The zinc deposits of the Jefferson City area are confined to the lower half of the Kingsport formation of the Knox group of rocks. They are on the southeast flank of a northeast-trending anticline which is partially overridden from the southeast by the Bays Mt. thrust sheet. The beds show low dips. The area is transected by a series of high angle strike-slip faults having relatively small displacement and striking essentially parallel to the dominant northeast structure. Minor cross folds running transversely to the regional structure are numerous. Three sets of fractures trending N. 45-50 degrees W., N. 30-40 degrees E., and N. 60-70 degrees E. are well developed.
The ore bodies are irregular but generally have a distinct elongation. The vertical extent may be limited to a single bed or may include several beds, depending upon local structural conditions. All ore bodies are confined to zones of pre-mineral deformation. The linear trends of the ore bodies show a remarkable parallelism to the axes of the cross folds. Ore occurs on any part of the flexures but maximum concentration is on the anticlinal crests and synclinal troughs: the ore attains greatest thickness on the anticlines. Fractures associated with the folding exhibit local ore control. Faults are poor sites for ore, but fracturing and drag folding accompanying faulting produce conditions favorable to ore deposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.41.2.160","usgsCitation":"Brokaw, A., and Jones, C.L., 1946, Structural control of ore bodies in the Jefferson City area, Tennessee: Economic Geology, v. 41, no. 2, p. 160-165, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.41.2.160.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"165","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Jefferson City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.770751953125,\n 35.80444911191491\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 35.80444911191491\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 36.326189956186084\n ],\n [\n -83.770751953125,\n 36.326189956186084\n ],\n [\n -83.770751953125,\n 35.80444911191491\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1946-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brokaw, A.L.","contributorId":99614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brokaw","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Charles Leslie","contributorId":27790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70214985,"text":"70214985 - 1946 - Sedimentary and volcanic processes in the formation of high alumina clay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T21:04:25.036588","indexId":"70214985","displayToPublicDate":"1946-10-05T11:47:33","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary and volcanic processes in the formation of high alumina clay","docAbstract":"In the West, where volcanic materials are abundantly distributed among the rocks of the geologic column, the importance of sedimentary processes in the formation of high-alumina clays has not been fully appreciated. At Ione, Calif., Castle Rock, Wash., Whiteware, Mont., Hobart Butte and Mollala, Oreg., where the Geological Survey has been investigating clays jointly with the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior, high-alumina clays formed by sedimentary processes are more important than those formed by all phases of volcanic activity. Clays derived directly from volcanic materials are composed dominantly of montmorillonite; but these clays, with the exception of the beidellite-nontronite varieties, have relatively low percentages of available alumina. In contrast, clays derived by thorough leaching of various aluminous rocks under conditions favoring thorough drainage are composed dominantly of kaolinite and when sorted by sedimentary processes form high-grade deposits; furthermore, the depositional structures of these sedimentary clays have favored the derivation of gibbsite through weathering, resulting in an increase in the alumina content of the clays. Kaolinite, gibbsite, and dickite all have relatively high percentages of available alumina.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.41.2.124","usgsCitation":"Allen, V.T., 1946, Sedimentary and volcanic processes in the formation of high alumina clay: Economic Geology, v. 41, no. 2, p. 124-138, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.41.2.124.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"138","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1946-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Victor T.","contributorId":80667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214984,"text":"70214984 - 1946 - Stages and epochs of mineralization in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, as shown at the Dunmore Mine, Ouray County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-05T16:45:31.291173","indexId":"70214984","displayToPublicDate":"1946-10-05T11:38:18","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stages and epochs of mineralization in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, as shown at the Dunmore Mine, Ouray County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Dunmore lode is localized along a persistent fissure zone over two miles long and averaging nearly 100 feet in width along the length of the Dunmore claim. The fault in which the lode is located offset the pre-Cambrian quartzite and slate walls about 4,500 feet prior to deposition of the overlying thick San Juan tuff. Late Tertiary faulting extended the fissure into the San Juan tuff, dropping the south side about 80 feet. Although most of the lode crops out in the pre-Cambrian rocks, it extends upward across the profound unconformity into the tuff. The lode is complex, containing sharply marked fissure veins, sheared slate dragged into the fault zone, a sheared dike, breccia chimneys, and pebble dikes. An assemblage consisting of quartz, sericite, kaolin, and pyrite appears to be of early Tertiary age. The more productive part of the lode, however, is late Tertiary and consists of a hematite chimney inclosing a copper shoot, a tungsten chimney, and compound base-metal fissure veins. These chimneys and veins are mostly localized along early Tertiary structures, but their mineral sequences correlate them with the second stage of late Tertiary deposition recognized by Burbank in the adjoining Red Mountain and other districts. The Dunmore lode, however, is believed to have been deposited at greater depth and higher temperature and nearer to a source of supply than the lodes of these districts. In structure as well as mineral assemblages the Dunmore lode shows a connection between the chimneys and veins of the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.41.2.139","usgsCitation":"Kelley, V.C., and Silver, C., 1946, Stages and epochs of mineralization in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, as shown at the Dunmore Mine, Ouray County, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 41, no. 2, p. 139-159, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.41.2.139.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"159","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Ouray","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-107.6333,38.3005],[-107.6265,38.2888],[-107.618,38.2739],[-107.6113,38.2627],[-107.6101,38.26],[-107.6077,38.2582],[-107.6024,38.256],[-107.5918,38.253],[-107.5894,38.2512],[-107.5881,38.2476],[-107.5862,38.2412],[-107.5844,38.2372],[-107.5789,38.2286],[-107.5777,38.2255],[-107.5774,38.2137],[-107.5755,38.2038],[-107.5736,38.197],[-107.5698,38.1866],[-107.5679,38.1794],[-107.5665,38.1694],[-107.5659,38.1672],[-107.5629,38.1636],[-107.5617,38.1595],[-107.5621,38.1545],[-107.5638,38.1495],[-107.5666,38.1445],[-107.5723,38.1381],[-107.5723,38.1363],[-107.5722,38.1349],[-107.571,38.1331],[-107.5651,38.1291],[-107.5627,38.1241],[-107.5606,38.1088],[-107.5622,38.1042],[-107.5628,38.1015],[-107.5633,38.0992],[-107.5626,38.0956],[-107.5541,38.0821],[-107.5506,38.079],[-107.5459,38.0777],[-107.5395,38.0791],[-107.5348,38.0783],[-107.5265,38.0734],[-107.5081,38.0623],[-107.5069,38.0587],[-107.5074,38.0573],[-107.5098,38.0568],[-107.5174,38.0563],[-107.5203,38.0549],[-107.5189,38.0472],[-107.5194,38.0422],[-107.5223,38.0399],[-107.5269,38.0389],[-107.5298,38.0375],[-107.535,38.0307],[-107.536,38.0248],[-107.5357,38.0116],[-107.5368,38.0071],[-107.5408,38.0029],[-107.5437,38.0006],[-107.5536,37.9996],[-107.563,38.0013],[-107.5712,38.0017],[-107.5752,38.0007],[-107.5781,37.9979],[-107.5786,37.9939],[-107.5785,37.9893],[-107.583,37.9843],[-107.5841,37.9793],[-107.584,37.9747],[-107.5857,37.9702],[-107.588,37.9688],[-107.5961,37.9669],[-107.6077,37.9636],[-107.6216,37.9588],[-107.6263,37.9588],[-107.635,37.9586],[-107.6385,37.9545],[-107.6407,37.9491],[-107.6405,37.9404],[-107.6404,37.9368],[-107.6389,37.9237],[-107.6394,37.9187],[-107.6422,37.9146],[-107.6514,37.9081],[-107.6595,37.9039],[-107.6682,37.9011],[-107.681,37.9],[-107.6839,37.9],[-107.6862,37.899],[-107.6879,37.8976],[-107.6897,37.8967],[-107.6942,37.8917],[-107.6977,37.8912],[-107.7024,37.892],[-107.7077,37.8955],[-107.7188,37.8977],[-107.7359,37.9038],[-107.7337,37.9111],[-107.7338,37.9151],[-107.7311,37.9229],[-107.7318,37.9283],[-107.7391,37.9386],[-107.7457,37.9485],[-107.7493,37.9512],[-107.7534,37.9529],[-107.7611,37.9569],[-107.7664,37.9595],[-107.7728,37.9599],[-107.7799,37.9625],[-107.7835,37.9656],[-107.786,37.9715],[-107.7879,37.9778],[-107.7903,37.9805],[-107.7938,37.9823],[-107.8003,37.9844],[-107.8068,37.9866],[-107.8161,37.9883],[-107.822,37.9882],[-107.829,37.9899],[-107.8332,37.9907],[-107.8407,37.9906],[-107.8419,37.9911],[-107.8431,37.9929],[-107.842,37.9947],[-107.8404,38.0006],[-107.8404,38.0024],[-107.8429,38.0051],[-107.847,38.0069],[-107.8511,38.0082],[-107.8558,38.009],[-107.8599,38.0085],[-107.8639,38.0071],[-107.8698,38.0065],[-107.8797,38.0064],[-107.8826,38.0068],[-107.8874,38.009],[-107.8886,38.0108],[-107.8898,38.0135],[-107.8899,38.0171],[-107.89,38.0221],[-107.8884,38.0271],[-107.8885,38.0307],[-107.8898,38.0352],[-107.8922,38.0388],[-107.8934,38.0406],[-107.8935,38.0433],[-107.8935,38.0447],[-107.8924,38.047],[-107.8925,38.0506],[-107.8973,38.0564],[-107.8975,38.0859],[-107.8934,38.0859],[-107.8932,38.0991],[-107.8908,38.0991],[-107.8912,38.1136],[-107.9491,38.1141],[-107.9493,38.144],[-107.9652,38.1446],[-107.9654,38.1519],[-107.946,38.1517],[-107.946,38.1731],[-107.9367,38.1732],[-107.9367,38.2185],[-107.9466,38.2184],[-107.9468,38.2265],[-107.9627,38.2263],[-107.9628,38.2326],[-107.981,38.2328],[-107.9814,38.2477],[-108.0084,38.2482],[-108.0085,38.2537],[-108.0807,38.2547],[-108.0815,38.2828],[-108.0985,38.283],[-108.0987,38.312],[-108.1163,38.3121],[-108.1165,38.3185],[-108.1276,38.3183],[-108.1274,38.331],[-108.1127,38.3312],[-108.0206,38.3305],[-108.0007,38.3304],[-107.9631,38.3296],[-107.9449,38.3295],[-107.9079,38.3292],[-107.8715,38.3293],[-107.8522,38.3291],[-107.8146,38.3292],[-107.7964,38.329],[-107.7236,38.3287],[-107.7049,38.329],[-107.6867,38.3288],[-107.6339,38.3286],[-107.6292,38.3286],[-107.6314,38.3223],[-107.633,38.3172],[-107.6358,38.3095],[-107.6333,38.3005]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ouray\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1946-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, Vincent Cooper","contributorId":48644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"Cooper","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silver, Caswell","contributorId":242613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silver","given":"Caswell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70214983,"text":"70214983 - 1946 - Preliminary chemical correlation of chromite with the containing rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-05T16:33:56.692804","indexId":"70214983","displayToPublicDate":"1946-10-05T11:24:55","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary chemical correlation of chromite with the containing rocks","docAbstract":"Chromite investigations of the U. S. Geological Survey since 1939 indicate that economic deposits of chromite rich in normative spinel ((Mg, Fe)Al 2 O 4 ) occur in peridotites which are closely associated with gabbro; high-chrome chromites occur in feldspar-free peridotites; and chromites rich in both normative chromite ((Mg, Fe)Cr 2 O 4 ) and magnetite (FeFe 2 O 4 ) are found in the pyroxene-rich stratiform complexes. Reaction of high-alumina chromite with diopsidic gabbro to form anorthite, olivine, and enstatite is described, and some probable equilibria between chromite and silicate minerals are discussed.
A plot of 63 complete analyses on a triangular prism of composition shows that chromites from different geologic provinces in the Western Hemisphere vary consistently and fall in overlapping, but distinct, fields. The chromites of the Caribbean Province, which occur in dunite and troctolite, have the general formula Cr (sub 25-80) Al (sub 15-75) Fe (sub 1-5) (Mg (sub 65-75) ) and average about Cr 50 Al 47 (Mg 70 ). The chromites of the Pacific Coast, which occur in dunite and saxonite, average about Cr 70 Al 24 (Mg 60 ) in the range Cr (sub 60-77) Al (sub 16-35) Fe (sub 3-12) (Mg (sub 45-75) ).
The stratiform deposits of the Stillwater and Bushveld complexes occur in harzburgite and bronzitite, and are very much alike, averaging Cr 60 Al 32 (Mg 52 ) and Cr 58 Al 34 (Mg 44 ) respectively. Chromites from gabbroic facies of the Bushveld complex are much richer in normative magnetite, presumably reflecting a higher CaO: Al 2 O 3 ratio in the silicate environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.41.3.202","usgsCitation":"Thayer, T.P., 1946, Preliminary chemical correlation of chromite with the containing rocks: Economic Geology, v. 41, no. 3, p. 202-217, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.41.3.202.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"217","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1946-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thayer, Thomas P","contributorId":218870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thayer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":6605,"text":"USGS","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7198,"text":"Oregon Department Geology and Mineral Industries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214982,"text":"70214982 - 1946 - General principles of artificial ground-water recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-05T16:23:23.989236","indexId":"70214982","displayToPublicDate":"1946-10-05T11:15:48","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"General principles of artificial ground-water recharge","docAbstract":"The natural subterranean reservoirs formed by the porous and permeable rocks differ from surface reservoirs chiefly in that they have complex structure and great internal resistanc• to the How of water. Their full utilization requires systematic development based on the geology and hydrology of the aquifer and the principles of hydraulics distinctive of ground water. The methods of increasing recharge are of two kinds: (1) Indirect methods, in which increased recharge is accomplished by locating production wells as close as practicable to areas of rejected recharge or natural discharge, and (2) direct methods, in which water from surface sources is conveyed to points from which it percolates into a body of ground water. The direct methods can also be divided into two groups: (1) Recharge by surface application, and (2) recharge through wells. This paper discusses the different methods in relation to geologic structure and ground-water hydraulics and gives numerous examples.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.41.3.191","usgsCitation":"Meinzer, O.E., 1946, General principles of artificial ground-water recharge: Economic Geology, v. 41, no. 3, p. 191-201, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.41.3.191.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"201","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1946-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinzer, O. E.","contributorId":10020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinzer","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37901,"text":"37901 - 1946 - Abstract of fur laws, 1946-47","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-22T10:40:28","indexId":"37901","displayToPublicDate":"1946-10-01T10:39:57","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"291","title":"Abstract of fur laws, 1946-47","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","usgsCitation":"Ashbrook, F.G., 1946, Abstract of fur laws, 1946-47 (Revised from Wildlife Leaflet BS-118 (1938).): Wildlife Leaflet 291, 49 p.","productDescription":"49 p.","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revised from Wildlife Leaflet BS-118 (1938).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd9c2e4b0824b2d178792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ashbrook, Frank G.","contributorId":77980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashbrook","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214514,"text":"70214514 - 1946 - Artificial recharge of artesian limestone at Orlando, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T20:38:00.826699","indexId":"70214514","displayToPublicDate":"1946-09-28T15:28:45","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial recharge of artesian limestone at Orlando, Florida","docAbstract":"The principal aquifer in the Orlando area consists of 900 feet or more of permeable artesian limestones of upper and middle Eocene age. As in most other parts of the Florida peninsula, these limestones are overlain by the Hawthorn formation of Miocene age which contains relatively impervious beds. The Hawthorn at Orlando is 45 to 200 feet thick and prevents or retards natural recharge to the lime. stones except where it is penetrated by what appear to be old sinkholes that are now filled with pervious material.
Owing to the lack of adequate surface drainage, more than 200 wells have been drilled into the limestones in the Orlando area to drain streets, control lake levels, and dispose of sewage and other waste liquids. Generally the piezometric surface of the water in the limestones is fat enough below the land surface to allow drainage by gravity. As the limestones are cavernous, most of the wells have large capacities for receiving water and seldom become clogged although a considerable amount of rubbish is carried into them.
The piezometric surface is conspicuously higher where drainage wells are concentrated, probably because of recharge through wells. However, the effect of the artificial recharge cannot be clearly differentiated from that of natural recharge. A deep-well current meter was used to determine the horizons at which the polluted surface water enters the limestones.
The investigation was made in cooperation with the Florida Geological Survey and the Corps of Engineers of the U.S. Army.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.41.4.293","usgsCitation":"Unklesbay, A., and Cooper, H., 1946, Artificial recharge of artesian limestone at Orlando, Florida: Economic Geology, v. 41, no. 4, p. 293-307, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.41.4.293.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"307","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378829,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Orlando","otherGeospatial":"Orlando","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.97998046875,\n 28.110748760633534\n ],\n [\n -81.01318359375,\n 28.110748760633534\n ],\n [\n -81.01318359375,\n 29.046565622728846\n ],\n [\n -81.97998046875,\n 29.046565622728846\n ],\n [\n -81.97998046875,\n 28.110748760633534\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1946-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unklesbay, A.G.","contributorId":241622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Unklesbay","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, H.H.","contributorId":62573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70214513,"text":"70214513 - 1946 - A cotangent ruler for simplifying the graphic solution of problems in structural geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T20:26:55.910764","indexId":"70214513","displayToPublicDate":"1946-09-28T15:15:58","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A cotangent ruler for simplifying the graphic solution of problems in structural geology","docAbstract":"The cotangent ruler is a device for measuring directly the dip of contoured surfaces, or, conversely, for constructing contours that represent planes of known dip. It greatly simplifies the graphic solution of problems in structural geology, and has several specialized applications to problems commonly encountered in mining geology and areal geologic mapping.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.41.5.539","usgsCitation":"White, W., 1946, A cotangent ruler for simplifying the graphic solution of problems in structural geology: Economic Geology, v. 41, no. 5, p. 539-545, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.41.5.539.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"545","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1946-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Walter S.","contributorId":34492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Walter S.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":799766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214511,"text":"70214511 - 1946 - Artificial recharge of glacial sand and gravel with filtered river water at Louisville, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T19:57:27.735045","indexId":"70214511","displayToPublicDate":"1946-09-28T14:46:59","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial recharge of glacial sand and gravel with filtered river water at Louisville, Kentucky","docAbstract":"Records obtained by the Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, and the Geological Division, Kentucky Department of Mines and Minerals, indicate that industries at Louisville pumped about 62 million gallons of water per day from wells in 1943. This was over 20 million gallons a day more than the natural recharge to the glacial outwash sand and gravel from which the wells draw the water. The ground water is especially in demand because of its uniformly low temperature throughout the year. In order to stop the resulting serious decline of water levels and decrease in yields of wells, the pumpage is now gradually being reduced. Also, the recharge has been increased about 2 million gallons a day by introducing water into the aquifer through wells.
During the spring of 1944 the Seagram and National distilleries helped solve a local shortage of ground water by recharging the underground reservoir with 1.7 million gallons a day of cold water from the municipal river-water supply. While this water was being added to the aquifer through several supply wells the plants were operated with additional city water, and the rest of the supply wells were kept idle. In this way, the large cone of depression in the water table that had been created by heavy pumping from the wells was practically filled with cold water from a combination of natural and artificial recharge. As a result, during the summer when the city water became too warm to be used in the plants, an increased and ample supply of cold water was available from the wells. It has been suggested that other industries at Louisville might adopt similar procedures for insuring adequate supplies of cold water during the summers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.41.6.644","usgsCitation":"Guyton, W., 1946, Artificial recharge of glacial sand and gravel with filtered river water at Louisville, Kentucky: Economic Geology, v. 41, no. 6, p. 644-658, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.41.6.644.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"644","endPage":"658","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378826,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Louisville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.011962890625,\n 38.017803980061124\n ],\n [\n -85.4351806640625,\n 38.017803980061124\n ],\n [\n -85.4351806640625,\n 38.42777351132902\n ],\n [\n -86.011962890625,\n 38.42777351132902\n ],\n [\n -86.011962890625,\n 38.017803980061124\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1946-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guyton, W.F.","contributorId":11688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guyton","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214509,"text":"70214509 - 1946 - The quartz crystal deposits of western Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T19:43:54.73848","indexId":"70214509","displayToPublicDate":"1946-09-28T14:35:34","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The quartz crystal deposits of western Arkansas","docAbstract":"Extensive geological investigations of domestic deposits of quartz crystals were undertaken by the Geological Survey of the United States Department of the Interior in the fall of 1942 in response to the urgent demand for crystals for war purposes. The work was continued throughout 1943 and took survey geologists into some 20 states in which over 1,400 deposits or reports of deposits were examined. Of the numerous highly varied occurrences of quartz examined, only the deposits in western Arkansas, in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces of Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia and the placer quartz of Mokelumne Hill, California, were of sufficient promise to warrant detailed work. Production in 1943 from these areas totaled slightly less than 4 tons of oscillator quartz, over 85 per cent of which came from Arkansas.The Arkansas deposits occur throughout the thick, deformed Paleozoic shales, sandstones, and cherts exposed along the central belt of the Ouachita Mountains. Steeply dipping fractures closely related to the major folds control the deposition of most quartz.Clear quartz is confined largely to the terminal parts of primary crystals, which have developed without disturbance or interference, are commonly elongate parallel to their C axes and are bounded by relatively simple forms. Deposition of silica during and subsequent to the fracturing of crystals resulted in the formation of complex crystals which are characterized by extensive optical twinning and lineage structures, and commonly are bounded by aggregates of the simpler crystal forms. The principal defects in all types of crystals are twinning, smokiness, cavities, solid inclusions and fractures.The Arkansas quartz deposits include veins, sheeted zones and stock-works. They are largely cavity fillings, apparently deposited by rising, attenuated, hydrothermal solutions, at relatively low temperatures and pressures. Minerals associated with the quartz, which constitutes 90 per cent or more of the cavity fillings, include dickite and carbonaceous material, calcite, adularia, and chlorite. The constituents of the cavity fillings could have been derived principally from magmatic sources or more probably from underlying rocks, with small additions from the rocks enclosing the cavities. The complex vein fabrics apparently resulting from intermittent regional deformation during the deposition of the quartz, and certain structural relations of the deposits, indicate that they were formed in the final stages of the Ouachita orogeny, probably in mid-Pennsylvanian time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.41.6.598","usgsCitation":"Engel, A., 1946, The quartz crystal deposits of western Arkansas: Economic Geology, v. 41, p. 598-618, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.41.6.598.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"598","endPage":"618","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Western Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.3233642578125,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -92.6641845703125,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -92.6641845703125,\n 34.786739162702524\n ],\n [\n -93.3233642578125,\n 34.786739162702524\n ],\n [\n -93.3233642578125,\n 34.59704151614417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1946-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engel, A.E.J.","contributorId":52246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"A.E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214508,"text":"70214508 - 1946 - Artificial recharge of productive ground-water aquifers in New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T19:34:12.53488","indexId":"70214508","displayToPublicDate":"1946-09-28T14:21:42","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial recharge of productive ground-water aquifers in New Jersey","docAbstract":"Artificial recharge by water spreading is practiced in several places in New Jersey. Rates of recharge ranging from 3,000 to 125,000 gallons per acre per day have been measured at the Perth Amboy Water Works, where artificial recharge of the Old Bridge sand, of upper Cretaceous age, has been practiced for more than 40 years. At the Duhernal development, which also draws from the Old Bridge sand, four or five million gallons daily is now derived from artificial recharge. This rate will probably increase with further lowering of the water table near the lake. For many years the Princeton Water Company has pumped water from a stream for recharging the Stockton sandstone, of Triassic age. The Lake Mohawk-Sparta Water Company spreads water underground by means of covered, gravel-filled ditches to recharge a shallow aquifer in its well field. The City of East Orange spreads the water from several small streams over parts of the intake area of the Quaternary beds supplying its wells. The estimated total recharge there is about two million gallons daily. Closely related to artificial recharge are those instances wherein well sites are chosen to take advantage of potential recharge from existing bodies of surface water. At the Borough of Manville no water spreading operations are conducted, but about three quarters of the water from its wells is derived by recharge from the Raritan River. The silting of water spreading areas may impair their effectiveness considerably. In some instances the growth of aquatic vegetation seems to reduce the ill effects of silting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.41.7.726","usgsCitation":"Barksdale, H., and DeBuchananne, G., 1946, Artificial recharge of productive ground-water aquifers in New Jersey: Economic Geology, v. 41, no. 7, p. 726-737, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.41.7.726.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"726","endPage":"737","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Perth Amboy Water Works","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.46533203125,\n 40.66813955408042\n ],\n [\n -74.058837890625,\n 40.66813955408042\n ],\n [\n -74.058837890625,\n 41.075210270566636\n ],\n [\n -74.46533203125,\n 41.075210270566636\n ],\n [\n -74.46533203125,\n 40.66813955408042\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1946-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barksdale, H.C.","contributorId":65912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barksdale","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeBuchananne, G.D.","contributorId":91166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBuchananne","given":"G.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70214507,"text":"70214507 - 1946 - Hydrothermal alteration in the Castle Dome copper deposit, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T19:20:35.98503","indexId":"70214507","displayToPublicDate":"1946-09-28T14:12:53","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal alteration in the Castle Dome copper deposit, Arizona","docAbstract":"Hydrothermal alteration of the quartz monzonite host rock in the Castle Dome copper deposit consists of three phases. Very weak propylitic alteration of biotite and plagioclase occurs in the marginal part of the mineralized area. Where mineralization is stronger most of the plagioclase and some of the orthoclase and biotite are replaced by a montmorillonitetype clay, resembling beidellite, and hydrous mica. The third phase is localized along quartz-pyrite veins where the wall rock, commonly as much as an inch from the vein, is replaced by quartz and seriate. In contrast to the localization of quartz-sericite alteration along the veins, clay alteration is general and can be seen between the veins wherever the rock is not completely sericitized. Thus these two types of alteration cannot be separated areally. The most intense clay alteration together with moderate quartz-sericite alteration occurs in the ore body, whereas the strongest quartz-sericite alteration, where pyrite veins are largest and most numerous, is in a zone along the north side of the ore body.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.41.8.820","usgsCitation":"Peterson, N.P., Gilbert, C., and Quick, G., 1946, Hydrothermal alteration in the Castle Dome copper deposit, Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 41, no. 8, p. 820-840, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.41.8.820.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"820","endPage":"840","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 32.79651010951669\n ],\n [\n -110.621337890625,\n 32.79651010951669\n ],\n [\n -110.621337890625,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 32.79651010951669\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1946-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Nels P.","contributorId":85252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Nels","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbert, Charles","contributorId":44418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quick, G.L.","contributorId":102126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":37900,"text":"37900 - 1946 - Annual fur catch of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T14:07:42","indexId":"37900","displayToPublicDate":"1946-08-01T14:07:09","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"290","title":"Annual fur catch of the United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","collaboration":"Prepared in Fur Resources, Division of Wildlife Research.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1946, Annual fur catch of the United States (Revised from Wildlife Leaflet BS-118 (1938).): Wildlife Leaflet 290, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revised from Wildlife Leaflet BS-118 (1938).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd9c2e4b0824b2d178794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","contributorId":128143,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","id":529767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222125,"text":"5222125 - 1946 - Experiments on toxicity of DDT to wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T15:40:11.187365","indexId":"5222125","displayToPublicDate":"1946-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experiments on toxicity of DDT to wildlife","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3795834","usgsCitation":"Coburn, D.R., and Treichler, R., 1946, Experiments on toxicity of DDT to wildlife: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 10, no. 3, p. 208-216, https://doi.org/10.2307/3795834.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"208","endPage":"216","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196803,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Research Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.81918661570765,\n 39.082735291635174\n ],\n [\n -76.81918661570765,\n 39.0178259212\n ],\n [\n -76.74290575245861,\n 39.0178259212\n ],\n [\n -76.74290575245861,\n 39.082735291635174\n ],\n [\n -76.81918661570765,\n 39.082735291635174\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8dba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coburn, D. R.","contributorId":86060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coburn","given":"D.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Treichler, R.","contributorId":98410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treichler","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220361,"text":"5220361 - 1946 - Potential value of islands for controlled field studies with upland game birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T17:45:09.566603","indexId":"5220361","displayToPublicDate":"1946-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential value of islands for controlled field studies with upland game birds","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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