Liberty County is in the Gulf Coastal Plain of southeastern Texas in the second tier of counties back from the Gulf. The geologic formations discussed in this report in upward sequence consist of the Oakville sandstone of Miocene age and the Lagarto clay of Miocene (?) age, the Willis sand of Pliocene (?) age, and the Lissie formation and Beaumont clay of Pleistocene age. The rocks of these formations crop out in belts roughly parallel to the Gulf shore and dip southeastward. As one travels across San Jacinto and Liberty Counties from northwest to southeast the belts of outcrop are traversed in the above order, beginning with the 0akville sandstone and Lagarto clay. The land surface slopes southeastward toward the Gulf at a rate less than the dip of the rocks; consequently artesian conditions exist in all parts of the county. The valley of the Trinity River is well known for its flowing weds, which range from 100 to 808 feet in depth. Most of the ground water used in the county is obtained from wells ranging in depth from 350 to about 1,000 feet and is drawn from the Lissie formation. Wells yielding 1,000 to 3,500 gallons a minute and ranging from 740 to 1,030 feet in depth have been developed for rice irrigation in the North Dayton area, in the southwestern part of the county. These wells draw water mostly from sands in the Lissie formation, but most of them are also screened in overlying thinner sands in the Beaumont clay. The municipal water supplies of Liberty, Cleveland, Dayton, and Diasetta are obtained from wells ranging from 350 to 833 feet in depth with reported yields of 300 to 350 gallons a minute. Most of the wells in the rural areas are less than 50 feet in depth and furnish small supplies of water for domestic use and for stock. Such supplies can be obtained almost anywhere in the county from shallow wells in the Lissie and Beaumont formations or in alluvial deposits. The average daily withdrawal of ground water for irrigation, public supply, and industrial use is estimated to have been about 7,500,000 gallons in 1944, distributed as follows: irrigation, 6,780,000 gallons; public supply, 325,000 gallons; and industrial use, 395,000 gallons.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1079A","usgsCitation":"Alexander, W.H., and Breeding, S.D., 1950, Ground-water resources of Liberty County, Texas, with a section on Stream runoff: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1079, iv, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1079A.","productDescription":"iv, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"65","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1079a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25411,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1079a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649cc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, Walter H. Jr.","contributorId":11198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Walter","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breeding, S. D.","contributorId":65058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breeding","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":52939,"text":"ofr501 - 1950 - Ground-water conditions in the vicinity of the Veterans Hospital, Castle Point, Dutchess County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:43","indexId":"ofr501","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-1","title":"Ground-water conditions in the vicinity of the Veterans Hospital, Castle Point, Dutchess County, New York","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr501","usgsCitation":"Brashears, M., 1950, Ground-water conditions in the vicinity of the Veterans Hospital, Castle Point, Dutchess County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-1, 12 p., 1 fig., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr501.","productDescription":"12 p., 1 fig.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0001/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87046,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0001/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87047,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0001/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d0c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brashears, M.L. Jr.","contributorId":23212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brashears","given":"M.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52969,"text":"ofr5088 - 1950 - Water supplies for industry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:39","indexId":"ofr5088","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-88","title":"Water supplies for industry","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5088","usgsCitation":"Paulsen, C.G., and Hastings, W., 1950, Water supplies for industry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-88, 15 p., 4 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5088.","productDescription":"15 p., 4 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulsen, C. G.","contributorId":96239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hastings, W.W.","contributorId":11203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":52953,"text":"ofr5074 - 1950 - Estimated use of ground water in the United States, 1945","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr5074","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-74","title":"Estimated use of ground water in the United States, 1945","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5074","usgsCitation":"Guyton, W., 1950, Estimated use of ground water in the United States, 1945: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-74, 5 p.; 7 figs.; tables included in Circular 117, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5074.","productDescription":"5 p.; 7 figs.; tables included in Circular 117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":100271,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0074/report.pdf","size":"7158","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0074/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcc9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guyton, W.F.","contributorId":11688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guyton","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72098,"text":"tem20 - 1950 - Cook Property, Jefferson County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:01","indexId":"tem20","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"20","title":"Cook Property, Jefferson County, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tem20","usgsCitation":"Granger, H.C., and Beroni, E.P., 1950, Cook Property, Jefferson County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 20, 6 p. : maps ; 29 cm, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem20.","productDescription":"6 p. : maps ; 29 cm","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":256804,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0020/report.pdf","size":"313","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0020/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686503","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granger, Harry Clifford","contributorId":8832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granger","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"Clifford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beroni, Ernest P.","contributorId":9347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beroni","given":"Ernest","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71963,"text":"tei45_1 - 1950 - Shorter contributions to Alaskan trace elements studies for 1947 : Part I: Radioactivity and mineralogy of concentrates from the placers of Julian, Moore, and Candle Creeks, and the Cripple Creek Mountains, lower Yukon-Kuskokwim Highlands region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:02","indexId":"tei45_1","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"45-1","title":"Shorter contributions to Alaskan trace elements studies for 1947 : Part I: Radioactivity and mineralogy of concentrates from the placers of Julian, Moore, and Candle Creeks, and the Cripple Creek Mountains, lower Yukon-Kuskokwim Highlands region, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tei45_1","usgsCitation":"White, M., and Killeen, P., 1950, Shorter contributions to Alaskan trace elements studies for 1947 : Part I: Radioactivity and mineralogy of concentrates from the placers of Julian, Moore, and Candle Creeks, and the Cripple Creek Mountains, lower Yukon-Kuskokwim Highlands region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 45-1, 11 p. 1 fig., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei45_1.","productDescription":"11 p. 1 fig.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/045-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91052,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/045-1/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91053,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/045-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3ed1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, M.G.","contributorId":52953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Killeen, P.L.","contributorId":69959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Killeen","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71964,"text":"tei45_2 - 1950 - Shorter contributions to Alaskan trace elements studies for 1947 : Part I: Radiometric and mineralogic studies of the granitic complex in the Cape Nome area, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:02","indexId":"tei45_2","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"45-2","title":"Shorter contributions to Alaskan trace elements studies for 1947 : Part I: Radiometric and mineralogic studies of the granitic complex in the Cape Nome area, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tei45_2","usgsCitation":"West, W., and Matzko, J., 1950, Shorter contributions to Alaskan trace elements studies for 1947 : Part I: Radiometric and mineralogic studies of the granitic complex in the Cape Nome area, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 45-2, 12 p., 1 fig., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei45_2.","productDescription":"12 p., 1 fig.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/045-2/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91054,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/045-2/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91055,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/045-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649e76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"West, W.S.","contributorId":30609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matzko, J.J.","contributorId":87927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matzko","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3461,"text":"cir67 - 1950 - Progress report, investigations of fluvial sediments of the Niobrara River near Cody, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"cir67","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"67","title":"Progress report, investigations of fluvial sediments of the Niobrara River near Cody, Nebraska","docAbstract":"Comparison of sediment concentrations at a naturally contracted section on the Niobrara River near Cody, Nebraska, with those measured at the regular gaging station one quarter mile upstream, indicates that approximately 50 percent of the sediment is transported as bed load at the regular gaging station. The bed load percentage varied from 24 to 68 for the 34 determinations available, without significant correlation with water or sediment discharge. The investigation indicates that practically the total sediment load is transported in suspension at the contracted section. The normal sediment load is essentially bed material, averaging about 0.20 millimeters in diameter.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir67","usgsCitation":"Serr, E.F., 1950, Progress report, investigations of fluvial sediments of the Niobrara River near Cody, Nebraska (3 ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 67, iii, 25 p. :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir67.","productDescription":"iii, 25 p. :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1950/0067/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30473,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1950/0067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"3 ed.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65db38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Serr, Eugene Frank","contributorId":9240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serr","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"Frank","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37174,"text":"rr16 - 1950 - Notes on the biology of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo arcticus) from Philippine waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:58","indexId":"rr16","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":74,"text":"Research Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Notes on the biology of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo arcticus) from Philippine waters","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Kauffman, D.E., 1950, Notes on the biology of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo arcticus) from Philippine waters: Research Report 16, 10 p. illus., tables, diagrs., 23 cm.","productDescription":"10 p. illus., tables, diagrs., 23 cm","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696992","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauffman, Donald E.","contributorId":94920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3532,"text":"cir89 - 1950 - Coal resources of New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"cir89","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89","title":"Coal resources of New Mexico","docAbstract":"A study of water quality degradation due to brine contamination was made in an area of about 1,700 sq mi in east-central Oklahoma. The study area coincides in part with the outcrop of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer of Pennsylvanian age. Water samples collected from 180 wells completed in the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer and at 167 sites from streams draining the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer show scattered occurrences of water quality degradation by brine. Degradation of water quality by brine is indicated where: (1) chloride concentration is > or = to 400 mg/L; (2) bromide concentration is > or = 2 mg/L; (3) the ratio of sodium plus chloride to dissolved solids is > or = 0.64. Ratios of secondary importance that also indicate water quality degradation by brine in the area are: (1) a ratio of lithium to bromide < or = 0.01, when the chloride concentration is > or = 400 mg/L; (2) a sodium/chloride ratio of about 0.46; (3) a sodium/bromide ratio of about 92; and (4) a bromide/chloride ratio of about 0.0048. Values for bromide, lithium, strontium, dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate concentrations were subjected to analysis of variance based on use of the index values in partition data sets. The analysis of variance showed the significance of the indexes for all constituents except sulfate. The two most reliable brine indicators are chloride and bromide. Statistically, chloride is a slightly more reliable index than bromide. The developed indexes can be used to indicate water quality degradation by brine. Accuracy is improved if both indexes are used. When geophysical logs from 133 pairs of oil and gas wells were analyzed, data from 5 pairs of wells indicated a possible rise in the interface between fresh water and salt water in the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer. Therefore , any rise of the interface is local rather than regional. The criteria developed in this study indicate that brine has degraded water quality at 63 sites on streams draining the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer, at 15 water wells completed in the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer, and at 5 oil and gas wells penetrating the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[Interior Duplicating Section],","doi":"10.3133/cir89","usgsCitation":"Read, C.B., Duffner, R.T., Wood, G., and Zapp, A., 1950, Coal resources of New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 89, ii, 24 p. :fold. map, tables. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir89.","productDescription":"ii, 24 p. :fold. map, tables. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1950/0089/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30546,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1950/0089/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30547,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1950/0089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4804e4b07f02db4ceff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Read, Charles Brian","contributorId":68716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duffner, R. T.","contributorId":66243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, G. H.","contributorId":106096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"G. 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