This report deals with an area of 425 square miles in the western part of Texas, immediately south of the New Mexico line. The area comprises the south end of the Guadalupe Mountains and the adjacent part of the Delaware Mountains; it includes the highest peaks in the State of Texas. The area is a segment of a large mountain mass that extends 50 miles or more northward and southward. The report describes the geology of the area, that is, the nature of its rocks, tectonics, and surface features, and the evidence that they give as to the evolution of the area through geologic time. Incidental reference is made to the geology of surrounding regions in order to place the area in its environment.
The Permian system of the southwestern United States has been until recently one of the intriguing but little known subjects of American stratigraphy. In the latter half of the nineteenth century after the western. United States was settled, the \"red bed\" sections of the Permian were studied and reported on by many geologists, but up to 1920 the existence of a contemporaneous marine sequence in western Texas and southeastern New Mexico was little appreciated. Since that year the discovery of extensive oil fields and potash beds in this region gave an impetus to the study of the Permian rocks, and furnished the geologist with records of hundreds of drill holes from which to deduce the nature of the strata not exposed at the surface. At the same time geologists have studied the rocks in the outcropping areas, and have compared them with the strata encountered by drilling.
Much remains to be done in order to understand the history of Permian time in the region. The physical and chemical conditions that caused. the deposition of .the various and often complexly related deposits need to be better understood. More of the fossils of the rich and interesting marine faunas should be described, and the relations of the fossils to their environments should be determined. Further, a satisfactory scheme of correlation is needed, and also a subdivision into series that will express the contemporaneity of strata in different areas. One useful contribution to the solution of these problems is the detailed study of sequences of rocks exposed at the surface in the different mountain ranges of Texas and New Mexico.
This report deals with one such sequence of rocks in western Texas, the one exposed in the southern Guadalupe Mountains (fig. 1). Here, the Permian rocks are magnificently exposed, to a thickness of about 4,000 feet (pl. 1). They are all of marine origin, and belong to the middle part of the system, with the base concealed and the top absent. Overlying and underlying beds, however, are found in nearby areas.
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It gives the available data as follows for each of 323 communities: The population of the community; the name of the official from whom the information was obtained; the ownership of the waterworks, whether private or municipal; the source of supply, whether ground or surface water; the amount of water consumed; the facilities for storage; the number of customers served; the character of the chemical and sanitary treatment of the water, if any; and the chemical analyses of the water. Where ground water is used the following is also given: Records of wells, including drillers' logs; character of the pumping equipment; yield of the wells and water level records where they are available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1047","usgsCitation":"Sundstrom, R.W., Hastings, W., and Broadhurst, W., 1948, Public water supplies in eastern Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1047, xi, 285 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1047.","productDescription":"xi, 285 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":29223,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1047/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db65677e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sundstrom, Raymond W.","contributorId":8080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundstrom","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hastings, W.W.","contributorId":11203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Broadhurst, W. L.","contributorId":55414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broadhurst","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4111,"text":"cir25 - 1948 - Construction materials in Smith County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T09:37:40","indexId":"cir25","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"25","title":"Construction materials in Smith County, Kansas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir25","usgsCitation":"Byrne, F.E., Houston, M.S., and Mudge, M.R., 1948, Construction materials in Smith County, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 25, Report: 17 p.; 1 Plate: 39.36 x 34.65 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir25.","productDescription":"Report: 17 p.; 1 Plate: 39.36 x 34.65 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0025/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":369026,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0025/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369027,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0025/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109925,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23919.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"23919"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Smith County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.07058715820312,\n 39.54111693181781\n ],\n [\n -98.48968505859375,\n 39.54111693181781\n ],\n [\n -98.48968505859375,\n 40.00447583427404\n ],\n [\n -99.07058715820312,\n 40.00447583427404\n ],\n [\n -99.07058715820312,\n 39.54111693181781\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2eb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrne, Frank E.","contributorId":18348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrne","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houston, Max S.","contributorId":9237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Max","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mudge, Melville Rhodes","contributorId":77119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mudge","given":"Melville","email":"","middleInitial":"Rhodes","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":945,"text":"wsp968B - 1948 - Floods of the Puyallup and Chehalis River Basins, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp968B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"968","chapter":"B","title":"Floods of the Puyallup and Chehalis River Basins, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp968B","usgsCitation":"Anderson, I.E., 1948, Floods of the Puyallup and Chehalis River Basins, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 968, 61-124 p. :ill., maps (1 folded) ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp968B.","productDescription":"61-124 p. :ill., maps (1 folded) ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0968b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25445,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0968b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Irving Elmer","contributorId":25544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"Elmer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3515,"text":"cir22 - 1948 - Analytical methods as applied in petrographic investigations of Appalachian Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"cir22","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"22","title":"Analytical methods as applied in petrographic investigations of Appalachian Basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir22","usgsCitation":"Rittenhouse, G., 1948, Analytical methods as applied in petrographic investigations of Appalachian Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 22, 20 p. :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir22.","productDescription":"20 p. :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1948/0022/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30529,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1948/0022/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f8b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rittenhouse, Gordon","contributorId":96662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rittenhouse","given":"Gordon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4109,"text":"cir21 - 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Much property damage occurred in San Antonio and below, and four lives were lost. . It is the purpose of the present report to describe this flood and its relation to the flood of September 10, 1921 the greatest of record since 1819.
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The swelling was due to the formation of calcium sulphate by chemical reaction of constituents of the shale resulting from circulation of damp air in the shale bed. Remedial measures are described.
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