Characterization of rock discontinuities and rock bridges is required to define stability conditions of fractured rock masses in both natural and engineered environments. Although remote sensing methods for mapping discontinuities have improved in recent years, remote detection of intact rock bridges on cliff faces remains challenging, with their existence typically confirmed only after failure. In steep exfoliating cliffs, such as El Capitan in Yosemite Valley (California, USA), rockfalls mainly occur along cliff-parallel exfoliation joints, with rock bridges playing a key role in the stability of partially detached exfoliation sheets. We employed infrared thermal imaging (i.e., thermography) as a new means of detecting intact rock bridges prior to failure. An infrared thermal panorama of El Capitan revealed cold thermal signatures for the surfaces of two granitic exfoliation sheets, consistent with the expectation that air circulation cools the back of the partially detached sheets. However, we also noted small areas of warm thermal anomalies on these same sheets, even during periods of nocturnal rock cooling. Rock attachment via rock bridges is the likely cause for the warm anomalies in the thermal data. 2-D model simulations of the thermal behavior of one of the monitored sheets reproduce the observed anomalies and explain the temperature differences detected in the rock bridge area. Based on combined thermal and ground-based lidar imaging, and using geometric and rock fracture mechanics analysis, we are able to quantify the stability of both sheets. Our analysis demonstrates that thermography can remotely detect intact rock bridges and thereby greatly improve rockfall hazard assessment.
The importance of framing investigations of organism–environment relationships to interpret patterns at relevant spatial scales is increasingly recognized. However, most research related to environmental relationships is single-scaled, implicitly or explicitly assuming that a “species characteristic selection scale” exists. We tested the premise that a single characteristic scale exists to understand species–environment relationships within species by asking (a) what are the characteristic scales of species’ relationships with environmental predictors, and (b) is within-species, cross-predictor consistency in characteristic scales a general phenomenon.
Nebraska, USA.
2016.
Birds.
We used data from 86 species at > 500 locations to build hierarchical N-mixture models relating species abundance to land cover variables. By incorporating Bayesian latent indicator scale selection, we identified the spatial scales that best explain species–environment relationships with each land cover predictor. We quantified the extent of cross-predictor consistency in characteristic scales, and contrasted this to the expectation given a single species’ characteristic scale.
We found no evidence for a characteristic spatial scale explaining all abundance–environment relationships within species, rather we found substantial variation in scale-dependence across multiple environmental attributes. Furthermore, 33% of species displayed evidence of multiple important spatial scales within environmental attributes.
Within species there is little evidence for a single characteristic scale of environmental relationships and considerable variation in species’ scale dependencies. Because species may respond to multiple environmental attributes at different spatial scales, or single environmental attributes at multiple scales, we caution against any unoptimized single-scale studies. Our results demonstrate that until a framework is developed to predict the scales at which species respond to environmental characteristics, multi-scale investigations must be performed to identify and account for multi-scale dependencies. Natural selection acting on species’ response to distinct environmental attributes, rather than natural selection acting on species’ perception of spatial scales per se, may have shaped patterns of scale dependency and is an area ripe for investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/geb.12998","usgsCitation":"Stuber, E.F., and Fontaine, J.J., 2019, How characteristic is the species characteristic selection scale?: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 28, no. 12, p. 1839-1854, https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12998.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1839","endPage":"1854","ipdsId":"IP-096833","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"28","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuber, Erica F.","contributorId":198581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stuber","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fontaine, Joseph J. 0000-0002-7639-9156 jfontaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-9156","contributorId":3820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Joseph","email":"jfontaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70215187,"text":"70215187 - 2019 - Ecosystem change and population declines in gulls: Shifting baseline considerations for assessing ecological integrity of protected areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-09T14:30:57.307136","indexId":"70215187","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-11T09:21:23","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem change and population declines in gulls: Shifting baseline considerations for assessing ecological integrity of protected areas","docAbstract":"In Lake Superior's Pukaskwa National Park (PNP) in northern Ontario, Canada, herring gull (Larus argentatus) population size is used as an indicator of ecological integrity. Since the 1970s, gull populations have declined by 70% suggesting deteriorating park conditions. However, most other rated park indicators show stable or positive trends. Here, we focus on reconciling these seemingly disparate trends through a better understanding of factors regulating PNP gull populations. Lake-wide declines in surface-schooling prey fish may be limiting aquatic food resources for PNP gulls. To investigate this, we examined gull population trends in different parts of the park in the context of food availability. Gull diets were assessed using regurgitated pellets, egg stable isotopes (nitrogen, carbon) and fatty acids. Population declines were more severe in southern PNP compared to northern PNP and inter-region differences in bird diets likely contributed to these population trends. Gulls in the south relied to a greater extent on dwindling aquatic food resources, i.e., prey fish, while birds in northern PNP supplemented their diets with anthropogenic foods, i.e., garbage. Recognizing that regional declines in aquatic food availability have occurred across eastern Lake Superior is important for the interpretation of PNP gull population trends. Wide-scale ecological changes affecting PNP suggest that factors limiting PNP's herring gull population are not park-specific but, instead, reflect broader ecosystem-wide changes. Defining an appropriate threshold based on current knowledge of ecological conditions on Lake Superior is critical for using herring gull populations as an indicator of park ecological integrity.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quantitative analyses in wildlife science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Johns Hopkins University Press","usgsCitation":"Stuber, E., Chizinski, C., Lusk, J., and Fontaine, J.J., 2019, Multivariate models and analyses, chap. 3 of Quantitative analyses in wildlife science, p. 32-62.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"62","ipdsId":"IP-086961","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368669,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/title/quantitative-analyses-wildlife-science"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuber, Erica","contributorId":198588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stuber","given":"Erica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chizinski, Christopher","contributorId":219974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chizinski","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36892,"text":"University of Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":773693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lusk, Jeffrey","contributorId":219975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lusk","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[{"id":17640,"text":"Nebraska Game and Parks Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":773694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fontaine, Joseph J. 0000-0002-7639-9156 jfontaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-9156","contributorId":3820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Joseph","email":"jfontaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206136,"text":"70206136 - 2019 - Comparing ecological models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-19T13:37:17","indexId":"70206136","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-10T12:42:08","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Comparing ecological models","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quantitative Analyses in Wildlife Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Johns Hopkins University Press","isbn":"9781421431086","usgsCitation":"Hooten, M., and Cooch, E.G., 2019, Comparing ecological models, chap. 4 of Quantitative Analyses in Wildlife Science, p. 63-76.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"76","ipdsId":"IP-086981","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/title/quantitative-analyses-wildlife-science"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205905,"text":"70205905 - 2019 - κ0 and broadband site spectra in Southern California from source model-constrained inversion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-09T12:39:08","indexId":"70205905","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-10T12:35:11","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"κ0 and broadband site spectra in Southern California from source model-constrained inversion","docAbstract":"Ground-motion modeling requires accurate representation of the earthquake source, path, and site. Site amplification is often modeled by VS30, the time-averaged shear-wave velocity of the top 30 meters of the Earth’s surface, though recent studies find that its ability to accurately predict site effects varies. Another measure of the site is κ0, the attenuation of high frequency energy near the site (Anderson & Hough, 1984). We develop a novel application of the Andrews (1986) method to simultaneously invert the spectra of 3,357 earthquakes in Southern California into source and site components. These earthquakes have magnitudes 2.5 to 5.72 and were recorded on 16 stations for a total of 52,297 records. We constrain the inversion with an individual earthquake demonstrating the most Brune-like shape to preserve the site spectra. We then solve for κ0 site amplification at each station in three frequency bands: 1-6 Hz, 6-14 Hz, and 14-35 Hz. The resulting values of κ0 range from 0.017 seconds at ANZA station PFO to 0.059 seconds at ANZA station SND. We compare our results with values of site κ0 from other studies as well as site residuals from GMPEs. We find good agreement between our site κ0 and previous studies in the region. We find that κ0 and high frequency site amplification (14-35 Hz band) correlates well with independent site residuals, making it a good first-order approximation for the effects of site attenuation or amplification on ground motion.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/0120190037","usgsCitation":"Klimasewski, A., Sahakian, V., Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., Boatwright, J., Fletcher, J.P., and Baker, L., 2019, κ0 and broadband site spectra in Southern California from source model-constrained inversion: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 109, no. 5, p. 1878-1889, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190037.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1878","endPage":"1889","ipdsId":"IP-102984","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368166,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190037"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.5849609375,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -113.4228515625,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -113.4228515625,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -124.5849609375,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -124.5849609375,\n 32.76880048488168\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klimasewski, Alexis","contributorId":219664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klimasewski","given":"Alexis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40043,"text":"U. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193037","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., Lewis, K.A., Zyrianova, M.V., Haines, S.S., Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Brownfield, M.E., Gaswirth, S.B., Marra, K.R., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Pitman, J.K., Tennyson, M.E., Woodall, C.A., and Houseknecht, D.W., 2019, Assessment of undiscovered gas hydrate resources in the North Slope of Alaska, 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019–3037, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193037.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-102341","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367178,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HSWE98","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release ","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Northern Alaska Province, Gas Hydrate Assessment Unit Boundaries and Assessment Input Data Forms"},{"id":367176,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3037/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":367177,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3037/fs20193037.pdf","text":"Report","size":"716 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2019-3037"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":" {\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.8603515625,\n 67.20403234340081\n ],\n [\n -141.1083984375,\n 67.20403234340081\n ],\n [\n -141.1083984375,\n 71.42717893107371\n ],\n [\n -166.8603515625,\n 71.42717893107371\n ],\n [\n -166.8603515625,\n 67.20403234340081\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Renewable Energy and Wildlife Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Johns Hopkins University Press","usgsCitation":"Rupp, S., and Ribic, C., 2019, Second-generation feedstocks from dedicated energy crops: Implications for wildlife and wildlife habitat, chap. 4 of Renewable Energy and Wildlife Conservation, p. 64-93.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"93","ipdsId":"IP-098405","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396790,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupp, Susan P.","contributorId":264320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rupp","given":"Susan P.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205276,"text":"70205276 - 2019 - Giant sequoias: Drama on a grand scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-12T10:30:58","indexId":"70205276","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-10T10:27:42","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Giant sequoias: Drama on a grand scale","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Nature of Yosemite: A Visual Journey","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Yosemite Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, N.L., 2019, Giant sequoias: Drama on a grand scale, chap. of The Nature of Yosemite: A Visual Journey, p. 47-49.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-103290","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367341,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.yosemiteconservancystore.com/prod-235-1-2060-15/the-nature-of-yosemite-a-visual-journey.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.76882934570312,\n 37.57723579111111\n ],\n [\n -119.33624267578124,\n 37.57723579111111\n ],\n [\n -119.33624267578124,\n 37.89327929625019\n ],\n [\n -119.76882934570312,\n 37.89327929625019\n ],\n [\n -119.76882934570312,\n 37.57723579111111\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211087,"text":"70211087 - 2019 - On the portability of ML-MC as a depth discriminant for small seismic events recorded at local distances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-15T13:35:11.192548","indexId":"70211087","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-10T10:02:37","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"On the portability of ML-MC as a depth discriminant for small seismic events recorded at local distances","title":"On the portability of ML-MC as a depth discriminant for small seismic events recorded at local distances","docAbstract":"In this paper we show that ML-MC is a viable and regionally portable depth discriminant and therefore may contribute in nuclear test ban treaty verification. A recent study found that the difference between local magnitude (ML) and coda duration magnitude (MC) discriminates shallow seismic events (mining blasts, mining-induced earthquakes, and shallow tectonic earthquakes) from deeper tectonic earthquakes in the Utah region. The shallow seismic events had anomalously high MC values, with increasingly negative ML-MC values as depth decreased. Here we evaluate the performance of ML-MC as a depth discriminant in three new regions, finding that ML-MC increases between 0–9 km depth in all cases. Initially, we investigated ML-MC as a function of depth for naturally occurring earthquakes in the region around Yellowstone National Park, as recorded by the University of Utah Seismograph Stations. For 3,358 Yellowstone earthquakes with well-constrained depths, we found ML-MC increased 0.030 ± 0.007 magnitude units (m.u.) for each 1 km increase in depth up to 10 km depth. Next, we examined ML-MC values for anthropogenic seismicity in northern Oklahoma and southern Kansas, as recorded by the National Earthquake Information Center. For 1,628 events with well-constrained depths, we computed a slope for ML-MC of 0.022 ± 0.010 m.u./km. Finally, we analyzed ML-MC for 28,722 well-located earthquakes in Italy, as recorded by the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, and found an ML-MC slope of 0.018 ± 0.001 m.u./km. In each case, the quoted error bounds represent 95% confidence regions which exclude zero, implying that the depth-dependence of ML-MC is statistically significant. We performed several robustness tests in which we varied the criterion used to define a well-constrained depth and the depth range used in the linear fit. In nearly all cases, we found a positive slope for ML-MC vs. depth at a confidence level above 95%.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120190096","usgsCitation":"Holt, M.M., Koper, K.D., Yeck, W.L., D’Amico, S., Li, Z., Hale, J.M., and Burlacu, R., 2019, On the portability of ML-MC as a depth discriminant for small seismic events recorded at local distances: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 4, no. 109, p. 1661-1673, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190096.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1661","endPage":"1673","ipdsId":"IP-109327","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Kansas, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.39453125,\n 33.706062655101206\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -94.59228515625,\n 39.04478604850143\n ],\n [\n -94.89990234375,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -95.38330078125,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -103.0517578125,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 36.43896124085945\n ],\n [\n -100.04150390625,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -100.04150390625,\n 34.542762387234845\n ],\n [\n -97.8662109375,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -95.09765625,\n 33.706062655101206\n ],\n [\n -94.39453125,\n 33.706062655101206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -109.09423828125,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -104.1064453125,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 46.27103747280261\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 45.62940492064501\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 44.29240108529005\n ],\n [\n -116.96044921875,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -117.00439453125,\n 43.628123412124616\n ],\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 37.09023980307208\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"109","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holt, Monique M.","contributorId":228998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holt","given":"Monique","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37493,"text":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koper, Keith D.","contributorId":175489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koper","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27579,"text":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yeck, William L. 0000-0002-2801-8873 wyeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-8873","contributorId":147558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeck","given":"William","email":"wyeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"D’Amico, Sebastiano","contributorId":228999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’Amico","given":"Sebastiano","affiliations":[{"id":41536,"text":"University of Malta, Msida, Malta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Zongshan","contributorId":229000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Zongshan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41537,"text":"Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hale, J. Mark","contributorId":229001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hale","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":37493,"text":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burlacu, Relu","contributorId":204446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burlacu","given":"Relu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13252,"text":"University of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70205246,"text":"70205246 - 2019 - Factors affecting post-release survival of coded-wire tagged Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Michigan at four historical spawning locations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-28T10:20:26","indexId":"70205246","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-10T09:51:24","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting post-release survival of coded-wire tagged Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Michigan at four historical spawning locations","docAbstract":"Since the 1950s, fishery agencies on Lake Michigan have pursued Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush rehabilitation through Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus control, harvest regulations, and by stocking millions of fish annually. Stocking was prioritized at four historically important spawning locations beginning in 1985, and coded wire tags (CWTs) were used to help evaluate performance. We used data from CWT fish captured in fishery-independent surveys from 1998 – 2014 to evaluate relative post-release survival of Lake Trout, estimated by catch-per-unit-effort and corrected for the number of fish stocked (CPUE), across 173 CWT tag lots of the 1994 – 2003 year classes stocked at these four locations. Boosted regression tree (BRT) models were used to assess the relative influence of four variables on Lake Trout CPUE in two age groups (age 4-5 years and 6-10 years) and paired with analyses of variance to test for statistical significance. Genetic strain (29.1%), stocking location (27.8%), mortality at release (23.1%) and predator density (19.9%) had similar influence on the relative survival of younger fish, whereas relative survival of older fish was heavily influenced by stocking location (79.8%). Survival of both age groups was lowest for fish stocked in the Northern Refuge, where the age structure was truncated due to fishery harvest and Sea Lamprey predation. Survival of stocked fish was higher at the Southern Refuge, Clay Banks, and Julian’s Reef, where mortality from sea lamprey and harvest was lower, and where increases in wild Lake Trout have been observed in recent years. Stocked Lake Michigan remnant genetic strains also appeared to survive better than strains from other lakes at these three locations, but strain effects could not be fully disentangled from effects of stocking location, and continued stocking of multiple genetic strains may provide resiliency toward future selection pressures. Continued progress toward rehabilitation will require reducing fishing and lamprey-induced mortality in northern Lake Michigan to build parental stocks of advanced ages as well as balancing efforts among competing management goals.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10338","usgsCitation":"Kornis, M.S., Bronte, C.R., Holey, M.E., Hanson, S.D., Treska, T.J., Jonas, J.L., Madenjian, C.P., Claramunt, R.M., Robillard, S.R., Breidert, B., Donner, K.C., Lenart, S.J., Martell, A.W., McKee, P.C., and Olson, E., 2019, Factors affecting post-release survival of coded-wire tagged Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Michigan at four historical spawning locations: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 39, no. 5, p. 868-895, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10338.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"868","endPage":"895","ipdsId":"IP-104527","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 46.10370875598026\n ],\n [\n -86.3525390625,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -87.51708984375,\n 45.90529985724799\n ],\n [\n -88.2861328125,\n 44.55916341529182\n ],\n [\n -88.04443359375,\n 43.88205730390537\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -87.29736328125,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -86.66015624999999,\n 41.5579215778042\n ],\n [\n -86.0009765625,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -85.869140625,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -86.02294921875,\n 44.166444664458595\n ],\n [\n -85.84716796875,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -85.18798828125,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -84.7705078125,\n 45.166547157856016\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 46.10370875598026\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kornis, Matthew S.","contributorId":201252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kornis","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":190727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holey, Mark E.","contributorId":212699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holey","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. 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Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jonas, Jory L.","contributorId":215449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jonas","given":"Jory","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Claramunt, Randall M.","contributorId":190497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Claramunt","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Robillard, Steven R.","contributorId":218845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robillard","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":33955,"text":"Illinois Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Breidert, Brian","contributorId":195539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breidert","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34295,"text":"Indiana DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Donner, Kevin C.","contributorId":218846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donner","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":39923,"text":"Little Traverse Bay Band of Odawa Indians","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lenart, Stephen J.","contributorId":218847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lenart","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. 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Unrest began in April 2015 with an increase in the number of daily seismic events and inflation of the flanks of the volcano. Time-lapse gravity measurements started at Cotopaxi volcano in June 2015. Although minor gravity changes were detected prior to eruptive activity, however, the largest gravity variations at Cotopaxi were measured between October 2015 and March 2016, when other geophysical parameters had reached background levels. Inverse modelling of GPS data suggests a deep intrusion prior to the eruptive activity, while inverse modelling of post-eruptive gravity changes suggests variations in the volcano hydrothermal system. Deformation, seismicity, and gravity changes are consistent with the intrusion of a deep magmatic source between April and August 2015. Part of the magma rose from depth and interacted with the hydrothermal system, causing the phreatomagmatic activity and pushing hydrothermal fluids from a deep aquifer into a shallow perched aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106667","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Calahorrano-Di Patre, A., William-Jones, G., Battaglia, M., Mothes, P., Gaunt, E., Zurek, J., Ruiz, M., and Witter, J., 2019, Hydrothermal fluid migration due to interaction with shallow magma: Insights from gravity changes before and after the 2015 eruption of Cotopaxi volcano, Ecuador: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 387, 106667, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106667.","productDescription":"106667, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108094","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science 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Ecuador","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":789016,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Witter, Jeffery","contributorId":224664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Witter","given":"Jeffery","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40906,"text":"Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":789017,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":8}],"authors":[{"text":"Calahorrano-Di Patre, Antonina","contributorId":224661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calahorrano-Di Patre","given":"Antonina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40906,"text":"Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":789010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"William-Jones, Glyn","contributorId":224662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"William-Jones","given":"Glyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40906,"text":"Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":789011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio 0000-0003-4726-5287 mbattaglia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4726-5287","contributorId":204742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","email":"mbattaglia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mothes, Patricia","contributorId":178532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mothes","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaunt, Elizabeth","contributorId":224663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaunt","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28071,"text":"Instituto Geofisico, Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":789035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zurek, Jeffrey","contributorId":191169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zurek","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ruiz, Mario","contributorId":224427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruiz","given":"Mario","affiliations":[{"id":40882,"text":"Instituto Geofísico at the Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":789037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Witter, Jeffery","contributorId":224664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Witter","given":"Jeffery","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40906,"text":"Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":789038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70206062,"text":"70206062 - 2019 - Emerging contaminants in groundwater, karst, and the Edwards Aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T07:04:03","indexId":"70206062","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-10T07:01:25","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Emerging contaminants in groundwater, karst, and the Edwards Aquifer","docAbstract":"Karst aquifers have hydrogeologic characteristics that render them uniquely vulnerable to contamination from emerging contaminants (ECs). ECs comprise numerous chemical groups, including pharmaceuticals, personal-care products, flame retardants, perfluorinated and polyfluorinated compounds, nanoparticles and microplastics. Many ECs have sources, transport pathways, and chemical characteristics that facilitate their infiltration into groundwater, either indirectly from surface water or directly from sources such as landfill leachate and septic systems. What little is known about the occurrence, fate, and transport of ECs in the Edwards aquifer indicates that the aquifer might be increasingly vulnerable to this type of contamination. The natural physical characteristics of this karst aquifer and anthropogenic sources of ECs associated with increased urbanization in central Texas contribute to this vulnerability. In this chapter, we review groups of ECs and their sources, occurrence of ECs in groundwater and karst, and what is known about occurrence of ECs in the Edwards aquifer. We conclude by discussing specific factors, such as rapid flow and contaminant sources, that contribute to the vulnerability of the Edwards aquifer to contamination by ECs.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Edwards Aquifer: The past, present, and future of a vital water resource","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2019.1215(20)","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., and Musgrove, M., 2019, Emerging contaminants in groundwater, karst, and the Edwards Aquifer, chap. of The Edwards Aquifer: The past, present, and future of a vital water resource, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/2019.1215(20).","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098700","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/2019.1215(20)","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":368436,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.74462890625,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -99.25048828124999,\n 28.130127737874005\n ],\n [\n -96.65771484375,\n 30.315987718557867\n ],\n [\n -95.6689453125,\n 32.26855544621476\n ],\n [\n -96.13037109375,\n 33.247875947924385\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 33.22949814144951\n ],\n [\n -98.28369140625,\n 32.0639555946604\n ],\n [\n -99.25048828124999,\n 30.543338954230222\n ],\n [\n -100.74462890625,\n 29.38217507514529\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Musgrove, Marylynn","contributorId":219874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"Marylynn","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203786,"text":"sir20195058 - 2019 - Controls on spatial and temporal variations of brine discharge to the Dolores River in the Paradox Valley, Colorado, 2016–18","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-10T08:04:36","indexId":"sir20195058","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-09T15:55:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-5058","displayTitle":"Controls on Spatial and Temporal Variations of Brine Discharge to the Dolores River in the Paradox Valley, Colorado, 2016–18","title":"Controls on spatial and temporal variations of brine discharge to the Dolores River in the Paradox Valley, Colorado, 2016–18","docAbstract":"The Paradox Valley in southwestern Colorado is a collapsed anticline formed by movement of the salt-rich Paradox Formation at the core of the anticline. The salinity of the Dolores River, a tributary of the Colorado River, increases substantially as it crosses the valley because of discharge of brine-rich groundwater derived from the underlying salts. Although the brine is naturally occurring, it increases the salinity of the Colorado River, which is a major concern to downstream agricultural, municipal, and industrial water users. The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation conducted a study to improve the characterization of processes controlling spatial and temporal variations in brine discharge to the Dolores River. For the study, three geophysical surveys were conducted in March, May, and September 2017, and water levels were monitored in selected ponds and groundwater wells from November 2016 to May 2018. The study also utilized streamflow and specific conductance data from two U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations on the Dolores River to estimate salt load to the river.
River-based continuous resistivity profiling and frequency domain electromagnetic induction surveys made during low-flow conditions indicated a zone of brine-rich groundwater close to the riverbed along an approximately 4-kilometer reach of the river. Under high-flow conditions, the brine was depressed as much as 2 meters below the riverbed, and brine discharge to the river was reduced to a minimum. Direct current electrical resistivity surveys show that the freshwater lens overlying the brine is much thicker (up to 10 meters) on the west bank than on the east bank (less than 5 meters). A large low-conductivity anomaly at river distance 6,800 meters was observed in all surveys and may represent a freshwater discharge zone or a losing reach of the river.
Filling and draining of the wildlife ponds on the west side of the river had a negligible effect on salt loads in the river during the study period. Groundwater monitoring showed there was active exchange of water between the river and the adjacent alluvial aquifer. When river stage was low, groundwater flowed towards the river, and brine discharge to the river increased. When the river stage was high, the gradient was reversed, and fresh surface water recharged the alluvial aquifer minimizing brine discharge. Most of the salt load to the river occurred during the winter and appeared to be enhanced by diurnal stage fluctuations.
A conceptual model of brine discharge to the river is presented at three scales. Groundwater at the regional scale drives dissolution of salt in the Paradox Formation and flow of brine into the base of the alluvial aquifer. Surface water–groundwater interactions at the scale of the alluvial aquifer control brine discharge to the river seasonally and interannually. At the finest scale, diurnal fluctuations in river stage drive exchange of freshwater with saltier pore water in the hyporheic zone, which appears to increase brine discharge to the river during winter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195058","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., and Terry, N., 2019, Controls on spatial and temporal variations of brine discharge to the Dolores River in the Paradox Valley, Colorado, 2016–18: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5058, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195058.\n","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-103865","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437347,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77080NB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Data from Continuous Resistivity Profiles and Electromagnetic Surveys Collected in and adjacent to the Dolores River in the Paradox Valley, Colorado (2017)"},{"id":367271,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5058/sir20195058.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019-5058"},{"id":367270,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5058/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Montrose County","otherGeospatial":"Paradox Valley","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-108.3772,38.6678],[-108.1472,38.6675],[-107.965,38.6664],[-107.9279,38.6661],[-107.9084,38.6664],[-107.8589,38.6663],[-107.8206,38.6664],[-107.7782,38.6661],[-107.7658,38.6663],[-107.741,38.6662],[-107.5011,38.6657],[-107.4992,38.6304],[-107.4989,38.6172],[-107.4992,38.5737],[-107.499,38.5356],[-107.4989,38.4717],[-107.4991,38.4531],[-107.4991,38.4504],[-107.4989,38.4445],[-107.4995,38.4404],[-107.4991,38.4246],[-107.4994,38.4096],[-107.4993,38.4033],[-107.4997,38.3656],[-107.4995,38.3248],[-107.4995,38.3008],[-107.5213,38.301],[-107.6333,38.3005],[-107.6358,38.3095],[-107.633,38.3172],[-107.6314,38.3223],[-107.6292,38.3286],[-107.6339,38.3286],[-107.6867,38.3288],[-107.7049,38.329],[-107.7236,38.3287],[-107.7964,38.329],[-107.8146,38.3292],[-107.8522,38.3291],[-107.8715,38.3293],[-107.9079,38.3292],[-107.9449,38.3295],[-107.9631,38.3296],[-108.0007,38.3304],[-108.0206,38.3305],[-108.1127,38.3312],[-108.1274,38.331],[-108.1276,38.3183],[-108.1165,38.3185],[-108.1163,38.3121],[-108.0987,38.312],[-108.0985,38.283],[-108.0815,38.2828],[-108.0807,38.2547],[-108.0085,38.2537],[-108.0084,38.2482],[-107.9814,38.2477],[-107.981,38.2328],[-107.9628,38.2326],[-107.9627,38.2263],[-107.9468,38.2265],[-107.9466,38.2184],[-107.9367,38.2185],[-107.9367,38.1732],[-107.946,38.1731],[-107.946,38.1517],[-107.9654,38.1519],[-108.0549,38.1522],[-108.2235,38.152],[-108.2411,38.1522],[-108.2587,38.1523],[-108.3336,38.1523],[-108.3506,38.1519],[-108.4641,38.1524],[-108.4841,38.1525],[-108.5397,38.1527],[-108.6304,38.153],[-108.6492,38.1531],[-109.041,38.1531],[-109.0409,38.1603],[-109.0607,38.2768],[-109.0608,38.3304],[-109.0608,38.3521],[-109.0607,38.378],[-109.0607,38.4052],[-109.0606,38.4197],[-109.0604,38.4555],[-109.0604,38.4637],[-109.0602,38.4981],[-109.0602,38.4991],[-108.6635,38.4992],[-108.3791,38.4999],[-108.3771,38.6116],[-108.3772,38.6678]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Montrose\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-415
Denver, CO 80225
We evaluated the prevalence of influenza A virus (IAV) in different species of bivalves inhabiting natural water bodies in waterfowl habitat along the Delmarva Peninsula and Chesapeake Bay in eastern Maryland. Bivalve tissue from clam and mussel specimens (Macoma balthica, Macoma phenax, Mulinia sp., Rangia cuneata, Mya arenaria, Guekensia demissa, and an undetermined mussel species) from five collection sites was analyzed for the presence of type A influenza virus by qPCR targeting the matrix gene. Of the 300 tissue samples analyzed, 13 samples (4.3%) tested positive for presence of influenza virus A matrix gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of detection of IAV in the tissue of any bivalve mollusk from a natural water body.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms7090334","usgsCitation":"Densmore, C., Iwanowicz, D., McLaughlin, S.M., Ottinger, C., Spires, J.E., and Iwanowicz, L., 2019, Influenza A virus detected in native bivalves in waterfowl habitat of the Delmarva Peninsula, USA: Microorganisms, v. 7, 334, 7p., https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090334.","productDescription":"334, 7p.","ipdsId":"IP-111178","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090334","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay, Delmarva Penninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 37.709899354855125\n ],\n [\n -75.487060546875,\n 37.709899354855125\n ],\n [\n -75.487060546875,\n 39.58875727696545\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 39.58875727696545\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 37.709899354855125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Christine L. 0000-0001-6440-0781","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6440-0781","contributorId":204739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine L.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Deborah D. 0000-0002-9613-8594","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-8594","contributorId":213902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Deborah D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":770786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, Shawn M.","contributorId":218966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ottinger, Christopher 0000-0003-2551-1985","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":205874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spires, Jason E.","contributorId":218967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spires","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. 0000-0002-1197-6178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":205661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":770790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70215387,"text":"70215387 - 2019 - Monitoring drought impact on annual forage production in semi-arid grasslands: A case study of Nebraska sandhills","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-18T14:02:49.47461","indexId":"70215387","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-09T08:58:19","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring drought impact on annual forage production in semi-arid grasslands: A case study of Nebraska sandhills","docAbstract":"Reduced connectivity created by artificial barriers can influence the genetic integrity of isolated subpopulations by reducing local population sizes and altering patterns of gene flow. We investigated the genetic impacts of one such barrier, the Prairie du Sac dam, Wisconsin, USA, using microsatellite data from six fish species with varying life history traits sampled above and below the dam. Contrary to many past studies in other systems, we did not detect any significant differences in genetic diversity between populations found above and below the Prairie du Sac dam. Our results also revealed low genetic differentiation (FST = 0–0.008) between populations above and below the dam for all species. In fact, we found that more genetic variation was partitioned among sampling years than between above and below dam populations for all but one of the species. Results from coalescent simulations designed to model our study system indicated that the genetic impacts of the dam will likely be detectable approximately 40–60 generations after the dam was constructed, and that it is possible to largely mitigate these impacts with a fish passage strategy that facilitates a migration rate of ≥ 1% between above and below dam populations. In summary, our findings suggest the genetic impacts of dams can be relatively minimal on short time scales, and that fish passage strategies can significantly reduce genetic impacts if designed appropriately.
The yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) reaches the southern edge of its geographic range in New Mexico, where it is known from the San Juan and Sangre de Cristo Mountains. We provide a synopsis of the geographic range of M. flaviventris in New Mexico and report 5 recent records from the Jemez Mountains, Los Alamos and Sandoval Counties. Of the 5 records from the Jemez Mountains, 3 were obtained at high-elevation sites (>2690 m) during routine fieldwork and while conducting surveys for the American pika (Ochotona princeps), and 2 were from a residential area at relatively low elevation (2204 m) on a finger-mesa in Los Alamos. We evaluate 3 hypotheses for the provenance of the new records and conclude that M. flaviventris has maintained a relictual occurrence in the Jemez Mountains, but that the recent detections were due to (1) increased mammalogy fieldwork at high elevations, digital camera technology, and social media that allowed mammalogists to become aware of observations, and (2) possibly altered behavior by marmots due to impacts of recent widespread wildfire. Because small, isolated populations of marmots are vulnerable to extinction, research is needed to assess the status and trend of marmots in the Jemez Mountains, as well as in adjacent mountain ranges in New Mexico, with emphasis on identifying conservation threats and prospects for long-term persistence in the state.
Soil carbon has been measured for over a century in applications ranging from understanding biogeochemical processes in natural ecosystems to quantifying the productivity and health of managed systems. Consolidating diverse soil carbon datasets is increasingly important to maximize their value, particularly with growing anthropogenic and climate change pressures. In this progress report, we describe recent advances in soil carbon data led by the International Soil Carbon Network and other networks. We highlight priority areas of research requiring soil carbon data, including (a) quantifying boreal, arctic and wetland carbon stocks, (b) understanding the timescales of soil carbon persistence using radiocarbon and chronosequence studies, (c) synthesizing long-term and experimental data to inform carbon stock vulnerability to global change, (d) quantifying root influences on soil carbon and (e) identifying gaps in model–data integration. We also describe the landscape of soil datasets currently available, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses and synergies. Now more than ever, integrated soil data are needed to inform climate mitigation, land management and agricultural practices. This report will aid new data users in navigating various soil databases and encourage scientists to make their measurements publicly available and to join forces to find soil-related solutions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage","doi":"10.1177/0309133319873309","usgsCitation":"Avni Malhotra, Katherine Todd-Brown, Luke Nave, Batjes, N., Holmquist, J., Alison Hoyt, Colleen Iversen, Jackson, R.B., Lathja, K., Lawrence, C.R., Olga Vinduśková, Wieder, W., Williams, M., Gustaf Hugelias, and Harden, J., 2019, The landscape of soil carbon data: Emerging questions, synergies and databases: Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, v. 43, no. 5, p. 707-719, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133319873309.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"719","ipdsId":"IP-106672","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1564214","text":"External 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70207578,"text":"70207578 - 2019 - Environmental gradients influence differences in leaf functional traits between native and non-native plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-31T08:42:15","indexId":"70207578","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-07T07:40:16","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental gradients influence differences in leaf functional traits between native and non-native plants","docAbstract":"Determining the characteristics of non-native plants that can successfully establish and spread is central to pressing questions in invasion ecology. Evidence suggests that some non-native species establish and spread in new environments because they possess characteristics (functional traits) that allow them to either successfully compete with native residents or fill previously unfilled niches. However, the relative importance of out-competing native species vs. filling empty niche space as potential mechanisms of invasion may depend on environmental characteristics. Here, we measured plant functional traits, proxies indicative of competitive and establishment strategies, to determine if these traits vary among native and invasive species and if their prevalence is dependent on environmental conditions. Using a natural environmental gradient in Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park, we evaluated how functional traits differ between native and non-native plant communities and if these differences change along an environmental gradient from hot, dry to cool, wet conditions. Functional trait differences suggested that both competition and open niche space may be important for invasion. Non-native communities tended to have traits associated with faster growth strategies such as higher specific leaf area and lower leaf thickness. However, native and non-native community traits became more dissimilar along the gradient, suggesting that non-native species may be occupying previously unfilled niche space at the hot, dry end of the gradient. We also found that most of the variation in functional trait values amongst plots was due to species turnover rather than intraspecific variation. These results highlight the role of environmental context when considering invasion mechanisms.