The Blackbird district is in east-central Idaho, about 20 miles west-southwest of Salmon. The area is one of deeply weathered, flat-topped upland surfaces cut by several steep-walled valleys, which are tributary to the canyon of Panther Creek. Most of the area has a heavy vegetative cover and outcrops are relatively scarce except in the walls of the steeper valleys. The rocks of the district consist mostly of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of the pre-Cambrian Yellowjacket formation (Belt series); a part of the Cretaceous Idaho batholith cuts across the northern part of the district, and acid porphyry dikes and metamorphosed basic rocks cut the Yellowjacket rocks.
\nStructurally, the sedimentary rocks are divided by faults into three, roughly north-south blocks. The center one (Blackbird structural block) appears to have been more tightly squeezed than the others into relatively tight folds, with the development of widespread schistosity (flow cleavage). The rocks of the two outside blocks are in more open folds. In general they are nonschistose, except for the north end of the western block, where there are schistose rocks cut by several north-dipping thrust faults. The northern parts of the central and western blocks contain considerable garnet, chloritoid, and cordierite.
\nThe Blackbird structural block is cut by a number of mineralized shear zones. Those dipping moderately northeast and striking northwest, and those dipping steeply and striking north and northeast; appear to be most important. The mineralized rock contains chalcopyrite, cobaltite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite into a gangue of quartz, biotite, tourmaline, ankerite, and muscovite; the deposits were formed mostly by replacement of the shear zones. In addition, the block is cut by north-dipping thrust faults of west to northwest strike, and a number of high-angle faults.
\nThe district was first prospected about 1893; considerable developmont was done at the Brown Bear mine in 1899-1902, at the Haynes-Stellite in l917-1920, and at the Uncle Sam mine in 1938-1941, During World War II, the U.S. Bureau of Mines explored in the district with bulldozer and diamond drill., and the U.S. Geological Survey mapped the district and logged the drill cores. The Howe Sound Co. also did some diamond drilling in the district, and in 1945 the Calera Mining Co., Blackbird Division (subsidiary of Howe Sound Co.), started underground development at the Calera adit. Although the district has had very little production to the present, it is believed that a large tonnage of copper-cobalt ore exists in the district which should permit mining to be continued over a long period.
\nThe report contains brief descriptions of all the accessible workings in the district, of which the most important are Calera, Brown Bear, Uncle Sam, and Hawkeye mines. In the Calera adit, about 1,700 feet of the mineralized zone, ranging in width from 3 feet to 40 feet and averaging about 15 feet; have been explored (August 1946); the zone lies on a wide northwest-striking shear zone dipping moderately ( 60° ±) northeast. The Brown Bear adit is in a wide, mineralized, north-south shear zone in which are higher-grade pods plunging 25° to 35° north. The Uncle Sam mine explores a relatively narrow north-south shear zone in which are two or three north-plunging ore shoots. The Hawkeye mine is in a broad zone of mineralized schist in which are several north-plunging lenses of ore.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/ofr481","usgsCitation":"Vhay, J.S., 1947, Cobalt-copper deposits of the Blackbird district, Lemhi County, Idaho (Superseded by: Strategic Minerals Investigations Preliminary Map 3-219): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 48-1, ii, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr481.","productDescription":"ii, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297131,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0001/"},{"id":297132,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0001/downloads/ofr48-1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Lemhi County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.01586914062499,\n 44.1151978766043\n ],\n [\n -115.01586914062499,\n 45.729191061299936\n ],\n [\n -112.78564453124999,\n 45.729191061299936\n ],\n [\n -112.78564453124999,\n 44.1151978766043\n ],\n [\n -115.01586914062499,\n 44.1151978766043\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Superseded by: Strategic Minerals Investigations Preliminary Map 3-219","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae9c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vhay, J. S.","contributorId":78752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vhay","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1967,"text":"wsp996 - 1947 - Geologic features of the Connecticut Valley, Massachusetts as related to recent floods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-17T19:49:45.392888","indexId":"wsp996","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"996","title":"Geologic features of the Connecticut Valley, Massachusetts as related to recent floods","docAbstract":"This report gives the results of a geologic study of certain features that bear upon the recent flood behavior of rivers flowing in the Massachusetts part of the Connecticut Valley. It is in part an outline of the physiographic history of the Connecticut River, a 'history that is treated in progressively greater detail as it concerns events occurring from Mesozoic time to the present, and in part a discussion of erosional and depositional processes associated with the extraordinary floods of March 1936 and September 1938. \r\n\r\nThe Connecticut River flows southward through Massachusetts in a broad lowland area of more than 400 square miles and is joined in this area by four large tributaries, the Deerfield and Westfield Rivers from the west and the Millers and Chicopee Rivers from the east. The lowland area, or :Connecticut Valley province, is flanked on the west by the Berkshire Hills, a, deeply incised uplifted plateau, and on the east by the central upland, or Worcester .County plateau, a lower upland marked by rolling topography. Most of the broad, relatively flat valley floor is underlain by Triassic sedimentary rocks. Rising above it, however, are the prominent Holyoke-Mount Tom and Deerfield Ranges, which consist in large part of dark-colored igneous rocks, also of Triassic age. \r\n\r\nThere is evidence of several cycles of erosion in central western Massachusetts, the last two of which are of Tertiary age and appear to have reached nature and very youthful stages of topographic development, respectively. Immediately prior to the glacial epoch, therefore, the Connecticut River flowed in a fairly narrow, deep gorge, which it had incised in the rather flat 5ottom of the valley that it had formed at an earlier stage. A Pleistocene crustal subsidence probably of several hundred feet, for which there has been only partial compensation in postglacial time, was responsible for the present position of much of this gorge below sea level. That an estuary does not now occupy the gorge is due to a filling by glacial debris, notably by sediments deposited in late glacial lakes. Following disappearance of the last ice sheet and draining of the associated, lakes, the Connecticut River resumed existence and began a new chapter in its history. \r\n\r\nIn those areas where the river regained its preglacial course, it now flows on sediments considerably above the rock floor of the old gorge. Where the gorge was narrow and deep, the upper parts of its walls have confined the postglacial river within rather narrow limits, as in the northern part of the state. Where it was sufficiently wide to be filled by glacial sediments over large areas, the postglacial river has meandered broadly, as in the area north of the Holyoke-Mount Tom Range. In two areas in Massachusetts and in one immediately south in Connecticut, however, the river was forced from its preglacial gorge, and its new channel has been superimposed on bedrock, with development of rapids and falls. Each of these postglacial rock channels acts as a spillway whose level controls the local base level of the river as far upstream as the next spillway. These spillways are not to be confused with other, more spectacular gorges, which are of preglacial origin and in which the present river does not flow on bedrock. \r\n\r\nThe Recent Connecticut has formed extensive flood plains and terraces through repeated sequences of erosion by lateral corrosion and downward scour, followed by deposition of .silt and sand veneers. These features, although irregular in detail, appear to be assignable to five general levels, whose means are approximately 49, 37, 30, 18, and 10 feet above present mean river level. In addition, an 80-foot terrace in the northern part of the valley was left perched, in its present position when the Connecticut abandoned its course over. a rock barrier near Turners Falls in favor of an adjacent much lower gap. The normal terraces and flood plains, slope very gently away from their riverw","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp996","usgsCitation":"Jahns, R.H., 1947, Geologic features of the Connecticut Valley, Massachusetts as related to recent floods: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 996, Report: viii, 158 p.; 20 Plates: 31.00 × 31.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp996.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 158 p.; 20 Plates: 31.00 × 31.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":247081,"rank":423,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-25.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247080,"rank":422,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-24.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247079,"rank":421,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-22.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247078,"rank":420,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-21.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27339,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27338,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27337,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27336,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27342,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27335,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27341,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27340,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27334,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27333,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27332,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247083,"rank":425,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-27.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27343,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396127,"rank":24,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24701.htm"},{"id":138287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247082,"rank":424,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-26.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247085,"rank":427,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-29.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247084,"rank":426,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-28.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247086,"rank":428,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0996/plate-30.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.81463623046875,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -72.34222412109375,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -72.34222412109375,\n 42.712714128355564\n ],\n [\n -72.81463623046875,\n 42.712714128355564\n ],\n [\n -72.81463623046875,\n 42.06560675405716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a609a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jahns, Richard Henry","contributorId":45291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahns","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57075,"text":"ofr4739 - 1947 - Ground-water conditions in the vicinity of Mason, Mason County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:10","indexId":"ofr4739","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"47-39","title":"Ground-water conditions in the vicinity of Mason, Mason County, Texas","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr4739","usgsCitation":"George, W.O., 1947, Ground-water conditions in the vicinity of Mason, Mason County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 47-39, 5, [4] leaves : map ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4739.","productDescription":"5, [4] leaves : map ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d0f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, William Owsley","contributorId":92228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Owsley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57086,"text":"ofr4923D - 1947 - Irrigation and water power in Algeria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T14:16:25","indexId":"ofr4923D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49-23","chapter":"D","title":"Irrigation and water power in Algeria","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/ofr4731","usgsCitation":"Horn, G., and Alliger, J., 1947, Geologic and structure-contour map of the Mush Creek area, Weston County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 47-31, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4731.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e495d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horn, George H.","contributorId":83794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"George H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alliger, J.","contributorId":48030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alliger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23128,"text":"ofr4737 - 1947 - Ground-water resources of Peeples Valley, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:05","indexId":"ofr4737","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"47-37","title":"Ground-water resources of Peeples Valley, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr4737","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Babcock, H.M., and Brown, S., 1947, Ground-water resources of Peeples Valley, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 47-37, 15 p.; 13 leaves (1 folded) :map ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4737.","productDescription":"15 p.; 13 leaves (1 folded) :map ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0037/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52494,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0037/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Babcock, H. 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The lower Colorado River Basin as used in this report is the \"lower basin\" defined in the Colorado River Compact, as that part of the Colorado River Basin below a point 1 mile downstream from the mouth of Paria River. Records for Paria River, also included in this report, when combined with those for Colorado River at Lees Ferry show the flow at the point of division between the upper and lower basins.
This report and water-Supply Paper 918, \"Summary of Records of Surface waters at Base Stations in Colorado River Basin, 1891-1938\", furnish a complete compilation of all records of surface waters collected by the Geological Survey in the Lower Colorado River Basin prior to October 1, 1938, and contain all stream-flow records collected in Arizona prior to that date. Records for 16 gaging stations, which are base stations on tributaries and canals, are given in both reports.