1. Climate change has been identified as one of the most important drivers of wildlife populations. The development of appropriate conservation strategies relies on reliable predictions of population responses to climate change, which require in-depth understanding of the complex relationships between climate and population dynamics through density dependent demographic processes. Integrated population models (IPMs) are a type of modeling approach that unify the analyses of demography and abundance data, providing opportunities to understand and predict population demography and dynamics under climate change. 2. In this study we developed dynamic N-mixture models for large scale population estimates, which became an important component of the IPM we used in data analysis. We then analyzed four decades (1974-2014) of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) breeding population survey, band-recovery, and climate data covering a large spatial extent from North American prairies through boreal habitat to Alaska. Our goals were to examine the complex relationships among climate, density dependent processes, waterfowl population demography and dynamics, identify the key demographic parameters that are sensitive to climate change and are influential to population growth, and forecast population responses to climate change. 3. Our results revealed the interactive effects of temperature and density dependent processes on Mallard recruitment and to a less extent apparent survival. We also found that recruitment explained more variance of population growth than apparent survival. We then forecasted a decrease in Mallard breeding population density in the Northern Prairie Potholes and an increase in Mallard breeding population density in the northern part of our study area, indicating potential shifts in Mallard population dynamics under future climate change. 4. Synthesis and applications Different strategies need to be considered across regions to conserve waterfowl populations under climate change. Strategies that facilitate recruitment are essential for high-density populations that are relatively vulnerable to climate change. By contrast, low-density populations are relatively resilient to climate change and their habitats may serve as future climate refugia. Adaptive management is essential for evaluating management consequences. Our modelling framework approach can be easily adapted for other species and thus has wide applications in ecology and conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.04548","usgsCitation":"Qing Zhao, Boomer, S., and Royle, A., 2019, Integrated modeling reveals shifts in waterfowl population dynamics under climate change: Ecography, v. 42, no. 9, p. 1470-1481, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.04548.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1470","endPage":"1481","ipdsId":"IP-102365","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -180.703125,\n 52.696361078274485\n ],\n [\n -172.08984375,\n 49.724479188712984\n ],\n [\n -147.48046875,\n 59.44507509904714\n ],\n [\n -127.96875,\n 60.1524422143808\n ],\n [\n -128.32031249999997,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -105.99609375,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -104.58984375,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -99.31640625,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 49.95121990866204\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 52.482780222078226\n ],\n [\n -128.84765625,\n 70.90226826757711\n ],\n [\n -161.89453125,\n 73.17589717422607\n ],\n [\n -180.703125,\n 52.696361078274485\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qing Zhao","contributorId":213383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qing Zhao","affiliations":[{"id":38743,"text":"Univ. Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boomer, Scott","contributorId":218697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boomer","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7199,"text":"US FWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":146229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203063,"text":"sir20195028 - 2019 - Flood-inundation maps for the Amite and Comite Rivers from State Highway 64 to U.S. Highway 190 at Central, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-07T12:56:46","indexId":"sir20195028","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-07T08:40:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-5028","displayTitle":"Flood-Inundation Maps for the Amite and Comite Rivers From State Highway 64 To U.S. Highway 190 at Central, Louisiana","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Amite and Comite Rivers from State Highway 64 to U.S. Highway 190 at Central, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Flood-inundation maps for a 14.5-mile reach of the Amite River and a 20.2-mile reach of the Comite River from State Highway 64 to U.S. Highway 190 were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Central, Louisiana. These maps, which can be accessed through an interactive mapper at the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Program website and from a companion USGS data release, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgages Amite River at Magnolia, La., (07377300) and Comite River near Comite, La. (07378000).
Flood profiles were computed for the Amite and Comite River reaches by using the two-dimensional (2D), finite-volume numerical modeling options in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (USACE HEC-RAS) software version 5.0.3. Models were calibrated to the current (2018) stage-discharge relations at the Amite River at Magnolia, La., and Comite River near Comite, La., streamgages, water-surface profiles from the March and August 2016 floods, and documented high-water marks from the flood of August 2016.
The hydraulic models were used to compute 37 individual water-surface profiles (21 for the Amite River and 16 for the Comite River) at 1.0-foot intervals ranging from the National Weather Service flood stage to the highest peak on record at the two streamgages. The 37 simulated water-surface profiles were used with a light detection and ranging-derived digital elevation model to delineate the flood extent and associated depth at each water level. The delineated areas (inundation maps) were merged into 127 combinations or possible flooding scenarios based on annual peak stage information from the two streamgaging stations.
The availability of these maps, along with real-time data delivered via the internet, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood-response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for recovery efforts after floods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Central, Louisiana","usgsCitation":"Storm, J.B., 2019, Flood-inundation maps for the Amite and Comite Rivers from State Highway 64 to U.S. Highway 190 at Central, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5028, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195028.\n","productDescription":"Report: viii, 20 p.; Data Release; Flood Inundation Mapper","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-100404","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363430,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5028/sir20195028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.91 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5028"},{"id":363431,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PQKSYF","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Flood Inundation Maps for the Amite and Comite Rivers from State Highway 64 to U.S. Highway 190 – City of Central, Louisiana"},{"id":363429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5028/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":363432,"rank":4,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/flood-inundation-mapping-fim-program?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects","text":"Flood Inundation Mapper","description":"Flood Inundation Mapper"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.3123779296875,\n 28.859107573773\n ],\n [\n -93.3123779296875,\n 31.475524020001806\n ],\n [\n -89.879150390625,\n 31.475524020001806\n ],\n [\n -89.879150390625,\n 28.859107573773\n ],\n [\n -93.3123779296875,\n 28.859107573773\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Ste 100
Nashville, TN 37211
Managing recreational fisheries in lake-rich landscapes with diverse fish communities and anglers alike presents a social and biological challenge for managers. Understanding angler preferences is central to navigating these challenges and can aid in predicting shifts in angler behavior in response to management actions or changing fish populations. Species-specific angler surveys do not incorporate tradeoffs inherent in multispecies fisheries, thus limiting their application to real-world management issues. To better understand angler preferences in relation to realistic tradeoffs among different fishing opportunities, we conducted a survey of Wisconsin anglers in 2013–2014 that included questions requiring anglers to choose between fisheries providing different outcomes. We used stated-preference modeling to quantify angler preferences associated with Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, and Walleye Sander vitreus fisheries. Next, we conducted a latent class analysis using survey responses to classify anglers into subgroups. Finally, we assessed the sensitivity of angler choice to changes in fishing opportunities. Results of the stated-preference models indicated that both residents and nonresidents largely prefer “quality” (i.e., moderate catch rate and size structure) over “action” or “trophy” Bluegill fisheries and that characteristics of Largemouth Bass fisheries have more value to nonresidents than to residents. Aspects of the Bluegill fishery were most important in choosing among hypothetical lakes for resident respondents. Five angler subgroups were identified that show the importance of Bluegill and Walleye but shed additional light on anglers’ commitment level and nonresidents’ preference for Largemouth Bass. In addition, simulations of changes in Walleye, Largemouth Bass, and Bluegill fisheries indicated that maintenance of quality Bluegill fisheries is important to ensuring continued angler participation, while the retention of high-yield Walleye fisheries is likely paramount to a subgroup of anglers. Our results offer insight into angler preferences across the lake-rich landscape of Wisconsin and demonstrate how angler behavior may shift in response to transitions in fishing opportunities.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10301","usgsCitation":"Tingley, R.W., Hansen, J., Iserman, D., Fulton, D.C., Musch, A., and Paukert, C.P., 2019, Characterizing angler preferences for Largemouth Bass, Bluegill, and Walleye fisheries in Wisconsin: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 39, no. 4, p. 676-692, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10301.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"676","endPage":"692","ipdsId":"IP-103338","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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A.","affiliations":[{"id":17717,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fulton, David C. 0000-0001-5763-7887 dcf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5763-7887","contributorId":2208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"David","email":"dcf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Musch, A.","contributorId":264871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Musch","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":245524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204650,"text":"70204650 - 2019 - Effects of 21st century climate, land use, and disturbances on ecosystem carbon balance in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-16T12:26:19","indexId":"70204650","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-07T07:59:21","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of 21st century climate, land use, and disturbances on ecosystem carbon balance in California","docAbstract":"Terrestrial ecosystems are an important sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), sequestering ~30% of annual anthropogenic emissions and slowing the rise of atmospheric CO2. However, the future direction and magnitude of the land sink is highly uncertain. We examined how historical and projected changes in climate, land use, and ecosystem disturbances affect the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in California over the period 2001–2100. We modeled 32 unique scenarios, spanning 4 land use and 2 radiative forcing scenarios as simulated by four global climate models. Between 2001 and 2015, carbon storage in California's terrestrial ecosystems declined by −188.4 Tg C, with a mean annual flux ranging from a source of −89.8 Tg C/year to a sink of 60.1 Tg C/year. The large variability in the magnitude of the state's carbon source/sink was primarily attributable to interannual variability in weather and climate, which affected the rate of carbon uptake in vegetation and the rate of ecosystem respiration. Under nearly all future scenarios, carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems was projected to decline, with an average loss of −9.4% (−432.3 Tg C) by the year 2100 from current stocks. However, uncertainty in the magnitude of carbon loss was high, with individual scenario projections ranging from −916.2 to 121.2 Tg C and was largely driven by differences in future climate conditions projected by climate models. Moving from a high to a low radiative forcing scenario reduced net ecosystem carbon loss by 21% and when combined with reductions in land‐use change (i.e., moving from a high to a low land‐use scenario), net carbon losses were reduced by 55% on average. However, reconciling large uncertainties associated with the effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 is needed to better constrain models used to establish baseline conditions from which ecosystem‐based climate mitigation strategies can be evaluated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.14677","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., Marvin, D., Cameron, D.R., Selmants, P., Westerling, L., Kreitler, J.R., Colin Daniel, Liu, J., and Wilson, T., 2019, Effects of 21st century climate, land use, and disturbances on ecosystem carbon balance in California: Global Change Biology, v. 25, no. 10, p. 3334-3353, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14677.","productDescription":"22 P.","startPage":"3334","endPage":"3353","ipdsId":"IP-098389","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467637,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14677","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KVF795","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Land change and 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Rapid Ohia Death (ROD), caused by the vascular wilt fungus Ceratocystis lukuohia and the canker pathogen C. huliohia, was first detected in the Puna District of Hawaii Island in 2010. It affects all life stages of ‘ōhi’a and as of July 2018 had spread to an estimated 40,469 ha across Hawaii Island. To determine the impact of ROD on the forest bird community we conducted point counts in lowland ‘ōhi’a forest in 2016 and compared them to counts from 2003 to 2004, before the appearance of ROD. We found an increase in species diversity and a significant decrease in the densities of a native Hawaiian honeycreeper, the Hawaii Amakihi (Chlorodrepanus virens), and the nonnative Japanese White-eye (Zosterops japonicus). Yellow-fronted Canary (Crithagra mozambica) and Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola), 2 nonnative passerines associated with the shrub layer and more open habitats, were only detected in 2016. Proportion of survey points occupied were comparable between survey periods, but relative abundances were generally lower. Hawaii Amakihi densities declined by 79% and Japanese White-eye densities declined by 33%. Our findings suggest that the loss of ‘ōhi’a canopy due primarily to ROD has adversely affected populations of native Hawaii Amakihi and nonnative Japanese White-eye, 2 of the most abundant species of lowland Hawaiian forests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/duz007","usgsCitation":"Camp, R.J., Lapointe, D., Hart, P.J., Sedgwick, D.E., and Canale, L.K., 2019, Large-scale tree mortality from Rapid Ohia Death negatively influences avifauna in lower Puna, Hawai‘i Island, USA: Condor, v. 121, no. 2, duz007, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duz007.","productDescription":"duz007, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-100915","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duz007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawaii Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.79461669921875,\n 19.52355289169168\n ],\n [\n -154.9896240234375,\n 19.65034760400336\n ],\n [\n -154.99237060546875,\n 19.74085399284272\n ],\n [\n -155.08026123046875,\n 19.735683578629445\n ],\n [\n -155.093994140625,\n 19.87005983797396\n ],\n [\n -155.17913818359375,\n 19.970767385432207\n ],\n [\n -155.4730224609375,\n 20.115260603847357\n ],\n [\n -155.61859130859375,\n 20.146206116089946\n ],\n [\n -155.84930419921875,\n 20.285384944611792\n ],\n [\n -155.9234619140625,\n 20.2209657795223\n ],\n [\n -155.8740234375,\n 20.04303061200023\n ],\n [\n -155.83831787109375,\n 19.996579489582643\n ],\n [\n -155.95367431640625,\n 19.85456068070104\n ],\n [\n -156.0498046875,\n 19.80030171299976\n ],\n [\n -156.07177734375,\n 19.71241464369998\n ],\n [\n -156.0113525390625,\n 19.577905706819973\n ],\n [\n -155.94268798828125,\n 19.44846418467642\n ],\n [\n -155.90972900390625,\n 19.27744323287618\n ],\n [\n -155.93994140625,\n 19.090671130438317\n ],\n [\n -155.8795166015625,\n 19.033559718886284\n ],\n [\n -155.71197509765625,\n 18.955648870479035\n ],\n [\n -155.687255859375,\n 18.903688072314985\n ],\n [\n -155.5828857421875,\n 18.97383132929355\n ],\n [\n -155.51422119140625,\n 19.108838815166006\n ],\n [\n -155.40435791015622,\n 19.17111285978146\n ],\n [\n -155.2972412109375,\n 19.228176737766262\n ],\n [\n -155.1434326171875,\n 19.243736176569485\n ],\n [\n -154.96765136718747,\n 19.329286698998818\n ],\n [\n -154.786376953125,\n 19.49248592618279\n ],\n [\n -154.79461669921875,\n 19.52355289169168\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"121","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Camp, Richard J. 0000-0001-7008-923X rick_camp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-923X","contributorId":189964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard","email":"rick_camp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPointe, Dennis A. 0000-0002-6323-263X dlapointe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-263X","contributorId":150365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPointe","given":"Dennis","email":"dlapointe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Patrick J.","contributorId":147728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sedgwick, Daniel E","contributorId":245176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedgwick","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":13341,"text":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Canale, Lisa K","contributorId":245177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canale","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":13341,"text":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70203938,"text":"70203938 - 2019 - Wildfires as an ecosystem service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-24T16:12:15","indexId":"70203938","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-06T16:10:12","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildfires as an ecosystem service","docAbstract":"Wildfires are often viewed as destructive disturbances. We propose that when including both evolutionary and socioecological scales, most ecosystem fires can be understood as natural processes that provide a variety of benefits to humankind. Wildfires provide open habitats that enable the evolution of a diversity of shade-intolerant plants and animals that have long been used by humans. There are many provisioning, regulating, and cultural services that we obtain from wildfires; prescribed fires and wildfire management are tools for mimicking the ancestral role of wildfires in a highly populated world.","language":"English","publisher":"The Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/fee.2044","usgsCitation":"Pausas, J.G., and Keeley, J., 2019, Wildfires as an ecosystem service: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 17, no. 5, p. 289-295, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2044.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"295","ipdsId":"IP-098148","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2044","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":364968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pausas, Juli G.","contributorId":197439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pausas","given":"Juli","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":216485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203466,"text":"70203466 - 2019 - Jump-starting coastal wetland restoration: A comparison of marsh and mangrove foundation species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-20T13:15:33","indexId":"70203466","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-06T14:16:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Jump-starting coastal wetland restoration: A comparison of marsh and mangrove foundation species","docAbstract":"During coastal wetland restoration, foundation plant species play a critical role in creating habitat, modulating ecosystem functions, and supporting ecological communities. Following initial hydrologic restoration, foundation plant species can help stabilize sediments and jump-start ecosystem development. Different foundation species, however, have different traits and environmental tolerances. To understand how these traits and tolerances impact restoration trajectories, there is a need for comparative studies among foundation species. In subtropical and tropical climates, coastal wetland restoration practitioners can sometimes choose between salt marsh and/or mangrove foundation species. Here, we compared the early life history traits and environmental tolerances of two foundation species: (1) a salt marsh grass (Spartina alterniflora), and (2) a mangrove tree (Avicennia germinans). In an 18-month study of a recently-restored coastal wetland in southeastern Louisiana (USA), we examined growth and survival along an elevation gradient and compared expansion and recruitment rates. We found that the rapid growth, expansion, and recruitment rates of the salt marsh grass make it a better species for quickly establishing ecological structure at suitable elevations. The slower growth, limited expansion, and lower recruitment of the mangrove species show its limited capacity for immediate structural restoration, especially in areas where it co-occurs with perennial salt marsh foundation species. Our findings suggest that the structural attributes needed in recently-restored areas (e.g., erosion control, vegetation structure) can be achieved more quickly using fast-growing foundation marsh species. Following salt marsh grass establishment, mangroves can then be used to further assist ecosystem development. This work highlights how appropriate foundation species can help jump-start ecosystem development to meet restoration objectives.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.12963","usgsCitation":"Yando, E.S., Osland, M., Jones, S., and Hester, M.W., 2019, Jump-starting coastal wetland restoration: A comparison of marsh and mangrove foundation species: Restoration Ecology, v. 27, no. 5, p. 1145-1154, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12963.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1145","endPage":"1154","ipdsId":"IP-102585","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yando, Erik S.","contributorId":127788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yando","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7155,"text":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osland, Michael 0000-0001-9902-8692","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-8692","contributorId":215601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Scott 0000-0002-1056-3785","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1056-3785","contributorId":215602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hester, Mark W.","contributorId":195572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hester","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":34316,"text":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203418,"text":"70203418 - 2019 - Using the beta distribution to analyze plant cover data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T22:36:11.861338","indexId":"70203418","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-06T13:34:46","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using the beta distribution to analyze plant cover data","docAbstract":"Most plant species are spatially aggregated. Local demographic and ecological processes (e.g. vegetative growth and limited seed dispersal) result in a clustered spatial pattern within an environmentally homogenous area. Spatial aggregation should be considered when modelling plant abundance data.
Commonly, plant abundance is quantified by measuring cover within multiple areal plots or along multiple lines randomly placed within a study area. A common practice for analyzing plant cover is to use statistical methods that rely on the normal distribution for quantifying uncertainty. This is problematic because plant cover data tend to be left‐skewed (J‐shaped), right skewed (L‐shaped) or U‐shaped and, therefore, commonly violate classic statistical assumptions, such as normality.
We outline statistical analyses that explicitly account for spatial aggregation by assuming that plant cover is beta‐distributed. The beta distribution is a flexible choice because within the open unit interval it can take on a wide range of shapes (L, J, U, or a bell‐shaped). We discuss and introduce extensions to the beta distribution that address common analysis issues encountered in plant cover datasets, such as i) the treatment of zero and one cover values, ii) hierarchical data structures, and iii) observations errors. For heuristic purposes, we focus on single species analyses, but we demonstrate how the outlined methods can be generalized to more species.
The assumption that plant cover is beta‐distributed allows us to estimate the degree of spatial aggregation, and the ecological significance of this new knowledge is discussed. We provide a summary of available software for analyses (emphasizing standard R packages) and include worked examples and a simulation study comparing analysis options as supplemental information.
Synthesis. Previously, the state of the statistical software made it practically difficult for empirical plant ecologists to analyze their cover data correctly, but new theory and R‐packages have been developed, and this difficulty no longer exists. We recommend that empirical plant ecologists embrace the new statistical possibilities for exploring the exciting ecological features in spatial variation of plant cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.13200","usgsCitation":"Damgaard, C., and Irvine, K., 2019, Using the beta distribution to analyze plant cover data: Journal of Ecology, v. 107, no. 6, p. 2747-2759, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13200.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2747","endPage":"2759","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-097332","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467640,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13200","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Damgaard, Christian","contributorId":215533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Damgaard","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37318,"text":"Aarhus University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":214591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203057,"text":"fs20193024 - 2019 - Remote sensing of river flow in Alaska—New technology to improve safety and expand coverage of USGS streamgaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-07T10:15:04","indexId":"fs20193024","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-06T12:49:17","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-3024","displayTitle":"Remote Sensing of Streamflow in Alaska Rivers—New Technology to Improve Safety and Expand Coverage of USGS Streamgaging","title":"Remote sensing of river flow in Alaska—New technology to improve safety and expand coverage of USGS streamgaging","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey monitors water level (water surface elevation relative to an arbitrary datum) and measures streamflow in Alaska rivers to compute and compile river flow records for use by water resource planners, engineers, and land managers to design infrastructure, manage floodplains, and protect life, property, and aquatic resources. Alaska has over 800,000 miles of rivers including the Yukon River, the third longest river in the United States. These rivers are home to rare and important ecosystems and are used for recreation, hydropower generation, commercial fishing, and transportation. River flow measurements are essential for wise and safe development and use of Alaska rivers.
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Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
Surrogate species can provide an efficient mechanism for biodiversity conservation if they encompass the needs or indicate the status of a broader set of species. When species that are the focus of ongoing management efforts act as effective surrogates for other species, these incidental surrogacy benefits lead to additional efficiency. Assessing surrogate relationships often relies on grouping species by distributional patterns or by species traits, but there are few approaches for integrating outputs from multiple methods into summaries of surrogate relationships that can inform decision‐making.
Prairie Pothole Region of the United States.
We evaluated how well five upland‐nesting waterfowl species that are a focus of management may act as surrogates for other wetland‐dependent birds. We grouped species by their patterns of relative abundance at multiple scales and by different sets of traits, and evaluated whether empirical validation could effectively select among the resulting species groupings. We used an ensemble approach to integrate the different estimated relationships among species and visualized the ensemble as a network diagram.
Estimated relationships among species were sensitive to methodological decisions, with qualitatively different relationships arising from different approaches. An ensemble provided an effective tool for integrating across different estimates and highlighted the Sora (Porzana carolina), American Avocet (Recurvirostra Americana) and Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) as the non‐waterfowl species expected to show the strongest incidental surrogacy relationships with the waterfowl that are the focus of ongoing management.
An ensemble approach integrated multiple estimates of surrogate relationship strength among species and allowed for intuitive visualizations within a network. By accounting for methodological uncertainty while providing a simple continuous metric of surrogacy, our approach is amenable to both further validation and integration into decision‐making.
Many agencies overlook the values affiliated with relatively small fisheries throughout their jurisdictions. The economic activity associated with angling visits to seven small fisheries in South Dakota was estimated using IMPLAN software. The average economic activity associated with fishing at individual lakes in 2016 was US\\$35,369/lake, which was estimated to support an average of 0.48 jobs and create \\$5,572 in tax revenues. We observed that lakes with the highest proportions of ice fishing pressure also had the greatest associated economic activity, even though several of these had the lowest overall fishing pressure throughout the year. In addition to economic activity, the zone of influence for each lake was estimated and compared with the proximity to urban centers. The inclusion of economic information from small fisheries may play an important role in influencing key strategic planning efforts by management agencies and in estimating the overall economic importance of angling on broader scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/fsh.10261","usgsCitation":"Sundmark, A., and Gigliotti, L.M., 2019, Economic activity generated by angling at small South Dakota lakes: Fisheries Magazine, v. 44, no. 7, p. 321-330, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10261.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"330","ipdsId":"IP-099884","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"44","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sundmark, Aaron P.","contributorId":274354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sundmark","given":"Aaron P.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gigliotti, Larry M. 0000-0002-1693-5113 lgigliotti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-5113","contributorId":3906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gigliotti","given":"Larry","email":"lgigliotti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203365,"text":"70203365 - 2019 - The ecological uncertainty of wildfire fuel breaks: Examples from the sagebrush steppe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T22:37:23.109483","indexId":"70203365","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-06T09:56:03","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ecological uncertainty of wildfire fuel breaks: Examples from the sagebrush steppe","docAbstract":"Fuel breaks are increasingly being implemented at broad scales (100s to 10,000s of square kilometers) in fire‐prone landscapes globally, yet there is little scientific information available regarding their ecological effects (eg habitat fragmentation). Fuel breaks are designed to reduce flammable vegetation (ie fuels), increase the safety and effectiveness of fire‐suppression operations, and ultimately decrease the extent of wildfire spread. In sagebrush (Artemisia spp) ecosystems of the western US, installation of extensive linear fuel breaks is also intended to protect habitat, especially for the greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a species that is sensitive to habitat fragmentation. We examine this apparent contradiction in the Great Basin region, where invasive annual grasses have increased wildfire activity and threaten sagebrush ecosystems. Given uncertain outcomes, we examine how implementation of fuel breaks might (1) directly alter ecosystems, (2) create edges and edge effects, (3) serve as vectors for wildlife movement and plant invasions, (4) fragment otherwise contiguous sagebrush landscapes, and (5) benefit from scientific investigation intended to disentangle their ecological costs and benefits.
Methane hydrate occurs naturally under pressure and temperature conditions that are not straightforward to replicate experimentally. Xenon has emerged as an attractive laboratory alternative to methane for studying hydrate formation and dissociation in multiphase systems, given that it forms hydrates under milder conditions. However, building reliable analogies between the two hydrates requires systematic comparisons, which are currently lacking. We address this gap by developing a theoretical and computational model of gas hydrates under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. We first compare equilibrium phase behaviors of the Xe·H2O and CH4·H2O systems by calculating their isobaric phase diagram, and then study the nonequilibrium kinetics of interfacial hydrate growth using a phase field model. Our results show that Xe·H2O is a good experimental analog to CH4·H2O, but there are key differences to consider. In particular, the aqueous solubility of xenon is altered by the presence of hydrate, similar to what is observed for methane; but xenon is consistently less soluble than methane. Xenon hydrate has a wider nonstoichiometry region, which could lead to a thicker hydrate layer at the gas‐liquid interface when grown under similar kinetic forcing conditions. For both systems, our numerical calculations reveal that hydrate nonstoichiometry coupled with hydrate formation dynamics leads to a compositional gradient across the hydrate layer, where the stoichiometric ratio increases from the gas‐facing side to the liquid‐facing side. Our analysis suggests that accurate composition measurements could be used to infer the kinetic history of hydrate formation in natural settings where gas is abundant.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019GC008250","usgsCitation":"Fu, X., Waite, W., Cueto-Felgueroso, L., and Juanes, R., 2019, Xenon hydrate as an analogue of methane hydrate in geologic systems out of thermodynamic equilibrium: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 20, no. 5, p. 2462-2472, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008250.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2462","endPage":"2472","ipdsId":"IP-104816","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gc008250","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":364547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fu, Xiaojing 0000-0001-7120-704X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7120-704X","contributorId":216142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fu","given":"Xiaojing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cueto-Felgueroso, Luis","contributorId":216143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cueto-Felgueroso","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juanes, Ruben","contributorId":216144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juanes","given":"Ruben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70227778,"text":"70227778 - 2019 - Activity patterns and temporal predator avoidance of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during the fawning season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T14:57:59.405434","indexId":"70227778","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-06T08:53:35","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2271,"text":"Journal of Ethology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Activity patterns and temporal predator avoidance of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during the fawning season","title":"Activity patterns and temporal predator avoidance of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during the fawning season","docAbstract":"In the presence of a predator, prey may alter their temporal activity patterns to reduce the risk of an encounter that may induce injury or death. Prey perception of predation risk and antipredator responses may increase in the presence of dependent offspring. We conducted a camera trap study during summer 2015 in North Carolina and Tennessee, USA to evaluate temporal avoidance of a predator (coyote Canis latrans) by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We analyzed activity patterns of bucks, does, and nursery groups (i.e., groups that included fawns) relative to those of coyotes to determine the coefficient of overlap (Δ) using a kernel density estimator. We found that bucks and does had similar Δ with coyotes [Δ1 = 0.729 (0.629–0.890) and Δ1 = 0.686 (0.558–0.816, respectively] and exhibited crepuscular activity patterns comparable to those of coyotes. However, nursery groups displayed a dramatically different activity pattern: unimodal activity was concentrated in the middle of the day with little overlap with coyote activity [Δ1 = 0.362 (0.176–0.491)]. Because adult deer are rarely prey for coyotes, whereas fawns are common prey during summer, the shift in activity patterns of nursery groups demonstrates a behavioral shift likely aimed at avoiding coyote predation on fawns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10164-019-00599-1","usgsCitation":"Higdon, S., Diggins, C., Cherry, M.J., and Ford, W., 2019, Activity patterns and temporal predator avoidance of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during the fawning season: Journal of Ethology, v. 37, p. 283-290, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10164-019-00599-1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"290","ipdsId":"IP-092664","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98837","text":"External Repository"},{"id":395134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -84.1552734375,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -79.89257812499999,\n 34.84987503195418\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -77.0361328125,\n 33.394759218577995\n ],\n [\n -75.1904296875,\n 35.42486791930558\n ],\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 36.59788913307022\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higdon, Summer","contributorId":272597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higdon","given":"Summer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diggins, Corinne A.","contributorId":270521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diggins","given":"Corinne A.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cherry, Michael J.","contributorId":270616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cherry","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. Mark","email":"wford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":832202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202241,"text":"fs20193001 - 2019 - The use of national datasets to produce an average annual water budget for the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, 2000–13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-07T10:09:35","indexId":"fs20193001","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-06T07:01:22","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-3001","displayTitle":"The Use of National Datasets to Produce an Average Annual Water Budget for the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, 2000–13","title":"The use of national datasets to produce an average annual water budget for the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, 2000–13","docAbstract":"Water is a critically important resource for the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP) region, supporting a multibillion-dollar agricultural industry. There are concerns that continued withdrawals of groundwater for irrigation may decrease future water supplies. The U.S. Geological Survey has a history of conducting research in the MAP region and recently began an effort to integrate multiple monitoring analyses and modeling to characterize and project water availability for the region. Here, we utilize the data and results from existing national-scale datasets and refine them to create long-term steady state annual water budgets at a regional scale (the MAP) from 2000 to 2013. The water budget is described and mapped as the distribution of available water into three components: (1) evapotranspiration (65 percent); (2) quickflow runoff to streams (27 percent); and (3) groundwater recharge (8 percent). We also present a comparison of long-term recharge rates with groundwater extraction rates. These results will be useful as a starting point for the water budget and evaluations of future water availability in the MAP.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193001","usgsCitation":"Reitz, M., and Kress, W.H., The use of national datasets to produce an average annual water budget for the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, 2000–13: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019–3001, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193001.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-095792","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3001/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":363444,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3001/fs20193001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2019–3001"},{"id":363447,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PN93P0","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Annual estimates of recharge, quick-flow runoff, and ET for the contiguous US using empirical regression equations, 2000–2013"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Alluvial Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.3173828125,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -95.3173828125,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -95.3173828125,\n 29.075375179558346\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park Drive
Nashville, TN 37211
Urbanization is a substantial force shaping the genetic and demographic structure of natural populations. Urban development and major highways can limit animal movements, and thus gene flow, even in highly mobile species. Characterizing varying species responses to human activity and fragmentation is important for maintaining genetic continuity in wild animals and for preserving biodiversity. As one of the only common and wide-ranging large wild herbivores in much of urban North America, deer play an important ecological role in urban ecosystems, yet the genetic impacts of development on deer are not well known.
Two commonly used approaches for water quality monitoring are probabilistic and targeted. In a probabilistic approach like the US Environmental Protection Agency’s National Rivers and Streams Assessment, monitoring sites are selected using a statistically representative approach. In a targeted approach like that used by many monitoring organizations, monitoring sites are chosen individually to answer specific questions. One important goal of both approaches is documenting long-term changes in water quality. Here, we compare chloride change results in US rivers and streams between the early 2000s and early 2010s from both approaches. The probabilistic approach provided an unbiased representation of change in all US rivers and streams, but was designed to measure low-streamflow conditions within a spring/summer index period during periodic survey years. The targeted approach was focused on larger, more developed watersheds but samples were collected frequently throughout the assessment period in different seasons and streamflows. The probabilistic results showed a small decrease in chloride concentrations in rivers and streams with the lowest concentrations, but no consistent increase or decrease in the remainder. The increased granularity of the targeted results showed that there was, in fact, a mix of changes occurring, with increases at 132 sites, decreases at 112 sites, and relatively stable conditions at 55 sites. The combined results suggest that chloride is not responding to a widespread, common driver across the USA and that management of chloride would be most effective when targeted regionally or locally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-019-7481-5","usgsCitation":"Sprague, L.A., Mitchell, R., Pollard, A.I., and Falcone, J.A., 2019, Assessing water-quality changes in U.S. rivers at multiple geographic scales using results from probabilistic and targeted monitoring: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 191, no. 348, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7481-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-092845","costCenters":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7481-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363545,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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States\"}}]}","volume":"191","issue":"348","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, Richard M.","contributorId":215406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Richard M.","affiliations":[{"id":39239,"text":"USEPA, Washington D.C.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollard, Amina I.","contributorId":203965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollard","given":"Amina","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":36775,"text":"USEPA, Office of Water","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falcone, James A. 0000-0001-7202-3592 jfalcone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7202-3592","contributorId":173496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"James","email":"jfalcone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":762254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203607,"text":"70203607 - 2019 - Drift and beaching patterns of sea otter carcasses and car tire dummies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-24T08:12:22","indexId":"70203607","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-03T14:23:12","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drift and beaching patterns of sea otter carcasses and car tire dummies","docAbstract":"Enumerating and examining marine animal carcasses is important for quantifying mortality rates and determining causes of mortality. Drifter experiments are one tool for estimating at‐sea mortality and determining factors affecting carcass drift, but they require validation to confirm drifters accurately replicate the drift characteristics of the species of interest. The goal of this study was to determine whether dummies constructed from car tires were appropriate substitutes for sea otter (Enhydra lutris) carcasses. We released 33 sets of targets (carcasses and dummies) in a one‐to‐one ratio on 15 randomly chosen dates between January 1995 and December 1996. They were telemetrically tracked until they beached or were no longer detected. Beaching rates were similar between carcasses (69.7%) and dummies (66.7%). Our results indicated that there was no statistical difference in the drifting pattern, as measured by distance traveled and location, between carcasses and dummies, and that cumulative wind speed, days since release, and release month were predictors of drift patterns. We concluded that dummies constructed from car tires do imitate sea otter carcasses and could be used to estimate at‐sea mortality of sea otters, or, if released during or after an oil spill, could be used to direct search efforts for carcasses.
The combination of rainfall and snowmelt in northern New England and rainfall in southern New England resulted in minor to major flooding from April 15 to 24, 2019, according to stage and streamflow data collected at 63 selected U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages. A typical USGS streamgage measures and records stream stage and estimates streamflow based on a relation (rating curve) of discrete measurements of streamflow and the recorded stage. USGS hydrographers were deployed during and after these storms to measure the streamflow of the flooded rivers and confirm streamgage rating curves.
Preliminary Data Indicate...
Director,
New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275
The Eurasia Basin Petroleum Province comprises the younger, eastern half of the Arctic Ocean, including the Eurasia Basin and the outboard part of the continental margin of northern Europe in the Barents and Kara Seas. The province includes the slope and rise sedimentary prism of the Lena Delta, the north-facing outer shelf, slope, and rise of the European passive margin, and sedimentary accumulations in the deep Nansen and Amundsen Basins. The entire province lies north of the Arctic Circle beneath the polar ice cap and includes the North Pole.
The province is divided into four assessment units (AUs). The Lena Prodelta AU in the eastern part of the province consists of the deep-marine part of the Lena Delta, which has been deposited across the Gakkel Ridge, an ultraslow spreading ridge. The Nansen Basin Margin AU in the southern part of the province comprises the Cenozoic passive margin sequence of the rift margin of the western (European) part of the Eurasian plate. This AU spans the continent-ocean boundary and includes prerift strata along the outer continental margin. The Nansen Basin and Amundsen Basin AUs encompass the deep abyssal plains of the Eurasia Basin. Lying south of the Gakkel Ridge spreading center, the sedimentary fill of Nansen Basin AU consists of the distal clinoform deposits shed from the western Eurasia passive margin. North of the Gakkel Ridge, Amundsen Basin AU consists of a nascent distal passive-margin sequence derived from the adjacent Lomonosov Ridge and overlying flat-lying deep marine strata shed from distant source areas in Siberia and Greenland after the Lomonosov Ridge subsided below sea level at about 50 Ma. The primary petroleum system thought to be present is sourced in ~50–44 Ma (early to middle Eocene) condensed pelagic deposits that could be widespread in the province.
Mean estimates of undiscovered, technically recoverable petroleum resources include <1 billion barrels of oil (BBO) and about 1.4 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of nonassociated gas in Lena Prodelta AU, and < 0.4 BBO and 3.4 TCF nonassociated gas in the Nansen Basin Margin AU. Quantities of natural gas liquids and associated natural gas also are assessed in each of these AUs. The Nansen Basin and Amundsen Basin AUs were not quantitatively assessed because they were judged to have less than 10 percent probability of containing at least one accumulation of 50 MMBOE (million barrels of oil equivalent), the minimum probability required for evaluation in the U.S. Geological Survey Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1824DD","usgsCitation":"Moore, T.E., and Pitman, J.K., 2019, Geology and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Eurasia Basin Province, 2008, chap. DD of Moore, T.E., and Gautier, D.L., eds., The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1824, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1824DD.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 32 p.; Appendixes 1-4","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-021706","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363488,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/dd/pp1824dd_appendix1.xls","text":"Appendix 1","size":"40 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"PP 1824 Chapter DD Appendix 1"},{"id":363487,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/dd/pp1824dd_.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1824 Chapter DD"},{"id":363490,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/dd/pp1824dd_appendix3.xls","text":"Appendix 3","size":"40 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"PP 1824 Chapter DD Appendix 3"},{"id":363486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/dd/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":363491,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/dd/pp1824dd_appendix4.xls","text":"Appendix 4","size":"40 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"PP 1824 Chapter DD Appendix 4"},{"id":363489,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/dd/pp1824dd_appendix2.xls","text":"Appendix 2","size":"40 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"PP 1824 Chapter DD Appendix 2"}],"contact":"Contact Information, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
FAX 650-329-4936
The Sacramento metropolitan (SacMetro) study unit covers approximately 3,250 square kilometers of the Central Valley along the eastern edge of the northern and southern ends of the San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys, respectively. Groundwater withdrawals supply a significant portion of the water-resource needs of the region. In the southern portion of the study unit, groundwater accounts for nearly 90 percent of water demand in the area (South Area Water Council, 2011).
Groundwater sampled in the SacMetro study unit comes from alluvial aquifers primarily composed of sediments derived from the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the east. Recharge to the groundwater system is primarily from the streams draining the Sierra Nevada, and from precipitation and infiltration of applied irrigation water (California Department of Water Resources, 2003). The public-supply aquifer system assessments of this area in 2005 found elevated concentrations of inorganic constituents including arsenic, iron, and manganese as well as of solvents in some wells (Bennett and others, 2010; 2011).
This study was designed to provide a statistically representative assessment of the quality of groundwater resources used for domestic drinking water in the SacMetro study unit. A complete listing of what was measured, including the sampling results, are presented in Bennett and others, 2019. A total of 49 wells were sampled between July 2017 and November 2017 (Bennett and others, 2019). The wells in the study were 32–160 meters deep, and water levels were 1–62 meters below land surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Bennett, G.L. V, 2019, Groundwater quality in the Sacramento Metropolitan shallow aquifer, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1047, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191047.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-102366","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437473,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BPGEGH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater-quality data in the Sacramento Metro shallow aquifer study unit, 2017: Results from the California GAMA Priority Basin Project"},{"id":363457,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1047/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":363458,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1047/ofr20191047_.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Open-File Report 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California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819