{"pageNumber":"711","pageRowStart":"17750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46670,"records":[{"id":98889,"text":"ofr20101211 - 2010 - Estimating Monthly Water Withdrawals, Return Flow, and Consumptive Use in the Great Lakes Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"ofr20101211","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1211","title":"Estimating Monthly Water Withdrawals, Return Flow, and Consumptive Use in the Great Lakes Basin","docAbstract":"Water-resource managers and planners require water-withdrawal, return-flow, and consumptive-use data to understand how anthropogenic (human) water use affects the hydrologic system. Water models like MODFLOW and GSFLOW use calculations and input values (including water-withdrawal and return flow data) to simulate and predict the effects of water use on aquifer and stream conditions. Accurate assessments of consumptive use, interbasin transfer, and areas that are on public supply or sewer are essential in estimating the withdrawal and return-flow data needed for the models. As the applicability of a model to real situations depends on accurate input data, limited or poor water-use data hampers the ability of modelers to simulate and predict hydrologic conditions. Substantial differences exist among the many agencies nationwide that are responsible for compiling water-use data including what data are collected, how the data are organized, how often the data are collected, quality assurance, required level of accuracy, and when data are released to the public. This poster presents water-use information and estimation methods summarized from recent U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reports with the intent to assist water-resource managers and planners who need estimates of monthly water withdrawals, return flows, and consumptive use. This poster lists references used in Shaffer (2009) for water withdrawals, consumptive use, and return flows. Monthly percent of annual withdrawals and monthly consumptive-use coefficients are used to compute monthly water withdrawals, consumptive use, and return flow for the Great Lakes Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101211","collaboration":"Prepared by the USGS Ohio Water Science Center","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, K., and Stenback, R.S., 2010, Estimating Monthly Water Withdrawals, Return Flow, and Consumptive Use in the Great Lakes Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1211, Poster: 42 inches x 87 inches; Components of Water Use Figure poster: 17 inches x 11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101211.","productDescription":"Poster: 42 inches x 87 inches; Components of Water Use Figure poster: 17 inches x 11 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1211.gif"},{"id":14307,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1211/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc9c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, Kimberly H.","contributorId":98275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Kimberly H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stenback, Rosemary S. rsstenba@usgs.gov","contributorId":215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenback","given":"Rosemary","email":"rsstenba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98891,"text":"cir1363 - 2010 - Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center--providing comprehensive earth science for complex societal issues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:45","indexId":"cir1363","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1363","title":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center--providing comprehensive earth science for complex societal issues","docAbstract":"Minerals in the environment and products manufactured from mineral materials are all around us and we use and come into contact with them every day. They impact our way of life and the health of all that lives. Minerals are critical to the Nation's economy and knowing where future mineral resources will come from is important for sustaining the Nation's economy and national security.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Resources Program (MRP) provides scientific information for objective resource assessments and unbiased research results on mineral resource potential, production and consumption statistics, as well as environmental consequences of mining. The MRP conducts this research to provide information needed for land planners and decisionmakers about where mineral commodities are known and suspected in the earth's crust and about the environmental consequences of extracting those commodities. As part of the MRP scientists of the Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center (WMERSC or 'Center' herein) coordinate the development of national, geologic, geochemical, geophysical, and mineral-resource databases and the migration of existing databases to standard models and formats that are available to both internal and external users. The unique expertise developed by Center scientists over many decades in response to mineral-resource-related issues is now in great demand to support applications such as public health research and remediation of environmental hazards that result from mining and mining-related activities.\r\nWestern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center\r\n\r\nResults of WMERSC research provide timely and unbiased analyses of minerals and inorganic materials to (1) improve stewardship of public lands and resources; (2) support national and international economic and security policies; (3) sustain prosperity and improve our quality of life; and (4) protect and improve public health, safety, and environmental quality. The MRP supports approximately 40 USGS research specialists who utilize cooperative agreements with universities, industry, and other governmental agencies to support their collaborative research and information exchange.\r\n\r\nScientists of the WMERSC study how and where non-fuel mineral resources form and are concentrated in the earth's crust, where mineral resources might be found in the future, and how mineral materials interact with the environment to affect human and ecosystem health.\r\n\r\nNatural systems (ecosystems) are complex - our understanding of how ecosystems operate requires collecting and synthesizing large amounts of geologic, geochemical, biologic, hydrologic, and meteorological information. Scientists in the Center strive to understand the interplay of various processes and how they affect the structure, composition, and health of ecosystems. Such understanding, which is then summarized in publicly available reports, is used to address and solve a wide variety of issues that are important to society and the economy.\r\n\r\nWMERSC scientists have extensive national and international experience in these scientific specialties and capabilities - they have collaborated with many Federal, State, and local agencies; with various private sector organizations; as well as with foreign countries and organizations. Nearly every scientific and societal challenge requires a different combination of scientific skills and capabilities. With their breadth of scientific specialties and capabilities, the scientists of the WMERSC can provide scientifically sound approaches to a wide range of societal challenges and issues. The following sections describe examples of important issues that have been addressed by scientists in the Center, the methods employed, and the relevant conclusions. New directions are inevitable as societal needs change over time.\r\n\r\nScientists of the WMERSC have a diverse set of skills and capabilities and are proficient in the collection and integration of","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1363","usgsCitation":"Frank, D.G., Wallace, A.R., and Schneider, J.L., 2010, Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center--providing comprehensive earth science for complex societal issues: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1363, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1363.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1363.jpg"},{"id":14309,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1363/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c43f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, David G. dfrank@usgs.gov","contributorId":3274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"David","email":"dfrank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, Alan R.","contributorId":6024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Jill L. jschnidr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Jill","email":"jschnidr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98892,"text":"fs20103109 - 2010 - Historical files from Federal government mineral exploration-assistance programs, 1950 to 1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:46","indexId":"fs20103109","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3109","title":"Historical files from Federal government mineral exploration-assistance programs, 1950 to 1974","docAbstract":"Congress enacted the Defense Production Act in 1950 to provide funding and support for the exploration and development of critical mineral resources. From 1950 to 1974, three Department of the Interior agencies carried out this mission. Contracts with mine owners provided financial assistance for mineral exploration on a joint-participation basis. These contracts are documented in more than 5,000 'dockets' now archived online by the U.S. Geological Survey. This archive provides access to unique and difficult to recreate information, such as drill logs, assay results, and underground geologic maps, that is invaluable to land and resource management organizations and the minerals industry.\r\n\r\nAn effort to preserve the data began in 2009, and the entire collection of dockets was electronically scanned. The scanning process used optical character recognition (OCR) when possible, and files were converted into Portable Document Format (.pdf) files, which require Adobe Reader or similar software for viewing. In 2010, the scans were placed online (http://minerals.usgs.gov/dockets/) and are available to download free of charge. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103109","usgsCitation":"Frank, D.G., 2010, Historical files from Federal government mineral exploration-assistance programs, 1950 to 1974: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3109, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103109.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1950-01-01","temporalEnd":"1974-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3109.jpg"},{"id":14310,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688593","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, David G. dfrank@usgs.gov","contributorId":3274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"David","email":"dfrank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98890,"text":"ofr20101239 - 2010 - Identification of tsunami deposits in the geologic record; developing criteria using recent tsunami deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:46","indexId":"ofr20101239","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1239","title":"Identification of tsunami deposits in the geologic record; developing criteria using recent tsunami deposits","docAbstract":"There is a need for a clear procedure to identify tsunami deposits in the geologic record. Data from published studies documenting recent tsunami deposits provide a means of developing identification criteria based on the sedimentary characteristics of unequivocal tsunami deposits. Recent tsunami deposits have many sedimentary characteristics in common. All had sharp or erosional basal contacts. Sand was typically deposited in sheets that blanketed pre-existing topography and generally thinned landward. Deposit thickness was dependent on local topography; deposits were thicker in swales or local depressions and thinner on ridges or topographic highs. Deposits typically had 1-4 layers. Normal grading was common and often confined to individual layers. In muddy environments, sediments contained mud and soil rip-up clasts and mud often capped the deposits or layers. Boulders were often present, either isolated or scattered in groups. Sedimentary structures were rare, and included cross-bedding, laminations, scour and fill structures, and truncated flame structures. The composition, grain size, and surface texture of the grains reflected the coastal and nearshore source for the sediments. These sedimentary characteristics are the basis for developing site-specific tsunami deposit identification criteria that can be used in paleotsunami deposits investigations. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101239","usgsCitation":"Peters, R., and Jaffe, B., 2010, Identification of tsunami deposits in the geologic record; developing criteria using recent tsunami deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1239, iv, 28 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101239.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1239.gif"},{"id":14308,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e89a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Robert","contributorId":32494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce","contributorId":9219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198324,"text":"70198324 - 2010 - The role of water in generating the calc-alkaline trend: New volatile data for aleutian magmas and a new tholeiitic index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T09:48:10","indexId":"70198324","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-18T10:50:54","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of water in generating the calc-alkaline trend: New volatile data for aleutian magmas and a new tholeiitic index","docAbstract":"<p><span>The origin of tholeiitic (TH) versus calc-alkaline (CA) magmatic trends has long been debated. Part of the problem stems from the lack of a quantitative measure for the way in which a magma evolves. Recognizing that the salient feature in many TH–CA discrimination diagrams is enrichment in Fe during magma evolution, we have developed a quantitative index of Fe enrichment, the Tholeiitic Index (THI): THI = Fe</span><sub>4</sub><sub>·0</sub><span>/Fe</span><sub>8</sub><sub>·0</sub><span>, where Fe</span><sub>4</sub><sub>·0</sub><span>&nbsp;is the average FeO* concentration of samples with 4 ± 1 wt % MgO, and Fe</span><sub>8</sub><sub>·0</sub><span>&nbsp;is the average FeO* at 8 ± 1 wt % MgO. Magmas with THI &gt; 1 have enriched in FeO* during differentiation from basalts to andesites and are tholeiitic; magmas with THI &lt; 1 are calc-alkaline. Most subduction zone volcanism is CA, but to varying extents; the THI expresses the continuum of Fe enrichment observed in magmatic suites in all tectonic settings. To test various controls on the development of CA trends, we present new magmatic water measurements in melt inclusions from eight volcanoes from the Aleutian volcanic arc (Augustine, Emmons, Shishaldin, Akutan, Unalaska, Okmok, Seguam, and Korovin). Least degassed H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O contents vary from ∼2 wt % (Shishaldin) to &gt;7 wt % (Augustine), spanning the global range in arc mafic magmas. Within the Aleutian data, H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O correlates negatively with THI, from strongly calc-alkaline (Augustine, THI = 0·65) to moderately tholeiitic (Shishaldin, THI = 1·16). The relationship between THI and magmatic water is maintained when data are included from additional arc volcanoes, back-arc basins, ocean islands, and mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs), supporting a dominant role of magmatic water in generating CA trends. An effective break between TH and CA trends occurs at ∼2 wt % H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O. Both pMELTs calculations and laboratory experiments demonstrate that the observed co-variation of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O and THI in arcs can be generated by the effect of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O on the suppression of plagioclase and the relative enhancement of Fe-oxides on the liquid line of descent. The full THI–H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O array requires an increase in fO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;with H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, from ≤FMQ (where FMQ is the fayalite–magnetite–quartz buffer) in MORB to ∼ΔFMQ +0·5 to +2 in arcs, consistent with inferences from measured Fe and S species in glasses and melt inclusions. A curve fit to the data, H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O (wt % ± 1·2) = exp[(1·26 – THI)/0·32], may provide a useful tool for estimating the H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O content of magmas that are inaccessible to melt inclusion study.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford ","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egq062","usgsCitation":"Zimmer, M.M., Plank, T., Hauri, E.H., Yogodzinski, G., Stelling, P.L., Larsen, J., Singer, B., Jicha, B.R., Mandeville, C., and Nye, C.J., 2010, The role of water in generating the calc-alkaline trend: New volatile data for aleutian magmas and a new tholeiitic index: Journal of Petrology, v. 51, no. 12, p. 2411-2444, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egq062.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"2411","endPage":"2444","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b6b7e4b0702d0e844c70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmer, Mindy M.","contributorId":206549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmer","given":"Mindy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plank, Terry","contributorId":16743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plank","given":"Terry","affiliations":[{"id":7135,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hauri, Erik H.","contributorId":199798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauri","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":35612,"text":"Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC 20015","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yogodzinski, Gene","contributorId":193631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yogodzinski","given":"Gene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stelling, Peter L.","contributorId":84414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelling","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larsen, Jessica","contributorId":62092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Singer, Brad","contributorId":121387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Brad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jicha, Brian R.","contributorId":44062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jicha","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mandeville, Charlie 0000-0002-8485-3689 cmandeville@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8485-3689","contributorId":753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandeville","given":"Charlie","email":"cmandeville@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nye, Christopher J.","contributorId":55418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":98887,"text":"ds540 - 2010 - Stream gage descriptions and streamflow statistics for sites in the Tigris River and Euphrates River Basins, Iraq","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-16T17:28:12","indexId":"ds540","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"540","title":"Stream gage descriptions and streamflow statistics for sites in the Tigris River and Euphrates River Basins, Iraq","docAbstract":"Statistical summaries of streamflow data for all long-term streamflow-gaging stations in the Tigris River and Euphrates River Basins in Iraq are presented in this report. The summaries for each streamflow-gaging station include (1) a station description, (2) a graph showing annual mean discharge for the period of record, (3) a table of extremes and statistics for monthly and annual mean discharge, (4) a graph showing monthly maximum, minimum, and mean discharge, (5) a table of monthly and annual mean discharges for the period of record, (6) a graph showing annual flow duration, (7) a table of monthly and annual flow duration, (8) a table of high-flow frequency data (maximum mean discharge for 3-, 7-, 15-, and 30-day periods for selected exceedance probabilities), and (9) a table of low-flow frequency data (minimum mean discharge for 3-, 7-, 15-, 30-, 60-, 90-, and 183-day periods for selected non-exceedance probabilities). ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds540","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Agency for International Development","usgsCitation":"Saleh, D.K., 2010, Stream gage descriptions and streamflow statistics for sites in the Tigris River and Euphrates River Basins, Iraq: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 540, iv, 145 p.; Download for Arabic translation, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds540.","productDescription":"iv, 145 p.; Download for Arabic translation","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_540.jpg"},{"id":14305,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/540/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 38,28 ], [ 38,39 ], [ 52,39 ], [ 52,28 ], [ 38,28 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5195","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saleh, Dina K. 0000-0002-1406-9303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":24737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saleh","given":"Dina","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16706,"text":"California State University, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":306836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98885,"text":"fs20103093 - 2010 - Understanding beach health throughout the Great Lakes-Entering a new era of investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"fs20103093","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3093","title":"Understanding beach health throughout the Great Lakes-Entering a new era of investigations","docAbstract":"For over a decade, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been a leader in the science of beach health. The overall mission of this work is to provide science-based information and methods that will allow beach managers to more accurately make beach closure and advisory decisions, understand the sources and physical processes affecting beach contaminants, and understand how science-based information can be used to mitigate and restore beaches and protect the public. The work consists of four science elements-real-time assessments; pathogens and microbial source tracking; coastal processes; and data analysis, interpretation, and communication - which are described in this fact sheet.\r\n\r\nSome of the key questions for USGS beach research are the following: Are there better ways to inform the public whether they can use a beach without risking their health? How do new rapid analytical methods compare to traditional methods for determining concentrations of fecal-indicator bacteria at beaches? Are pathogens present at beaches and, if so, how do they get to the beach, and what is their source? How do sand movement and wave action on the beach affect fecal-indicator-bacteria and pathogen concentrations in the lake water? What are the best indicators of pathogenic microorganisms? With so many potential sources of fecal contamination at a beach, what methods can be used to distinguish the contributions from humans? What characteristics of beaches contribute most to influencing bacterial indicator and pathogen concentrations in beach sands and groundwater?","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103093","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2010, Understanding beach health throughout the Great Lakes-Entering a new era of investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3093, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103093.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3093.jpg"},{"id":14303,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f5a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98880,"text":"sir20105208 - 2010 - Development of a channel classification to evaluate potential for cottonwood restoration, lower segments of the Middle Missouri River, South Dakota and Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T15:32:11","indexId":"sir20105208","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5208","title":"Development of a channel classification to evaluate potential for cottonwood restoration, lower segments of the Middle Missouri River, South Dakota and Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p>This report documents development of a spatially explicit river and flood-plain classification to evaluate potential for cottonwood restoration along the Sharpe and Fort Randall segments of the Middle Missouri River. This project involved evaluating existing topographic, water-surface elevation, and soils data to determine if they were sufficient to create a classification similar to the Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI) developed by Jacobson and others (U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5256) and developing a geomorphically based classification to apply to evaluating restoration potential.</p><p>Existing topographic, water-surface elevation, and soils data for the Middle Missouri River were not sufficient to replicate the LCPI. The 1/3-arc-second National Elevation Dataset delineated most of the topographic complexity and produced cumulative frequency distributions similar to a high-resolution 5-meter topographic dataset developed for the Lower Missouri River. However, lack of bathymetry in the National Elevation Dataset produces a potentially critical bias in evaluation of frequently flooded surfaces close to the river. High-resolution soils data alone were insufficient to replace the information content of the LCPI. In test reaches in the Lower Missouri River, soil drainage classes from the Soil Survey Geographic Database database correctly classified 0.8–98.9 percent of the flood-plain area at or below the 5-year return interval flood stage depending on state of channel incision; on average for river miles 423–811, soil drainage class correctly classified only 30.2 percent of the flood-plain area at or below the 5-year return interval flood stage. Lack of congruence between soil characteristics and present-day hydrology results from relatively rapid incision and aggradation of segments of the Missouri River resulting from impoundments and engineering. The most sparsely available data in the Middle Missouri River were water-surface elevations. Whereas hydraulically modeled water-surface elevations were available at 1.6-kilometer intervals in the Lower Missouri River, water-surface elevations in the Middle Missouri River had to be interpolated between streamflow-gaging stations spaced 3–116 kilometers. Lack of high-resolution water-surface elevation data precludes development of LCPI-like classification maps.</p><p>An hierarchical river classification framework is proposed to provide structure for a multiscale river classification. The segment-scale classification presented in this report is deductive and based on presumed effects of dams, significant tributaries, and geological (and engineered) channel constraints. An inductive reach-scale classification, nested within the segment scale, is based on multivariate statistical clustering of geomorphic data collected at 500-meter intervals along the river. Cluster-based classifications delineate reaches of the river with similar channel and flood-plain geomorphology, and presumably, similar geomorphic and hydrologic processes. The dominant variables in the clustering process were channel width (Fort Randall) and valley width (Sharpe), followed by braiding index (both segments).</p><p>Clusters with multithread and highly sinuous channels are likely to be associated with dynamic channel migration and deposition of fresh, bare sediment conducive to natural cottonwood germination. However, restoration potential within these reaches is likely to be mitigated by interaction of cottonwood life stages with the highly altered flow regime.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105208","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri River Recovery-Integrated Science Program U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Yankton, South Dakota","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Elliott, C.M., and Huhmann, B.L., 2010, Development of a channel classification to evaluate potential for cottonwood restoration, lower segments of the Middle Missouri River, South Dakota and Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5208, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105208.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5208.jpg"},{"id":330951,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5208/pdf/sir2010_5208.pdf","size":"7.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":14298,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5208/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.16666666666667,43.833333333333336 ], [ -100.16666666666667,44.5 ], [ -99.41666666666667,44.5 ], [ -99.41666666666667,43.833333333333336 ], [ -100.16666666666667,43.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6609cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Caroline M. 0000-0002-9190-7462 celliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-7462","contributorId":2380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Caroline","email":"celliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huhmann, Brittany L.","contributorId":31725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huhmann","given":"Brittany","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98884,"text":"sir20105131 - 2010 - Seasonal and spatial distribution patterns of finfish and selected invertebrates in coastal lagoons of northeastern Florida, 2002-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"sir20105131","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5131","title":"Seasonal and spatial distribution patterns of finfish and selected invertebrates in coastal lagoons of northeastern Florida, 2002-2004","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a survey of juvenile fisheries resources, in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District and Volusia County, to establish baseline data on spatial and temporal distribution patterns of estuarine fish. The survey was conducted from November 2001 to March 2005 and the baseline data established for the survey in the Northern Coastal Basins were collected from January 2002 to December 2004. The study area included the bar-built estuaries ranging from just north of St. Augustine, Florida, south to Ponce de Leon Inlet. Sampling protocols developed by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute for their statewide Fisheries Independent Monitoring (FIM) program were replicated to allow for comparability with FIM program results. Samples were collected monthly from randomly selected stations based on a geographically stratified design. Finfish and selected invertebrates were collected using a 21.3-meter center-bag seine with a 3-millimeter mesh, and a 6.1-meter otter trawl with a 3-millimeter mesh liner. Total estimated fish and selected invertebrate densities were similar to estimates from FIM projects in adjacent areas and were characterized by similar dominant species. Preliminary analysis indicates that observed species distribution patterns were mainly a function of proximity to the three inlets within the study area. The two regions encompassing the northern Tolomato River and the Tomoka River and Basin are farthest from inlets and appear to function as oligohaline nursery areas. Those two areas had the greatest estimated densities of shellfish and juvenile sciaenid (drum) species associated with oligohaline waters (for example, Micropogonias undulatus, Sciaenops ocellatus and Cynoscion nebulosus). Samples near inlets, and between the two northern inlets, had greater estimated densities of species limited to euhaline waters, including juvenile clupeids collected at relatively high abundance and species of marine strays collected in low abundance. Based on correspondence analysis, seasonal variation dominated the ordination of seine samples and spatial variation dominated the ordination of trawl samples; this was due to differences in the number and timing of taxa found near inlets versus oligohaline regions. The absence of seagrass habitat in the Northern Coastal Basins is reflected by the absence of a seagrass-fish assemblage. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105131","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with\r\nSt. Johns River Water Management District and\r\nVolusia County ","usgsCitation":"Turtora, M., and Schotman, E.M., 2010, Seasonal and spatial distribution patterns of finfish and selected invertebrates in coastal lagoons of northeastern Florida, 2002-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5131, vi, 34 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105131.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2001-11-01","temporalEnd":"2005-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5131.jpg"},{"id":14302,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,28.5 ], [ -82,30.5 ], [ -80.25,30.5 ], [ -80.25,28.5 ], [ -82,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc41d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turtora, Michael mturtora@usgs.gov","contributorId":4260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turtora","given":"Michael","email":"mturtora@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schotman, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":98693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schotman","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98883,"text":"ds526 - 2010 - Archive of Digital Chirp Sub-bottom profile data collected during USGS cruise 09CCT01 offshore of Sabine Pass and Galveston, Texas, March 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:45","indexId":"ds526","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"526","title":"Archive of Digital Chirp Sub-bottom profile data collected during USGS cruise 09CCT01 offshore of Sabine Pass and Galveston, Texas, March 2009","docAbstract":"This Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds526","collaboration":"Funding and (or) support for this study was provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program and Texas A&M University. We thank R/V Manta captain Charles Curry of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for his assistance in data collection. This document was improved by the reviews of Gregory Miller (USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center - Woods Hole, MA) and Julie Bernier (USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center - St. Petersburg, FL).","usgsCitation":"Forde, A.S., Dadisman, S.V., Flocks, J.G., Dellapenna, T.M., Sanford, J.M., and Wiese, D.S., 2010, Archive of Digital Chirp Sub-bottom profile data collected during USGS cruise 09CCT01 offshore of Sabine Pass and Galveston, Texas, March 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 526, HTML page of DVD for DS 526; 5 Disks , https://doi.org/10.3133/ds526.","productDescription":"HTML page of DVD for DS 526; 5 Disks ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-03-01","temporalEnd":"2009-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":575,"text":"St. Petersburg Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14301,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/526/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679d95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forde, Arnell S. 0000-0002-5581-2255 aforde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-2255","contributorId":376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forde","given":"Arnell","email":"aforde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dadisman, Shawn V. sdadisman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"Shawn","email":"sdadisman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dellapenna, Timothy M.","contributorId":103237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dellapenna","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sanford, Jordan M.","contributorId":17197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wiese, Dana S. dwiese@usgs.gov","contributorId":2476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","email":"dwiese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":98882,"text":"tm1D4 - 2010 - Guidelines for the use of the semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) and the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) in environmental monitoring studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-02T10:10:01","indexId":"tm1D4","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1-D4","title":"Guidelines for the use of the semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) and the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) in environmental monitoring studies","docAbstract":"The success of an environmental monitoring study using passive samplers, or any sampling method, begins in the office or laboratory. Regardless of the specific methods used, the general steps include the formulation of a sampling plan, training of personnel, performing the field (sampling) work, processing the collected samples to recover chemicals of interest, analysis of the enriched extracts, and interpretation of the data. Each of these areas will be discussed in the following sections with emphasis on specific considerations with the use of passive samplers.\r\n\r\nWater is an extremely heterogeneous matrix both spatially and temporally (Keith, 1991). The mixing and distribution of dissolved organic chemicals in a water body are controlled by the hydrodynamics of the water, the sorption partition coefficients of the chemicals, and the amount of organic matter (suspended sediments, colloids, and dissolved organic carbon) present. In lakes and oceans, stratification because of changes in temperature, water movement, and water composition can occur resulting in dramatic changes in chemical concentrations with depth (Keith, 1991). Additional complications related to episodic events, such as surface runoff, spills, and other point source contamination, can result in isolated or short-lived pulses of contaminants in the water.\r\n\r\nThe application of passive sampling technologies for the monitoring of legacy and emerging organic chemicals in the environment is becoming widely accepted worldwide. The primary use of passive sampling methods for environmental studies is in the area of surface-water monitoring; however, these techniques have been applied to air and groundwater monitoring studies. Although these samplers have no mechanical or moving parts, electrical or fuel needs which require regular monitoring, there are still considerations that need to be understood in order to have a successful study.\r\n\r\nTwo of the most commonly used passive samplers for organic contaminants are the semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) and the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS). The tips given in this document focus on these two samplers but are applicable to most types of passive sampling devices. The information in this guide is heavily weighted towards the sampling of water; however, information specific to the use of SPMDs for air sampling will also be covered.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section D: Water quality in Book 1: <i>Collection of water data by direct measurement</i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm1D4","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, D.A., 2010, Guidelines for the use of the semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) and the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) in environmental monitoring studies: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 1-D4, v, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm1D4.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"38","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_1_d4.jpg"},{"id":14300,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm1d4/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341727,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm1d4/pdf/tm1d4.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 4 of Section D: Water quality in Book 1: <i>Collection of water data by direct measurement</i>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a29d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, David A. 0000-0002-6918-2709 dalvarez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6918-2709","contributorId":1369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David","email":"dalvarez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98873,"text":"sir20105134 - 2010 - Characterization of geologic deposits in the vicinity of US Ecology, Amargosa Basin, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T10:39:39","indexId":"sir20105134","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5134","title":"Characterization of geologic deposits in the vicinity of US Ecology, Amargosa Basin, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Multiple approaches have been applied to better understand the characteristics of geologic units exposed at the surface and buried at depth in the vicinity of US Ecology (USE), a low-level commercial waste site in the northern Amargosa Desert, Nevada. Techniques include surficial geologic mapping and interpretation of the subsurface using borehole data. Dated deposits at depth were used to estimate rates of sediment accumulation. The subsurface lithologies have been modeled in three dimensions. Lithologic cross sections have been created from the three-dimensional model and have been compared to resistivity data at the same location. Where deposits appear offset, a fault was suspected. Global Positioning System elevation transects were measured and trenches were excavated to locate a strand of the Carrara Fault. The presence of the fault helps to better understand the shape of the potentiometric surface. These data will be used to better understand the hydrologic parameters controlling the containment of the waste at US Ecology.</p><p>Quaternary geologic units exposed at the surface, in the vicinity of US Ecology, are derived from the alluvium shed off the adjacent range front and the Amargosa River. These deposits vary from modern to early Pleistocene in age. At depth, heterogeneous sands and gravel occur. Observed in deep trenches and boreholes, the subsurface deposits are characterized as fining-upward sequence of sediment from 5- to 8-meters thick. No volcanic units or fine-grained playa deposits were described in the boreholes to a depth of 200 meters. Based on Infrared Stimulated Luminescence dated core samples, short-term rates of sediment accumulation (&lt;70,000 years) are an average of 2.7 millimeters per year, however, long-term rates (&lt;3,900,000 years) are orders of magnitude less. Resistivity data, when compared to lithologic cross sections, generally are consistent with lithology grain size and probable soil carbonate accumulations. Surface resistivity displays a fining-upward sequence of sediments at the surface with a soil carbonate imprint. Finally, trenching north of US Ecology successfully exposed offset Quaternary deposits on a splay of the Carrara Fault. Holocene deposits do not appear to be faulted, however, a fault zone does intersect middle and late Pleistocene aged units.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105134","usgsCitation":"Taylor, E.M., 2010, Characterization of geologic deposits in the vicinity of US Ecology, Amargosa Basin, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5134, Report: vi, 37 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105134.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 37 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350781,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5134/downloads/Appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"224 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":350780,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5134/downloads/SIR10-5134.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":14290,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,36.6 ], [ -117,36.9 ], [ -116,36.9 ], [ -116,36.6 ], [ -117,36.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Emily M. 0000-0003-1152-5761 emtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-5761","contributorId":1240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Emily","email":"emtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98878,"text":"sir20105155 - 2010 - Surface-water quantity and quality, aquatic biology, stream geomorphology, and groundwater-flow simulation for National Guard Training Center at Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania, 2002-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T09:09:14","indexId":"sir20105155","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5155","title":"Surface-water quantity and quality, aquatic biology, stream geomorphology, and groundwater-flow simulation for National Guard Training Center at Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania, 2002-05","docAbstract":"Base-line and long-term monitoring of water resources of the National Guard Training Center at Fort Indiantown Gap in south-central Pennsylvania began in 2002. Results of continuous monitoring of streamflow and turbidity and monthly and stormflow water-quality samples from two continuous-record long-term stream sites, periodic collection of water-quality samples from five miscellaneous stream sites, and annual collection of biological data from 2002 to 2005 at 27 sites are discussed. In addition, results from a stream-geomorphic analysis and classification and a regional groundwater-flow model are included. Streamflow at the facility was above normal for the 2003 through 2005 water years and extremely high-flow events occurred in 2003 and in 2004. Water-quality samples were analyzed for nutrients, sediments, metals, major ions, pesticides, volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, and explosives. Results indicated no exceedances for any constituent (except iron) above the primary and secondary drinking-water standards or health-advisory levels set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Iron concentrations were naturally elevated in the groundwater within the watershed because of bedrock lithology. The majority of the constituents were at or below the method detection limit. Sediment loads were dominated by precipitation due to the remnants of Hurricane Ivan in September 2004. More than 60 percent of the sediment load measured during the entire study was transported past the streamgage in just 2 days during that event. Habitat and aquatic-invertebrate data were collected in the summers of 2002-05, and fish data were collected in 2004. Although 2002 was a drought year, 2003-05 were above-normal flow years. Results indicated a wide diversity in invertebrates, good numbers of taxa (distinct organisms), and on the basis of a combination of metrics, the majority of the 27 sites indicated no or slight impairment. Fish-metric data from 25 sites indicated results similar to the invertebrate data. Stream classification based on evolution of the stream channels indicates about 94 percent of the channels were considered to be in equilibrium (type B or C channels), neither aggrading nor eroding. A regional, uncalibrated groundwater-flow model indicated the surface-water and groundwater-flow divides coincided. Because of folding of rock layers, groundwater was under confined conditions and nearly all the water leaves the facility via the streams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs","usgsCitation":"Langland, M.J., Cinotto, P.J., Chichester, D.C., Bilger, M.D., and Brightbill, R.A., 2010, Surface-water quantity and quality, aquatic biology, stream geomorphology, and groundwater-flow simulation for National Guard Training Center at Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania, 2002-05: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5155, viii, 48 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105155.","productDescription":"viii, 48 p.; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5155.jpg"},{"id":14295,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5155/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.78333333333333,40.36666666666667 ], [ -76.78333333333333,40.5 ], [ -76.46666666666667,40.5 ], [ -76.46666666666667,40.36666666666667 ], [ -76.78333333333333,40.36666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langland, Michael J. 0000-0002-8350-8779 langland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-8779","contributorId":2347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langland","given":"Michael","email":"langland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cinotto, Peter J. pcinotto@usgs.gov","contributorId":451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cinotto","given":"Peter","email":"pcinotto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chichester, Douglas C.","contributorId":83883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chichester","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bilger, Michael D.","contributorId":13589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brightbill, Robin A. 0000-0003-4683-9656 rabright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-9656","contributorId":618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightbill","given":"Robin","email":"rabright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70157538,"text":"70157538 - 2010 - Trends in live-bed pier scour at selected bridges in South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-03T13:57:55.706699","indexId":"70157538","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Trends in live-bed pier scour at selected bridges in South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, used ground-penetrating radar to collect measurements of live-bed pier scour at 78 bridges in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain physiographic provinces of South Carolina. The 141 measurements of live-bed pier-scour depth ranged from 0.5 to 5.1 meters. Using hydraulic data estimated with a one-dimensional flow model, predicted live-bed scour depths were computed with scour equations from the Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 and compared with measured scour. This comparison indicated that predicted pier-scour depths generally exceeded the measured pier-scour depths. At times, predicted pier-scour depths were excessive with overpredictions as large as 7.0 meters. Relations in the live-bed pier-scour data also were investigated, leading to the development of an envelope curve for assessing the upper-bound of live-bed pier scour using pier width as the primary explanatory variable. The envelope curve developed with the field data has limitations, but it can be used as a supplementary tool for assessing the potential for live-bed pier scour in South Carolina. This paper will present findings related to the field investigation of live-bed pier scour. A companion paper presents findings related to live-bed contraction scour that was studied during the same field investigation.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scour and Erosion","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"5th International Conference on Scour and Erosion","conferenceDate":"November 7-10, 2010","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, California","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/41147(392)8","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, A.W., and Benedict, S., 2010, Trends in live-bed pier scour at selected bridges in South Carolina, <i>in</i> Scour and Erosion, San Francisco, California, November 7-10, 2010, p. 95-104, https://doi.org/10.1061/41147(392)8.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"104","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56067041e4b058f706e51970","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Burns, Susan E.","contributorId":147968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573493,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bhatia, Shobha K.","contributorId":147969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhatia","given":"Shobha","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573494,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avila, Catherine","contributorId":147970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avila","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573495,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, Beatrice E.","contributorId":147971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"Beatrice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573496,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":3228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":9000289,"text":"sim3139 - 2010 - Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-central Florida, May 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"sim3139","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3139","title":"Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-central Florida, May 2010","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system consists of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers separated by the middle confining unit. The middle confining unit and the Lower Floridan aquifer in west-central Florida generally contain highly mineralized water. The water-bearing units containing fresh water are herein referred to as the Upper Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer is the principal source of water in the Southwest Florida Water Management District and is used for major public supply, domestic use, irrigation, and brackish water desalination in coastal communities (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2000).\r\n\r\nThis map report shows the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer measured in May 2010. The potentiometric surface is an imaginary surface connecting points of equal altitude to which water will rise in tightly-cased wells that tap a confined aquifer system (Lohman, 1979). This map represents water-level conditions near the end of the dry season, when groundwater levels usually are at an annual low and withdrawals for agricultural use typically are high. The cumulative average rainfall of 55.21 inches for west-central Florida (from June 2009 through May 2010) was 2.55 inches above the historical cumulative average of 52.66 inches (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2010). Historical cumulative averages are calculated from regional rainfall summary reports (1915 to most recent complete calendar year) and are updated monthly by the Southwest Florida Water Management District.\r\n\r\nThis report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District, is part of a semi-annual series of Upper Floridan aquifer potentiometric-surface map reports for west-central Florida. Potentiometric-surface maps have been prepared for January 1964, May 1969, May 1971, May 1973, May 1974, and for each May and September since 1975. Water-level data are collected in May and September each year to show the approximate annual low and high water-level conditions, respectively.\r\n\r\nMost of the water-level data for this map were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during the period May 17-21, 2010. Supplemental water-level data were collected by other agencies and companies. Most water-level measurements were made during a 5-day period; therefore, measurements do not represent a 'snapshot' of conditions at a specific time, nor do they necessarily coincide with the seasonal low water-level condition. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with\r\nSouthwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, A., 2010, Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-central Florida, May 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3139, PDF Map: 34 inches x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3139.","productDescription":"PDF Map: 34 inches x 34 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":282,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center-Tampa","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3139.jpg"},{"id":14289,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84,26.833333333333332 ], [ -84,29.75 ], [ -81,29.75 ], [ -81,26.833333333333332 ], [ -84,26.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, A.G.","contributorId":53357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98861,"text":"sir20105200 - 2010 - Quantity and sources of base flow in the San Pedro River near Tombstone, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:05","indexId":"sir20105200","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5200","title":"Quantity and sources of base flow in the San Pedro River near Tombstone, Arizona","docAbstract":" Base flow in the upper San Pedro River at the gaging station (USGS station 09471550) near Tombstone, Arizona, is an important factor in the long-term sustainability of the river's riparian ecosystem. Most base flow occurs during the non-summer months (typically, from November to May), because evapotranspiration (ET) is greater than groundwater discharge to the riparian zone during the growing season and typically causes periods of zero flow in the spring and fall. Streamflow during the summer months occurs only as a result of rainfall and runoff. Using a hydrograph separation technique that partitions streamflow into stormflow and base flow, based on the change in runoff from the previous day, median base flow at the Tombstone gage from 1968 to 2009 (1987 to 1996 data absent) is 4,890 acre-ft/yr. Median base flow for the earlier period of record, 1968 to 1986, is 5,830 acre-ft/yr and for the later period, 1997 to 2009, is 2,880 acre-ft/yr.\r\n\r\nBase flow in the upper San Pedro River is derived from groundwater discharge to the river from the regional and alluvial aquifer. The regional aquifer is defined as having recharge zones away from the river, primarily at mountain fronts and along ephemeral channels. The alluvial aquifer is recharged mainly from stormflow. Based on environmental isotope data, the composition of base flow in the upper San Pedro River at the gaging station near Tombstone is 74 +/- 10 percent regional groundwater and 26 +/- 10 percent summer storm runoff stored as alluvial groundwater for the 2000 to 2009 period.\r\n\r\nThe volume of base flow in a given year is well explained, using multiple regression, by mean daily flow during the previous October and by rainfall during the months of December and January (R2 = 0.9). This does not suggest that streamflow is composed only of these two sources; rather, these two sources control the degree of saturation of the near-stream alluvial aquifer and, therefore, the amount of winter base-flow infiltration that is possible upstream of the Tombstone gaging station. Because of losing conditions upstream of the Tombstone gage, there is no minimum amount of base flow that would be expected in any given year.\r\n\r\nThe regression equation was used to adjust the measured base flow to account for year-to-year variation in precipitation. Adjusted base flows decreased, independent of climate, from the early period of record to the late period of record. In addition to total base flow, other metrics were considered, including the start and end dates of base flow, the number of days of base flow, the 25th percentile mean daily flow, and the number of days of zero flow. Each of these showed a decline in base flow between the early period of record and the late period. The available evidence to evaluate this decrease - hydraulic gradients in the alluvial and regional aquifers and a 10-yr record of streamflow environmental isotope samples - indicates that no reduction in groundwater discharge has occurred over this period of record. Continued regional groundwater pumping will, however, eventually lead to a decline in the contribution of regional groundwater to base flow. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105200","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, J.R., and Gungle, B., 2010, Quantity and sources of base flow in the San Pedro River near Tombstone, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5200, vi, 39 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105200.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5200.jpg"},{"id":14274,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5200/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.3,31.2 ], [ -110.3,31.9 ], [ -110,31.9 ], [ -110,31.2 ], [ -110.3,31.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gungle, Bruce 0000-0001-6406-1206","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-1206","contributorId":40176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gungle","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98868,"text":"sir20105207 - 2010 - Bathymetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, using a multibeam echo sounder, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"sir20105207","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5207","title":"Bathymetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, using a multibeam echo sounder, 2010","docAbstract":"Bathymetric surveys were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation, on the Missouri River in the vicinity of nine bridges at seven highway crossings in Kansas City, Missouri, in March 2010. A multibeam echo sounder mapping system was used to obtain channel-bed elevations for river reaches that ranged from 1,640 to 1,800 feet long and extending from bank to bank in the main channel of the Missouri River. These bathymetric scans will be used by the Missouri Department of Transportation to assess the condition of the bridges for stability and integrity with respect to bridge scour.\r\n\r\nBathymetric data were collected around every pier that was in water, except those at the edge of the water or in extremely shallow water, and one pier that was surrounded by a large debris raft. A scour hole was present at every pier for which bathymetric data could be obtained. The scour hole at a given pier varied in depth relative to the upstream channel bed, depending on the presence and proximity of other piers or structures upstream from the pier in question. The surveyed channel bed at the bottom of the scour hole was between 5 and 50 feet above bedrock.\r\n\r\nAt bridges with drilled shaft foundations, generally there was exposure of the upstream end of the seal course and the seal course often was undermined to some extent. At one site, the minimum elevation of the scour hole at the main channel pier was about 10 feet below the bottom of the seal course, and the sides of the drilled shafts were evident in a point cloud visualization of the data at that pier. However, drilled shafts generally penetrated 20 feet into bedrock. Undermining of the seal course was evident as a sonic 'shadow' in the point cloud visualization of several of the piers.\r\n\r\nLarge dune features were present in the channel at nearly all of the surveyed sites, as were numerous smaller dunes and many ripples. Several of the sites are on or near bends in the river, resulting in a deep channel thalweg on the outside of the bend at these sites. At structure A5817 on State Highway 269, bedrock exposure was evident in the channel thalweg. The surveyed channel bed at a given site from this study generally was lower than the channel bed obtained during Level II scour assessments in 2002.\r\n\r\nAt piers with well-defined scour holes, the frontal slopes of the holes were somewhat less than recommended values in the literature, and the shape of the holes appeared to be affected by the movement of dune features into and around the holes. The channel bed at all of the surveyed sites was lower than the channel bed at the time of construction, and an analysis of measurement data from the U.S. Geological Survey continuous streamflow-gaging station on the Missouri River at Kansas City, Missouri (station number 06893000), confirmed a lowering trend of the channel-bed elevations with time at the gaging station.\r\n\r\nThe size of the scour holes observed at the surveyed sites likely was affected by the moderate flood conditions on the Missouri River at the time of the surveys. The scour holes likely would be substantially smaller during conditions of low flow.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105207","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., 2010, Bathymetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, using a multibeam echo sounder, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5207, x, 60 p.; Bathymetric survey maps in 11 x 17 format, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105207.","productDescription":"x, 60 p.; Bathymetric survey maps in 11 x 17 format","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5207.jpg"},{"id":14284,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5207/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.65027777777779,39.083333333333336 ], [ -94.65027777777779,39.150555555555556 ], [ -94.63444444444445,39.150555555555556 ], [ -94.63444444444445,39.083333333333336 ], [ -94.65027777777779,39.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ee4b07f02db640186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huizinga, Richard J. 0000-0002-2940-2324 huizinga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-2324","contributorId":2089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huizinga","given":"Richard","email":"huizinga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98860,"text":"ofr20101069 - 2010 - Seamounts and ferromanganese crusts within and near the U.S. EEZ off California - Data for RV Farnella cruise F7-87-SC","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T19:36:02.96467","indexId":"ofr20101069","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1069","title":"Seamounts and ferromanganese crusts within and near the U.S. EEZ off California - Data for RV Farnella cruise F7-87-SC","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to present and briefly describe ship-board and laboratory data for a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research cruise aboard the RV Farnella that took place December 3-21, 1987 (cruise F7-87-SC). The purpose of the cruise was to survey seamounts and ferromanganese crusts within and near the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) off California. Eight seamounts were studied - Rodriguez, San Marcos, Adam, Hoss, Little Joe, Ben, Flint, and Jasper. A geophysical survey of Jasper Seamount took place, but that seamount was not sampled; whereas Adam and Hoss Seamounts were sampled, but not surveyed with geophysics lines.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101069","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., Reid, J.A., Conrad, T., Dunham, R.E., Clague, D.A., Schulz, M., and Davis, A.S., 2010, Seamounts and ferromanganese crusts within and near the U.S. EEZ off California - Data for RV Farnella cruise F7-87-SC: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1069, Report: vii, 124 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101069.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 124 p.; Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1069.jpg"},{"id":408277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94508.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14273,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1069/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.3417,\n              30.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.9833,\n              30.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.9833,\n              34.1361\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.3417,\n              34.1361\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.3417,\n              30.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc4b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Jane A. 0000-0003-1771-3894 jareid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1771-3894","contributorId":2826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Jane","email":"jareid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrad, Tracey A.","contributorId":52540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"Tracey A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunham, Rachel E.","contributorId":78293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clague, David A.","contributorId":77105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schulz, Marjorie S. 0000-0001-5597-6447 mschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-6447","contributorId":3720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Marjorie S.","email":"mschulz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Davis, Alice S.","contributorId":25904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Alice","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":98859,"text":"ofr20101189 - 2010 - Preliminary assessment of trends in static water levels in bedrock wells in New Hampshire, 1984 to 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T21:14:19.977926","indexId":"ofr20101189","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1189","title":"Preliminary assessment of trends in static water levels in bedrock wells in New Hampshire, 1984 to 2007","docAbstract":"<p>Analysis of nearly 60,000 reported values of static water level (SWL, as depth below land surface) in bedrock wells in New Hampshire, aggregated on a yearly basis, showed an apparent deepening of SWL of about 13 ft (4 m) over the period 1984&ndash;2007. Water-level data were one-time measurements at each well and were analyzed, in part, to determine if they were suitable for analysis of trends in groundwater levels across the state. Other well characteristics, however, also have been changing over time, such as total well depth, casing length, the length of casing in bedrock, and to some extent, well yield. Analyses indicated that many of the well construction variables are significantly correlated; the apparent declines in water levels may have been caused by some of these factors. Information on changes in water use for the period was not available, although water use may be an important factor affecting water levels.</p>\n<p>Multiple regression models were used to determine the simultaneous effects of important variables on SWLs statewide. Models also were generated for each county, and the model-calculated results for counties were generally similar to the results for the state wide models.</p>\n<p>The most significant predictors of mean SWL (aggregated by year and quarter) were total depth, the third quarter of the year (July&ndash;September), elevation, and height of well above minimum elevation within a 1,640-foot (500-meter) radius (hillslope factor). Casing length was a significant predictor of SWL for igneous-rock models and curvature of the land surface for metamorphic-rock models. Local geologic as well as landscape features appear to provide further explanation of SWL variation. For example, SWLs in wells completed in specific granites appear to be deeper than in other granites; this relation was also observed for different groups of metamorphic rocks.</p>\n<p>A more detailed examination of data from six towns that report frequent complaints about low water supply from bedrock aquifer wells showed that hillslope position may play a role in the availability of water in wells. SWLs were commonly deeper (greater depth to water) for wells with more than 100 ft (30 m) of relief between the well and the lowest land-surface elevation within 1,640 ft (500 m) of the well. For these high-relief wells, the depth to SWL was commonly greater for those that were on generally south-facing slopes, compared to wells on north-facing slopes.</p>\n<p>Concerns about wells with very little water-producing capacity in localized areas of some towns may be better understood by considering some of the relations identified in this study. For example, the data show that the position of a well on a hillslope affects the SWL depth in that well; however, the data also indicate that the average yield of the well is lower for hillslope wells than for wells in lower relief areas. This relation indicates that as the hillslope factor increases (and SWLs become deeper), the amount of available water in the wells decreases. Knowledge of this relation indicates that deeper wells may be needed in areas of higher relief.</p>\n<p>In areas with less extreme relief, the overall depths of wells have increased substantially more than the depths to the SWL. This indicates that the amount of water stored in wells (wellbore storage) has increased, and thus more water is available for use in the average well. As a result, more water may be used because it is available, possibly adding to the problem of local well interference or exacerbating drought-related well problems.</p>\n<p>These data provided an opportunity to examine groundwater-level conditions across the state; however, the bedrock wells used in this study would not be suitable for rigorous evaluation of trends in SWL across the state because the locations and characteristics of the wells vary with time. Further, these wells cannot substitute for a carefully designed network of wells selected for the sole purpose of monitoring trends in water levels over time. The SWL data may be useful in the design of a monitoring network, and continued collection of water-level data from the bedrock wells could be used to augment data from monitoring wells.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101189","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Kernen, B.M., Wunsch, D.R., Argue, D.M., Bennett, D.S., and Mack, T.J., 2010, Preliminary assessment of trends in static water levels in bedrock wells in New Hampshire, 1984 to 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1189, vii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101189.","productDescription":"vii, 30 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1984-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1189.jpg"},{"id":388974,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB 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,{"id":98858,"text":"sir20105122 - 2010 - Lithologic and physicochemical properties and hydraulics of flow in and near the freshwater/saline-water transition zone, San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, based on water-level and borehole geophysical log data, 1999-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T22:22:15.060274","indexId":"sir20105122","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5122","title":"Lithologic and physicochemical properties and hydraulics of flow in and near the freshwater/saline-water transition zone, San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, based on water-level and borehole geophysical log data, 1999-2007","docAbstract":"<p>The freshwater zone of the San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer in south-central Texas (hereinafter, the Edwards aquifer) is bounded to the south and southeast by a zone of transition from freshwater to saline water (hereinafter, the transition zone). The boundary between the two zones is the freshwater/saline-water interface (hereinafter, the interface), defined as the 1,000-milligrams per liter dissolved solids concentration threshold. This report presents the findings of a study, done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, to obtain lithologic properties (rock properties associated with known stratigraphic units) and physicochemical properties (fluid conductivity and temperature) and to analyze the hydraulics of flow in and near the transition zone of the Edwards aquifer on the basis of water-level and borehole geophysical log data collected from 15 monitoring wells in four transects during 1999-2007. No identifiable relation between conductivity values from geophysical logs in monitoring wells in all transects and equivalent freshwater heads in the wells at the times the logs were run is evident; and no identifiable relation between conductivity values and vertical flow in the boreholes concurrent with the times the logs were run is evident. The direction of the lateral equivalent freshwater head gradient and thus the potential lateral flow at the interface in the vicinity of the East Uvalde transect fluctuates between into and out of the freshwater zone, depending on recharge and withdrawals. Whether the prevailing direction on average is into or out of the freshwater zone is not clearly indicated. Equivalent freshwater head data do not indicate a prevailing direction of the lateral gradient at the interface in the vicinity of the Tri-County transect. The prevailing direction on average of the lateral gradient and thus potential lateral flow at the interface in the vicinity of the Kyle transect likely is from the transition zone into the freshwater zone. The hypothesis regarding the vertical gradient at the East Uvalde transect, and thus the potential for vertical flow near an interface conceptualized as a surface sloping upward in the direction of the dip of the stratigraphic units, is that the potential for vertical flow fluctuates between into and out of the freshwater zone, depending on recharge and withdrawals. At the Tri-County transect, a downward gradient on the fresh-water side of the interface and an upward gradient on the saline-water side are evidence of opposing potentials that appear to have stabilized the position of the interface over the range of hydrologic conditions that occurred at the times the logs were run. At the Fish Hatchery transect, an upward gradient on the saline-water side of the interface, coupled with the assumption of a sloping interface, implies a vertical gradient from the transition zone into the freshwater zone. This potential for vertical movement of the interface apparently was opposed by the potential (head) on the freshwater side of the interface that kept the interface relatively stable over the range of hydrologic conditions during which the logs were run. The five flow logs for Kyle transect freshwater well KY1 all indicate upward flow that originates from the Glen Rose Limestone, the uppermost unit of the Trinity aquifer; and one log for well KY2 shows upward flow entering the borehole from the Trinity aquifer. These flow data constitute evidence of the potential for flow from the Trinity aquifer into the Edwards aquifer in the vicinity of the Kyle transect. Subsurface temperature data indicate that flow on average is more active, or vigorous, on the freshwater side of the interface than on the saline-water side. A hydraulic connection between the transition zone and the freshwater zone is indicated by similar patterns in the hydrographs of the 15 transect monitoring wells in and near the transition zone and three county index wel</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/sir20105122","collaboration":"In cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Lambert, R.B., Hunt, A.G., Stanton, G.P., and Nyman, M.B., 2010, Lithologic and physicochemical properties and hydraulics of flow in and near the freshwater/saline-water transition zone, San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, based on water-level and borehole geophysical log data, 1999-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5122, Report: ix, 69 p.; 4 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105122.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 69 p.; 4 Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1999-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424200,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94500.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14271,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126089,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5122.jpg"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.66666666666667,28.5 ], [ -100.66666666666667,30.5 ], [ -97.5,30.5 ], [ -97.5,28.5 ], [ -100.66666666666667,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc211","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambert, Rebecca B. 0000-0002-0611-1591 blambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-1591","contributorId":1135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Rebecca","email":"blambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, Gregory P. 0000-0001-8622-0933 gstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-0933","contributorId":1583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Gregory","email":"gstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nyman, Michael B. mbnyman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyman","given":"Michael","email":"mbnyman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70148191,"text":"70148191 - 2010 - Woodpecker densities in the big woods of Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T09:49:57","indexId":"70148191","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Woodpecker densities in the big woods of Arkansas","docAbstract":"<p>Sightings of the now-feared-extinct ivory-billed woodpecker <i>Campephilus principalis</i> in 2004 in the Big Woods of Arkansas initiated a series of studies on how to best manage habitat for this endangered species as well as all woodpeckers in the area. Previous work suggested that densities of other woodpeckers, particularly pileated <i>Dryocopus pileatus</i> and red-bellied <i>Melanerpes carolinus</i> woodpeckers, might be useful in characterizing habitat use by the ivory-billed woodpecker. We estimated densities of six woodpecker species in the Big Woods during the breeding seasons of 2006 and 2007 and also during the winter season of 2007. Our estimated densities were as high as or higher than previously published woodpecker density estimates for the Southeastern United States. Density estimates ranged from 9.1 to 161.3 individuals/km<sup>2</sup> across six woodpecker species. Our data suggest that the Big Woods of Arkansas is attractive to all woodpeckers using the region, including ivory-billed woodpeckers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3996/032010-JFWM-006","usgsCitation":"Luscier, J., and Krementz, D.G., 2010, Woodpecker densities in the big woods of Arkansas: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 1, no. 2, p. 102-110, https://doi.org/10.3996/032010-JFWM-006.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"102","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012457","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/032010-jfwm-006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.63623046875,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.15380859375,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.04394531249999,\n              36.29741818650811\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.32958984375,\n              36.03133177633187\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6484375,\n              35.96022296929667\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.24169921875,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.41748046874999,\n              34.75966612466248\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.52734374999999,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.94482421875,\n              33.96158628979907\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              33.44977658311846\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0986328125,\n              32.95336814579932\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.02099609375,\n              32.99023555965106\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.04296874999999,\n              33.41310221370827\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.50439453125,\n              33.5963189611327\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.46044921875,\n              35.460669951495305\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.63623046875,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5565995de4b0d9246a9eb64d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luscier, J.D.","contributorId":20961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luscier","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krementz, David G. 0000-0002-5661-4541 dkrementz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-4541","contributorId":2827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"David","email":"dkrementz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70200648,"text":"70200648 - 2010 - Thermal constraints to the sporogonic development and altitudinal distribution of avian malaria Plasmodium relictum in Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T20:08:12.315957","indexId":"70200648","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-31T10:20:36","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Thermal constraints to the sporogonic development and altitudinal distribution of avian malaria <i>Plasmodium relictum </i> in Hawai'i","title":"Thermal constraints to the sporogonic development and altitudinal distribution of avian malaria Plasmodium relictum in Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p><span>More than half of the Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidinae) known from historical records are now extinct. Introduced mosquito-borne disease, in particular the avian malaria&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Plasmodium relictum</span></i><span>, has been incriminated as a leading cause of extinction during the 20th century and a major limiting factor in the recovery of remaining species populations. Today, most native Hawaiian bird species reach their highest densities and diversity in high elevation (&gt;1,800&nbsp;m above sea level) forests. We determined the thermal requirements for sporogonic development of&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">P. relictum</span></i><span>&nbsp;in the natural vector,&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Culex quinquefasciatus</span></i><span>, and assessed the current distribution of native bird species in light of this information. Sporogonic development was completed at constant laboratory and mean field temperatures between 30 and 17&nbsp;C, but development, prevalence, and intensity decreased significantly below 21&nbsp;C. Using a degree-day (DD) model, we estimated a minimum threshold temperature of 12.97&nbsp;C and a thermal requirement of 86.2 DD as necessary to complete development. Predicted (adiabatic lapse-rate) and observed summer threshold isotherm (13&nbsp;C) correspond to the elevation of high forest refuges on the islands of Maui and Hawai'i. Our data support the hypothesis that avian malaria currently restricts the altitudinal distribution of Hawaiian honeycreeper populations and provide an ecological explanation for the absence of disease at high elevation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.1645/GE-2290.1","usgsCitation":"Lapointe, D., Goff, M., and Atkinson, C.T., 2010, Thermal constraints to the sporogonic development and altitudinal distribution of avian malaria Plasmodium relictum in Hawai'i: Journal of Parasitology, v. 96, no. 2, p. 318-324, https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2290.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"324","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70118899,"text":"70118899 - 2010 - ARCTOS: a relational database relating specimens, specimen-based science, and archival documentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-31T08:58:56","indexId":"70118899","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-31T08:58:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"ARCTOS: a relational database relating specimens, specimen-based science, and archival documentation","docAbstract":"Data are preserved when they are perpetually discoverable, but even in the Information Age, discovery of legacy data appropriate to particular investigations is uncertain. Secure Internet storage is necessary but insufficient. Data can be discovered only when they are adequately described, and visibility increases markedly if the data are related to other data that are receiving usage. Such relationships can be built within (1) the framework of a relational database, or (1) they can be built among separate resources, within the framework of the Internet. Evolving primarily around biological collections, Arctos is a database that does both of these tasks. It includes data structures for a diversity of specimen attributes, essentially all collection-management tasks, plus literature citations, project descriptions, etc. As a centralized collaboration of several university museums, Arctos is an ideal environment for capitalizing on the many relationships that often exist between items in separate collections. Arctos is related to NIH’s DNA-sequence repository (GenBank) with record-to-record reciprocal linkages, and it serves data to several discipline-specific web portals, including the Global Biodiversity Information Network (GBIF). The University of Alaska Museum’s paleontological collection is Arctos’s recent extension beyond the constraints of neontology. With about 1.3 million cataloged items, additional collections are being added each year.","largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Annual Meeting","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Jarrell, G.H., Ramotnik, C.A., and McDonald, D., 2010, ARCTOS: a relational database relating specimens, specimen-based science, and archival documentation, <i>in</i> Geological Society of America Annual Meeting.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53db5840e4b0fba533fa3561","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarrell, Gordon H.","contributorId":30923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrell","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramotnik, Cindy A.","contributorId":33233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramotnik","given":"Cindy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, D.L.","contributorId":6381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98854,"text":"sir20105166 - 2010 - Biological water-quality assessment of selected streams in the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District Planning Area of Wisconsin, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-02T10:06:05","indexId":"sir20105166","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5166","title":"Biological water-quality assessment of selected streams in the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District Planning Area of Wisconsin, 2007","docAbstract":"Changes in the water quality of stream ecosystems in an urban area may manifest in conspicuous ways, such as in murky or smelly streamwater, or in less conspicuous ways, such as fewer native or pollution-sensitive organisms. In 2004, and again in 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey sampled stream organisms—algae, invertebrates, and fish—in 14 Milwaukee area streams to assess water quality as part of the ongoing Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD) Corridor Study. In addition, passive-sampling devices (SPMDs, “semipermeable membrane devices”) were deployed at a subset of sites in order to evaluate the potential exposure of stream organisms to certain toxic chemicals. Results of the 2007 sampling effort are the focus of this report. Results of sampling from 2007 are compared with results from 2004.  The water quality of sampled streams was assessed by evaluating biological-assemblage data, metrics computed from assemblage data, and an aggregate bioassessment ranking method that combined data for algae, invertebrates, and fish. These data contain information about the abundance (number) of different species in each group of stream organisms and the balance between species that can or cannot tolerate polluted or disturbed conditions. In 2007, the highest numbers of algal, invertebrate, and fish species were found at the Milwaukee River at Milwaukee, the largest sampled site. Algal results indicated water quality concerns at 10 of the 14 sampled sites due to the occurrence of nuisance algae or low percentages of pollution-sensitive algae. When compared to 2004, total algal biovolume was higher in 2007 at 12 of 14 sites, due mostly to more nuisance green algae from unknown causes. Results of several metrics, including the Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI-10), suggest that invertebrate assemblages in the Little Menomonee River, Underwood Creek, and Honey Creek were poorer quality in 2007 compared to 2004. Six sites received “very poor” quality ratings for fish in 2007, mostly because inadequate numbers of fish were collected at five sites to allow computation of an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI); this resulted in three additional sites receiving “very poor” ratings compared to 2004. Some signs of potential improvement in the fish assemblage were evident at Lincoln Creek, possibly reflecting delayed effects of the restoration of stream habitat, completed in 2002; however, algae and invertebrates did not show signs of improvement.  Aggregate bioassessment rankings across all groups of organisms for 2004 and 2007 indicated that water quality at the two Milwaukee River main stem sites (at Milwaukee and near Cedarburg), Jewel Creek, and the Menomonee River at Menomonee Falls was the least-degraded among all sampled sites. Rankings for Oak Creek and Little Menomonee suggested water quality was worse in 2007 compared to 2004 and placed these two sites together with Kinnickinnic River and Underwood Creek, two concrete-line sites, indicating the most-degraded water quality among all sampled sites. The aggregate ranking for Lincoln Creek in 2007 would have placed it in the most-degraded category but for the positive influence of the fish ranking when compared to poor algal and invertebrate rankings. Potential toxicity due to certain manmade chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), was found at all six sites where SPMDs were deployed. As was found in 2004, the highest potential toxicity in 2007 was observed at Lincoln Creek where chemical screening in 2007 also showed the highest total PAHs of all six sites; however, potential toxicity at Little Menomonee River, Honey Creek, and Kinnickinnic River was relatively high compared to Milwaukee River near Cedarburg. Although toxicity and chemical results in 2007 did not agree with aggregate rankings for Lincoln Creek because of fish, nor for Honey Creek, the results did agree with aggregate rankings at four of the six sites. In addition to toxicological and chemical influences, the more urbanized sites have high percentages of impervious surface area, resulting in frequent high stream flows that can adversely affect algal, invertebrate, and fish assemblages. Assessments of the ecological status of different groups of organisms and of potential chemical and physical stressors to organisms are important tools in evaluating streamwater quality.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105166","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District","usgsCitation":"Scudder Eikenberry, B.C., Bell, A.H., Sullivan, D.J., Lutz, M., and Alvarez, D., 2010, Biological water-quality assessment of selected streams in the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District Planning Area of Wisconsin, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5166, viii, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105166.","productDescription":"viii, 28 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20105166.jpg"},{"id":14267,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5166/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Milwaukee","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.071,42.921 ], [ -88.071,43.195 ], [ -87.864,43.195 ], [ -87.864,42.921 ], [ -88.071,42.921 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db62330c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scudder Eikenberry, Barbara C.","contributorId":63771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudder Eikenberry","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, Amanda H. 0000-0002-7199-2145 ahbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-2145","contributorId":1752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Amanda","email":"ahbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, Daniel J. 0000-0003-2705-3738 djsulliv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-3738","contributorId":1703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Daniel","email":"djsulliv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lutz, Michelle A.","contributorId":32862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Michelle A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alvarez, David A.","contributorId":72755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98853,"text":"sir20105090a - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment: porphyry copper assessment of Mexico: Chapter A in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":98853,"text":"sir20105090a - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment: porphyry copper assessment of Mexico: Chapter A in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>","indexId":"sir20105090a","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Global mineral resource assessment: porphyry copper assessment of Mexico: Chapter A in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-18T22:41:02.745365","indexId":"sir20105090a","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"A","title":"Global mineral resource assessment: porphyry copper assessment of Mexico: Chapter A in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>","docAbstract":"<p>Mineral resource assessments provide a synthesis of available information about distributions of mineral deposits in the Earth&rsquo;s crust. A probabilistic mineral resource assessment of undiscovered resources in porphyry copper deposits in Mexico was done as part of a global mineral resource assessment. The purpose of the study was to (1) delineate permissive areas (tracts) for undiscovered porphyry copper deposits within 1 km of the surface at a scale of 1:1,000,000; (2) provide a database of known porphyry copper deposits and significant prospects; (3) estimate numbers of undiscovered deposits within those permissive tracts; and (4) provide probabilistic estimates of amounts of copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), gold (Au), and silver (Ag) that could be contained in undiscovered deposits for each permissive tract. The assessment was conducted using a three-part form of mineral resource assessment based on mineral deposit models (Singer, 1993). Delineation of permissive tracts primarily was based on distributions of mapped igneous rocks related to magmatic arcs that formed in tectonic settings associated with subduction boundary zones. Using a GIS, map units were selected from digital geologic maps based on lithology and age to delineate twelve permissive tracts associated with Jurassic, Laramide (~90 to 34 Ma), and younger Tertiary magmatic arcs. Stream-sediment geochemistry, mapped alteration, regional aeromagnetic data, and exploration history were considered in conjunction with descriptive deposit models and grade and tonnage models to guide estimates.</p>\n<p>The 12 permissive tracts delineated for this assessment are grouped by age (Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, Laramide (~90 to 34 Ma), Tertiary) and range in size from ~3,000 to 184,000 km<sup>2</sup>. Probabilistic estimates of numbers of undiscovered deposits were made for 10 tracts. A qualitative discussion is included for one Jurassic tract that extends into the U.S. from northern Mexico, and a preliminary outline of the northernmost part of a Tertiary tract that continues well to the south of Mexico is included in summary figures for reference.</p>\n<p>This assessment estimates that 39 undiscovered deposits contain an arithmetic mean estimate of ~144 million metric tons of copper or more in ten tracts for which probabilistic estimates were made, in addition to 21 porphyry copper deposits that contain identified resources of ~52 million metric tons of copper. Approximately 70 percent of the estimated mean undiscovered copper resources are associated with permissive tracts that contain identified resources; the remaining estimated resources are associated with permissive tracts with no reported porphyry copper resources. In addition to copper, the mean expected values of undiscovered byproduct resources predicted by the simulation are ~4 million metric tons of molybdenum, ~48 thousand metric tons of silver, and 4 thousand metric tons of gold. The probability associated with these arithmetic means is on the order of 30 percent. Median expected amounts of metals predicted by the simulations may be ~50 percent lower than mean estimates, and in some cases, zero.</p>\n<p>For tracts that contain identified resources, the ratios of undiscovered to identified copper resources indicate that:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jurassic-Early Cretaceous tracts MX-J1 and MX-J2 contain fewer estimated undiscovered copper resources (ratios &lt;1) than identified resources;</li>\n<li>Laramide tract MX-L1 may contain significantly more copper than has been identified;</li>\n<li>Laramide tract MX-L2, the tract that contains most of the known deposits in Mexico, including the world-class deposits at Cananea and La Caridad, may contain about as much copper, molybdenum, and silver in undiscovered deposits and more gold than has been identified;</li>\n<li>Tertiary tracts MX-T1 and MX-T2, where no porphyry copper deposits are known, may contain undiscovered deposits;</li>\n<li>Tertiary tract MX-T3 may contain about three times more copper than has been identified; and</li>\n<li>Permissive tracts with no known deposits (MX-J3, MX-J5, MX-L3, MX-T1, MX-T2) contain approximately 30 percent of the total estimated undiscovered copper resources.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Most porphyry copper exploration in Mexico focused on the exposed northern parts of the Laramide arc. This assessment suggests that the exposed and shallowly buried (&lt;1 km) parts of the Laramide and Tertiary arcs delineated as permissive tracts are more likely to contain undiscovered deposits than are older (Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) arc segments. Interest in gold has prompted exploration of historical precious metal prospects and small mines in Mexico, some of which may represent high-sulfidation epithermal systems overlying or adjacent to porphyry copper systems.</p>\n<p>This report includes a brief overview of porphyry copper deposits in Mexico, a description of the assessment process used, a summary of results, and appendixes. Appendixes A through K contain summary information for each tract, as follows: location, the geologic feature assessed, the rationale for tract delineation, tables and descriptions of known deposits and significant prospects, exploration history, model selection, rationale for the estimates, assessment results, and references. The accompanying digital map files (shapefiles) provide permissive tract outlines, assessment results, and data for deposits and prospects in a GIS format (appendix L).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global mineral resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090a","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Servicio Geológico Mexicano","usgsCitation":"Hammarstrom, J.M., Robinson, G.R., Ludington, S., Gray, F., Drenth, B.J., Cendejas-Cruz, F., Espinosa, E., Perez-Segura, E., Valencia-Moreno, M., Rodriguez-Castaneda, J.L., Vasquez-Mendoza, R., and Zürcher, L., 2010, Global mineral resource assessment: porphyry copper assessment of Mexico: Chapter A in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 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