Intelligent planning for heavy construction, water supply, or other land utilization requires advance knowledge of ground conditions in the area. It is essential to know:
These elements usually are considered in planning land developments that involve much investment; detailed surveys generally are made of the topography, geology, soils, and hydrology at the site selected for development. Such detailed surveys are essential, but equally essential and often overlooked is the need for general surveys prior to site selection.
Only if the general surveys have been made is it possible to know that a particular site is most suitable for the purpose and that no situations in the tributary areas that might affect the project have been overlooked. Moreover, the general regional relations must be known in order to properly interpret the geology, soils, and hydrology at a particular locality. In brief, both the general and the specific are needed in order to avoid costly mistakes either during or after development.
The accompanying maps illustrate how a general geologic map can be used for interpreting grc .d conditions during a planning stage prior to site selection. The topographic and geologic maps, which provide the basic data, have been simplified from some existing ones. The interpretive sheets are intended to provide some examples of the kinds of information that trained persons can read from such basic maps.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir46","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1949, Interpreting ground conditions from geologic maps: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 46, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir46.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31447,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfeb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68874,"text":"om88 - 1949 - Geology of the Newport-Waldport area, Lincoln and Lane Counties, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T15:51:06","indexId":"om88","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":329,"text":"Oil and Gas Investigation Map","code":"OM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88","title":"Geology of the Newport-Waldport area, Lincoln and Lane Counties, Oregon","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/om88","usgsCitation":"Vokes, H.E., Norbisrath, H., and Snavely, P.D., 1949, Geology of the Newport-Waldport area, Lincoln and Lane Counties, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigation Map 88, HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/om88.","productDescription":"HTML","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":105072,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5450.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5450"}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Lincoln County, Lane County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -120.47607421874999,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -120.47607421874999,\n 46.5286346952717\n ],\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 46.5286346952717\n ],\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 42.74701217318067\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e95f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vokes, Harold Ernest","contributorId":45004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vokes","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"Ernest","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norbisrath, Hans","contributorId":21648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norbisrath","given":"Hans","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snavely, Parke Detweiler Jr.","contributorId":48535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"Parke","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Detweiler","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69001,"text":"om99 - 1949 - Map of the Berea sand of northern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:23","indexId":"om99","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":329,"text":"Oil and Gas Investigation Map","code":"OM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99","title":"Map of the Berea sand of northern Ohio","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/om99","usgsCitation":"De Witt, W., 1949, Map of the Berea sand of northern Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigation Map 99, 1 map :col. ;87 x 89 cm. [See Professional Paper 259], https://doi.org/10.3133/om99.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;87 x 89 cm. [See Professional Paper 259]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108204,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12262.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"12262"},{"id":187917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"90080","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 40.25,-83 ], [ 40.25,-81 ], [ 41.5,-81 ], [ 41.5,-83 ], [ 40.25,-83 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db65834c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Witt, Wallace Jr.","contributorId":87521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Witt","given":"Wallace","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":41906,"text":"ofr4912 - 1949 - Aeromagnetic maps of part of the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:01","indexId":"ofr4912","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49-12","title":"Aeromagnetic maps of part of the Gulf of Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr4912","usgsCitation":"Balsley, J.R., 1949, Aeromagnetic maps of part of the Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 49-12, 2 maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4912.","productDescription":"2 maps","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79647,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0012/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689cec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balsley, James R.","contributorId":10010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balsley","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":225703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":41902,"text":"ofr499 - 1949 - Aeromagnetic maps and second vertical derivative maps of Great Sitkin Island, Northern Adak Island, and part of northeastern Umnak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T11:56:38","indexId":"ofr499","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49-9","title":"Aeromagnetic maps and second vertical derivative maps of Great Sitkin Island, Northern Adak Island, and part of northeastern Umnak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"The eight attached maps were constructed from data taken on Project Volcano in the summer of 1947. The project was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research and conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Naval Ordnance Laboratory. Field work was done by Fred Keller, Jr., and J. L. Meuschke, Geophysicists of the U.S. Geological Survey, and by L. R. Alldredge, Physicist of the Naval Ordnance Laboratory. The instrument used was a modified AN/ASQ-3A flux-gate type total field magnetometer mounted in the tailcone of a PBY-5A aircraft. It is hoped that observation of the magnetic fields over volcanic areas over a period of years, may lead to prognostication of volcanic activity. These maps represent the results of the first of such surveys.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr499","usgsCitation":"Zietz, I., and Henderson, R., 1949, Aeromagnetic maps and second vertical derivative maps of Great Sitkin Island, Northern Adak Island, and part of northeastern Umnak Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 49-9, Report: 3 p., 8 maps: 16.94 x 17.57 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr499.","productDescription":"Report: 3 p., 8 maps: 16.94 x 17.57 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":79631,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0009/plate-4.pdf","text":"D) Aeromagnetic map of Great Sitkin Island second vertical derivative of the magnetic field","size":"970.25 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"D) Aeromagnetic map of Great Sitkin Island second vertical derivative of the magnetic field"},{"id":79632,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0009/plate-5.pdf","text":"E) Aeromagnetic map of northern Adak Island, Alaska uncorrected for regional gradient","size":"1.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"E) Aeromagnetic map of northern Adak Island, Alaska uncorrected for regional gradient"},{"id":79633,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0009/plate-6.pdf","text":"F) Aeromagnetic map of northern Adak Island second vertical derivative of magnetic field","size":"1.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"F) Aeromagnetic map of northern Adak Island second vertical derivative of magnetic field"},{"id":79634,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0009/plate-7.pdf","text":"G) Aeromagnetic map of part of northeastern Umnak Island uncorrected for regional gradient","size":"1.26 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-176.4404296875,\n 52.01869808104436\n ],\n [\n -176.8798828125,\n 52.01869808104436\n ],\n [\n -176.8798828125,\n 51.795027225829145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689d23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zietz, Isidore","contributorId":76708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zietz","given":"Isidore","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":225699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henderson, Roland G.","contributorId":65139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Roland G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":225698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":68999,"text":"om103 - 1949 - Geology of the Mush Creek and Osage oil fields and vicinity, Weston County, Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55552,"text":"ofr4731 - 1947 - Geologic and structure-contour map of the Mush Creek area, Weston County, 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Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/om103","usgsCitation":"Dobbin, C.E., and Horn, G.H., 1949, Geology of the Mush Creek and Osage oil fields and vicinity, Weston County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigation Map 103, 1 map :col. ;60 x 66 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/om103.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;60 x 66 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104878,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5248.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5248"},{"id":187915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"26720","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e946","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dobbin, C. E.","contributorId":32581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobbin","given":"C.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horn, George Henry","contributorId":91475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":279361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3895,"text":"cir58 - 1949 - Index of surface-water records, part 5, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins, to September 30, 1948","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T12:58:31","indexId":"cir58","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"58","title":"Index of surface-water records, part 5, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins, to September 30, 1948","docAbstract":"The index lists the stream-flow and reservoir stations in the Hudson Bay and tipper Mississippi River Basins for which records have been or are to be published for periods prior to September 30, 1948. The stations are listed in downstream order. Tributary streams are indicated by indention.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir58","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1949, Index of surface-water records, part 5, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins, to September 30, 1948: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 58, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir58.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":337202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":30985,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0058/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef2c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3886,"text":"cir60 - 1949 - Index of surface-water records, part 12, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin, to September 30, 1948","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:45","indexId":"cir60","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60","title":"Index of surface-water records, part 12, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin, to September 30, 1948","docAbstract":"The groundwater resources of Wood County, Wisconsin, are described. Groundwater is pumped only from wells drilled in Precambrian rock in the northern two-thirds of the county. The generally low permeability of this rock limits the availability of groundwater in this area. Saturated deposits of sand and gravel yield more than 500 gal/min to wells in the southern part of the county. Background groundwater quality and indicators of groundwater-quality problems, such as elevated concentrations of nitrate, chloride, hardness, and iron, are compared by aquifer for the entire county. An elevated concentration of iron is the major water quality problem in the county. Results of water quality analysis from observation wells drilled next to abandoned landfills throughout the county indicate that groundwater in the immediate vicinity of these landfills has been affected by leachate. The report includes maps of the thickness and saturated thickness of unconsolidated deposits, a water-table map, and tables of aquifer-production and well-production data from about 1,500 drillers ' well-construction reports. 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