watershed scale response to climate change--Cathance Stream Basin, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3128, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113128.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3128.gif"},{"id":246745,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Cathance Stream Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -67.48333333333333,44.85 ], [ -67.48333333333333,45.016666666666666 ], [ -67.26666666666667,45.016666666666666 ], [ -67.26666666666667,44.85 ], [ -67.48333333333333,44.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf7be4b08c986b32e90e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037840,"text":"fs20113127 - 2012 - Watershed scale response to climate change--Clear Creek Basin, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"fs20113127","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-19T14:41:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3127","title":"Watershed scale response to climate change--Clear Creek Basin, Iowa","docAbstract":"

General Circulation Model simulations of future climate through 2099 project a wide range of possible scenarios. To determine the sensitivity and potential effect of long-term climate change on the freshwater resources of the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change study, \"An integrated watershed scale response to global change in selected basins across the United States\" was started in 2008. The long-term goal of this national study is to provide the foundation for hydrologically based climate change studies across the nation.

\n

Fourteen basins for which the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System has been calibrated and evaluated were selected as study sites. Precipitation Runoff Modeling System is a deterministic, distributed parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land use on streamflow and general basin hydrology. Output from five General Circulation Model simulations and four emission scenarios were used to develop an ensemble of climate-change scenarios for each basin. These ensembles were simulated with the corresponding Precipitation Runoff Modeling System model. This fact sheet summarizes the hydrologic effect and sensitivity of the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System simulations to climate change for the Clear Creek Basin, near Coralville, Iowa.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113127","usgsCitation":"Christiansen, D.E., Hay, L.E., and Markstrom, S., 2012, Watershed scale response to climate change--Clear Creek Basin, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3127, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113127.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3127.gif"},{"id":246744,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3127/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Coralville","otherGeospatial":"Clear Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.01666666666667,41.666666666666664 ], [ -92.01666666666667,41.766666666666666 ], [ -91.58333333333333,41.766666666666666 ], [ -91.58333333333333,41.666666666666664 ], [ -92.01666666666667,41.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf7ce4b08c986b32e914","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christiansen, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6108-2247 dechrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6108-2247","contributorId":366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Daniel","email":"dechrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037839,"text":"fs20113126 - 2012 - Watershed scale response to climate change--East River Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T14:59:19","indexId":"fs20113126","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-19T14:21:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3126","title":"Watershed scale response to climate change--East River Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"

General Circulation Model simulations of future climate through 2099 project a wide range of possible scenarios. To determine the sensitivity and potential effect of long-term climate change on the freshwater resources of the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change study, \"An integrated watershed scale response to global change in selected basins across the United States\" was started in 2008. The long-term goal of this national study is to provide the foundation for hydrologically based climate change studies across the nation.

\n

Fourteen basins for which the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System has been calibrated and evaluated were selected as study sites. Precipitation Runoff Modeling System is a deterministic, distributed parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land use on streamflow and general basin hydrology. Output from five General Circulation Model simulations and four emission scenarios were used to develop an ensemble of climate-change scenarios for each basin. These ensembles were simulated with the corresponding Precipitation Runoff Modeling System model. This fact sheet summarizes the hydrologic effect and sensitivity of the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System simulations to climate change for the East River Basin, Colorado.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113126","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Hay, L.E., and Markstrom, S., 2012, Watershed scale response to climate change--East River Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3126, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113126.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3126.gif"},{"id":246743,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"East River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.13333333333334,38.65 ], [ -108.13333333333334,39.03333333333333 ], [ -107.75,39.03333333333333 ], [ -107.75,38.65 ], [ -108.13333333333334,38.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf7de4b08c986b32e91a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037835,"text":"fs20113125 - 2012 - Watershed scale response to climate change--Feather River Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"fs20113125","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-19T13:56:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3125","title":"Watershed scale response to climate change--Feather River Basin, California","docAbstract":"

General Circulation Model simulations of future climate through 2099 project a wide range of possible scenarios. To determine the sensitivity and potential effect of long-term climate change on the freshwater resources of the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change study, \"An integrated watershed scale response to global change in selected basins across the United States\" was started in 2008. The long-term goal of this national study is to provide the foundation for hydrologically based climate change studies across the nation.

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Fourteen basins for which the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System has been calibrated and evaluated were selected as study sites. Precipitation Runoff Modeling System is a deterministic, distributed parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land use on streamflow and general basin hydrology. Output from five General Circulation Model simulations and four emission scenarios were used to develop an ensemble of climate-change scenarios for each basin. These ensembles were simulated with the corresponding Precipitation Runoff Modeling System model. This fact sheet summarizes the hydrologic effect and sensitivity of the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System simulations to climate change for the Feather River Basin, California.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113125","usgsCitation":"Koczot, K.M., Markstrom, S., and Hay, L.E., 2012, Watershed scale response to climate change--Feather River Basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3125, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113125.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3125.gif"},{"id":246742,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3125/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Feather River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,39.5 ], [ -121.5,40.5 ], [ -120,40.5 ], [ -120,39.5 ], [ -121.5,39.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf7ee4b08c986b32e91d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koczot, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-5728-9798 kmkoczot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-9798","contributorId":2039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koczot","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmkoczot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}