The occurrence of abundant ground-water supplies in the lower Platte River Valley has made possible the present agricultural and industrial economy of the area. Likewise, the future development of the area is dependent on the wise use of this important resource. The current investigation, on which this report is based, is a necessary step in the planning for the greatest ultimate utilization of the water resources in the lower Platte River Valley.
The area covered by this study is the floor of the lower Platte River Valley between North Platte and Fremont and embraces about 2,500 square miles. The entire valley floor is underlain by unconsolidated Pleistocene sediments which consist of clay, silt, sand and gravel and range in thickness from less than 20 feet to nearly 200 feet. Westward from Cozad these sediments were deposited in a valley entrenched in bedrock, but east of Cozad they are continuous with similar deposits which underlie the adjacent uplands. Bedrock formations of Tertiary age are in contact with the basal Pleistocene sediments from the west end of the area to about Central City. From Central City eastward, formations of Cretaceous age immediately underlie the Pleistocene deposits.
The Pleistocene sediments and underlying pervious formations are water saturated below depths which range from less than 1 foot to about 90 feet below the surface. In general, the configuration of the water table is similar to the topography of the land surface, but the relief on the water table is considerably less by comparison. Movement of ground water is either toward the river or parallel to it. Based on present information, movement of ground water out of the valley is not indicated but additional water-level control is needed south of the valley between Grand Island and Columbus to determine the possibility of ground-water loss in this stretch of the valley.
Periodic observations of water-table fluctuations have constituted an important phase of ground-water studies in the lower Platte River Valley. Examination of water-level data collected by the Geological Survey in cooperation with the Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska indicates that water levels throughout most of the valley between Gothenburg and Grand Island declined during the 9-year period, December 1930 to December 1939. The maximum net declines observed during this period were a little greater than 4 feet. During the period December 1939 to December 1946, water levels recovered throughout much of the same area; in local areas on the south side of the Platte River between North Platte and Overton water levels rose in excess of 10 feet as a result of seepage losses tram canals and irrigated lands. However, north of Wood River in western Hall County water levels continued to decline to the extent that in at least 3 observation wells water levels in December 1946 were more than 5 feet lower than in December 1930.
Water levels were measured monthly in 1946 and bimonthly in 1947 in observation wells located throughout the area covered by this report. During this period water levels fluctuated through a range of about 3 feet, the lowest levels being reached in September 1946 and the highest levels being reached in July 1947. Average fluctuations between successive measurements were a little less than 0.4 foot. The amount of ground-water discharge in the summer months of 1947 was approximately double that of the previous summer. However, replenishment to groundwater storage during the fall of 1946 and the spring of 1947 was sufficiently great that the amount of water in storage in the valley as a whole at the end of the 2-year period was essentially equal to the amount in storage at the beginning of the period. At the end of 1947 the Dawson and Buffalo County areas showed gains to storage whereas the remainder of the valley suffered vary slight losses during the same 2 years.
The quantity of ground water that a water-bearing material will yield is dependent upon the hydrologic properties of the material. Two hydrologic properties of greatest importance are permeability and specific yield. During the course of the present investigation 5 pumping tests were conducted to determine the coefficients of permeability and storage of the Pleistocene deposits. The values of the former range from 955 to 4,925 and the latter tram 0.007. to 0.236 attar 24 hours of pumping.
The mineral character of the ground water has been determined from analyses of samples, of which 15 represented municipal supplies and 3 were irrigation waters. Ground waters analyzed for this report contained variable amounts of dissolved solids ranging from 240 to 1,060 parts per million, with hardness values above limits considered desirable tor public supplies. The increased concentration of dissolved solids for ground waters in the western part of the valley as a result of return flow conditions, is noted. Ground waters in the valley are discussed as to suitability for municipal and irrigation uses, and analyses of samples do not reveal any serious condition that would adversely affect the use of these waters for the purposes intended. As irrigation increases, periodic chemical analyses of ground waters in this area will be required to evaluate the effects of the re-use of drainage waters and to provide information for salinity control.
Ground-water supplies are drawn upon extensively for irrigation purposes, for municipal supplies, and for rural, domestic and stock supplies. Nearly 4,000 irrigation wells are known to exist in the area, the greatest concentrations of these being in Dawson, Buffalo, and Hall Counties.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir20","usgsCitation":"Waite, H.A., and Swenson, H.A., 1949, Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the lower Platte River Valley, Nebraska, with a section on the chemical quality of the ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 20, Report: v, 211 p.; 4 plates: 43.75 x 22.00 inches or less , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir20.","productDescription":"Report: v, 211 p.; 4 plates: 43.75 x 22.00 inches or less ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30314,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0020/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":30313,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0020/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":30315,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0020/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":30316,"rank":301,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0020/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":337200,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0020/plate-9.pdf","text":"Plate 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Lower Platte River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.27319335937499,\n 41.47566020027821\n ],\n [\n -96.35009765625,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -96.800537109375,\n 41.66470503009207\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 41.63186741069748\n ],\n [\n -97.44873046875,\n 41.549700145132725\n ],\n [\n -97.822265625,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -98.250732421875,\n 41.45919537950706\n ],\n [\n -98.50341796875,\n 41.236511201246216\n ],\n [\n -98.82202148437499,\n 41.08763212467916\n ],\n [\n -99.0966796875,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -99.55810546875,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -100.65673828125,\n 41.244772343082076\n ],\n [\n -101.162109375,\n 41.244772343082076\n ],\n [\n -101.458740234375,\n 41.19518982948959\n ],\n [\n -101.458740234375,\n 41.054501963290505\n ],\n [\n -101.14013671875,\n 40.93841495689795\n ],\n [\n -100.887451171875,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -100.283203125,\n 40.730608477796636\n ],\n [\n -99.931640625,\n 40.622291783092706\n ],\n [\n -99.459228515625,\n 40.463666324587685\n ],\n [\n -98.87695312499999,\n 40.50544628405211\n ],\n [\n -98.20678710937499,\n 40.772221877329024\n ],\n [\n -97.822265625,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -97.48168945312499,\n 41.20345619205131\n ],\n [\n -97.152099609375,\n 41.261291493919884\n ],\n [\n -96.78955078125,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -96.427001953125,\n 41.269549502842565\n ],\n [\n -96.27319335937499,\n 41.47566020027821\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, Herbert A.","contributorId":40973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swenson, Herbert A.","contributorId":93461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3409,"text":"cir63 - 1949 - The chromograph, a new analytical tool for laboratory and field use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir63","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"63","title":"The chromograph, a new analytical tool for laboratory and field use","docAbstract":"Water supplies in the Greater Atlanta Region, Georgia, are obtained mainly from surface-water sources, but there is concern that these sources may be unable to meet rising demands. This study indicates that large quantities of good-quality ground water are obtainable from selected sites in the crystalline rocks of the area. Hydrogeologic investigations of 1,051 wells that produce 20 to nearly 500 gallons per minute revealed that large supplies can be developed where favorable structural, stratigraphic, and topographic features result in localized increases in bedrock permeability. These features are described in detail and methods are presented for using them in selecting sites for locating high-producing wells. Most of the site-selection methods are applicable to the north half of the report area, which has rectangular and trellis drainage systems, but their use is restricted in the south half where a dendritic drainage system predominates. Borehole geophysical logs and core drilling revealed that some of the highest production wells derive water from 1- to 8-inch wide horizontal fractures. These fractures occur in a variety of topographic settings and are believed to be stress-relief fractures. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir63","usgsCitation":"Stevens, R.E., and Lakin, H.W., 1949, The chromograph, a new analytical tool for laboratory and field use: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 63, 11 p. :illus. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir63.","productDescription":"11 p. :illus. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0063/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30427,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0063/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669493","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Rollin Elbert","contributorId":43745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Rollin","email":"","middleInitial":"Elbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lakin, Hubert William","contributorId":54578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lakin","given":"Hubert","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2774,"text":"wsp1069 - 1949 - Public water supplies in central and north-central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:34:43","indexId":"wsp1069","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1069","title":"Public water supplies in central and north-central Texas","docAbstract":"This report gives a summarized description of the public water supplies in 35 counties of central and north-central Texas, extending from the southern boundaries of Travis, Blanco, Gillespie, and Kerr Counties northward to the TexasOklahoma State line. It gives the available data as follows for each of the 145 communities: Population of the community; name of the official from whom the information was obtained; ownership of water works, whether private or municipal source of supply, whether ground water or surface water; the amount of water consumed; the facilities for storage; the number of customers served; the character of the chemical and sanitary treatment, if any; and chemical analyses of the water. Where ground water is used, the following is also given: Records of wells, including drillers' logs; character of the pumping equipment; yields of the wells, and records of water levels, if available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1069","usgsCitation":"Sundstrom, R.W., Broadhurst, W., and Dwyer, B., 1949, Public water supplies in central and north-central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1069, vii, 128 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1069.","productDescription":"vii, 128 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":29222,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1069/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4382","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sundstrom, Raymond W.","contributorId":8080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundstrom","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Broadhurst, W. L.","contributorId":55414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broadhurst","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dwyer, B.C.","contributorId":53774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2255,"text":"wsp1078 - 1949 - Ground-water supplies of the Ypsilanti area, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T14:35:34","indexId":"wsp1078","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1078","title":"Ground-water supplies of the Ypsilanti area, Michigan","docAbstract":"As of the date of this report (August 1945), the major water users in the Ypsilanti area are: (1) the city of Ypsilanti, (2) the Willow Run bomber plant, built by the Federal Government and operated by the Ford Motor Co., and (3) the war housing project of the Federal Public Housing Authority, designated in this report the Willow Run Townsite. The city, bomber plant, and townsite have required large quantities of water for domestic and industrial uses, and the necessary water supplies have been developed from wells. The Federal Works Agency had the responsibility of deciding whether the existing water facilities were adequate to meet the expected demands and determining the character of any additional public water-supply facilities that might be constructed with Federal assistance. In order to appraise the ground-water resources of the area the Federal Works Agency requested the Geological Survey to investigate the adequacy of the existing supplies and the availability of additional water. The present report is the result of the investigation, which was made in cooperation with the Michigan Geological Survey Division.
The water supplies of the three major users are obtained from wells penetrating glacial and associated sands and gravels. Supplies for the city of Ypsilanti and the Willow Run bomber plant are obtained from wells in the valley of the Huron River; the supply for the Willow Run Townsite is obtained from wells penetrating glacial gravels underlying the upland northeast of the valley. The bedrock formations of the area either yield little water to wells or yield water that is too highly mineralized for most uses.
The water supply for the bomber plant is obtained from three closely spaced, highly productive wells at the northern edge of the Huron River, a little more than 3 miles southeast of Ypsilanti. The water receives complete treatment in a modern treatment plant. River water also can be treated and has been used occasionally in the winter and spring. The average daily pumpage during periods of maximum production at the bomber plant has been 4.5 to 4.75 million gallons. On June 30, 1945, production of bombers was suspended, and the plant went on a. maintenance basis.
The water supply of the bomber-plant well field is replenished by recharge from precipitation and from the Huron River. The evidence shows that recharge from the river is one of the principal sources of water and gives assurance both of the adequacy of the present supply and of the availability of additional water if needed. The safe yield of the three existing wells is estimated to be not less than 6 million gallons per day.
The Ypsilanti public water supply is obtained from three tubular wells drilled in 1943, which replaced a number of suction-pumped tubular wells and one large dug well. All the wells penetrate sand and gravel in the bend of the Huron River in the southeastern part of Ypsilanti. The water is treated in a modern treatment plant completed in 1939. The average daily pumpage in million gallons was about 1.68 in 1942, 1.70 in 1943, and 1.66 in 1944. Considerable water was furnished to the Willow Run bomber plant from the Ypsilanti public-supply system during the period from August 1941 through March 1943.
The available information indicates that the water pumped from the Ypsilanti well field is replenished by ground-water flow from adjacent stretches of the Huron Valley and from the upland areas outside the valley, from precipitation on the valley in the vicinity of the well field, and possibly from the Huron River. It is believed that sufficient water can be obtained from the well field to meet the expected demand for a considerable time. The safe yield of the present wells is estimated to be not less than 3 million gallons per day, and detailed pumping tests might show that still larger supplies could be safely developed.
The water supply of the Willow Run Townsite is obtained from four wells in two well fields about 2 miles apart, one well in the northwest or Prospect and Geddes Road field, and three wells in the southeast or Wiard Road field. The pumpage was originally expected to be 2 to 3 million gallons per day, but it averaged only about 450,000 gallons per day from March 1943 through June 1945.
The evidence afforded by logs of wells and by pumping tests indicates that the water-bearing gravels at the townsite are covered by relatively impermeable materials and thus that the rate of recharge is low. However, only relatively small declines in water level have occurred during more than 2 years' operation of the wells, indicating that recharge may occur nearby. The safe yield of the present wells is estimated to be 1.0 to 1.5 million gallons per day, and detailed pumping tests might show it to be somewhat greater. The water supply of the Willow Run Townsite has the smallest potential capacity of the three major ground-water supplies in the area; however, the demand has been relatively small, and no difficulty should arise unless this demand increases greatly.
The investigation involved the drilling of 13 test wells to locate additional ground-water supplies, on the assumption that the wartime demand for water in the Ypsilanti area might increase beyond the capacity of the present sources. All 13 wells were drilled at sites selected by the Geological Survey. Two wells on the Willow Run Townsite were drilled by the Federal Public Housing Authority and 11 at other sites by the Federal Works Agency. Records of the wells are given in the report and discussed with respect to the availability of water at the different sites; similarly, the results of the controlled pumping tests made on four of the test wells drilled by the Federal Works Agency are analyzed and discussed with respect to the availability of additional water. The combined results of the test drilling and the pumping tests show that emergency supplies of several million gallons per day can be developed at the sites of the test wells. The best site shown by the test drilling is on the south bank of the Huron River opposite the bomber-plant well field, where a Well with a capacity of several thousand gallons per minute could be constructed if necessary. Three wells in the outwash-filled valley now occupied by Fleming Creek, on two of which pumping tests were made, show that emergency supplies ranging from a few hundred thousand to a million gallons per day could be developed at these test-well sites if necessary. Smaller Supplies ranging from a gallon or two per minute to perhaps 100,000 or 200,000 gallons per day could be developed at the sites of the remaining test Wells.
Pumping tests made on the supply wells of the three major water users by the consulting-engineering firms who designed the systems are analyzed and discussed briefly by the authors.
The report includes maps and graphs showing the surficial geology of the area, the location of wells, and fluctuations of water level in selected wells. Alsp included are tables giving data on water levels and pumpage, chemical analyses of representative ground waters, and records of wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Works Agency and the Geological Survey Division, Michigan Department of Conservation","usgsCitation":"McGuinness, C., Poindexter, O., and Otton, E., 1949, Ground-water supplies of the Ypsilanti area, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1078, Document: v, 105 p.; 5 Plates: 14.0 x 14.5 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1078.","productDescription":"Document: v, 105 p.; 5 Plates: 14.0 x 14.5 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1078/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28033,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1078/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28034,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1078/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28035,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1078/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28036,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1078/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28037,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1078/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28038,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1078/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Ypsilanti","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.75289916992188,\n 42.09618442380296\n ],\n [\n -83.75289916992188,\n 42.42548395494743\n ],\n [\n -83.5235595703125,\n 42.42548395494743\n ],\n [\n -83.5235595703125,\n 42.09618442380296\n ],\n [\n -83.75289916992188,\n 42.09618442380296\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b13e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuinness, Charles L.","contributorId":32902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuinness","given":"Charles L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poindexter, O.F.","contributorId":57050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poindexter","given":"O.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otton, E. 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G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":41442,"text":"ofr4911 - 1949 - Preliminary geologic map of the Dagmar No. 4 quadrangle, Montana-North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:06","indexId":"ofr4911","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49-11","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Dagmar No. 4 quadrangle, Montana-North Dakota","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr4911","usgsCitation":"Witkind, I.J., 1949, Preliminary geologic map of the Dagmar No. 4 quadrangle, Montana-North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 49-11, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4911.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":98422,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0011/plate-1.pdf","size":"9040","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":98423,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0011/plate-2.pdf","size":"2102","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67ba57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witkind, Irving Jerome","contributorId":87517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkind","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerome","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":225027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72403,"text":"tei58 - 1949 - Second interim report - black shale investigations (Chattanooga)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"tei58","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"58","title":"Second interim report - black shale investigations (Chattanooga)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tei58","usgsCitation":"Conant, L.C., 1949, Second interim report - black shale investigations (Chattanooga): U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 58, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei58.","productDescription":"26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/058/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91118,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/058/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91119,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/058/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc26c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conant, Louis C.","contributorId":83921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conant","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71178,"text":"tei86 - 1949 - Geologic guides to carnotite deposits on the Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:01","indexId":"tei86","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86","title":"Geologic guides to carnotite deposits on the Colorado Plateau","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tei86","usgsCitation":"Fischer, R.P., and Blackman, D., 1949, Geologic guides to carnotite deposits on the Colorado Plateau: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 86, 13 p., 5 fig., map, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei86.","productDescription":"13 p., 5 fig., map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/086/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":90583,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a561a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, Richard Philip","contributorId":94283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blackman, Doris","contributorId":11711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackman","given":"Doris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4337,"text":"cir46 - 1949 - Interpreting ground conditions from geologic maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T13:01:49","indexId":"cir46","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"46","title":"Interpreting ground conditions from geologic maps","docAbstract":"Intelligent planning for heavy construction, water supply, or other land utilization requires advance knowledge of ground conditions in the area. It is essential to know:
These elements usually are considered in planning land developments that involve much investment; detailed surveys generally are made of the topography, geology, soils, and hydrology at the site selected for development. Such detailed surveys are essential, but equally essential and often overlooked is the need for general surveys prior to site selection.
Only if the general surveys have been made is it possible to know that a particular site is most suitable for the purpose and that no situations in the tributary areas that might affect the project have been overlooked. Moreover, the general regional relations must be known in order to properly interpret the geology, soils, and hydrology at a particular locality. In brief, both the general and the specific are needed in order to avoid costly mistakes either during or after development.
The accompanying maps illustrate how a general geologic map can be used for interpreting grc .d conditions during a planning stage prior to site selection. The topographic and geologic maps, which provide the basic data, have been simplified from some existing ones. The interpretive sheets are intended to provide some examples of the kinds of information that trained persons can read from such basic maps.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir46","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1949, Interpreting ground conditions from geologic maps: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 46, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir46.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31447,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfeb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13012,"text":"ofr4914 - 1949 - Corundum deposits of Montana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13012,"text":"ofr4914 - 1949 - Corundum deposits of Montana","indexId":"ofr4914","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"title":"Corundum deposits of Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":34003,"text":"b983 - 1952 - Corundum deposits of Montana","indexId":"b983","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"title":"Corundum deposits of Montana"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":34003,"text":"b983 - 1952 - Corundum deposits of Montana","indexId":"b983","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"title":"Corundum deposits of Montana"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:51","indexId":"ofr4914","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49-14","title":"Corundum deposits of Montana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr4914","usgsCitation":"Clabaugh, S.E., 1949, Corundum deposits of Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 49-14, 168 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4914.","productDescription":"168 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684315","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clabaugh, Stephen Edmund","contributorId":19567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clabaugh","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"Edmund","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215454,"text":"70215454 - 1949 - Geochemical prospecting for ores; a progress report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T15:20:43.428962","indexId":"70215454","displayToPublicDate":"1950-10-20T12:35:12","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical prospecting for ores; a progress report","docAbstract":"Methods of prospecting for mineral deposits by means of chemical studies of residual soil, alluvium, glacial moraine, vegetation, and natural water were first applied on a systematic scale in Scandinavia and Russia about 15 years ago. Since the war, work in this field has been undertaken by several independent groups in the United States and Canada, including the Geochemical Prospecting Unit of the U. S. Geological Survey.Best results have been obtained by systematic analysis of zinc in residuum, ground water, and vegetation; copper and lead in gossan and residuum; tin in residuum and alluvium; molybdenum in residuum; and cobalt, nickel, and gold in vegetation. In addition, studies of plant ecologies and toxicity symptoms in vegetation in relation to metal-rich soil appear to be promising.Rapid colorimetric and spectrographic tests for traces of metals in soil, water, and vegetation have been developed for use under field conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.44.8.706","usgsCitation":"Hawkes, H.E., 1949, Geochemical prospecting for ores; a progress report: Economic Geology, v. 44, no. 8, p. 706-712, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.44.8.706.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"706","endPage":"712","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1949-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hawkes, Herbert Edwin","contributorId":36226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70094925,"text":"70094925 - 1949 - The U.S.G.S. phosphate-fluoride-iodate method for the determination of very small amounts of thorium in naturally occurring materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-24T14:54:49","indexId":"70094925","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-13T14:06:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"The U.S.G.S. phosphate-fluoride-iodate method for the determination of very small amounts of thorium in naturally occurring materials","docAbstract":"Detailed procedures are presented for the determination of very small percentages of thorium. The methods are designed to determine 0.001% of thorium oxide as the lower limit and are applicable to nearly all types of rocks. For quantities below a milligram of ThO2, the thorium is determined nephelometrically as the iodate or photemetrically with p-dimethylamineasephenylarsonic acid. For quantities of thorium above one milligram of ThO2, the thorium is determined gravimetrically. A discussion of the important feature of the methods and a summary of the more important experimental work that lead to the adoption of the procedures.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/70094925","usgsCitation":"Crimaldi, F., and Fairchild, J., 1949, The U.S.G.S. phosphate-fluoride-iodate method for the determination of very small amounts of thorium in naturally occurring materials, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70094925.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"27","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70094925.jpg"},{"id":284820,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70094925/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355959de4b0120853e8c26f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crimaldi, F.S.","contributorId":72298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crimaldi","given":"F.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fairchild, J.G.","contributorId":104982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70102161,"text":"70102161 - 1949 - Les rivières et les sources de la Plaine du Cul-de-Sac: extrait du rapport sur les eaux souterraines de la Plaine du Cul-de-Sac","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T13:28:40","indexId":"70102161","displayToPublicDate":"1950-01-01T14:14:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Les rivières et les sources de la Plaine du Cul-de-Sac: extrait du rapport sur les eaux souterraines de la Plaine du Cul-de-Sac","docAbstract":"Les principales rivières de la Plaine du Cul-de-Sac, la Rivière Grise ou Grande Rivière du Cul-de-Sac et la Rivière Blanche, prennent naissance sur le flanc Nord du Massif de la Selle à des altitudes de 1,300 à 1,800 mètres au dessus du niveau de la mer. Elles coulent à l’amont à travers des gorges profondes et sont éloignées de 9 Kms. dans la partie central de la bordure Sud de la plaine.","language":"French","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70102161","usgsCitation":"Taylor, G.C., and Lemoine, R.C., 1949, Les rivières et les sources de la Plaine du Cul-de-Sac: extrait du rapport sur les eaux souterraines de la Plaine du Cul-de-Sac, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70102161.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286645,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70102276/report.pdf"}],"country":"Haiti","otherGeospatial":"Plaine Du Cul-de-sac;Rivi�re Blanche;Rivi�re Grise","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.6187,18.4186 ], [ -72.6187,18.8623 ], [ -71.6218,18.8623 ], [ -71.6218,18.4186 ], [ -72.6187,18.4186 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594aae4b0120853e8c04b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, George C. Jr.","contributorId":22767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemoine, Remy C.","contributorId":38476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemoine","given":"Remy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210419,"text":"70210419 - 1949 - Ostracoda from well, shot hole, and outcrop samples in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-25T21:07:00.215612","indexId":"70210419","displayToPublicDate":"1949-12-31T16:57:44","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"27","title":"Ostracoda from well, shot hole, and outcrop samples in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4","docAbstract":"The ostracodes described in this report are from material collected in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, northern Alaska. The samples were obtained from well and seismograph shot holes drilled by Arctic Contractors and United States Geophysical Company and from field samples collected by the United States Geological Survey in the period from 1945 to 1948/ The earliest samples were processed for microfossils in Washington, but most of the material was prepared in the Fairbanks Laboratory of the Geological Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210419","usgsCitation":"Swain, F., 1949, Ostracoda from well, shot hole, and outcrop samples in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 27, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70210419.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396530,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210419/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":375263,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74608.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":401100,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210419/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.9375,\n 67.47492238478702\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 67.47492238478702\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 71.37110941823617\n ],\n [\n -165.9375,\n 71.37110941823617\n ],\n [\n -165.9375,\n 67.47492238478702\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Frederick M.","contributorId":100458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Frederick M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210422,"text":"70210422 - 1949 - Interpretation from aerial photographs and geologic structures of the central Colville River area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:10:34.986293","indexId":"70210422","displayToPublicDate":"1949-12-31T14:08:01","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"30","title":"Interpretation from aerial photographs and geologic structures of the central Colville River area, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210422","usgsCitation":"Fischer, W., 1949, Interpretation from aerial photographs and geologic structures of the central Colville River area, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 30, Report: 11 p.; 1 Figure: 41.00 x 14.89 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70210422.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; 1 Figure: 41.00 x 14.89 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":375267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74610.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210422/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":401106,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210422/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401107,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210422/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"200000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158,\n 69.25\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 69.25\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 69.75\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 69.75\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 69.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, William A.","contributorId":47787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"William A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":836497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210420,"text":"70210420 - 1949 - Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Avalik and Ketik Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-25T21:12:12.058432","indexId":"70210420","displayToPublicDate":"1949-12-31T13:37:52","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"28","title":"Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Avalik and Ketik Rivers","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210420","usgsCitation":"Stefansson, K., and Mangus, M.D., 1949, Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Avalik and Ketik Rivers: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 28, Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 23.61 x 21.36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70210420.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 23.61 x 21.36 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401104,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210420/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401103,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210420/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":375265,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74609.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210420/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Avalik and Ketik Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.6667,\n 69.5833\n ],\n [\n -158.1667,\n 69.5833\n ],\n [\n -158.1667,\n 70.1667\n ],\n [\n -159.6667,\n 70.1667\n ],\n [\n -159.6667,\n 69.5833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stefansson, Karl","contributorId":61296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefansson","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangus, Marvin D.","contributorId":81556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangus","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220005,"text":"70220005 - 1949 - The relation between earth movements and volcanism in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-16T17:46:49.962126","indexId":"70220005","displayToPublicDate":"1949-12-31T12:42:20","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relation between earth movements and volcanism in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado","docAbstract":"The late Tertiary volcanism in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado followed a long interval during which the crust was stable. The volcanic rocks have been divided into four main groups, (1) those of pre‐Potosi (?) age in the eastern area, (2) the Lake Fork quartz latite, San Juan tuff, and Silverton volcanic series, (3) the Potosi volcanic series and the Fischer quartz latite, and (4) the Hinsdale formation separated by long intervals without eruptions. Each of the groups is made up of rocks from basalt to rhyolite with chemical and other peculiarities. During the eruption of a group there was little deformation but there was subsidence after the eruption of two of the groups and doming after the eruption of the last group.
The magma moved into the area from the sides and was erupted about as rapidly as it moved.in. For the group named the Potosi volcanic series, the first eruptions had a composition near that of the primary magma ‐ dark quartz latites. Their eruption was followed by a short time without eruptions during which the magma became layered by crystal settling. The next eruptions were rhyolites followed abruptly, probably because of active movement of magna by dark quartz latites. The process was repeated three times.
Subsidence caused by withdrawal of magma followed, and after a long time a new and different magma moved into the area and yielded the rocks of the Hinsdale formation. After the Hinsdale, a magma intruded the area with subsequent doming, but without eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Larsen, E.S., 1949, The relation between earth movements and volcanism in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 6, p. 862-866.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"862","endPage":"866","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.45703125,\n 37.12966595484084\n ],\n [\n -106.6058349609375,\n 37.12966595484084\n ],\n [\n -106.6058349609375,\n 38.449286817153556\n ],\n [\n -108.45703125,\n 38.449286817153556\n ],\n [\n -108.45703125,\n 37.12966595484084\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Esper S. Jr.","contributorId":39029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Esper","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206701,"text":"70206701 - 1949 - Problems of Pleistocene Stratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-18T12:39:19","indexId":"70206701","displayToPublicDate":"1949-12-31T12:35:39","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Problems of Pleistocene Stratigraphy","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[1463:POPS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Ray, L., 1949, Problems of Pleistocene Stratigraphy: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, no. 9, p. 1463-1474, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[1463:POPS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"1463","endPage":"1474","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369284,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ray, L.L.","contributorId":73741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206699,"text":"70206699 - 1949 - Alpine glaciation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-18T12:32:10","indexId":"70206699","displayToPublicDate":"1949-12-31T12:28:14","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alpine glaciation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[1475:AG]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Ray, L., 1949, Alpine glaciation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60 , no. 9 , p. 1475-1484, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[1475:AG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"1475","endPage":"1484","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60 ","issue":"9 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ray, L.L.","contributorId":73741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215455,"text":"70215455 - 1949 - Buried preglacial ground water channels in the Albany-Schenectady area in New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T17:30:20.685977","indexId":"70215455","displayToPublicDate":"1949-12-01T12:52:09","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Buried preglacial ground water channels in the Albany-Schenectady area in New York","docAbstract":"A map is presented showing contours of the buried preglacial channel of the Mohawk River from Schenectady, New York, to its confluence with the Hudson River about 12 miles south of Albany and of associated buried preglacial channels. The Pleistocene history of a portion of the Mohawk and Hudson Rivers is discussed, and the relation of buried valleys to ground-water supplies is indicated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.44.8.713","usgsCitation":"Simpson, E.S., 1949, Buried preglacial ground water channels in the Albany-Schenectady area in New York: Economic Geology, v. 44, no. 8, p. 713-720, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.44.8.713.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"720","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Albany-Schenectady","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.2291259765625,\n 42.459940352216556\n ],\n [\n -73.54248046875,\n 42.459940352216556\n ],\n [\n -73.54248046875,\n 43.06086137134326\n ],\n [\n -74.2291259765625,\n 43.06086137134326\n ],\n [\n -74.2291259765625,\n 42.459940352216556\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1949-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Eugene S.","contributorId":116654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175756,"text":"70175756 - 1949 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:57:02","indexId":"70175756","displayToPublicDate":"1949-11-17T10:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":105,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters","usgsCitation":"Prior, C.H., 1949, Magnitude and frequency of floods in Minnesota: Bulletin 1, 128 p.","productDescription":"128 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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