Floods occurred in Texas during, June, July, and November 1940 that exceeded known stages on many small streams and at a few places on the larger streams. Stages at several stream-gaging stations exceeded the maximum known at those places since the collection of daily records began. A storm, haying its axis generally on a north-south line from Cameron to Victoria and extending across the Brazos, Colorado, Lavaca, and Guadalupe River Basins, caused heavy rainfall over a large part of south-central Texas. The maximum recorded rain of 22.7 inches for the 2-day period June 29-30 occurred at Engle. Of this amount, 17.5 inches fell in the 12-hour period between 8 p.m. June 29, and 8 a.m. June 30. Light rains fell at a number of places on June 28, and additional light rains fell at many places within the area from July 1 to 4. During the period June 28 to July 4 more than 20 inches of rain fell over an area of 300 square miles, more than 15 inches over 1,920 square miles, and more than 10 inches over 5,100 square miles. The average annual rainfall for the area experiencing the heaviest rainfall during this storm is about 35 inches. Farming is largely confined to the fertile flood plains in much of the area subjected to the record-breaking floods in June and July. Therefore these floods, coming at the height of the growing season, caused severe losses to crops. Much damage was done also to highways and railways. The city of Hallettsville suffered the greatest damage of any urban area. The Lavaca River at that place reached a stage 8 feet higher than ever known before, drowned several people, destroyed many homes, and submerged almost the entire business district. The maximum discharge there was 93,100 second-feet from a drainage area of 101 square miles. Dry Creek near Smithville produced a maximum discharge of 1,879 second-feet from an area of 1.48 square miles and a runoff of 11.3 inches in a 2-day period from a rainfall of 19.5 inches. The area in the Colorado River Basin between Smithville and La Grange, amounting to 550 square miles, had an average rainfall of 19.3 inches, of which 11.5 inches appeared as runoff. The maximum discharge at La Grange was 182,000 second-feet, with much the greater part coming from below Smithville. This is probably a record-breaking flood for the area between Smithville and La Grange, but stages as much as 16 feet higher have occurred at La Grange. Heavy rainfall over the east half of Texas November 21-26 caused large floods in all streams in Texas east of the Guadalupe River. The maximum recorded rainfall for the 2-day period November 24-25 was 20.46 inches at Hempstead, of which 16.00 inches fell in 24 hours or less. The storm occurred during the period November 20-26, with the greater part of the rain falling November 23-25. During the period November 20-26, rainfall in Texas amounted to more than 15 inches over an area of 3,380 square miles, and 'to more than 10 inches over an area of 17,570 square miles. The average annual rainfall for the area in Texas experiencing more than 10 inches of rain during this storm ranges from 501 inches on the east border of the State to 35 inches near the west edge of the area. The study of this storm for the purposes of this report is limited to the San Jacinto River Basin, which had an average rainfall of 13.6 inches. This basin has an area of 2,791 square miles above the gaging station near Huffman and is typical in topographic and hydrologic features of much of eastern Texas. The stage reached at the gage near Huffman was about 1 foot higher than known before, the maximum discharge was 253,000 second-feet, and the runoff from the storm amounted to 8.8 inches. The November flood came after crops had been harvested, and its damage was mainly the destruction of highways and railways and the drowning of livestock. The storage reservoirs on the Colorado River located well upstream from the storm areas herein studied had very little effect on
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210413","usgsCitation":"Barksdale, W.L., and Thompson, R.M., 1948, Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Utukok River with notes on the Corwin-Cape Beaufort region, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 18, Report: 11 p.; 3 Figures: 41.30 x 48.90 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70210413.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; 3 Figures: 41.30 x 48.90 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401092,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210413/figure-3.pdf","text":"Figure 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401089,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210413/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401090,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210413/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401091,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210413/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":375258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74604.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210413/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Utukok River area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.25,\n 68.5\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 68.5\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -166.25,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -166.25,\n 68.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barksdale, W. L.","contributorId":14052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barksdale","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, R. M.","contributorId":13961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210410,"text":"70210410 - 1948 - Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Titaluk River and upper part of Ikpikpuk River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:06:18.624541","indexId":"70210410","displayToPublicDate":"1948-12-31T14:59:28","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Titaluk River and upper part of Ikpikpuk River, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210410","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1948, Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Titaluk River and upper part of Ikpikpuk River, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 16, Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 28.54 x 21.04 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70210410.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 28.54 x 21.04 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401083,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210410/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401082,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210410/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210410/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":375256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74602.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Titaluk River and upper part of Ikpikpuk River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 69\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW"} ,{"id":70206785,"text":"70206785 - 1948 - Application of Brianchon's theorem to construction of geologic profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T14:33:18","indexId":"70206785","displayToPublicDate":"1948-12-31T14:30:07","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of Brianchon's theorem to construction of geologic profiles","docAbstract":"Brianchon's theorem states that the three diagonals joining opposite vertices of a hexagon circumscribed about a conic are concurrent. A corollary of this theorem applies to a pentagon so that the points of tangency of an inscribed conic may be located. Any five non-concurrent straight lines in a plane, no three of which are parallel, will ordinarily form some kind of a pentagon; and if considered as tangents to a conic, they will define its shape and position. If these five lines are also normals to the traces of parallel stratigraphic surfaces having a constant strike, the derived conic may be regarded as an evolute, from which a set of involutes can be drawn that will constitute a structural profile. A method is thus afforded for constructing a profile normal to the strike of the rocks, and for measuring stratigraphic thickness, by the utilization of five observations of dip along a suitable linear traverse. Graphical methods are also given for constructing a parabolic evolute from four observations and a circular evolute from three observations. Additional points on the conic evolutes are obtained by the application of Pascal's theorem. A mathematical analysis is presented of the relationship between a conic and five of its tangents; and the conic evolute, rather than its involutes, is recommended as a satisfactory record of the structure of a parallel fold. To obtain the equation of this evolute, the equations of the five tangents are first derived, using trilinear coordinates. Thereafter the tangential and trilinear equations of the general conic are deduced. Criteria are given for classifying the conic as a hyperbola, ellipse, parabola, or circle. These graphical and analytical methods are adaptations of the general method of evolute and involutes. They are offered, not as substitutes for the general method, but as quicker, though somewhat less accurate, means of obtaining similar results, where structural conditions justify their use. © 1948, The Geological Society of America, Inc.
","language":"English ","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1948)59[767:AOBTTC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Mertie, J., 1948, Application of Brianchon's theorem to construction of geologic profiles: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 59, no. 8, p. 767-786, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1948)59[767:AOBTTC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"767","endPage":"786","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mertie, J.B. Jr.","contributorId":29383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mertie","given":"J.B.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70222222,"text":"70222222 - 1948 - Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Ipnavik River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T19:24:02.040102","indexId":"70222222","displayToPublicDate":"1948-12-31T13:49:26","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"16","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Ipnavik River, Alaska","docAbstract":"Geological Survey Party 1 returned to Umiat from Wolf Creek on August 5. Plans for the field season of 1947 called for geologic reconnaissance along part of the Ipnavik River and along the Colville River between the Ipnavik and Kurupa Rivers, to be completed before the end of the season. Since not much time remained and the traverse was long--about 70 airline miles--it was decided that the work would progress more rapidly if two parts of the traverse were worked at the same time. Accordingly, Robert F. Thurrell, Jr., and James H. Zumberge, geologists, were transported by plane from Umiat to the confluence of the Ipnavik and the Colville Rivers on August 8. From there they traversed down the Colville to the Kurupa River 1/.
The other two members of Party 1, Karl Stefansson, geologist, and Elder W. Lebert, cook, remained in Umiat until August 14 when a small plane was finally available to transport them to a camp on the Ipnavik River, about 30 airline miles southwest of the junction of the Ipnavik and the Colville Rivers. The party reached the Colville River on September 2, and arrived at Umiat on September 6.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222222","usgsCitation":"Stefansson, K., 1948, Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Ipnavik River, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 16, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70222222.","productDescription":"3 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401403,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222222/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74703.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222222/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Ipnavik River area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.5,\n 68.8833\n ],\n [\n -157.5,\n 68.8833\n ],\n [\n -157.5,\n 68.5\n ],\n [\n -156.5,\n 68.5\n ],\n [\n -156.5,\n 68.8833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stefansson, Karl","contributorId":61296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefansson","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37851,"text":"37851 - 1948 - Organizations and officials concerned with wildlife protection: 1948","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T14:03:24","indexId":"37851","displayToPublicDate":"1948-12-01T14:02:48","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"313","title":"Organizations and officials concerned with wildlife protection: 1948","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Hommel, M.L., 1948, Organizations and officials concerned with wildlife protection: 1948: Wildlife Leaflet 313, 33 p.","productDescription":"33 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd95fe4b0824b2d178604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hommel, Mary Louise","contributorId":30149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hommel","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Louise","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210416,"text":"70210416 - 1948 - Areal evaluation of petroleum possibilities of major stratigraphic units in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:07:17.612303","indexId":"70210416","displayToPublicDate":"1948-11-01T16:17:55","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"24","title":"Areal evaluation of petroleum possibilities of major stratigraphic units in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210416","usgsCitation":"Payne, T.G., 1948, Areal evaluation of petroleum possibilities of major stratigraphic units in northern Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 24, Report: 23 p.; 4 Plates: 26.09 x 11.04 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70210416.","productDescription":"Report: 23 p.; 4 Plates: 26.09 x 11.04 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210416/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":375261,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74607.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":401084,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210416/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401085,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210416/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401086,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210416/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401087,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210416/figure-3.pdf","text":"Figure 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401088,"rank":7,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210416/figure-4.pdf","text":"Figure 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.4755859375,\n 65.38514722188854\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 65.38514722188854\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 71.5944122077672\n ],\n [\n -167.4755859375,\n 71.5944122077672\n ],\n [\n -167.4755859375,\n 65.38514722188854\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, T. G.","contributorId":66777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37854,"text":"37854 - 1948 - Abstract of fur laws, 1948-49","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T11:22:52","indexId":"37854","displayToPublicDate":"1948-11-01T11:22:20","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"316","title":"Abstract of fur laws, 1948-49","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Ashbrook, F.G., 1948, Abstract of fur laws, 1948-49 (Reissued from Wildlife Leaflet BS-118 (1938)): Wildlife Leaflet 316, 42 p.","productDescription":"42 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Reissued from Wildlife Leaflet BS-118 (1938)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd95fe4b0824b2d178606","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ashbrook, Frank G.","contributorId":77980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashbrook","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215757,"text":"70215757 - 1948 - Some solutional features of the limestone near Lexington, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-28T19:58:10.057194","indexId":"70215757","displayToPublicDate":"1948-10-28T14:34:17","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some solutional features of the limestone near Lexington, Kentucky","docAbstract":"Field work on the Ordovician limestones and shales of the Lexington area, Kentucky, has shown that no appreciable quantity of ground water is transmitted through interstitial openings in these rocks. Ground-water movement is restricted to joint planes and, to a lesser extent, bedding planes that have been enlarged by solution. Studies of these planes indicate that solution has been effective only to a limited depth below the land surface. The bottom of the solutional zone is an exaggerated replica of the land surface, showing a greater depth of the solutional zone below stream valleys. The greater depth is attributed to the greater accumulation of ground water, the dissolving agent, in those areas. Modifications of the ideal condition are effected by the less soluble beds and the configuration of the land surface.
The underground drainage systems of the area develop in a manner similar to rectilinear stream patterns, showing a definite alignment along the two joint sets of the area. Directional solution has taken place where one of these joint sets has been developed to the exclusion of the other.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.43.1.39","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D., 1948, Some solutional features of the limestone near Lexington, Kentucky: Economic Geology, v. 43, no. 1, p. 39-52, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.43.1.39.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379896,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Lexington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.18798828125,\n 37.54893261064111\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 37.54893261064111\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -85.18798828125,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -85.18798828125,\n 37.54893261064111\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1948-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, D.K.","contributorId":244110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215756,"text":"70215756 - 1948 - Annual rainfall and runoff in New England ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-28T19:26:49.356451","indexId":"70215756","displayToPublicDate":"1948-10-28T14:14:43","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual rainfall and runoff in New England ","docAbstract":"The lava flows of Parícutin Volcano, Mexico, offer an exceptional opportunity to study details of lava movement, because many flows are accessible throughout their length and can be watched from their birth to the cessation of their movement. Petrographically the lavas show no significant difference from one flow to another or in different parts of the same flow. The maximum lava temperature observed was 1070°C.; the maximum estimated rate of flow was 60 meters per minute; the viscosity is probably on the order of 105 to 106 poises. The flows start in fissure zones cutting older Parícutin lavas near the southwest base of the volcano. Within a short distance of its orifice a flow is covered with cooled blocks which are broken and slightly abraded as they are carried downstream. Differential movement in a flow takes place principally at its edges, where a reddish breccia and grooved and slickensided surfaces form. Like a glacier, a lava flow develops transverse crescentic ridges and lateral moraines. At its front movement is normally effected by the rolling forward of molten lava within, which carries down cooled blocks from the surface and piles them up ahead of the flow. As a flow dies the lava level lowers in the channel, and small side tongues break through the moraines. Some Parícutin lavas move considerable distances beneath older lava. The longest flow, which covered the town of San Juan in 1944, has a surface of rough curved slabs very different from the blocky surface of other flows but similar to the surface structures developed near lava orifices and by movement of viscous lava through fissures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1948)59[1267:LMAPVM]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krauskopf, K., 1948, Lava movement at Parícutin Volcano, Mexico : GSA Bulletin, v. 59, no. 12, p. 1267-1284, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1948)59[1267:LMAPVM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1267","endPage":"1284","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379885,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Michoacan","otherGeospatial":"Paricutin Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.5848388671875,\n 19.150357455407473\n ],\n [\n -102.073974609375,\n 19.150357455407473\n ],\n [\n -102.073974609375,\n 19.756364230752375\n ],\n [\n -102.5848388671875,\n 19.756364230752375\n ],\n [\n -102.5848388671875,\n 19.150357455407473\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauskopf, K.B.","contributorId":28943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauskopf","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215754,"text":"70215754 - 1948 - Submarine geology of Bikini atoll ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-29T12:34:05.344607","indexId":"70215754","displayToPublicDate":"1948-10-28T13:23:35","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine geology of Bikini atoll ","docAbstract":"The program of investigations made in connection with the atomic bomb tests in the summer of 1946 at Bikini Atoll provided a rare opportunity for obtaining information on the physiography and sediments of atolls. The outer slopes around Bikini Atoll rise from a depth of about 2500 fathoms in a long gradually steepening curve. Between 0 and 200 fathoms the average slope is 25°. On the windward side, the reef at the top of the slope is bordered by a narrow 15-fathom terrace, but on the leeward side by a steep, locally vertical, cliff extending to 35 fathoms. Contours of the outer slopes reveal that a flat-topped mass having nearly the area of Bikini lagoon but below 700 fathoms extends to the northwest. The lagoon itself is saucer-shaped and has a maximum depth of 34 fathoms. Around the lagoon and bordering the inner side of the reef and islands is a 12-fathom terrace. Coral knolls rise abruptly from the lagoon floor, and some of them reach to within a few fathoms of the surface. The middle of the lagoon is floored chiefly by algal debris, whereas the shallow edges are covered by algal and foraminiferal sand. Coral comprises a relatively small percentage of the bottom materials. The outer slopes consist of algal debris grading outward to fine sand and finally to Globigerina sand.