This report incorporates the results of field and. laboratory studies, from June 1946 through March 1947, of the stratigraphy and. structure of the area of the Meade and Kuk Rivers and Point Barrow, Alaska. The Investigations were made by the Geological Survey as part of the Navy Department's program of petroleum exploration in northern Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210458","usgsCitation":"Webber, E.J., 1947, Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Meade and Kuk Rivers and Point Barrow, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 6, Report: 14 p.; 2 Figures: 28.23 x 27.79 inches and 55.48 x 17.58 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70210458.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 2 Figures: 28.23 x 27.79 inches and 55.48 x 17.58 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210458/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":375327,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74597.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":401257,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210458/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401258,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210458/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401259,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210458/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"area of the Meade and Kuk Rivers, Point Barrow","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.3333,\n 69.3333\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 69.3333\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 71.1667\n ],\n [\n -160.3333,\n 71.1667\n ],\n [\n -160.3333,\n 69.3333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webber, Edward J.","contributorId":25583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210457,"text":"70210457 - 1947 - Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Kurupa, Oolamnagavik, Killik, and Colville Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:16:40.088704","indexId":"70210457","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T14:41:21","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"5","title":"Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Kurupa, Oolamnagavik, Killik, and Colville Rivers","docAbstract":"The area between 68° 3C' and 69° 08 N. latitude and between 154° and 155° 20 W. longitude was covered by U. S. Geological Survey party 4 during the period May 18 to September 2. Traverses were confined mainly to the valleys of the Kurupa, Oolamnagavik, and Colville Rivers inasmuch as very little rock is exposed in the interstream areas. This report is a compilation of the field data and of the results of office and laboratory work on rock specimens, fossils, and aerial photographs of the area. An interpretation of the structure and stratigraphy of this area is presented, and possible correlations with the Killik River area to the east are suggested. Some revisions of the conclusions in this report may become necessary in the light of further field work in adjacent areas and heavy mineral studies, but it is believed that any changes will not materially alter the geologic picture of the area.
Umnak Island is a dumbbell-shaped island in the eastern part of the Aleutian Islands. The island is 70 miles long and trends northeast-southwest. During 1946 volcano investigations were begun on the island and geologic mapping of most of northeastern Umnak Island was completed.
Okmok Volcano, a large, broad volcanic mountain rising to altitudes of 3,000 to 3,500 feet, occupies the central portion of northeastern Umnak Island. Fort Glenn, and Army airbase, is situated on the eastern end of the island, approximately 9 miles east of Okmok Volcano.
The central part of Okmok Volcano is indented by Okmok caldera, a large cliff-rimmed volcanic depression, 7%, miles in maximum diameter. The floor of the caldera is 1,500 to 2,500 feet below the caldera rim. Nine large cinder cones and many small ones lie on the caldera floor, chiefly along two arcuate zones. The caldera is drained by Crater Creek, which flows through a deep gorge cut in the northeastern wall of the caldera, and into Bering Sea.
Mount Tulik (4,111 feet altitude) and Mount Idak (1,918 feet altitude) arc important centers of ancient volcanism on the flanks of Okmok Volcano.
The geologic history of Okmok Volcano falls into three stages: The first includes the upbuilding of an ancient cone—Mount Okmok—to an altitude of at least 6;500 feet on the site of the present caldera; the second encompasses the destruction in a castastrophic eruption of the summit cone and the formation of the caldera; the third comprises events since the great eruption.
The earliest activity at Mount Okmok probably dates hack to the late Tertiary period. A composite cone, concave-sided in profile, was built by the alternate eruption of ash, coarse pyroclastics, and basalt flows. During the late Pleistocene, volcanic activity at Mount Okmok was greatly reduced and a topography of late youth was carved on the lower slopes by streams and valley glaciers. The summit of Mount Okmok was upwarped and dikes and necks were injected into the resulting fractures.
A large volcano at the site of Mount Idak was active during part of the period of upbuilding at Mount Okmok but became extinct during the middle Pleistocene. A parasitic vent, Mount Tulik, became active during the late Pleistocene and built a steep-sided cone before it became extinct, shortly before the formation of Okmok caldera.
A cataclysmic eruption terminated the period of dissection at Mount Okmok, 10,000 or more years ago. Part of the summit was blown away by the explosive violence of this eruption. Nuees ardentes (glowing clouds) and mudflows deposited tuff-breccia and agglomerate in the glacial valleys; later phases of the eruption blanketed the landscape with ash. Near the end of the eruption, the remaining upper part of the volcano collapsed along arcuate fractures: large blocks subsided several thousand feet and are now concealed in the caldera Poor beneath later deposits. A large arcuate fault block which subsided less than other blocks stands above the floor in the northeastern part of the caldera.
After the eruption, water collected in the caldera, forming a lake. Small but frequently active cones built islands in the lake and covered its bottom with pyroclastic debris. The lake eventually overflowed the lowest point in the rim of the caldera, and Crater Creek Gorge was carved, draining the lake and dissecting its deposits. Renewed movement along faults at the head of Crater Creek Gorge later raised a harrier which temporarily dammed the drainage and formed a second caldera lake.
Readjustments among subsided blocks in the caldera floor resulted in the folding of postcaldera deposits at several localities.
Much of the caldera floor has been covered by lava flows extruded from several cones since the draining of the first caldera lake. In general, however, volcanic activity seems to have declined since the great caldera-forming eruption. Seven eruptions from cones on the caldera floor have been recorded since 1817; the latest occurred in 1945.
As part of the geochemical program for the study of Okmok Volcano, temperatures of fumaroles were measured and samples of the products of the volcanic activity were analyzed. Average temperatures of fumaroles at one source of the 1945 lava low dropped from 320° C. on July 19 to 90° C. on September 5. The temperatures of fumaroles associated with the crater vents on both Cones A and C ranged from 95° C. to 97\" C., which is slightly below the condensation point of steam, indicating the presence of minor quantities of gases other than steam. The magmatic gases of fumaroles on Cone A consisted of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in about equal amounts. The lack of halogen acid gases in the fumaroles and the steadily dropping temperatures arc interpreted as indicating that the present quiescence of Cone A will continue for many months. Solid reaction products from areas of fumarolic activity on Cone A are sulfates of sodium, calcium, and iron. The presence of hydrogen sulfide as the dominant sulfur gas at Cone C is interpreted as indicating the dying stages of the present cycle of activity of Cone C.
Thermal springs along the north base of Cone D have a total discharge of 115 cubic feet per second. Their average temperature is approximately 7° C. above the annual mean. From these figures it is calculated that about 21,000 kilogram calories per second are being given off by Cone D. The spring waters contain minute quantities of boron which is indicative of a magmatic source for a small part of the water. Hence, Cone D though quiescent is not extinct. Evidence is presented to show that most of the spring water from Cone D is meteoric in origin.
Thermal waters in the southwestern part of Umnak Island at Hot Springs Cove and south of Geyser Bight contain lithium, boron, arsenic, and antimony in solution. These elements are regarded as derived from underlying magmas that are in an advanced state of crystallization and hence not likely to give rise in the near future to large-scale volcanic activity.
Three portable seismographs were placed on the flanks of Okmok Volcano and were in operation during most of the period from June 1 to October 1. During this period several slight tremors and one moderate tremor, all of distant origin, were registered, but no tremors attributable to Okmok Volcano were recorded. The lack of tremor records, however, may have been due more to the insensitivity of the instruments than to the absence of tremors.
Earth-current investigations were carried on during August and September by comparison of records obtained from a base station at Fort Glenn with those from a station 1 V2 miles southwest of Mount Tulik. The records obtained indicate that no difference in magnitude or direction of earth currents existed between the Fort Glenn and Mount Tulik areas. The similarity of record obtained is indicative of the absence of a disturbing factor such as a large body of live magma beneath Okmok Volcano.
Future eruptions of Okmok Volcano are expected to he of mild to moderate intensity, and will he chiefly in the form of ash falls from vents inside the caldera. There would be a great menace—in the form of lava flows, nuees ardentes, and mudflows—to installations at Fort Glenn if a new center of volcanism came into existence on the east slope of Okmok Volcano. Small postcaldera cones now exposed there indicate that extra-caldera eruptions have occurred in the recent past and can be expected in the future. The possibility of another catastrophic eruption of the caldera-forming type, however, is remote.
Okmok Volcano should be kept under close observation, partly because of its possible threat to Fort Glenn and partly because it is a readily accessible locale for accumulating information on details of volcanic processes, applicable to other volcanoes in the Aleutian arc and elsewhere.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alaskan Volcano Investigations Report No. 2","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/70210288","usgsCitation":"Byers, F., Hopkins, D., Wier, K.L., and Fisher, B., 1947, Part 3: Volcano investigations on Umnak Island, 1946, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70210288.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401002,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210288/report.pdf"},{"id":396452,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93423.htm"},{"id":396453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210288/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Umnak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.84063720703125,\n 52.855864177853974\n ],\n [\n -167.81341552734375,\n 53.38824275010831\n ],\n [\n -167.772216796875,\n 53.533778184257805\n ],\n [\n -167.98095703125,\n 53.571307377413326\n ],\n [\n -168.4039306640625,\n 53.48477702972815\n ],\n [\n -168.4423828125,\n 53.31282653094477\n ],\n [\n -168.60992431640625,\n 53.28984728016674\n ],\n [\n -168.82415771484375,\n 53.15665305315798\n ],\n [\n -168.85162353515625,\n 53.04616682440388\n ],\n [\n -169.04937744140625,\n 52.908902047770255\n ],\n [\n -169.11529541015625,\n 52.82434224121616\n ],\n [\n -168.84063720703125,\n 52.855864177853974\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byers, F. M. Jr.","contributorId":270390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byers","given":"F. M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, D.M.","contributorId":103646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wier, K. L.","contributorId":106864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wier","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Bernard","contributorId":280071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisher","given":"Bernard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70222224,"text":"70222224 - 1947 - Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Titaluk and upper Ikpikpuk Rivers, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:29:27.363676","indexId":"70222224","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T14:19:07","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"18","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Titaluk and upper Ikpikpuk Rivers, Alaska","docAbstract":"Geological Survey Party No. 4 was assigned an investigation of the Ikpikpuk and Titaluk Rivers and East Fork of the Ikpikpuk River mainly for the purpose of obtaining stratigraphic information which would be of use in determining the parts of the Upper Cretaceous sequence that underlie the areas investigated by United Geophysical Company parties 43 and 46.
A total of five days were spent in geological investigations of the Titaluk River with a Cub plane equipped with pontoons. The party was composed of the geologist and Don Hulshizer, pilot of Wien Alaska Airlines. The geologist and Ronald K. Sorem, field assistant, traversed the Ikpikpuk River by boat from the junction of Maybe Creek and the Kigalik River to near the junction of the East Fork. From the northernmost point reached by boat traverse, the river was examined by plane to north of latitude 70° N., but no outcrops or rubble indicating bedrock were seen. The East Fork was also examined from the air but no outcrops or rubble were observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222224","usgsCitation":"Webber, E.J., 1947, Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Titaluk and upper Ikpikpuk Rivers, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 18, Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 28.58 x 21.19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222224.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 28.58 x 21.19 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401411,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222224/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401410,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222224/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387335,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74570.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222224/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Titaluk and upper Ikpikpuk rivers area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158,\n 69.6333\n ],\n [\n -154.3333,\n 69.6333\n ],\n [\n -154.3333,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 69.6333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webber, Edward J.","contributorId":25583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70222223,"text":"70222223 - 1947 - Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Utukok River with notes on the Corwin-Cape Beaufort region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:28:56.795851","indexId":"70222223","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T14:05:52","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"17","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Utukok River with notes on the Corwin-Cape Beaufort region, Alaska","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey Party 3 studied the geology of the Utukok River area and conducted a short reconnaissance of the Corwin-Cape Beaufort Region during the period May 12 to August 31, 1947. The upper part of the Utukok River was examined for several miles on either side while the lower, or Coastal Plain-portion, was necessarily limited to the few outcrops along the river.
During this study, the major emphasis was placed upon rocks of Upper Cretaceous age and their relationships to the underlying Lower Cretaceous rocks. All macrofossils, and numerous samples for porosity, heavy mineral, and microfossil determinations were collected.
A triangulation net was established by theodolite from Camp. 1 near the headwaters of the river to the mouth of Carbon Creek. The survey started and ended on measured base lines, and stations were determined by intersection and resection. Stations were selected, insofar as possible, on points that could be pin pricked on aerial photographs where adequate coverage was available, Horizontal control was computed for cartographic purposes. Vertical differences were computed from an elevation at Camp 1 assumed at 2,000 feet above sea level based upon two different airplane altimeter readings.
Most of the country is too rough for wheel landings with the exception of several gravel bars in the river between Camp 6 and the coast. Pontoon landings with a Cub plane can be made at most places on the river.
Driftwood, Adventure, Disappointment, Carbon, and Elusive Creeks are the main tributaries to the Utukok. At various localities, terrace gravels are common on divides of these streams. A terrace north of Driftwood Creek and about ten miles east of Camp 2 is covered with a deposit of gravel which is apparently, thick and is spread over an irregular area about two miles long and a half mile wide. A thin tundra cover obscures what is probably a much larger continuation of the gravel deposit. With favorable conditions plane landings could be made, but with a little construction work a commercial size airfield could be made.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222223","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.M., and Barksdale, W.L., 1947, Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Utukok River with notes on the Corwin-Cape Beaufort region, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 17, Report: 8 p.; 2 Figures: 33.40 x 43.70 inches and 35.96 x 23.49 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222223.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; 2 Figures: 33.40 x 43.70 inches and 35.96 x 23.49 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401407,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401408,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222223/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401409,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222223/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74569.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222223/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Corwin-Cape Beaufort region, Utukok River area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -159.3333,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -159.3333,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 68\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Raymond M.","contributorId":82760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barksdale, W. L.","contributorId":14052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barksdale","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70222221,"text":"70222221 - 1947 - Preliminary report of the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River from Ipnavik to Kurupa Rivers, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:28:22.771944","indexId":"70222221","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T13:40:19","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"15","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report of the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River from Ipnavik to Kurupa Rivers, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222221","usgsCitation":"Thurrell, R.F., 1947, Preliminary report of the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River from Ipnavik to Kurupa Rivers, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 15, Report: 9 p.; 1 Figure: 20.90 x 47.13 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222221.","productDescription":"Report: 9 p.; 1 Figure: 20.90 x 47.13 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222221/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":387332,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74674.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":401401,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401402,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222221/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Colville River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.5,\n 68.8333\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 68.8333\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 69.1\n ],\n [\n -156.5,\n 69.1\n ],\n [\n -156.5,\n 68.8333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurrell, R. F. Jr.","contributorId":43024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurrell","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207426,"text":"70207426 - 1947 - Thrust faults and related structures in eastern Cuba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T10:05:08","indexId":"70207426","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T10:02:53","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thrust faults and related structures in eastern Cuba","docAbstract":"Detailed areal mapping in central Camagüey Province and reconnaissance mapping in northern and eastern Oriente Province, Cuba, have revealed two major structural zones: (1) A zone of intense deformation, including thrust faulting, which lies north of the geographic axis of the island; and (2) a belt of domical mountains bounded on the north by Nipe Bay and the coast, and on the south by the Cauto trough and Guantilnamo basin. In Camagüey, extensive masses of serpentine and overlying tuffs have been complexly folded and overridden from the north by a block, at least 25 miles long, of limestones that form the Sierra de Cubitas and Sierra de Camaján. The overthrust carried a northern fades of Cretaceous and Eocene limestones over a southern fades of tuffaceous rocks of similar age, and had a displacement of at least six miles. In places serpentine was thrust over younger formations, and most of the shearing in the serpentine is attributed to diastrophism. A thrust zone exposed in Loma La Vigía, 15 miles north of Holguín, suggests a similar tectonic history for northern Oriente Province. Chaotic giant breccias that include waterlaid debris indicate that the overthrusts moved across the ancient land surface in both Camagüey and Oriente districts. The folding apparently began in the Cretaceous and culminated in overthrusting during early middle Eocene time. Post‐Eocene deformation appears to be limited to warping or doming to maximum angles of about 20 degrees. The zone of domical mountains is somewhat more than 100 miles long from east to west by 25 to 30 miles wide, and comprises three main units: (1) the Sierra de Nipe and (2) Sierra del Cristal domes, principally of serpentine; and (3) the Cuchillas uplift, which includes the Cuchillas de Toar and Sierra de Purlal, composed of serpentine and pre‐serpentine rocks. These uplifts are overlapped progressively on all sides by sediments ranging in age from Upper Cretaceous to Oligocene and Miocene, the older beds in places being highly folded. The mountains owe their present relief of 2000 to 4000 feet to the doming of an extensive erosion surface in the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene. The north and east flanks of the Cuchillas uplift extend below sea level, and drowned streams and elevated coral reefs show regional instability since the last major doming. ©1947. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i006p00919","issn":"00028606","usgsCitation":"Thayer, T.P., and Guild, P.W., 1947, Thrust faults and related structures in eastern Cuba: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 28, no. 6, p. 919-930, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i006p00919.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"919","endPage":"930","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cuba","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.26815,23.18861],[-81.40446,23.11727],[-80.61877,23.10598],[-79.67952,22.7653],[-79.28149,22.3992],[-78.34743,22.51217],[-77.9933,22.27719],[-77.14642,21.65785],[-76.52382,21.20682],[-76.19462,21.22057],[-75.59822,21.01662],[-75.67106,20.73509],[-74.9339,20.69391],[-74.17802,20.28463],[-74.29665,20.05038],[-74.96159,19.92344],[-75.63468,19.87377],[-76.32366,19.95289],[-77.75548,19.85548],[-77.08511,20.41335],[-77.49265,20.67311],[-78.13729,20.73995],[-78.48283,21.02861],[-78.71987,21.59811],[-79.285,21.55918],[-80.21748,21.82732],[-80.51753,22.03708],[-81.82094,22.19206],[-82.16999,22.38711],[-81.795,22.63696],[-82.7759,22.68815],[-83.49446,22.16852],[-83.9088,22.15457],[-84.05215,21.91058],[-84.54703,21.80123],[-84.97491,21.89603],[-84.44706,22.20495],[-84.23036,22.56575],[-83.77824,22.78812],[-83.26755,22.98304],[-82.51044,23.07875],[-82.26815,23.18861]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Cuba\"}}]}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thayer, T. P.","contributorId":64629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thayer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guild, P. W.","contributorId":39039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guild","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206917,"text":"70206917 - 1947 - Report, of committee on basic research in the field of. industrial minerals and rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-26T17:42:52","indexId":"70206917","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-01T17:38:25","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report, of committee on basic research in the field of. industrial minerals and rocks","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English ","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.42.8.737","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Gillson, G., and Jahns, R.H., 1947, Report, of committee on basic research in the field of. industrial minerals and rocks: Economic Geology, v. 42, no. 8 , p. 737-746, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.42.8.737.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"737","endPage":"746","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1947-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillson, G.L.","contributorId":220938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gillson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jahns, R. H.","contributorId":97961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahns","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70214497,"text":"70214497 - 1947 - Survey‐net adjustment by electrical analogue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-09T15:35:41.720698","indexId":"70214497","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-01T11:51:56","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey‐net adjustment by electrical analogue","docAbstract":"This paper describes how the equivalent of a least‐squares adjustment of a level or traverse net may be obtained by electrical measurements in an analogous electrical net. The lengths of the survey lines are replaced by proportional electrical resistances; the survey closures are replaced by proportional small dc voltages; the adjustment corrections are read as electrical potentials at the various junction points. The resistances, power units, and junction jacks are mounted on a panel, and are interconnected by jumpers. The closure and correction voltages are read with a special type feed‐back voltmeter.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i006p00831","usgsCitation":"Speert, J.L., 1947, Survey‐net adjustment by electrical analogue: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 28, no. 6, p. 831-837, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i006p00831.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"831","endPage":"837","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speert, J. L.","contributorId":43100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speert","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220483,"text":"70220483 - 1947 - Activity of Parícutin volcano from December 1, 1946 to March 31, 1947 patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-16T14:35:28.261821","indexId":"70220483","displayToPublicDate":"1947-10-31T09:29:23","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"title":"Activity of Parícutin volcano from December 1, 1946 to March 31, 1947 patterns","docAbstract":"A record of the activity of Parícutin Volcano, Michoacán, Mexico, is shown in the diagram of eruptive characteristics, Figure 1, covering the period December 31, 1946 to March 31, 1947, and is supplemented by the maps of the areal extent of the lava flows, Figures 2 and 3. This continues the previous record for the period from September 18 to November 30, 1946 [Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, v. 28, no. 4, pp. 567–572, 1947], and reference is made to that report for explanatory discussion of the diagram of eruptive characteristics and for general information concerning the methods of investigation.
As shown in Figure 1, the periods of predominantly heavy pyroclastic eruption occurred December 16 to February 14 and March 15 to 28. The periods of greater effusion of lava occurred December 1 to 20 and January 22 to February 25.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i005p00725","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, R., 1947, Activity of Parícutin volcano from December 1, 1946 to March 31, 1947 patterns, v. 28, no. 5, p. 725-731, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i005p00725.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"731","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Parícutin, Michoacán","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.41455078125,\n 19.267072569005542\n ],\n [\n -102.13165283203125,\n 19.267072569005542\n ],\n [\n -102.13165283203125,\n 19.663280219987662\n ],\n [\n -102.41455078125,\n 19.663280219987662\n ],\n [\n -102.41455078125,\n 19.267072569005542\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, R.E.","contributorId":107348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206628,"text":"70206628 - 1947 - Origin of the hot springs at Hot Springs, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T07:33:57","indexId":"70206628","displayToPublicDate":"1947-10-01T07:27:51","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Origin of the hot springs at Hot Springs, North Carolina","title":"Origin of the hot springs at Hot Springs, North Carolina","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English ","doi":"10.2475/ajs.245.10.624","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Stose, G.W., and Stose, A., 1947, Origin of the hot springs at Hot Springs, North Carolina: American Journal of Science, v. 245, no. 10, p. 624-644, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.245.10.624.","productDescription":"21 p. ","startPage":"624","endPage":"644","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.245.10.624","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369186,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina ","county":"Madison County 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tus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stose, G. W.","contributorId":75892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stose","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stose, Anna","contributorId":220607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stose","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70214506,"text":"70214506 - 1947 - Stratigraphy of the upper Cambrian, Llano Uplift, Texas ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T19:12:04.298857","indexId":"70214506","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T14:00:51","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy of the upper Cambrian, Llano Uplift, Texas ","docAbstract":"The two formations and eight members that constitute the Upper Cambrian in the Llano uplift of central Texas are described or redefined, and their lithic characters in 19 measured sections are graphically summarized. Standard reference to them is thus furnished.
The Riley formation comprises the basal Paleozoic strata of the Llano uplift. Its initial sediments were deposited on a submerged pre-Cambrian terrane having a known topographic relief as great as 800 feet. Its thickness normally averages about 680 feet but ranges from probably less than 200 to about 800 feet. At most places it is subequally divisible between the Hickory sandstone member below and the Cap Mountain limestone member above, with the thin but widespread, glauconitic Lion Mountain sandstone member capping and completing the sequence.
The Wilberns formation includes five named members between the Riley formation and rocks of the Lower Ordovician Ellenburger group. It normally averages about 580 feet thick and ranges from 540 to 610 feet thick, but in the southeastern corner of the Llano uplift truncation of the upper beds has reduced it to 360 feet. The thin but widespread, nonglauconitic Welge sandstone member introduces the sequence. Above it is the Morgan Creek limestone member, grading to the succeeding argillaceous beds of the Point Peak shale. At the top of the sequence are the San Saba limestone and Pedernales dolomite members. These two are essentially equivalent and gradational facies, with the Pedernales normally overlying the San Saba.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[109:SOTUCL]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bridge, J., Barnes, V., and Cloud, P.E., 1947, Stratigraphy of the upper Cambrian, Llano Uplift, Texas : GSA Bulletin, v. 58, p. 109-124, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[109:SOTUCL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"124","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Central Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.2724609375,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -97.9541015625,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -97.9541015625,\n 30.770159115784214\n ],\n [\n -99.2724609375,\n 30.770159115784214\n ],\n [\n -99.2724609375,\n 29.916852233070173\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridge, Josiah","contributorId":92267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridge","given":"Josiah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, V.E.","contributorId":241620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cloud, P. E. Jr.","contributorId":6507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloud","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70214505,"text":"70214505 - 1947 - Flysch and molasse ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T18:59:18.610158","indexId":"70214505","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T13:49:39","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flysch and molasse ","docAbstract":"By definition European geologists consider a sequence of limestones, sandstones, and shales, the beds of which are thin, regular, and alternating, and which are deposited in a geosyncline or foredeep shortly before a major orogeny, as the flysch. The waste products that accumulate as a deposit flanking mountains and built in part of the deformed flysch make up the molasse. In field practice the groups of sediments called flysch and molasse, or facies of them, are formations in the American sense. However, the Europeans would not recognize all groups of beds deposited in a geosyncline just before an orogeny as flysch; the beds must possess the proper lithologic and bedding characteristics.
Europeans have tacitly tied the variable of lithology and stratification to the variable of orogeny, with attendant difficulties. Originally only the first was denoted, but later the second was emphasized in definition if not in field use. Americans have considered the terms chiefly in their orogenic sense and thereby have called certain sequences flysch that do not fully meet the requirements of European usage.
The writers are of the opinion that little is gained by the use of the words; by their application no new fact is told or discovery made. They simply elaborate a conclusion by way of analogy. On the other hand, a possibility of confusion is introduced by the use of the terms, and in America it is best to avoid them.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[979:FAM]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Eardley, A., and White, M., 1947, Flysch and molasse : GSA Bulletin, v. 58, no. 11, p. 979-990, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[979:FAM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"979","endPage":"990","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eardley, A.J.","contributorId":68409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eardley","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Max G.","contributorId":22426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Max G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70214504,"text":"70214504 - 1947 - Chemical analyses and calculated modes of the Oliverian magma series, Mt. Washington Quadrangle, New Hampshire ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T18:27:42.269761","indexId":"70214504","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T13:18:23","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical analyses and calculated modes of the Oliverian magma series, Mt. Washington Quadrangle, New Hampshire ","docAbstract":"Complete chemical analyses, including the spectrographic determination of 44 trace elements, have been made of six representative specimens from each of the six map units constituting the Oliverian magma series in the Mt. Washington quadrangle of New Hampshire. Potash is systematically higher than soda. An increase in silica, which ranges from 56 to 75 per cent, is accompanied by the usual variation of the other principal oxides; lime, magnesia, and total iron decrease in the more siliceous rocks, whereas potash and soda increase at first and then decline. Potash is 1.5 to 3 per cent higher than soda throughout the series.
With increasing silica content Cr2O3, NiO, SrO, V2O5, and BaO decrease, but ZnO increases. Comparisons with other parts of the world, especially northwestern Europe, suggest some systematic differences from New Hampshire, but the data are insufficient to justify any definite conclusions.
The calculation of modes from the chemical analyses necessitates a discussion of the methods involved and the possible errors. It is believed that in these rocks the modes can be calculated with relatively small errors. An unexplained excess of alumina in the modes, ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 per cent, may be due to more sericite and clay minerals in the rocks than the content of water suggests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[573:CAACMO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Billings, M., and Rabbitt, J., 1947, Chemical analyses and calculated modes of the Oliverian magma series, Mt. Washington Quadrangle, New Hampshire : GSA Bulletin, v. 58, no. 7, p. 573-596, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[573:CAACMO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"596","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampsire","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Washington Quadrangle","volume":"58","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billings, M.P.","contributorId":42948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billings","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabbitt, J.C.","contributorId":83998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabbitt","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70214503,"text":"70214503 - 1947 - Geology of the Borah Peak quadrangle, Idaho ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-16T14:51:55.897612","indexId":"70214503","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T13:00:33","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Borah Peak quadrangle, Idaho ","docAbstract":"This report is on result of a long program of geologic investigation in south-central Idaho, undertaken as an aid in the development of the mineral resources of the region. This quadrangle was examined because of the exceptional opportunities for the study of stratigraphy and structure afforded by the Lost River Range, which is the highest in Idaho and contains comparatively few intrusive igneous rocks.
The Borah Peak quadrangle differs from the region to the west and northwest in that it contains parts of two sharply defined, narrow ranges elongated in a north-westerly direction, instead of broad, irregular mountain masses, in which the trends of most local topographic units are ill-defined. These ranges, the Lost River and the Lemhi, are flanked by intermontane valleys sparsely populated by stock ranchers.
The Lemhi and Swauger quartzites, regarded as of Belt (pre-Cambrian) age, are named. The two Cambrian (?) formations of the Bayhorse region are not recognized in this quadrangle. The Ramshorn slate (Lower Ordovician), widespread and thick there, does not appear to be exposed anywhere in the Borah Peak quadrangle with the possible exception of small areas east of the Elkhorn Ranch, where relations are obscure. The higher Paleozoic formations, named in order of decreasing age, are the Kinnikinic quartzite, Saturday Mountain formation, Laketown dolomite, Jefferson dolomite, Grand View dolomite, Three Forks limestone, Milligen formation, Brazer limestone, and Wood River formation. The Three Forks limestone, nowhere much over 250 feet thick, is the only one of these not recognized farther west. It provides substantial aid in the interpretation of upper Paleozoic stratigraphy. Equivalent beds to the west are presumably grouped with the Milligen. The grit that introduced uncertainties into the correlation of the Wood River and Milligen formations in the southeastern part of the Bayhorse quadrangle is absent here, and both formations have close lithologic resemblances to those in the type localities in the Wood River region. Wood River strata (Pennsylvanian) crop out only in the southwest corner of the quadrangle, and the Brazer may have been the last Paleozoic unit to be deposited over most of the area. Certainly it can have had comparatively little cover over it throughout the Mesozoic. The Brazer is regarded as Mississippian, but some of the fossils in it have Pennsylvania affinities. The carbonate rocks in the Three Forks and later formations are dominantly calcareous, while those in earlier units are dolomitic. Carbonaceous matter is present in most of the formations but is abundant only in the Milligen.
The Challis volcanics (Oligocene or Miocene) constitute the first stratified unit to be laid down after Paleozoic deposition ceased, although there was a little intrusive activity late in the Mesozoic. The volcanics were once widely distributed on the flanks of the mountains and are still plentiful in the northwestern corner of the quadrangle, near the head of the valley of the Pahsimeroi, and in smaller areas. They are neither so abundant nor so diversified as they are farther west. They are locally succeeded by an alluvial formation, here termed the Donkey fanglomerate, of possible Pliocene age. Abundant Quaternary glacial and alluvial deposits are present in the larger valleys.
The Lemhi and Swauger quartzites were broadly folded before Paleozoic sedimentation began. Apparently the later deformation affected them only enough to render the more impure beds somewhat schistose. The Paleozoic rocks have been folded into closely spaced, asymmetric anticlines, locally broken by thrusts at and near their crests. These folds approximately parallel the trends of the present range, whereas those in the old rocks strike more nearly north. Later deformation twisted some of the folds and produced thrusts of lower dip and greater extent. The folded rocks in the Lost River Range have been arched into an anticlinorium. The original, tight folds may have preceded the emplacement of the Idaho batholith farther west, while the anticlinorium and the late twists and low thrusts result from deformation during the long period in which the batholith came to place and adjusted itself. Local intricately contorted beds in the Brazer limestone are interpreted as the effects of flowage in calcareous material subjected to tangential pressure under comparatively light supercumbent load.
The quadrangle contains numerous normal faults of diverse trends. Most of those that can be conclusively demonstrated strike transverse to the trends of the ranges, but especially along parts of the southwest front of the Lemhi Range normal faults along the range fronts may have helped locally to guide erosion of the mountains. Some of the faults have displacements of thousands of feet and are thought to have originated in connection with the low-angle thrusts. Most of these, as well as minor breaks of diverse trends, affect also the Challis volcanics, which shows that renewed movement occurred in Tertiary time.
The present mountain masses and broad intermontane valleys are in about the positions occupied by similar features in the early Tertiary. Several incomplete erosion cycles since then have greatly modified the topography but have not obliterated the influence of these ancient land forms. The results of early episodes in the development of the topography are much obscured by the rugged forms that result from active Pleistocene glaciation and later vigorous stream erosion, but modified remnants of the post-Challis and Donkey Hills surfaces can be clearly distinguished. Several less widespread remnants mark intermediate steps in the process. Exceptionally abundant and permeable, coarse alluvial and glacial deposits floor intermontane valleys and choke the larger mountain gorges to such an extent as to interfere with normal erosion and make the surface-water supplies even scantier than might be expected from the climate of the region, which is moderately humid in the mountains and semiarid in the valleys. Active erosion in the high mountains and comparatively static conditions on fans at the range borders result in striking contrasts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[1085:GOTBPQ]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ross, C.P., 1947, Geology of the Borah Peak quadrangle, Idaho : GSA Bulletin, v. 58, no. 12, p. 1085-1160, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[1085:GOTBPQ]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"76 p.","startPage":"1085","endPage":"1160","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Borah Peak","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.98291015625,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -112.994384765625,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -112.994384765625,\n 45.359865333959746\n ],\n [\n -114.98291015625,\n 45.359865333959746\n ],\n [\n -114.98291015625,\n 43.54854811091286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, C. P.","contributorId":91545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214502,"text":"70214502 - 1947 - Suggestions as to future research in ground‐water hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T17:58:50.386782","indexId":"70214502","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T12:45:26","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suggestions as to future research in ground‐water hydrology","docAbstract":"Determination of the ground‐water supply available from any aquifer or in any specified area requires not merely the application of specific quantitative methods but also a broad and accurate knowledge of the geologic, hydrologlc, and geochemical factors that are involved, and consideration of the economic and legal limitations. Further research is needed as to geologic texture and structure in relation to the occurrence and movement of the water; the precise nature of specific yield, which determines the effective storage capacities of the aquifers; the molecular physics involved in the downward and upward movement of water in the zone of aeration, and quantitative evaluation of ground‐water recharge and discharge; the hydraulics of ground water, as studied by pumping test methods, with special reference to boundary conditions; studies of perennial yield of aquifers of low permeability; the genesis of the mineral contents of ground water as determined through appropriate geologic, hydrologlc, and chemical studies; and methods of geophysical exploration and well logging for determining the occurrence of ground water. Serious study is also needed as to practicable methods of implementing the recently developed principles and methods of ground‐water hydrology in the production of water supplies and the economic and legal problems involved.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i003p00418","usgsCitation":"Meinzer, O.E., 1947, Suggestions as to future research in ground‐water hydrology: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 28, no. 3, p. 418-420, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i003p00418.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"418","endPage":"420","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinzer, O. E.","contributorId":10020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinzer","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214500,"text":"70214500 - 1947 - Scheelite in the Boulder District, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-16T14:41:54.431186","indexId":"70214500","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T12:21:58","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scheelite in the Boulder District, Colorado","docAbstract":"Scheelite accompanies ferberite as an ore of tungsten at many localities in the Boulder tungsten district. It is only of accessory importance in most veins, but in a few mines it affects grade of the ore substantially. It occurs in small veins, in vugs, disseminated in sericitized rock, and in gouge and minute fractures in shear zones. The vein and shear-zone deposits are the most important economically, but all scheelite-bearing ores owe their value chiefly to ferberite. The ratio of scheelite to ferberite is as high as 1:1 in some deposits containing one per cent WO 3 , but in scheelite-bearing ore containing 3 to 5 per cent WO 3 , the ratio ranges from 1:5 to 1:10.
Scheelite is later than all minerals except calcite and some late dolomite.
The mineralogy and paragenesis of the tungsten veins indicate a change from acid to alkaline solutions during mineralization. This change may be attributed partly to reaction with the alkaline wall rocks, but the distribution of alteration zones is in some respects incompatible with this hypothesis, and it is suggested in this paper that the solutions depositing tungsten changed at the source as well as by reaction.
Ferberite was deposited from slightly acid, and scheelite from alkaline solutions. Early acid solutions leached lime from plagioclase in the wall rocks. Late alkaline solutions deposited a little lime as carbonate but carried little or no tungsten. As neither the solutions nor the altered walls could furnish much lime at the time when tungsten appears to have been most abundant in early alkaline solutions, scheelite formed only in relatively minor quantities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.42.1.47","usgsCitation":"Tweto, O., 1947, Scheelite in the Boulder District, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 42, no. 10, p. 47-59, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.42.1.47.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"59","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Boulder District","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.46875,\n 39.918162846609455\n ],\n [\n -105.029296875,\n 39.918162846609455\n ],\n [\n -105.029296875,\n 40.22082997283287\n ],\n [\n -105.46875,\n 40.22082997283287\n ],\n [\n -105.46875,\n 39.918162846609455\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1947-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tweto, Ogden","contributorId":52939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tweto","given":"Ogden","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214499,"text":"70214499 - 1947 - Activity of Paricutin volcano from December 1, 1946 to March 31, 1947 patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T17:16:46.032389","indexId":"70214499","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T12:06:24","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Activity of Paricutin volcano from December 1, 1946 to March 31, 1947 patterns","docAbstract":"A record of the activity of Parícutin Volcano, Michoacán, Mexico, is shown in the diagram of eruptive characteristics, Figure 1, covering the period December 31, 1946 to March 31, 1947, and is supplemented by the maps of the areal extent of the lava flows, Figures 2 and 3. This continues the previous record for the period from September 18 to November 30, 1946 [Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, v. 28, no. 4, pp. 567–572, 1947], and reference is made to that report for explanatory discussion of the diagram of eruptive characteristics and for general information concerning the methods of investigation.
As shown in Figure 1, the periods of predominantly heavy pyroclastic eruption occurred December 16 to February 14 and March 15 to 28. The periods of greater effusion of lava occurred December 1 to 20 and January 22 to February 25.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i005p00725","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, R.E., 1947, Activity of Paricutin volcano from December 1, 1946 to March 31, 1947 patterns: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 26, no. 5, p. 725-731, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i005p00725.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"731","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Michoacan","otherGeospatial":"Paricutin Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.48046875,\n 19.210022196386085\n ],\n [\n -102.0355224609375,\n 19.210022196386085\n ],\n [\n -102.0355224609375,\n 19.62706626871261\n ],\n [\n -102.48046875,\n 19.62706626871261\n ],\n [\n -102.48046875,\n 19.210022196386085\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, Ray E.","contributorId":63074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214495,"text":"70214495 - 1947 - Value of the electrical log for estimating ground‐water supplies and the quality of the ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T16:48:35.971111","indexId":"70214495","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T11:35:43","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Value of the electrical log for estimating ground‐water supplies and the quality of the ground water","docAbstract":"This paper gives a brief summary of studies of the value of the electrical log for estimating ground‐water supplies and the quality of the water in them made in Texas by the United States Geological Survey and cooperating parties.
The electrical log has been found to be especially valuable in the Coastal Plain Region of Texas where the rocks consist mostly of a succession of clays or shales or sandy clays or shales lnterbedded with sands or sandstones. In that region the electrical log has been found to be more useful than the driller's log for correlating the principal water‐bearing horizons over wide areas. The log by itself is not an indicator of the permeability of the water‐bearing beds, nor a safe guide as to the quality of the water in them, but if it is studied in connection with other data, it is sure to tell an interesting and instructive story. Thus far in Texas no extensive studies have been made of the value of the electrical log in limestone aquifers or in sand or sandstone aquifers associated with limestone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i006p00903","usgsCitation":"Barnes, B., and Livingston, P., 1947, Value of the electrical log for estimating ground‐water supplies and the quality of the ground water: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 28, no. 6, p. 903-911, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i006p00903.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"903","endPage":"911","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Galveston","otherGeospatial":"Galveston County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.3668212890625,\n 28.86391842622456\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 29.348663646523626\n ],\n [\n -94.98779296875,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n -95.60302734375,\n 29.286398892934763\n ],\n [\n -95.3668212890625,\n 28.86391842622456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, B.A.","contributorId":241619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Livingston, Penn","contributorId":104977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"Penn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70214494,"text":"70214494 - 1947 - Virginia titanium deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T16:34:33.568736","indexId":"70214494","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-28T11:21:28","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Virginia titanium deposits","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.42.2.194","usgsCitation":"Ross, C., 1947, Virginia titanium deposits: Economic Geology, v. 42, no. 2, p. 194-198, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.42.2.194.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"198","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1947-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Clarence S.","contributorId":7251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Clarence S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214139,"text":"70214139 - 1947 - The beryl resources of Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-02T14:58:39.597087","indexId":"70214139","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-23T15:17:58","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The beryl resources of Connecticut","docAbstract":"In 1942-44, about 120 Connecticut pegmatites were examined for beryl and other minerals during investigations by the Federal Geological Survey. Most of the pegmatites lie in the Middletown district, occurring principally in the Bolton schist and Monson gneiss. The pegmatites range from distinctly zoned bodies to those that are essentially uniform mixtures of the component minerals. Beryl in the zoned pegmatites commonly is present in greater concentration in one or more zones than in others. It occurs in the majority of pegmatites examined, but on the basis of crystal counts only 10 pegmatites, either in whole or in sizable part, average 0.2% or more beryl. Six structural types of beryl deposits are described and illustrated: border-zone, wall-zone, intermediate-zone, pod, fracture-controlled, and disseminated. Some pegmatites contain two or more types.Grades and tonnages of 14 beryl-bearing pegmatites are tabulated. Total indicated and inferred beryl-bearing pegmatite is 207,885 tons containing 859 + tons of beryl. Most of the beryl is in crystals too small to be economically separable by hand sorting, and barring a marked increase in the price of beryl, milling operations would have to be supported primarily by the yield of salable feldspar, scrap mica, and possibly quartz.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.42.4.353","usgsCitation":"Cameron, E.N., and Shainin, V.E., 1947, The beryl resources of Connecticut: Economic Geology, v. 42, no. 4, p. 353-367, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.42.4.353.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"367","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.66769409179688,\n 41.50549203014924\n ],\n [\n -72.53517150878906,\n 41.50549203014924\n ],\n [\n -72.53517150878906,\n 41.636999392019725\n ],\n [\n -72.66769409179688,\n 41.636999392019725\n ],\n [\n -72.66769409179688,\n 41.50549203014924\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1947-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cameron, Eugene N.","contributorId":59498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shainin, Vincent E.","contributorId":59883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shainin","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70214138,"text":"70214138 - 1947 - The zinc content of plants on the Freidensville zinc slime ponds in relation to biogeochemical prospecting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-23T20:17:27.52692","indexId":"70214138","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-23T15:10:38","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The zinc content of plants on the Freidensville zinc slime ponds in relation to biogeochemical prospecting","docAbstract":"The zinc content of thirty different kinds of plants growing on slime ponds containing on the average 12.5 per cent zinc were determined by the dithizone method. The zinc content ranged from 39 p.p.m. in the fruit of the false solomon's seal (Smilacina racemosa) to 5,400 in the horsetail (Equiseteum arvense}. This latter plant varied considerably in zinc at different places on the slime ponds. The zinc contents of the aspen (Populus grandidentata}, ragweed {Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and horsetail grown on normal soils are compared to those on the slime ponds and it is recommended that the poplar and ragweed be studied further as indicators of zinc ore bodies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.42.6.572","usgsCitation":"Robinson, W.O., Lakin, H.W., and Reichen, L.E., 1947, The zinc content of plants on the Freidensville zinc slime ponds in relation to biogeochemical prospecting: Economic Geology, v. 42, no. 6, p. 572-582, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.42.6.572.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"572","endPage":"582","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Friedensville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.44036865234375,\n 40.54511315470123\n ],\n [\n -75.2838134765625,\n 40.54511315470123\n ],\n [\n -75.2838134765625,\n 40.63375667842965\n ],\n [\n -75.44036865234375,\n 40.63375667842965\n ],\n [\n -75.44036865234375,\n 40.54511315470123\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1947-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, W. O.","contributorId":56924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lakin, Hubert William","contributorId":54578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lakin","given":"Hubert","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichen, Laura E.","contributorId":102461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichen","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70214137,"text":"70214137 - 1947 - Ground-water conditions and problems in the Upper Mississippi River Embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-23T20:08:40.654064","indexId":"70214137","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-23T14:57:52","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water conditions and problems in the Upper Mississippi River Embayment","docAbstract":"The Upper Mississippi River Embayment is a region of about 45,000 square miles in the Mississippi River Valley extending from the vicinity of the 34th parallel northward to the mouth of the Ohio River. It includes parts of Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri. In 1940 about 2,700,000 people inhabited the region.Ground water is one of the most valuable natural resources of the region. It is estimated that 95 per cent of all the water used in the Upper Embayment comes from the ground.Structurally the Embayment is a downwarped, downfaulted trough in Paleozoic rocks, in which have been deposited sediments ranging in age from Cretaceous to Recent. Very productive water-bearing formations extend throughout most of the region but the total quantity of water perennially available is unknown, and little information is available on the quality of the water.The formations comprise a natural hydraulic system underlying parts of several States, and a study of the geology and hydrology of the entire region is needed. Such a study is necessary because additional ground-water supplies will be required with the future development of the region. In order to develop the region wisely the quantity and quality of the water perennially available must be known.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.42.7.626","usgsCitation":"Schneider, R., 1947, Ground-water conditions and problems in the Upper Mississippi River Embayment: Economic Geology, v. 42, no. 7, p. 626-633, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.42.7.626.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"633","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi Embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 33.5963189611327\n ],\n [\n -88.04443359375,\n 33.5963189611327\n ],\n [\n -88.04443359375,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 33.5963189611327\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1947-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37923,"text":"37923 - 1947 - Annual fur catch of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-21T09:45:24","indexId":"37923","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-01T09:42:01","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"298","title":"Annual fur catch of the United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Ashbrook, F.G., 1947, Annual fur catch of the United States (Revises Wildlife Leaflet BS-140 (1939)): Wildlife Leaflet 298, 24 p.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revises Wildlife Leaflet BS-140 (1939)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4d4ee4b0b290850f177b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ashbrook, Frank G.","contributorId":77980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashbrook","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37922,"text":"37922 - 1947 - Abstract of fur laws, 1947-48","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-21T09:40:00","indexId":"37922","displayToPublicDate":"1947-09-01T09:39:19","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"297","title":"Abstract of fur laws, 1947-48","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Ashbrook, F.G., 1947, Abstract of fur laws, 1947-48 (Revises Wildlife Leaflet BS-118 (1938).): Wildlife Leaflet 297, 46 p.","productDescription":"46 p.","numberOfPages":"46","temporalStart":"1947-01-01","temporalEnd":"1948-01-01","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revises Wildlife Leaflet BS-118 (1938).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4ae8e4b0b290850f00eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ashbrook, Frank G.","contributorId":77980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashbrook","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}