Improved understanding of the origin of produced volatiles from conventional reservoirs and unconventional source rocks is critical for petroleum exploration and production. A series of hydrous heating experiments using two immature Type II siliciclastic source rocks, Pennsylvanian Turner Mine shale (TMS) and Devonian New Albany Shale (NAS), at 130 °C over one to two years were conducted to assess gas generation at low temperature. Elemental sulfur (ES) was added to the NAS samples to evaluate the role of sulfur on thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The produced volatile composition was investigated in situ using Raman spectroscopy at the end of the heating experiments. Results show that the two source rocks yield different types and concentrations of volatiles. Only CH4 and CO2 were detected following hydrous heating of the TMS source rock in contrast to CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and CO2 which were observed in experiments using NAS. Variations in the produced volatiles are likely the result of compositional differences within the respective source rock organic matter. Experiments involving ES show strong H2S signals that are likely due to the formation of H2S from the reaction of ES with water at 130 °C. H2S signals correlate with a greater relative concentration of CH4 and CO2 compared to experiments where ES was not added, on a time-normalized basis. The correlation between the presence of H2S and an increase in CH4 and CO2 concentration could indicate the occurrence of TSR. Here we propose that H2S in siliciclastic shale can be generated in the presence of ES at low temperatures via both disproportionation of ES into H2S and SO42–, and TSR. Our findings from this study provide experimental evidence that may aid efforts to interpret the origin of H2S in low-temperature sedimentary basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2019.103901","usgsCitation":"Alrowaie, M., Jubb, A., Schimmelmann, A., Mastalerz, M., and Pratt, L., 2019, Hydrous heating experiments at 130°C yield insights into the occurrence of hydrogen sulfide and light alkanes in natural gas reservoirs: Organic Geochemistry, v. 137, 103901, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2019.103901.","productDescription":"103901, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-105974","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"137","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alrowaie, M.A.","contributorId":217903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alrowaie","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37145,"text":"Indiana University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jubb, Aaron M. 0000-0001-6875-1079","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-1079","contributorId":201978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jubb","given":"Aaron M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":217904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37145,"text":"Indiana University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mastalerz, M.","contributorId":217905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33640,"text":"Indiana Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pratt, L.M.","contributorId":217906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pratt","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37145,"text":"Indiana University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70215401,"text":"70215401 - 2019 - Preface—Evaluating the response of critical zone processes to human impacts with sediment source fingerprinting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-18T15:04:05.341997","indexId":"70215401","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-31T09:58:39","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2457,"text":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preface—Evaluating the response of critical zone processes to human impacts with sediment source fingerprinting","docAbstract":"1) Background: Critical Zone Processes in the Anthropocene\n\nThe Earth’s Critical Zone encompasses a suite of interconnected processes in the near-surface lithosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere (Brantley et al., 2007; Lin, 2010) (Fig. 1). Processes and interactions both within and between these various Critical Zone components supports life-sustaining ecosystem services and resources that establish the foundation for humanity (NRC, 2001). This includes the formation production of fertile soils, flourishing vegetation, productive rivers, lakes and oceans, and our life-sustaining atmosphere (Gaillardet, 2014; Guo and Lin, 2016).\n\nRapid population growth, land use intensification, and global environmental change are disturbing many of these fundamental Critical Zone processes. More than half of the Earth’s terrestrial surface is now impacted by anthropogenic activities (e.g., clearing, grazing, plowing, mining, and logging) (Hooke et al., 2012; Richter and Mobley, 2009). These changes are so widespread and pervasive that the great acceleration of socioeconomic development that occurred around 1950 (Fig. 2) has been recommended to delineate the dawn of the Anthropocene (Waters et al., 2016). Although the utility of adopting and delineating the Anthropocene as the current epoch is subject to debate (Crutzen, 2002; Ruddiman et al., 2015; Smith and Zeder, 2013), the concept effectively highlights both the nature and the extent of our global impact on Earth’s Critical Zone. \n\nSoil forming processes and ecosystem services provided by the pedosphere are central to the Critical Zone (Banwart et al., 2011; Lin, 2010). Many of these processes have been disturbed by the agricultural intensification that coincided with the great acceleration resulting in unsustainable land use practices now outpacing soil formation processes (Brantley et al., 2007). As agricultural landscapes now cover an area equivalent to what was scoured during the last glacial maximum (Amundson et al., 2007), the broad-scale intensification of anthropogenic activities has resulted in significant on- and off-site impacts. On-site, soil loss has resulted in decreases in soil fertility and agricultural yields (Ladha et al., 2009) threatening the ability to feed the world’s growing population (Brantley et al., 2007). Off-site, the excess delivery of particulate matter downstream is degrading riverine, lacustrine, and estuarine ecosystems (Bilotta and Brazier, 2008; Clark, 1985; Owens et al., 2005).\nThe challenge, as noted by Brantley et al., (2007), is that despite our society having over 10,000 years of experience working with soils, our conceptual and quantitative models remain inadequate at predicting Critical Zone dynamics under current conditions. Notwithstanding growing pressure for improved environmental management, we still have a limited capacity to predict changes in the Critical Zone in response to anthropogenic activities owing to the multiple spatial and temporal scales at which these complex processes and feedbacks are manifest. As river basin systems are impacted by many of these processes, a deep understanding of soil-sediment continuum dynamics may provide a valuable framework for evaluating the disturbance response of Critical Zone processes. Understanding these processes may also provide land and resource managers with the information necessary to manage both the on-site and off-site effects of accelerated soil erosion.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11368-019-02409-0","usgsCitation":"Laceby, J.P., Gellis, A.C., Koiter, A.J., Blake, W.H., and Evrard, O., 2019, Preface—Evaluating the response of critical zone processes to human impacts with sediment source fingerprinting: Journal of Soils and Sediments, v. 19, p. 3245-3254, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02409-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3245","endPage":"3254","ipdsId":"IP-109272","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02409-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":379500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laceby, J. Patrick","contributorId":243321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laceby","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":48685,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, 3115 – 12 Street NE Calgary, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gellis, Allen C. 0000-0002-3449-2889 agellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-2889","contributorId":197684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"Allen","email":"agellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koiter, Alexander J.","contributorId":243322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koiter","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":48686,"text":"Department of Geography and Environment, Brandon University, 270 18th St, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blake, Will H.","contributorId":243323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blake","given":"Will","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48687,"text":"School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evrard, Olivier","contributorId":243324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evrard","given":"Olivier","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48688,"text":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, UMR 8212 (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200916,"text":"70200916 - 2019 - Right-lateral fault motion along the slope-basin transition, Gulf of Santa Catalina, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T09:44:43","indexId":"70200916","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-31T09:43:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Right-lateral fault motion along the slope-basin transition, Gulf of Santa Catalina, southern California","docAbstract":"An active fault system carrying a significant component of right-lateral strike-slip motion extends for ~60 km along the slope–basin transition, ~10 to 20 km offshore of the southern California coast from La Jolla to Dana Point. From south to north, this fault system includes the Carlsbad, San Onofre, and San Mateo fault zones. High-resolution single channel minisparker and chirp seismic reflection data gathered from 2006 to 2011 reveal complex and variable fault zones that are generally characterized by nearly vertical to steeply east-dipping faults with a reverse slip component. The Carlsbad fault zone shows evidence of reverse motion followed by normal separation and probably also includes a component of strike-slip offset. The San Onofre fault zone shows clear evidence of right-lateral slip, offsetting submarine gullies near the base of the slope by approximately 60 m. North of these offset gullies, the base of the slope bends about 30° to the west, following the trend of the San Mateo fault zone, but strands of the San Onofre fault zone trend obliquely up slope, appearing to merge with the Newport–Inglewood fault zone at the shelf edge. These San Onofre fault strands consist of several en echelon left-stepping segments separated by “pop-up” structures, which imply a significant component of right-lateral offset that may serve to transfer right-lateral slip from faults along the base of the slope to the Newport–Inglewood fault zone. Using approximate base Quaternary and base Holocene reflections, segments of the Carlsbad and San Onofre fault zones appear to have experienced right-lateral motion in the Holocene, whereas deformation along the San Mateo fault zone appears to represent a period of mostly pre-Quaternary transpression.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From the Mountains to the Abyss: The California Borderland as an Archive of Southern California Geologic Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","usgsCitation":"Conrad, J., Brothers, D., Coble, K., Holly F. Ryan, Dartnell, P., and Sliter, R., 2019, Right-lateral fault motion along the slope-basin transition, Gulf of Santa Catalina, southern California, chap. of From the Mountains to the Abyss: The California Borderland as an Archive of Southern California Geologic Evolution, v. 110, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-093176","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":359434,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sedimentary-geology-store.com/catalog/book/mountains-abyss-california-borderland-archive-southern-california-geologic-evolution"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Santa Catalina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.79791259765625,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -117.04010009765625,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -117.04010009765625,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -118.79791259765625,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -118.79791259765625,\n 32.55144352864431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cochran, Susan 0000-0002-2442-8787 scochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8787","contributorId":210619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan","email":"scochran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751276,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Conrad, James 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":210620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, Daniel","contributorId":210621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coble, Katherine","contributorId":210622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coble","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holly F. Ryan","contributorId":210623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holly F. Ryan","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":210624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sliter, Ray 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":210625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204623,"text":"70204623 - 2019 - Remote sensing as the foundation for high-resolution United States landscape projections – The Land Change Monitoring, assessment, and projection (LCMAP) initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-07T09:37:29","indexId":"70204623","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-31T09:35:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing as the foundation for high-resolution United States landscape projections – The Land Change Monitoring, assessment, and projection (LCMAP) initiative","docAbstract":"The Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection (LCMAP) initiative uses temporally dense Landsat data and time series analyses to characterize landscape change in the United States from 1985 to present. LCMAP will be used to explain how past, present, and future landscape change affects society and natural systems. Here, we describe a modeling framework for producing high-resolution (spatial and thematic) landscape projections at a national scale, using a unique parcel-based modeling framework. The methodology was tested by modeling 11 land use scenarios and 3 climate realizations for the U.S. Great Plains. Results demonstrate 1) an ability to balance competing land-use demands from quite variable, complex scenarios, 2) urban growth that matches theoretical future patterns, 3) the value of remote sensing data sources for model parameterization and for deriving landscape parcels, and 4) a pragmatic approach that facilitates the development of high thematic- and spatial-resolution projections at a national scale.
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dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-27T14:32:40.30044","indexId":"70211319","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-31T09:23:13","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"22","title":"Agri-tourism and rural outdoor recreation in the US: A framework for understanding economic and employment dynamics","docAbstract":"Agri-tourism and rural outdoor recreation are positioned at an important intersection between agricultural, natural resource, economic development and rural issues. This chapter summarizes some of the important dynamics of these sectors, including the role of land use, regional drivers, motivations for farmers and travelers, and economic impacts. As a means to illustrate several key points, highlights of several case studies, papers and reports about rural outdoor and agricultural tourism are summarized. 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slag and its potential to remove phosphate and neutralize acid","docAbstract":"Iron and steel slags from legacy and modern operations in the Chicago-Gary area of Illinois and Indiana, USA, are predominantly composed of Ca (10 - 44 wt. % CaO), Fe, (0.3 - 28 wt. % FeO), and Si (10 - 44 wt. % SiO2), with generally lesser amounts of Al (< 1 15 wt. % Al2O3), Mg (2 11 wt. % MgO), and Mn (0.3 9 wt. % MnO). Mineralogy is dominated by CaMgAl silicates, FeCa oxides, Ca-carbonates, and high temperature SiO2 phases. Chromium and Mn concentrations in most samples may be environmentally significant based on comparison with generic soil contaminant guidelines. However, simulated weathering tests suggest these elements are present in generally insoluble phases making use in water treatment applications possible; generation of high pH and alkaline solutions may be an issue. As for water treatment applications, batch and flow-through experiments document effective removal of phosphate from synthetic solutions for nearly all slag samples. Air-cooled fine fractions (< 10 mm) of modern slag were most effective; other types, including modern granulated, modern air-cooled coarse fractions (> 10 mm), and legacy slag removed phosphate, but to a lesser degree. An additional water treatment application is the use of slag to neutralize acidic waters. Most slag samples are extremely alkaline and have high net neutralization potentials (NNP) (400 830 kg CaCO3/t), with the highest approximately equivalent to 80% the neutralization potential of calcite. Overall, phosphate removal capacity and NNP correlate positively with total Ca content and the dissolution of Ca minerals facilitates secondary Ca phosphate formation and consumes acid during hydrolysis. Utilizing locally available slag to treat waste or agricultural waters in this region may be a higher value alternative than use in construction, potentially offsetting restoration costs to degraded legacy areas and decreasing steel manufacturers current waste footprint.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/min9080468","usgsCitation":"Piatak, N.M., Seal,, R., Hoppe, D.A., Green, C.J., and Buszka, P.M., 2019, Geochemical characterization of iron and steel slag and its potential to remove phosphate and neutralize acid: Minerals, v. 9, no. 8, 468, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/min9080468.","productDescription":"468, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-109123","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467407,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min9080468","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385609,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9X7SPIK","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Geochemical characterization, acid neutralization potential, and phosphate removal capacity of modern and legacy iron and steel slag from the Chicago-Gary area of Illinois and Indiana, USA"}],"volume":"9","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":193010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoppe, Darryl Andre 0000-0003-3369-5577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3369-5577","contributorId":225586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoppe","given":"Darryl","email":"","middleInitial":"Andre","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, Carlin J. 0000-0002-6557-6268 cjgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6557-6268","contributorId":193013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Carlin","email":"cjgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buszka, Paul M. 0000-0001-8218-826X pmbuszka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8218-826X","contributorId":1786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buszka","given":"Paul","email":"pmbuszka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70203774,"text":"fs20193034 - 2019 - U.S. Geological Survey response to chronic wasting disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-01T07:27:53","indexId":"fs20193034","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-30T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-3034","displayTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey Response to Chronic Wasting Disease","title":"U.S. Geological Survey response to chronic wasting disease","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is focused on the development of early detection and effective response tools that promote an adaptive management approach to chronic wasting disease (CWD). USGS scientists across the United States are working to understand the biology of CWD, assess and predict the spread and persistence in wildlife and the environment, and develop tools for early detection and control.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193034","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, M.C., and Soileau, S.C., 2019, U.S. Geological Survey response to chronic wasting disease: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019–3034, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193034.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-107455","costCenters":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366033,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3034/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":366000,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3034/fs20193034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2019-3034"}],"contact":"Associate Director, Ecosystems
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Mail Stop 300
Reston, VA 20192
Nutrients, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus, are necessary for healthy aquatic communities to thrive, but if nutrient concentrations are too high, water quality can be degraded and natural aquatic communities may be destroyed. Nutrients consistently have been listed nationally as one of the top five causes of stream and river impairments, and agriculture consistently has been identified as the leading known source. The Mississippi River watershed was identified as a top priority for nutrient reductions because of the predominant agricultural land use, the associated harmful effects of nutrient loading on local water bodies, and the resulting annual midsummer northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic “dead” zone. In 2010, the Natural Resources Conservation Service started the Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative, which offers financial and technical assistance for voluntary conservation practices on agricultural lands. The intention is to reduce nutrient and sediment export to waterways within the Mississippi River watershed. The U.S. Geological Survey Missouri Water Science Center and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources began a cooperative study in 2010 to compare temporal changes in total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in the Lower Grand River.
Despite increases in conservation practice funding from the Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative during 2011–15 for the Lower Grand River, decreases in flow-normalized total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations during this same period at the Grand River site were less than at the other long-term Missouri River tributary sites that did not receive additional funding. The flow-normalized total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations at the three long-term Missouri River tributary sites were related to the amount of agricultural land use within their watersheds and livestock manure may be a substantial source of stream nitrogen. Monthly total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations within the Lower Grand River increased with increased streamflow, indicating that the major sources of nitrogen and phosphorus are runoff or nutrients that are stored in soils within the streambank that mobilize during higher streamflows. Programs such as the Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative are intended to encourage voluntary agricultural conservation practices to enhance soil health and reduce nutrient export to streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Krempa, H.M., 2019, Nutrients in northern Missouri streams: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019–3038, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193038.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-091415","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366037,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3038/fs20193038.pdf","text":"Report","size":"861 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2019–3038"},{"id":366036,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3038/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.2,\n 39.2\n ],\n [\n -92.5,\n 39.2\n ],\n [\n -92.5,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -95.2,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -95.2,\n 39.2\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
Gradients of fire severity in dry conifer forests can be associated with variation in understory floristic composition. Recent work in dry conifer forests in California, USA, has suggested that more severely burned stands contain more thermophilic taxa (those associated with warmer and drier conditions), and that forest disturbance may therefore accelerate floristic shifts already underway due to climate change. However, it remains unknown how rapidly thermophilic taxa shifts occur following disturbance, how long such shifts are likely to persist, and how different thermophilic post‐disturbance communities are from pre‐disturbance communities.
Colorado Front Range, USA.
We investigated these questions using a unique 15‐year vegetation plot dataset that captures pre‐ and post‐fire understory community composition across a gradient of fire severity in dry conifer forests, classifying taxa using the biogeographic affinity concept.
Thermophilization (defined here as a decrease in the ratio of cool‐mesic taxa to warm‐xeric taxa, based on biogeographic affinity of paleobotanical lineages) was observed as early as one year post‐fire for all fire severity classes, but was stronger at sites that burned at higher severity. The ratio of cool‐mesic to warm‐xeric taxa recovered to pre‐fire levels within 10 years in stands that burned at low severity, but not in stands that burned at moderate or high severity. The process of thermophilization after high‐severity fire appears to be driven primarily by the gain of warm‐xeric taxa that were absent before the fire, but losses of cool‐mesic taxa, which did not return during the duration of the study, also played a role.
Decreases in canopy cover appear to be a main contributor to understory thermophilization. Fine‐scale heterogeneity in post‐fire forest structure is likely an important driver of floristic diversity, creating the microclimatic variation necessary to maintain floristic refugia for species mal‐adapted to increasingly warm and dry conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jvs.12796","usgsCitation":"Stevens, J., Miller, J., and Fornwalt, P.J., 2019, Fire severity and changing composition of forest understory plant communities: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 30, p. 1099-1109, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12796.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1099","endPage":"1109","ipdsId":"IP-104215","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.68435668945312,\n 39.10875135935859\n ],\n [\n -105.30532836914062,\n 39.10875135935859\n ],\n [\n -105.30532836914062,\n 39.35659979720227\n ],\n [\n -105.68435668945312,\n 39.35659979720227\n ],\n [\n -105.68435668945312,\n 39.10875135935859\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Jens 0000-0002-2234-1960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2234-1960","contributorId":222191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Jens","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":804777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Jesse","contributorId":147734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Jesse","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16916,"text":"Dept. of Zoology, University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fornwalt, Paula J.","contributorId":196676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fornwalt","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70205899,"text":"70205899 - 2019 - Reduced soil macropores and forest cover reduce warm-season baseflow below ecological thresholds in the upper Delaware River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-09T12:58:42","indexId":"70205899","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-30T12:53:41","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reduced soil macropores and forest cover reduce warm-season baseflow below ecological thresholds in the upper Delaware River Basin","docAbstract":"We examined the impacts of changes in land cover and soil conditions on the flow regime of the upper Delaware River Basin using the Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER). We simulated flows for two periods, circa 1600 and 1940, at three sites using the same temperature and precipitation conditions: the East Branch (EB), West Branch (WB), and mainstem Delaware River at Callicoon, NY. The 1600 period represented pristine forest and soils. The 1940 period included reduced forest cover, increased agriculture, and degraded soils with reduced soil macropore fractions. A model-sensitivity test examined the impact of soil macropore and land cover change separately. We assessed changes in flow regimes between the 1600 and 1940 periods using a variety of flow statistics, including established ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA) thresholds. Reduced forest soil macropore fraction significantly reduced summer and fall base flows. The 1940 period had significantly lower Q50 flows (50% exceedance) than the 1600 period, as well as summer and fall Q90 and Q75-90 flows below the ELOHA thresholds. The 1- to 7-day minimum flows were also lower for the 1940 period, by 17% on the mainstem. 1940 flows were 6% more likely than the 1600 period to fall below the low-flow threshold for federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) habitat. In contrast, the 1940 period had higher flows than the 1600 period from late fall to early winter.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12777","usgsCitation":"Endreny, T.A., Kwon, P.Y., Williamson, T.N., and Evans, R., 2019, Reduced soil macropores and forest cover reduce warm-season baseflow below ecological thresholds in the upper Delaware River Basin: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 55, no. 5, p. 1268-1287, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12777.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1268","endPage":"1287","ipdsId":"IP-091449","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Upper Delaware River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -74.3389892578125,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -74.3389892578125,\n 42.85583308674893\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 42.85583308674893\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 40.9964840143779\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Endreny, Theodore A.","contributorId":195489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Endreny","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwon, Peter Yong Seuk","contributorId":219658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kwon","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"Yong Seuk","affiliations":[{"id":34139,"text":"Anchor QEA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williamson, Tanja N. 0000-0002-7639-8495 tnwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-8495","contributorId":198329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Tanja","email":"tnwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Richard","contributorId":216306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204576,"text":"70204576 - 2019 - Characterizing crop water use dynamics in the Central Valley of California using landsat-derived evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-07T08:59:41","indexId":"70204576","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-30T12:20:01","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing crop water use dynamics in the Central Valley of California using landsat-derived evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"Understanding how different crops use water over time is essential for planning and managing water allocation, water rights, and agricultural production. The main objective of this paper is to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of crop water use in the Central Valley of California using Landsat-based annual actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from 2008 to 2018 derived from the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model. Crop water use for 10 crops is characterized at multiple scales. The Mann–Kendall trend analysis revealed a significant increase in area cultivated with almonds and their water use, with an annual rate of change of 16,327 ha in area and 13,488 ha-m in water use. Conversely, alfalfa showed a significant decline with 12,429 ha in area and 13,901 ha-m in water use per year during the same period. A pixel-based Mann–Kendall trend analysis showed the changing crop type and water use at the level of individual fields for all of Kern County in the Central Valley. This study demonstrates the useful application of historical Landsat ET to produce relevant water management information. Similar studies can be conducted at regional and global scales to understand and quantify the relationships between land cover change and its impact on water use.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs11151782","usgsCitation":"Schauer, M., and Senay, G., 2019, Characterizing crop water use dynamics in the Central Valley of California using landsat-derived evapotranspiration: Remote Sensing, v. 15, no. 11, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11151782.","productDescription":"22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-085933","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11151782","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":366308,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"15","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schauer, Matthew 0000-0002-4198-3379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4198-3379","contributorId":216909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schauer","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":216910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":767617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70204757,"text":"70204757 - 2019 - Toward sustainable environmental quality: Priority research questions for North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T11:00:39","indexId":"70204757","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-30T10:55:32","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward sustainable environmental quality: Priority research questions for North America","docAbstract":"Anticipating, identifying, and prioritizing strategic needs represent essential activities by research organizations. Decided benefits emerge when these pursuits engage globally important environment and health goals, including the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. To this end, horizon scanning efforts can facilitate identification of specific research needs to address grand challenges. We report and discuss 40 priority research questions following engagement of scientists and engineers in North America. These timely questions identify the importance of stimulating innovation and developing new methods, tools, and concepts in environmental chemistry and toxicology to improve assessment and management of chemical contaminants and other diverse environmental stressors. Grand challenges to achieving sustainable management of the environment are becoming increasingly complex and structured by global megatrends, which collectively challenge existing sustainable environmental quality efforts. Transdisciplinary, systems‐based approaches will be required to define and avoid adverse biological effects across temporal and spatial gradients. Similarly, coordinated research activities among organizations within and among countries are necessary to address the priority research needs reported here. Acquiring answers to these 40 research questions will not be trivial, but doing so promises to advance sustainable environmental quality in the 21st century.
Director,
Utah Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2329 West Orton Circle
Salt Lake City, Utah 84119-2047
801-908-5000
Luminescence holds unique potential as a sediment tracer and provenance method. The tracer application of luminescence has key advantages including ease of measurement, relatively low cost, and applicability to geologically ubiquitous quartz and feldspar sand and silt. These advantages can help answer fundamental questions about geomorphology, sediment transport, sediment production, and the tectonic/climatic controls on source‐to‐sink sedimentary systems. There is a notable body of research on luminescence as a sediment tracer. These tracer methods range from identifying source locations based on unique luminescence characteristics, to observing changes in luminescence characteristics with transport, to using residual luminescence to infer rates of transport. Previous applications of luminescence include provenance and quantification of fluvial transport rate, tracing of coastal longshore drift, estimations of mixing rates in soil or sediment, and provenance of wind‐blown deposits. The few studies that compare luminescence methods with nonluminescence tracer methods show good agreement. However, more work is needed to test the application of luminescence tracers in sediments. Future research directions should focus on comparing luminescence‐based with nonluminescence tracer methods. Furthermore, research is needed on the effects of specific geomorphic processes on luminescence characteristics and residual doses. While there is significant potential for future research, luminescence is already a useful sediment tracer and provenance tool applicable to a wide range of geomorphic environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019RG000646","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Gray, H., Jain, M., Sawakuchi, A., Mahan, S.A., and Tucker, G.E., 2019, Luminescence as a sediment tracer and provenance tool: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 57, no. 3, p. 987-1017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000646.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"987","endPage":"1017","ipdsId":"IP-103269","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019rg000646","text":"External Repository"},{"id":374156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Harrison J. 0000-0002-4555-7473","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4555-7473","contributorId":207019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Harrison J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jain, Mayank","contributorId":224229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jain","given":"Mayank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawakuchi, Andre","contributorId":224230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawakuchi","given":"Andre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tucker, Gregory E.","contributorId":177811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70263611,"text":"70263611 - 2019 - Rupture branching structure of the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa, California earthquake inferred from explosion-generated fault-zone trapped waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-18T15:52:39.94825","indexId":"70263611","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-30T09:51:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Rupture branching structure of the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa, California earthquake inferred from explosion-generated fault-zone trapped waves","title":"Rupture branching structure of the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa, California earthquake inferred from explosion-generated fault-zone trapped waves","docAbstract":"We present evidence for multiple fault branches of the West Napa fault zone (WNFZ) based on fault‐zone trapped waves (FZTWs) generated by two explosions that were detonated within the main surface rupture zone produced by the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake. The FZTWs were recorded by a 15‐kilometer‐long dense (100 m spacing) linear seismic array consisting of 155 4.5‐hertz three‐component seismometers that were deployed across the surface ruptures and adjacent faults in Napa Valley in the summer of 2016. The two explosions were located ∼3.5 km north and ∼5 km south of the 2016 recording array. Prominent FZTWs, with large amplitudes and long wavetrains following the P and S waves, are observed on the seismograms. We analyzed FZTW waveforms in both time and frequency domains to characterize the branching structure of subsurface rupture zones along the WNFZ. The 2014 surface rupture zone was ∼12 km in length along the main trace of the WNFZ, which appears to form an ∼400–600‐meter‐wide low‐velocity waveguide to depths in excess of 5–7 km. Seismic velocities within the main rupture are reduced by 40%–50% relative to the surrounding‐rock velocities. Within 1.5 km of the main trace of the WNFZ, there are at least two subordinate fault traces that formed 3‐ to 6‐kilometer‐long surface breaks during the 2014 mainshock. Our modeling suggests that these subordinate fault traces are also low‐velocity waveguides that connect with the main rupture at depths of ∼2–3 km, forming a flower structure. FZTWs were also recorded at seismic stations across the Carneros fault (CF), which is ∼1 km west of the WNFZ; this suggests that the CF connects with the WNFZ at shallow depths, even though the CF did not experience surface rupture during the 2014 Mw 6.0 mainshock. 3D finite‐difference simulations of recorded FZTWs imply a branching structure along multiple fault strands associated with the WNFZ.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120180181","usgsCitation":"Li, Y., Catchings, R.D., and Goldman, M., 2019, Rupture branching structure of the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa, California earthquake inferred from explosion-generated fault-zone trapped waves: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 109, no. 5, p. 1907-1921, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120180181.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1907","endPage":"1921","ipdsId":"IP-102139","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Napa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.53268348510989,\n 38.51201947250749\n ],\n [\n -122.53268348510989,\n 38.149075614312096\n ],\n [\n -122.13781239621281,\n 38.149075614312096\n ],\n [\n -122.13781239621281,\n 38.51201947250749\n ],\n [\n -122.53268348510989,\n 38.51201947250749\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Yong-Gang","contributorId":178873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Yong-Gang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, Mark 0000-0002-0802-829X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":205863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203755,"text":"ofr20191068 - 2019 - South Atlantic Water Science Center Strategic Science Plan: 2019–23","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-30T14:34:41","indexId":"ofr20191068","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-30T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1068","displayTitle":"South Atlantic Water Science Center Strategic Science Plan: 2019–23","title":"South Atlantic Water Science Center Strategic Science Plan: 2019–23","docAbstract":"The South Atlantic Water Science Center Strategic Science Planning Team has developed a unified strategic science plan to guide the science vision of the South Atlantic Water Science Center (SAWSC) in response to the merging of the Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina Water Science Centers. This plan proposes a path forward to keep SAWSC science activities relevant to the many diverse needs of stakeholders in the South Atlantic region (Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina) and considers the hydrologic setting and issues of the region. This plan advises the creation of five working groups to address five priority science topics for the period 2019–23 and beyond. The five priority science topics are (1) Foundational Data, (2) Effects of Land-Use Change, (3) Coastal Plain Science, (4) Water Availability, and (5) Hazards. From the goals laid forth in this plan for each priority science topic, the working groups plan to devise a set of strategic actions and milestones to be achieved by the SAWSC to provide valuable and relevant data, research, and assessments in the South Atlantic region. In this report, the “South Atlantic region” is used to describe the area encompassed by the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191068","usgsCitation":"Cuffney, T.F., Garcia, A.M., Horowitz, A.J., LaFontaine, J.H., Landmeyer, J.E., McKee, A.M., McSwain, K.B., Painter, J.A., Shelton, J.M., and Smith, C.A., 2019, South Atlantic Water Science Center strategic science plan—2019–23: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1068, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191068.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-090584","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365956,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1068/ofr20191068.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1068"},{"id":365955,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1068/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Stephenson Center, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
Don Swanson has profoundly influenced generations of volcanologists and has made major contributions to our understanding of both silicic and basaltic volcanic systems. He provides an exceptional example of how a gifted scientist can develop entirely new paradigms related to large-scale problems on the basis of decades of study, as exemplified by his work on the emplacement of flood basalts, monitoring and forecasting volcanic eruptions, the development of lava flows and domes, and the explosive nature of Kīlauea Volcano. Don has maintained exceptional productivity even while playing major leadership and management roles in science, and his research is intrinsically geological and rooted in painstaking fieldwork that is both collaborative and interdisciplinary.
This volume recognizes Don’s career accomplishments by emphasizing his careful approach to volcanology and highlighting meticulous field observations as the basis for better understanding how volcanoes work.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field volcanology: A tribute to the distinguished career of Don Swanson","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2018.2538(000)","usgsCitation":"Poland, M.P., Garcia, M.O., Camp, V.E., and Grunder, A.L., 2019, Don Swanson: A field volcanology career worth celebrating, chap. of Field volcanology: A tribute to the distinguished career of Don Swanson: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 538, p. v-x, https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2538(000).","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"v","endPage":"x","ipdsId":"IP-099473","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2538(000)","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"538","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, Michael O.","contributorId":225524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":36402,"text":"University of Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Camp, Victor E.","contributorId":236848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camp","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grunder, Anita L.","contributorId":194549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grunder","given":"Anita","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204791,"text":"70204791 - 2019 - Introduction to special issue on gas hydrate in porous media: Linking laboratory and field‐scale phenomena","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-09T09:50:21","indexId":"70204791","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-29T10:37:47","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to special issue on gas hydrate in porous media: Linking laboratory and field‐scale phenomena","docAbstract":"The proliferation of drilling expeditions focused on characterizing natural gas hydrate as a potential energy resource has spawned widespread interest in gas hydrate reservoir properties and associated porous media phenomena. Between 2017 and 2019, a Special Section of this journal compiled contributed papers elucidating interactions between gas hydrate and sediment based on laboratory, numerical modeling, and field studies. Motivated mostly by field observations in the northern Gulf of Mexico and offshore Japan, several papers focus on the mechanisms for gas hydrate formation and accumulation, particularly with vapor phase gas, not dissolved gas, as the precursor to hydrate. These studies rely on numerical modeling or laboratory experiments using sediment packs or benchtop micromodels. A second focus of the Special Section is the role of fines in inhibiting production of gas from methane hydrate, controlling the distribution of hydrate at a pore scale, and influencing the bulk behavior of seafloor sediments. Other papers fill knowledge gaps related to the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments and advance new approaches in coupled thermal-mechanical modeling of these sediments during hydrate dissociation. Finally, one study addresses the long-standing question about the fate of methane hydrate at the molecular level when CO2 is injected into natural reservoirs under hydrate-forming conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2019JB018186","usgsCitation":"Ruppel, C.D., Lee, J.Y., and Pecher, I., 2019, Introduction to special issue on gas hydrate in porous media: Linking laboratory and field‐scale phenomena: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 124, no. 8, p. 7525-7537, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018186.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"7525","endPage":"7537","ipdsId":"IP-109000","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jb018186","text":"External Repository"},{"id":366596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":195778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Joo Yong","contributorId":218160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Joo","email":"","middleInitial":"Yong","affiliations":[{"id":39769,"text":"KIGAM South Korea","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pecher, Ingo","contributorId":218161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pecher","given":"Ingo","affiliations":[{"id":39770,"text":"U. of Auckland, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204624,"text":"70204624 - 2019 - Uncertainty of reference pixel soil moisture averages sampled at SMAP core validation sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-07T09:41:38","indexId":"70204624","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-29T09:40:15","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty of reference pixel soil moisture averages sampled at SMAP core validation sites","docAbstract":"Despite extensive efforts to maximize ground coverage and improve upscaling functions within core validation sites (CVS) of the NASA Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) mission, spatial averages of point-scale soil moisture observations often fail to accurately capture the true average of the reference pixels. Therefore, some level of pixel-scale sampling error from in situ observations must be considered during the validation of SMAP soil moisture retrievals. Here, uncertainties in the SMAP core site average soil moisture (CSASM) due to spatial sampling errors are examined and their impact on CSASM-based SMAP calibration and validation metrics is discussed. The estimated uncertainty (due to spatial sampling limitations) of mean CSASM over time is found to be large, translating into relatively large sampling uncertainty levels for SMAP retrieval bias when calculated against CSASM. As a result, CSASM-based SMAP bias estimates are statistically insignificant at nearly all SMAP CVS. In addition, observations from temporary networks suggest that these (already large) bias uncertainties may be underestimated due to under-sampled spatial variability. The unbiased root-mean-square error (ubRMSE) of CSASM is estimated via two approaches: classical sampling theory and triple collocation, both of which suggest that CSASM ubRMSE is generally within the range 0.01 to 0.02 m3/m3. Although limitations in both methods likely lead to underestimation of ubRMSE, the results suggest that CSASM captures the temporal dynamics of the footprint-scale soil moisture relatively well and is thus a reliable reference for SMAP ubRMSE calculations. Therefore, spatial sampling errors are revealed to have very different impacts on efforts to estimate SMAP bias and ubRMSE metrics using CVS data.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Soceity","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-19-0049.1","usgsCitation":"Chen, F., Crow, W., Cosh, M., Colliander, A., Asanuma, J., Berg, A., Bosch, D., Caldwell, T., Holifield-Collins, C., Martinez-Fernandez, J., McNairn, H., Starks, P., Su, Z., and Walker, J., 2019, Uncertainty of reference pixel soil moisture averages sampled at SMAP core validation sites: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 20, no. 8, p. 1553-1569, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-19-0049.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1553","endPage":"1569","ipdsId":"IP-109001","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0049.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":366327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Fan","contributorId":217917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Fan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39715,"text":"SSAI/Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crow, W.T","contributorId":217918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crow","given":"W.T","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39716,"text":"Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cosh, M.H.","contributorId":217919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cosh","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39717,"text":"SSAI/Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colliander, A.","contributorId":217920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colliander","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Asanuma, J.","contributorId":217921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asanuma","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39718,"text":"University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Berg, A.","contributorId":217922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berg","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39719,"text":"Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bosch, D.D.","contributorId":217923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bosch","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39720,"text":"Southeast Watershed Research Lab, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Tifton, GA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Caldwell, Todd 0000-0003-4068-0648","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-0648","contributorId":217924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Todd","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Holifield-Collins, C.","contributorId":217925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holifield-Collins","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39721,"text":"Southwest Watershed Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Tucson, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Martinez-Fernandez, J.","contributorId":217926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez-Fernandez","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39722,"text":"University of Salamanca, Villamayor, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McNairn, H.","contributorId":217927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNairn","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39723,"text":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Starks, P.J.","contributorId":217928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Starks","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39724,"text":"Grazinglands Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, El Reno, OK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Su, Z.","contributorId":217929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Su","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39725,"text":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observations (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Walker, J.P.","contributorId":217930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39726,"text":"Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70205056,"text":"70205056 - 2019 - Identifying changing precipitation extremes in Sub-Saharan Africa with gauge and satellite products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T09:14:48","indexId":"70205056","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-29T09:11:41","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying changing precipitation extremes in Sub-Saharan Africa with gauge and satellite products","docAbstract":"Sparse gauge networks in Sub-Saharan Africa limit our ability to identify changing precipitation extremes with in situ observations. Given the potential for satellite and satellite-gauge precipitation products to help, we investigate how daily gridded gauge and satellite products compare for seven core climate change precipitation indices. According to a new gauge-only product, the Rainfall estimates on a Gridded Network (REGEN), there were notable changes in Sub-Saharan Africa precipitation characteristics between 1950 and 2013 in well-gauged areas. We examine these trends and how these vary for wet, intermediate, and dry areas. For a 31 year period of overlap we compare REGEN data, other gridded products, and three satellite products. Then for 1998-2013 we compare a set of twelve satellite products. Finally, we compare spatial patterns of 1983-2013 trends across all of Sub-Saharan Africa. \nRobust 1950-2013 trends indicate that in well-gauged areas extreme events became wetter, particularly in wet areas. Annual totals decreased due to fewer rain days. Since the 1980s were increases in average precipitation intensity and annual maximum 1-day totals. These trends only represent 15% of Sub-Saharan Africa, however, and only one tenth of the main wet areas. Unfortunately, gauge and satellite products do not provide consensus for wet area trends. A promising result for identifying regional changes is that numerous satellite products do well at interannual variations in precipitation totals and number of rain days- as well as some gauge-only products. Products perform less well for dry spell length and average intensity and worst for annual maximum 1-day totals. TRMM 3B42 and CHIRPS ranked highest for multiple indices. Several products have seemingly unrealistic trends outside of the well-gauged areas that may be due to influence of non-stationary systematic biases.","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Science","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ab2cae","usgsCitation":"Harrison, L., Funk, C., and Peterson, P., 2019, Identifying changing precipitation extremes in Sub-Saharan Africa with gauge and satellite products: Environmental Research Letters, v. 14, no. 8, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2cae.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108136","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2cae","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367037,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2cae"}],"volume":"14","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, Laura","contributorId":192382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Pete","contributorId":192379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Pete","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204477,"text":"70204477 - 2019 - Supporting the development and use of native plant materials for restoration on the Colorado Plateau (Fiscal Year 18 Report)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-29T07:48:00","indexId":"70204477","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-29T07:46:05","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Supporting the development and use of native plant materials for restoration on the Colorado Plateau (Fiscal Year 18 Report)","docAbstract":"Introduction\nA primary focus of the Colorado Plateau Native Plant Program (CPNPP) is to identify and develop appropriate native plant materials (NPMs) for current and future restoration projects. Multiple efforts have characterized the myriad challenges inherent in providing appropriate seed resources to enable effective, widespread restoration and identified a broad suite of research activities to provide the information necessary to overcome those challenges (e.g., Plant Conservation Alliance 2015; Breed et al. 2018). Many of the most complex information needs relate to identifying the appropriate plant species and populations that can successfully establish in dryland environments, like the Colorado Plateau, where low and highly variable precipitation is standard. Providing this information requires synergistic research efforts in which results from earlier investigations inform the design of subsequent investigations. Southwest Biological Science Center’s (SBSC’s) research activities in FY18 followed the FY18 Statement of Work (“Research supporting native plant materials development for the Colorado Plateau Native Plant Program, FY18”) to support a research framework that is continually adapting based on the needs of the restoration community and results from previous investigations; the long-term research framework is now outlined in the 2019-2023 5-Year Research Strategy (discussed below; hereafter referred to as the 5-Year Research Strategy). This research framework provides support for the National Seed Strategy for Rehabilitation and Restoration (Plant Conservation Alliance, 2015), Department of Interior Secretarial Order #3347 (Conservation Stewardship and Outdoor Recreation), and Bureau of Land Management Leadership Priority #1 (Create a conservation stewardship legacy second only to Teddy Roosevelt).\n\tThe overall focus of activities in FY18 centered on landscape genetics and planning for common garden and other research projects. These activities were supported by two biological technicians that were hired and trained by Dr. Rob Massatti and Dr. Daniel Winkler. Many of the field-related activities, including plant trait measurement and seed/tissue collecting, were assigned to these technicians, which freed Dr. Massatti to work on other research objectives, including the time-consuming activities of processing and analyzing genetic data. A major challenge to field work in FY18 was the drought conditions that pervaded the Plateau during the spring field season. Due to low winter and spring precipitation, many plant communities did not green up in the spring, which prevented the biological technicians from collecting plant trait data, tissues samples, and seeds in many areas. To cope with the dry conditions, the technicians searched sites across a wider range of environmental space and considered a broader suite of species from which to collect data (i.e., species that may be included in research projects in future years). Monsoonal precipitation starting in July supported a late summer/fall field season and allowed the technicians to follow a more normal work plan. While Dr. Massatti was the only scientist supported by the SBSC-CPNPP agreement in FY18, other scientists, including Drs. John Bradford, Seth Munson, Mike Duniway, Sasha Reed, Daniel Winkler, and Jayne Belnap, spent a considerable amount of time discussing individual projects and the newly developed 5-Year Research Strategy. Some of these discussions resulted in a publication by Dr. Winkler, in addition to a large group of researchers, practitioners, and others who work on the Colorado Plateau, concerning the restoration challenges facing the Plateau into the future and the types of efforts that may support successful restoration (Winkler et al., 2018).","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Land Management","collaboration":"Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Massatti, R., Winkler, D., Reed, S.C., Duniway, M., Munson, S., and Bradford, J., 2019, Supporting the development and use of native plant materials for restoration on the Colorado Plateau (Fiscal Year 18 Report), 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-109687","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":365965,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/uploads/USGS%20CP%20EOY18_public.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.2965087890625,\n 37.17344871200958\n ],\n [\n -108.48999023437499,\n 37.17344871200958\n ],\n [\n -108.48999023437499,\n 40.63479884404164\n ],\n [\n -113.2965087890625,\n 40.63479884404164\n ],\n [\n -113.2965087890625,\n 37.17344871200958\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Massatti, Robert 0000-0001-5854-5597","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-5597","contributorId":207294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massatti","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winkler, Daniel","contributorId":217603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":217604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duniway, Michael","contributorId":217605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Munson, Seth","contributorId":217606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradford, John","contributorId":217607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70245420,"text":"70245420 - 2019 - Alternative sea lamprey barrier technologies: History as a control tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T13:27:56.722209","indexId":"70245420","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-29T07:27:29","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5040,"text":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture","onlineIssn":"2330-8257","printIssn":"2330-8249","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternative sea lamprey barrier technologies: History as a control tool","docAbstract":"Currently, application of lampricides and installation of low-head barriers are the only proven means of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in the Great Lakes. While sea lamprey cannot climb or jump over low-head barriers, many desirable migratory species also cannot traverse barriers and are unintentionally blocked. Recently, there has been a push to reduce reliance on chemical controls as well as increase stream connectivity and flood conveyance. In response, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC) continues to seek alternative methods of control. Great Lakes basin resource managers often request consideration of alternatives to both lampricide use and low-head barriers. Seasonal operation and alternative barrier designs (e.g. velocity barriers and electrical barriers) that incorporate additional features such as selective fish passage or flood conveyance are among the most commonly requested options. To date, alternative barrier technologies have been intermittently successful in the sea lamprey control program directed by the GLFC, yet continue to be proposed as alternatives to conventional low-head barriers. This document provides a comprehensive review on the current state of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of current and alternative barrier technologies and their historical use in the sea lamprey control program. This synthesis provides resource managers and sea lamprey control agents a reference and some tools to facilitate decision making around barriers that balance the critical need for invasive species control and fishery restoration.