The City of Baltimore, Maryland, and parts of five surrounding counties obtain their water from Loch Raven and Liberty Reservoirs. A third reservoir, Prettyboy, is used to resupply Loch Raven Reservoir. Management of the watershed conditions for each reservoir is a shared responsibility by agreement among City, County, and State jurisdictions. The most recent (2005) Baltimore Reservoir Watershed Management Agreement (RWMA) called for continued and improved water-quality monitoring in the reservoirs and selected watershed tributaries. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a retrospective review of the effectiveness of monitoring data obtained and analyzed by the RWMA jurisdictions from 1981 through 2007 to help identify possible improvements in the monitoring program to address RWMA water-quality concerns. Long-term water-quality concerns include eutrophication and sedimentation in the reservoirs, and elevated concentrations of (a) nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) being transported from the major tributaries to the reservoirs, (b) iron and manganese released from reservoir bed sediments during periods of deep-water anoxia, (c) mercury in higher trophic order game fish in the reservoirs, and (d) bacteria in selected reservoir watershed tributaries. Emerging concerns include elevated concentrations of sodium, chloride, and disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the drinking water from both supply reservoirs. Climate change and variability also could be emerging concerns, affecting seasonal patterns, annual trends, and drought occurrence, which historically have led to declines in reservoir water quality. Monitoring data increasingly have been used to support the development of water-quality models. The most recent (2006) modeling helped establish an annual sediment Total Maximum Daily Load to Loch Raven Reservoir, and instantaneous and 30-day moving average water-quality endpoints for chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in Loch Raven and Prettyboy Reservoirs. Modelers cited limitations in data, including too few years with sufficient stormflow data, and (or) a lack of (readily available) data, for selected tributary and reservoir hydrodynamic, water-quality, and biotic conditions. Reservoir monitoring also is too infrequent to adequately address the above water-quality endpoints. Monitoring data also have been effectively used to generally describe trophic states, changes in trophic state or conditions related to trophic state, and in selected cases, trends in water-quality or biotic parameters that reflect RWMA water-quality concerns. Limitations occur in the collection, aggregation, analyses, and (or) archival of monitoring data in relation to most RWMA water-quality concerns. Trophic, including eutrophic, conditions have been broadly described for each reservoir in terms of phytoplankton production, and variations in production related to typical seasonal patterns in the concentration of DO, and hypoxic to anoxic conditions, where the latter have led to elevated concentrations of iron and manganese in reservoir and supply waters. Trend analyses for the period 1981-2004 have shown apparent declines in production (algal counts and possibly chl-a). The low frequency of phytoplankton data collection (monthly or bimonthly, depending on the reservoir), however, limits the development of a model to quantitatively describe and relate temporal variations in phytoplankton production including seasonal succession to changes in trophic states or other reservoir water-quality or biotic conditions. Extensive monitoring for nutrients, which, in excessive amounts, cause eutrophic conditions, has been conducted in the watershed tributaries and reservoirs. Data analyses (1980-90s) have (a) identified seasonal patterns in concentrations, (b) characterized loads from (non)point sources, and (c) shown that different seasonal patterns and trends in nutrient concentrations occur between watershed tributaries and downstream reservoir.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Baltimore, Baltimore County, and Carroll County, Maryland","usgsCitation":"Koterba, M.T., Waldron, M.C., and Kraus, T., 2011, The water-quality monitoring program for the Baltimore reservoir system, 1981-2007—Description, review and evaluation, and framework integration for enhanced monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5101, Report: ix, 116 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115101.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 116 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"1981-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5101.gif"},{"id":92196,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl;Pennsylvania","city":"Baltimore","otherGeospatial":"Baltimore Reservior System;Liberty Reservoir Watershed;Prettyboy Reservoir Watershed;Loch Raven Reservoir Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.25,39 ], [ -77.25,40 ], [ -76,40 ], [ -76,39 ], [ -77.25,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62ed25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koterba, Michael T.","contributorId":70419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koterba","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":92410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005349,"text":"ofr20111226 - 2011 - Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: Elwha River Delta, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-11T08:37:27","indexId":"ofr20111226","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1226","title":"Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: Elwha River Delta, Washington","docAbstract":"Between February 22 and March 3, 2010, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC), acquired bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter data from the Elwha River Delta, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington, under PCMSC Field Activity ID S-6-10-PS. Three ancillary surveys were conducted when sea conditions were too rough for surveying outside the harbor breakwaters. The first ancillary survey was of the area surrounding the abandoned Rayonier Pier site in Port Angeles Harbor, a former log-storage facility on the southern side of Ediz Hook near the Port Angeles Coast Guard Station. Finally, several lines of bathymetry and backscatter data were collected on the outer face of Ediz Hook as the vessel transited to and from the Elwha River Delta. These data were collected to inspect failure features along the northern edge of Ediz Hook that were first observed in 2005 during USGS cruise K-1-05-PS.\nThe surveys were conducted using the R/V Parke Snavely outfitted with an interferometric sidescan sonar for swath mapping and real-time kinematic navigation equipment for accurate shallow water operations. This report provides these data in a number of different formats, as well as a summary of the mapping mission, maps of bathymetry and backscatter, and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111226","usgsCitation":"Finlayson, D.P., Miller, I.M., and Warrick, J., 2011, Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: Elwha River Delta, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1226, Abstract; Survey Outline; Geodetic Control; Data Processing; Survey Results; Data Tables; Figures; References; Appendix; Metadata;, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111226.","productDescription":"Abstract; Survey Outline; Geodetic Control; Data Processing; Survey Results; Data Tables; Figures; References; Appendix; Metadata;","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1226.png"},{"id":94126,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1226/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f28c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finlayson, David P. dfinlayson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"David","email":"dfinlayson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Ian M. 0000-0002-3289-6337","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6337","contributorId":41951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005327,"text":"sir20115125 - 2011 - Refinement and evaluation of the Massachusetts firm-yield estimator model version 2.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T13:44:19.875469","indexId":"sir20115125","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5125","title":"Refinement and evaluation of the Massachusetts firm-yield estimator model version 2.0","docAbstract":"The firm yield is the maximum average daily withdrawal that can be extracted from a reservoir without risk of failure during an extended drought period. Previously developed procedures for determining the firm yield of a reservoir were refined and applied to 38 reservoir systems in Massachusetts, including 25 single- and multiple-reservoir systems that were examined during previous studies and 13 additional reservoir systems. Changes to the firm-yield model include refinements to the simulation methods and input data, as well as the addition of several scenario-testing capabilities. The simulation procedure was adapted to run at a daily time step over a 44-year simulation period, and daily streamflow and meteorological data were compiled for all the reservoirs for input to the model. Another change to the model-simulation methods is the adjustment of the scaling factor used in estimating groundwater contributions to the reservoir. The scaling factor is used to convert the daily groundwater-flow rate into a volume by multiplying the rate by the length of reservoir shoreline that is hydrologically connected to the aquifer. Previous firm-yield analyses used a constant scaling factor that was estimated from the reservoir surface area at full pool. The use of a constant scaling factor caused groundwater flows during periods when the reservoir stage was very low to be overestimated. The constant groundwater scaling factor used in previous analyses was replaced with a variable scaling factor that is based on daily reservoir stage. This change reduced instability in the groundwater-flow algorithms and produced more realistic groundwater-flow contributions during periods of low storage. Uncertainty in the firm-yield model arises from many sources, including errors in input data. The sensitivity of the model to uncertainty in streamflow input data and uncertainty in the stage-storage relation was examined. A series of Monte Carlo simulations were performed on 22 reservoirs to assess the sensitivity of firm-yield estimates to errors in daily-streamflow input data. Results of the Monte Carlo simulations indicate that underestimation in the lowest stream inflows can cause firm yields to be underestimated by an average of 1 to 10 percent. Errors in the stage-storage relation can arise when the point density of bathymetric survey measurements is too low. Existing bathymetric surfaces were resampled using hypothetical transects of varying patterns and point densities in order to quantify the uncertainty in stage-storage relations. Reservoir-volume calculations and resulting firm yields were accurate to within 5 percent when point densities were greater than 20 points per acre of reservoir surface. Methods for incorporating summer water-demand-reduction scenarios into the firm-yield model were developed as well as the ability to relax the no-fail reliability criterion. Although the original firm-yield model allowed monthly reservoir releases to be specified, there have been no previous studies examining the feasibility of controlled releases for downstream flows from Massachusetts reservoirs. Two controlled-release scenarios were tested—with and without a summer water-demand-reduction scenario—for a scenario with a no-fail criterion and a scenario that allows for a 1-percent failure rate over the entire simulation period. Based on these scenarios, about one-third of the reservoir systems were able to support the flow-release scenarios at their 2000–2004 usage rates. Reservoirs with higher storage ratios (reservoir storage capacity to mean annual streamflow) and lower demand ratios (mean annual water demand to annual firm yield) were capable of higher downstream release rates. For the purposes of this research, all reservoir systems were assumed to have structures which enable controlled releases, although this assumption may not be true for many of the reservoirs studied.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115125","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Levin, S.B., Archfield, S.A., and Massey, A.J., 2011, Refinement and evaluation of the Massachusetts firm-yield estimator model version 2.0: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5125, Report: vii, 41 p.; Appendices; Appendix Selector, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115125.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 41 p.; Appendices; Appendix Selector","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92173,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5125","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":350503,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5125/pdfs/sir2011-5125_text_508_rev102511.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":116522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5125.jpg"},{"id":350504,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5125/selector.html","text":"Appendix Selector","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.75,41 ], [ -73.75,43 ], [ -69.83333333333333,43 ], [ -69.83333333333333,41 ], [ -73.75,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635195","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levin, Sara B. 0000-0002-2448-3129 slevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2448-3129","contributorId":1870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levin","given":"Sara","email":"slevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Massey, Andrew J. 0000-0003-3995-8657 ajmassey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3995-8657","contributorId":1862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"Andrew","email":"ajmassey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005344,"text":"sir20115029 - 2011 - Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, south-central Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"sir20115029","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5029","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, south-central Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer in south-central Oklahoma provides water for public supply, farms, mining, wildlife conservation, recreation, and the scenic beauty of springs, streams, and waterfalls. Proposed development of water supplies from the aquifer led to concerns that large-scale withdrawals of water would cause decreased flow in rivers and springs, which in turn could result in the loss of water supplies, recreational opportunities, and aquatic habitat. The Oklahoma Water Resources Board, in collaboration with the Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma State University, and the University of Oklahoma, studied the aquifer to provide the Oklahoma Water Resources Board the scientific information needed to determine the volume of water that could be withdrawn while protecting springs and streams. The U.S. Geological Survey, in coopertion with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, did a study to describe the hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow of the aquifer.\nThe outcrop of the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer covers an area of about 520 square miles in Carter, Coal, Johnston, Murray, and Pontotoc Counties. Three subdivisions of the aquifer outcrop were designated for this study: the eastern, central, and western Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer. This study emphasized the eastern Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer because it is the largest part of the aquifer by area and volume; most groundwater withdrawals are from the eastern Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer; and the largest (by flow) streams and springs sourced from the aquifer are on the eastern Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer.\nThe aquifer lies in an uplifted area commonly referred to as the Arbuckle Mountains, which is characterized by great thicknesses of mostly carbonate rocks, uplifts, folded structures, and large fault displacements. The Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer is contained in three major rock units of Late Cambrian to Middle Ordovician age: the Timbered Hills, Arbuckle, and Simpson Groups. The aquifer is underlain by low-permeability Cambrian and Proterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks, and is confined above by younger sedimentary rocks of various ages in areas where the top of the aquifer dips below the surface. The major part of the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer is the Arbuckle Group, which consists of as much as 6,700 feet of limestone in the western Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, but which thins to an estimated 3,000 feet of predominantly dolostone in the eastern Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer. Water is obtained from cavities, solution channels, fractures, and intercrystalline porosity in the limestone and dolostone. The overlying Simpson Group, consisting of sandstones, shales, and limestones, is as much as 2,300 feet thick in the western Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, but generally is less than 1,000 feet thick in the eastern aquifer. Water in the Simpson Group is stored primarily in pore spaces between the sand grains in the sandstones.\nA digital, three-dimensional geologic framework model was constructed to define the geometric relations of fault blocks and subsurface rock units across complex fault zones of the eastern Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer. Geologic data for the model were obtained from 126 drill holes; stratigraphic contacts and faults defined from a digitized version of the surface geologic map; and fault geometry, stratigraphic thickness, and information compiled from geologic and hydrogeologic reports and maps.\nGroundwater in the aquifer moves from areas of high head (altitude) to areas of low head along streams and springs. The potentiometric surface in the eastern Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer generally slopes from a topographic high from northwest to the southeast, indicating that regional groundwater flow is predominantly toward the southeast. Freshwater is known to extend beyond the aquifer outcrop near the City of Sulphur, Oklahoma, and Chickasaw National Recreation Area, where groundwater flows west from the outcrop of the eastern Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer and becomes confin","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Christenson, S., Osborn, N.I., Neel, C.R., Faith, J.R., Blome, C.D., Puckette, J., and Pantea, M.P., 2011, Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, south-central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5029, xiv, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115029.","productDescription":"xiv, 103 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5029.gif"},{"id":92186,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5029/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68552e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christenson, Scott","contributorId":59128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osborn, Noel I. nosborn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osborn","given":"Noel","email":"nosborn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neel, Christopher R.","contributorId":48690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neel","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Faith, Jason R.","contributorId":92758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faith","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Puckette, James","contributorId":90863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckette","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pantea, Michael P. mpantea@usgs.gov","contributorId":1549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pantea","given":"Michael","email":"mpantea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70005346,"text":"sir20115139 - 2011 - Recent (2008-10) water quality in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer and its contributing zone, central Texas, with emphasis on factors affecting nutrients and bacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:21:05","indexId":"sir20115139","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5139","title":"Recent (2008-10) water quality in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer and its contributing zone, central Texas, with emphasis on factors affecting nutrients and bacteria","docAbstract":"The Barton Springs zone, which comprises the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer and the watersheds to the west that contribute to its recharge, is in south-central Texas, an area with rapid growth in population and increasing amounts of land area affected by development. During November 2008-March 2010, an investigation of factors affecting the fate and transport of nutrients and bacteria in the Barton Springs zone was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. The primary objectives of the study were to characterize occurrence of nutrients and bacteria in the Barton Springs zone under a range of flow conditions; to improve understanding of the interaction between surface-water quality and groundwater quality; and to evaluate how factors such as streamflow variability and dilution affect the fate and transport of nutrients and bacteria in the Barton Springs zone. The USGS collected and analyzed water samples from five streams (Barton, Williamson, Slaughter, Bear, and Onion Creeks), two groundwater wells (Marbridge and Buda), and the main orifice of Barton Springs in Austin, Texas. During the period of the study, during which the hydrologic conditions transitioned from exceptional drought to wetter than normal, water samples were collected routinely (every 3 to 4 weeks) from the streams, wells, and spring and, in response to storms, from the streams and spring. All samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, the bacterium Escherichia coli, and suspended sediment. During the dry period, the geochemistry of groundwater at the two wells and at Barton Springs was dominated by flow from the aquifer matrix and was relatively similar and unchanging at the three sites. At the onset of the wet period, when the streams began to flow, the geochemistry of groundwater samples from the Marbridge well and Barton Springs changed rapidly, and concentrations of most major ions and nutrients and densities of Escherichia coli became more similar to those of samples from the streams relative to concentrations and densities during the dry period. Geochemical modeling indicated that the proportion of Barton Springs discharge composed of stream recharge increased from about 0-8 percent during the dry period to about 80 percent during the wet period. The transition from exceptional drought to wetter-than-normal conditions resulted in a number of marked changes that highlight factors affecting the fate and transport of nutrients and bacteria and the strong influence of stream recharge on water quality in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer and had a pronounced effect on the fate of nitrogen species. Organic nitrogen loaded to and stored in soils during the dry period was nitrified to nitrate when the soils were rewetted, resulting in elevated concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite in streams as these constituents were progressively leached during continued wet weather. Estimated mean monthly loads of organic nitrogen and nitrate plus nitrite in stream recharge and Barton Springs discharge, which were relatively low and constant during the dry period, increased during the wet period. Loads of organic nitrogen, on average, were about six times greater in stream recharge than in Barton Springs discharge, indicating that organic nitrogen likely was being converted to nitrate within the aquifer. Loads of total nitrogen (organic nitrogen plus ammonia and nitrate plus nitrite) in stream recharge (162 kilograms per day) and in Barton Springs discharge (157 kilograms per day) for the period of the investigation were not significantly different. Dilution was not an important factor affecting concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite in the streams or in Barton Springs during the period of this investigation: Concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite did not decrease in streams with increasing stream discharge, and nitrate plus nitrite concentrations measured at Barton
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Musgrove, M., Sample, T.L., and Wong, C., 2011, Recent (2008-10) water quality in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer and its contributing zone, central Texas, with emphasis on factors affecting nutrients and bacteria: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5139, vii, 57 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115139.","productDescription":"vii, 57 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5139.gif"},{"id":92187,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.33333333333333,30 ], [ -98.33333333333333,30.333333333333332 ], [ -97.75,30.333333333333332 ], [ -97.75,30 ], [ -98.33333333333333,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64864f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sample, Thomas L.","contributorId":24902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sample","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wong, Corinne I.","contributorId":36018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Corinne I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70005370,"text":"ofr20111233 - 2011 - Water-quality monitoring for a pilot piling removal field evaluation, Coal Creek Slough, Washington, 2008-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-09T15:31:59","indexId":"ofr20111233","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1233","title":"Water-quality monitoring for a pilot piling removal field evaluation, Coal Creek Slough, Washington, 2008-09","docAbstract":"Significant Findings\n\nWater and sediment quality monitoring was conducted before and after the removal of a piling field located in Coal Creek Slough near Longview, Washington. Passive chemical samplers and continuous water-quality monitoring instruments were deployed at the piling removal site, Coal Creek Slough Site 1 (CCS1), and at a comparison site, Coal Creek Slough Site 2 (CCS2), before (2008) and after (2009) piling removal. Surface and subsurface (core) sediment samples were collected before and after piling removal and were analyzed for grain size, organic carbon content, and chemicals of concern. Significant findings from this study include:\n * Phenanthrene was the only compound detected in wood piling samples analyzed for a large suite of semivolatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Metals potentially associated with wood treatment were detected in the wood piling samples at low concentrations.\n * Organic carbon was slightly lower in core samples from CCS1 in pre-removal (2008) and post-removal (2009) samples than in surface samples from both sites in both years.\n * Grain-size class distributions were relatively uniform between sites and years.\n * Thirty-four out of 110 chemicals of concern were detected in sediments. Eight of those detected were anthropogenic waste indicator (AWI) compounds, 18 were PAHs, 4 were sterols, and 4 were metals potentially associated with wood treatment.\n * Nearly all reported concentrations of chemicals of concern in sediments are qualified as estimates, primarily due to interferences in extracts resulting from complex sample matrices. Indole, perylene, and fluoranthene are reported without qualification for some of the samples, and the metals are reported without qualification for all samples.\n * The highest frequency of detection of chemicals of concern was seen in the pre-removal surface samples at both sites.\n * AWI compounds were detected less frequently and at lower concentrations during the post-removal sampling compared to the pre-removal sampling.\n * Several PAHs were detected at relatively high concentrations in core samples, likely indicating historical sources.\n * Most commonly detected PAHs in sediments were 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, fluoranthene, perylene, and pyrene.\n * Most commonly detected AWIs in sediments were 3-methyl-1h-indole (skatol), acetophenone, indole, phenol, and paracresol.\n * Sedimentary concentrations of perylene exceeded available sediment quality guidelines. Perylene is widespread in the environment and has large potential natural sources in addition to its anthropogenic sources.\n * Concentrations of metals did not exceed sediment quality guidelines.\n * Multiple organochlorine pesticides, both banned and currently used, were detected at each site using passive samplers.\n * Commonly detected pesticides included hexachlorobenzene, pentachloroanisole (a degradation product of pentachlorophenol), diazinon, cis-chlordane, endosulfan, DDD, and endosulfan sulfate.\n * PBDE concentrations detected in passive sampler extracts were less than the method detection limit at all sites with the exception of PBDE-99, detected at a concentration less than the reporting limit.\n * The fragrance galaxolide was detected at a concentration greater than the method detection limit.\n * Common PAHs, such as phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene, were detected in every passive sampler.\n * Dissolved oxygen concentration was slightly higher at site CCS1 compared to site CCS2 in both years.\n * Overall, there was no systematic increase in chemicals of concern at the restoration site during post-removal monitoring compared to conditions during pre-removal monitoring. Any immediate, short-duration effects of piling removal on water quality could not be determined because monitoring was not conducted during the removal.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111233","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, E.B., and Alvarez, D.A., 2011, Water-quality monitoring for a pilot piling removal field evaluation, Coal Creek Slough, Washington, 2008-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1233, vi, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111233.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1233.jpg"},{"id":92200,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1233/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.11666666666666,46.15 ], [ -123.11666666666666,46.2 ], [ -123.03333333333333,46.2 ], [ -123.03333333333333,46.15 ], [ -123.11666666666666,46.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, Elena B. 0000-0002-0104-6321 enilsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-6321","contributorId":923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Elena","email":"enilsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvarez, David A. 0000-0002-6918-2709 dalvarez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6918-2709","contributorId":1369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David","email":"dalvarez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005367,"text":"ofr20111211 - 2011 - Capacitively coupled resistivity survey of the levee surrounding the Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Power Plant, June 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20111211","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1211","title":"Capacitively coupled resistivity survey of the levee surrounding the Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Power Plant, June 2011","docAbstract":"This report is a release of digital data from a capacitively coupled resistivity survey conducted on June 13, 2011, on the flood-protection levees surrounding the Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City power plant. The U.S. Geological Survey Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center and the Nebraska Water Science Center performed the survey in response to a flood on the Missouri River. A single line of resistivity profiling was completed along the center line of the section of levee 573 that surrounds the power plant.","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111211","usgsCitation":"Burton, B., and Cannia, J.C., 2011, Capacitively coupled resistivity survey of the levee surrounding the Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Power Plant, June 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1211, iv, 9 p.; Appendix; Digital Capacitively Coupled Resistivity Data: processed, binned (5-m bin size), processed, inverted model (2.5-m cell size), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111211.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.; Appendix; Digital Capacitively Coupled Resistivity Data: processed, binned (5-m bin size), processed, inverted model (2.5-m cell size)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1211.png"},{"id":94417,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1211/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.85111111111111,40.56666666666667 ], [ -95.85111111111111,40.666666666666664 ], [ -95.73333333333333,40.666666666666664 ], [ -95.73333333333333,40.56666666666667 ], [ -95.85111111111111,40.56666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f694e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannia, James C.","contributorId":94356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005063,"text":"70005063 - 2011 - Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T12:15:08.320177","indexId":"70005063","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora","title":"Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora","docAbstract":"The smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora is the foundation species in intertidal salt marshes of the North American Atlantic coast. Depending on its elevation within the marsh, S. alterniflora may be submerged for several hours per day. Previous ecosystem-level studies have demonstrated that S. alterniflora marshes are a net sink for nitrogen (N), and that removal of N from flooding tidal water can provide enough N to support the aboveground biomass. However, studies have not specifically investigated whether S. alterniflora plants assimilate nutrients through their aboveground tissue. We determined in situ foliar and stem N uptake kinetics for 15NH4, 15NO3, and 15N-glycine by artificially flooding plants in a mid-Atlantic salt marsh. To determine the ecological importance of shoot uptake, a model was created to estimate the time of inundation of S. alterniflora in 20 cm height intervals during the growing season. Estimates of inundation time, shoot mass, N uptake rates, and N availability from long-term data sets were used to model seasonal shoot N uptake. Rates of aboveground N uptake rates (leaves + stems) were ranked as follows: NH4+ > glycine > NO3–. Our model suggests that shoot N uptake may satisfy up to 15% of the growing season N demand in mid-Atlantic salt marshes, with variation depending on plant elevation and water column N availability. However, in eutrophic estuaries, our model indicates the potential of the plant canopy as a nutrient filter, with shoot uptake contributing 66 to 100% of plant N demand.","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","publisherLocation":"Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps09117","usgsCitation":"Mozdzer, T., Kirwan, M., McGlathery, K., and Zieman, J.C., 2011, Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 433, p. 43-52, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09117.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09117","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"433","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62da88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mozdzer, T. J.","contributorId":31888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mozdzer","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirwan, M.","contributorId":41124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGlathery, K. J.","contributorId":72109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGlathery","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zieman, J. C.","contributorId":23265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zieman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70004683,"text":"70004683 - 2011 - Native fish conservation areas: A vision for large-scale conservation of native fish communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:54","indexId":"70004683","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Native fish conservation areas: A vision for large-scale conservation of native fish communities","docAbstract":"The status of freshwater fishes continues to decline despite substantial conservation efforts to reverse this trend and recover threatened and endangered aquatic species. Lack of success is partially due to working at smaller spatial scales and focusing on habitats and species that are already degraded. Protecting entire watersheds and aquatic communities, which we term \"native fish conservation areas\" (NFCAs), would complement existing conservation efforts by protecting intact aquatic communities while allowing compatible uses. Four critical elements need to be met within a NFCA: (1) maintain processes that create habitat complexity, diversity, and connectivity; (2) nurture all of the life history stages of the fishes being protected; (3) include a long-term enough watershed to provide long-term persistence of native fish populations; and (4) provide management that is sustainable over time. We describe how a network of protected watersheds could be created that would anchor aquatic conservation needs in river basins across the country.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society; Taylor & Francis Group, LLC","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD; Philadelphia, PA","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.E., Williams, R.N., Thurow, R.F., Elwell, L., Philipp, D.P., Harris, F.A., Kershner, J.L., Martinez, P.J., Miller, D., Reeves, G.H., Frissell, C.A., and Sedell, J.R., 2011, Native fish conservation areas: A vision for large-scale conservation of native fish communities: Fisheries, v. 36, no. 6, p. 267-277.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"277","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92136,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03632415.2011.582398","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603db1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Jack E.","contributorId":93774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard N.","contributorId":62471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurow, Russell F.","contributorId":21035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurow","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elwell, Leah","contributorId":33587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elwell","given":"Leah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Philipp, David P.","contributorId":31266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philipp","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harris, Fred A.","contributorId":53244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kershner, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-7093-9860 jkershner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9860","contributorId":310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkershner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Martinez, Patrick J.","contributorId":48433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miller, Dirk","contributorId":49240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Dirk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Reeves, Gordon H.","contributorId":101521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeves","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":527,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Frissell, Christopher A.","contributorId":37607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frissell","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sedell, James R.","contributorId":50791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70005340,"text":"sir20115120 - 2011 - Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington- Biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:55","indexId":"sir20115120","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5120","title":"Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington- Biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal","docAbstract":"This report includes chapters that summarize the results of multidisciplinary studies to quantify and characterize the current (2011) status and baseline conditions of the lower Elwha River, its estuary, and the adjacent nearshore ecosystems prior to the historic removal of two long-standing dams that have strongly influenced river, estuary, and nearshore conditions. The studies were conducted as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Multi-disciplinary Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound (MD-CHIPS) project. Chapter 1 is the introductory chapter that provides background and a historical context for the Elwha River dam removal and ecosystem restoration project. In chapter 2, the volume and timing of sediment delivery to the estuary and nearshore are discussed, providing an overview of the sediment stored in the two reservoirs and the expected erosion mechanics of the reservoir sediment deposits after removal of the dams. Chapter 3 describes the geological background of the Olympic Peninsula and the geomorphology of the Elwha River and nearshore. Chapter 4 details a series of hydrological data collected by the MD-CHIPS Elwha project. These include groundwater monitoring, surface water-groundwater interactions in the estuary, an estimated surface-water budget to the estuary, and a series of temperature and salinity measurements. Chapter 5 details the work that has been completed in the nearshore, including the measurement of waves, tides, and currents; the development of a numerical hydrodynamic model; and a description of the freshwater plume entering the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Chapter 6 includes a characterization of the nearshore benthic substrate developed using sonar, which formed a habitat template used to design scuba surveys of the benthic biological communities. Chapter 7 describes the ecological studies conducted in the lower river and estuary and includes characterization of juvenile salmon diets and seasonal estuary utilization patterns using otolith analysis to determine habitat specific and hatchery compared with wild patterns in juvenile Chinook salmon, assessment of benthic and terrestrial macroinvertebrate communities, and seasonal patterns of water nutrients. In Chapter 8, the vegetation communities of the eastern estuary are characterized by mapped vegetation cover types and samples collected for vegetation composition and diversity. Chapter 9 summarizes the existing conditions of the study area as detailed in this report and describes some of the possible outcomes of river restoration on the coastal ecosystems of the Elwha River.\nTogether, these different scientific perspectives form a basis for understanding the Elwha River ecosystem, an environment that has and will undergo substantial change. A century of change began with the start of dam construction in 1910; additional major change will result from dam removal scheduled to begin in September 2011. This report provides a scientific snapshot of the lower Elwha River, its estuary, and adjacent nearshore ecosystems prior to dam removal that can be used to evaluate the responses and dynamics of various system components following dam removal.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115120","usgsCitation":"Duda, J., Warrick, J., and Magirl, C.S., 2011, Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington- Biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120, viii, 264 p.; Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Chapter 5, Chapter 6, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, Chapter 9; Animation Figure, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115120.","productDescription":"viii, 264 p.; Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Chapter 5, Chapter 6, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, Chapter 9; Animation Figure","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5120.jpg"},{"id":92151,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b08e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":68854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005334,"text":"ofr20111230 - 2011 - A multi-year analysis of passage and survival at McNary Dam, 2004-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T12:09:39","indexId":"ofr20111230","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1230","title":"A multi-year analysis of passage and survival at McNary Dam, 2004-09","docAbstract":"We analyzed 6 years (2004–09) of passage and survival data collected at McNary Dam to determine how dam operations and environmental conditions affect passage and survival of juvenile salmonids. A multinomial logistic regression was used to examine how environmental variables and dam operations relate to passage behavior of juvenile salmonids at McNary Dam. We used the Cormack-Jolly-Seber release-recapture model to determine how the survival of juvenile salmonids passing through McNary Dam relates to environmental variables and dam operations. Total project discharge and the proportion of flow passing the spillway typically had a positive effect on survival for all species and routes. As the proportion of water through the spillway increased, the number of fish passing the spillway increased, as did overall survival. Additionally, survival generally was higher at night. There was no meaningful difference in survival for fish that passed through the north or south portions of the spillway or powerhouse. Similarly, there was no difference in survival for fish released in the north, middle, or south portions of the tailrace. For subyearling Chinook salmon migrating during the summer season, increased temperatures had a drastic effect on passage and survival. As temperature increased, survival of subyearling Chinook salmon decreased through all passage routes and the number of fish that passed through the turbines increased. During years when the temporary spillway weirs (TSWs) were installed, passage through the spillway increased for spring migrants. However, due to the changes made in the location of the TSW between years and the potential effect of other confounding environmental conditions, it is not certain if the increase in spillway passage was due solely to the presence of the TSWs. The TSWs appeared to improve forebay survival during years when they were operated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111230","usgsCitation":"Adams, N.S., Walker, C.E., and Perry, R., 2011, A multi-year analysis of passage and survival at McNary Dam, 2004-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1230, viii, 122 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111230.","productDescription":"viii, 122 p.; Appendixes","startPage":"i","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"136","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92152,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Coumbia River;Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.83333333333333,45.5 ], [ -120.83333333333333,48.25 ], [ -117.5,48.25 ], [ -117.5,45.5 ], [ -120.83333333333333,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db54569f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, C. E.","contributorId":43168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005333,"text":"sir20115121 - 2011 - Relations between hydrology, water quality, and taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds in Lake Houston, Texas, April 2006-September 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T17:45:17","indexId":"sir20115121","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5121","title":"Relations between hydrology, water quality, and taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds in Lake Houston, Texas, April 2006-September 2008","docAbstract":"Lake Houston is a surface-water-supply reservoir and an important recreational resource for the city of Houston, Texas. Growing concerns over water quality in Lake Houston prompted a detailed assessment of water quality in the reservoir. The assessment focused on water-quality constituents that affect the aesthetic quality of drinking water. The hydrologic and water-quality conditions influencing the occurrence of taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds in Lake Houston were assessed using discrete and continuously monitored water-quality data collected during April 2006– September 2008.
The hydrology of Lake Houston is characterized by rapidly changing conditions. During inflow events, water residence time can change by orders of magnitude within a matter of hours. Likewise, the reservoir can stratify and destratify over a period of several hours, even during non-summer and at relatively short water residence times, given extended periods with warm temperatures and little wind. The rapidly changing hydrology likely influences all other aspects of water quality in Lake Houston, including the occurrence of taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds.
Water quality in Lake Houston varied with respect to season and water residence time but typically was indicative of turbid, eutrophic to hypereutrophic conditions. In general, turbidity and nutrient concentrations were largest during non-summer (October–May) and when water residence times were relatively short (less than 100 days), which reflects the influence of inflow events on water-quality conditions. Large inflow events can cause substantial changes in water-quality conditions over relatively short periods of time (hours).
The taste-and-odor causing organisms cyanobacteria and actinomycetes bacteria were always present in Lake Houston. Cyanobacterial biovolume was largest during summer (June– September) and when water residence time was greater than 100 days. Annual maxima in cyanobacterial biovolume occurred during July-September of each year, when temperatures were larger than 27 degrees Celsius and water residence times were longer than 400 days. In contrast, actinomycetes bacteria were most abundant during non-summer and when water residence times were less than 100 days, reflecting the close association between these organisms and transport of suspended sediments.
Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol are the taste-and-odor causing compounds most commonly produced by cyanobacteria and actinomycetes bacteria. Geosmin was detected more frequently (62 percent of samples) than 2-methylisoborneol (29 percent of samples) in Lake Houston. Geosmin exceeded the human detection threshold (10 nanograms per liter) only once during the study period and 2-methylisoborneol exceeded the human detection threshold twice. Manganese is a naturally occurring trace element that can occasionally cause taste-andodor problems in drinking water. Manganese concentrations exceeded the human detection threshold (about 50 micrograms per liter) in about 50 percent of samples collected near the surface and 84 percent of samples collected near the bottom. The cyanotoxin microcystin was detected relatively infrequently (16 percent of samples) and at small concentrations (less than or equal to 0.2 micrograms per liter).
The abundance of the taste-and-odor causing organisms cyanobacteria and actinomycetes bacteria in Lake Houston was coupled with inflow events and subsequent changes in water-quality conditions. Cyanobacterial biovolume (biomass) in Lake Houston was largest during warm periods with little inflow and relatively small turbidity values. In contrast, actinomycetes bacteria were most abundant following inflow events when turbidity was relatively large. Severe taste-and-odor problems were not observed during the study period, precluding quantification of the hydrologic and water-quality conditions associated with large concentrations of taste-and-odor causing compounds and development of predictive models.
Reservoir inflow (water residence time) and turbidity, variables related to the abundance of potential taste-andodor causing organisms, are currently (2011) continuously measured in Lake Houston, and predictive models could be developed in the future when the hydrologic and water-quality conditions associated with taste-and-odor problems have been better quantified. Seasonal and water residence time influences on water-quality conditions altered relations between hydrologic and water-quality conditions and taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds. Future data collection and development of predictive models need to account for the variability associated with season and water residence time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston","usgsCitation":"Beussink, A.M., and Graham, J.L., 2011, Relations between hydrology, water quality, and taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds in Lake Houston, Texas, April 2006-September 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5121, Report: viii, 22 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115121.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 22 p.; Appendixes","startPage":"i","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5121.gif"},{"id":92146,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"Zone 15, North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","otherGeospatial":"Lake Houston, San Jacinto River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.91666666666667,29.833333333333332 ], [ -95.91666666666667,30.8 ], [ -94.83333333333333,30.8 ], [ -94.83333333333333,29.833333333333332 ], [ -95.91666666666667,29.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6349af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beussink, Amy M. ambeussi@usgs.gov","contributorId":2191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beussink","given":"Amy","email":"ambeussi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004818,"text":"fs20113097 - 2011 - Elwha River dam removal-Rebirth of a river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:54","indexId":"fs20113097","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3097","title":"Elwha River dam removal-Rebirth of a river","docAbstract":"After years of planning for the largest project of its kind, the Department of the Interior will begin removal of two dams on the Elwha River, Washington, in September 2011. For nearly 100 years, the Elwha and Glines Canyon Dams have disrupted natural processes, trapping sediment in the reservoirs and blocking fish migrations, which changed the ecology of the river downstream of the dams. All five Pacific salmon species and steelhead-historically present in large numbers-are locally extirpated or persist in critically low numbers. Upstream of the dams, more than 145 kilometers of pristine habitat, protected inside Olympic National Park, awaits the return of salmon populations. As the dams are removed during a 2-3 year project, some of the 19 million cubic meters of entrapped sediment will be carried downstream by the river in the largest controlled release of sediment into a river and marine waters in history. Understanding the changes to the river and coastal habitats, the fate of sediments, and the salmon recolonization of the Elwha River wilderness will provide useful information for society as future dam removals are considered.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113097","usgsCitation":"Duda, J., Warrick, J., and Magirl, C.S., 2011, Elwha River dam removal-Rebirth of a river: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3097, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113097.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":483,"text":"Northwest Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92150,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605a51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":68854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003900,"text":"70003900 - 2011 - No population genetic structure in a widespread aquatic songbird from the Neotropics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T15:41:43.616847","indexId":"70003900","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"No population genetic structure in a widespread aquatic songbird from the Neotropics","docAbstract":"Neotropical lowland organisms often show marked population genetic structure, suggesting restricted migration among populations. However, most phylogeographic studies have focused on species inhabiting humid forest interior. Little attention has been devoted to the study of species with ecologies conducive to dispersal, such as those of more open and variable environments associated with watercourses. Using mtDNA sequences, we examined patterns of genetic variation in a widely distributed Neotropical songbird of aquatic environments, the Yellow-hooded Blackbird (Icteridae, Chrysomus icterocephalus). In contrast to many forest species, Yellow-hooded Blackbirds showed no detectable genetic structure across their range, which includes lowland populations on both sides of the Andes, much of northeastern South America, Amazonia, as well as a phenotypically distinct highland population in Colombia. A coalescent-based analysis of the species indicated that its effective population size has increased considerably, suggesting a range expansion. Our results support the hypothesis that species occurring in open habitats and tracking temporally dynamic environments should show increased dispersal propensities (hence gene flow) relative to species from closed and more stable environments. The phenotypic and behavioral variation among populations of our study species appears to have arisen recently and perhaps in the face of gene flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ympev.2010.12.014","usgsCitation":"Cadena, C.D., Gutierrez-Pinto, N., Davila, N., and Chesser, R., 2011, No population genetic structure in a widespread aquatic songbird from the Neotropics: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 58, no. 3, p. 540-545, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.12.014.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"540","endPage":"545","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"South America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -47.0654296875,\n -1.2303741774326018\n ],\n [\n -52.8662109375,\n 6.053161295714067\n ],\n [\n -59.9853515625,\n 9.44906182688142\n ],\n [\n -60.64453125000001,\n 12.983147716796578\n ],\n [\n -60.77636718749999,\n 14.392118083661728\n ],\n [\n -65.6982421875,\n 11.178401873711785\n ],\n [\n -72.1142578125,\n 12.940322128384627\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 9.96885060854611\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 8.494104537551882\n ],\n [\n -77.607421875,\n 3.5134210456400448\n ],\n [\n -81.82617187499999,\n -0.4394488164139641\n ],\n [\n -81.650390625,\n -5.266007882805485\n ],\n [\n -78.79394531249999,\n -9.709057068618208\n ],\n [\n -72.59765625,\n -9.79567758282973\n ],\n [\n -68.90625,\n -6.271618064314864\n ],\n [\n -57.4365234375,\n -5.484768018141262\n ],\n [\n -47.0654296875,\n -1.2303741774326018\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cadena, Carlos Daniel","contributorId":43481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadena","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutierrez-Pinto, Natalia","contributorId":51895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez-Pinto","given":"Natalia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davila, Nicolas","contributorId":29116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davila","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chesser, R. Terry 0000-0003-4389-7092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":87669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"R. Terry","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70004681,"text":"70004681 - 2011 - Nematomorph parasites drive energy flow through a riparian ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-12T21:46:27.96895","indexId":"70004681","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nematomorph parasites drive energy flow through a riparian ecosystem","docAbstract":"Parasites are ubiquitous in natural systems and ecosystem‐level effects should be proportional to the amount of biomass or energy flow altered by the parasites. Here we quantified the extent to which a manipulative parasite altered the flow of energy through a forest‐stream ecosystem. In a Japanese headwater stream, camel crickets and grasshoppers (Orthoptera) were 20 times more likely to enter a stream if infected by a nematomorph parasite (Gordionus spp.), corroborating evidence that nematomorphs manipulate their hosts to seek water where the parasites emerge as free‐living adults. Endangered Japanese trout (Salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus) readily ate these infected orthopterans, which due to their abundance, accounted for 60% of the annual energy intake of the trout population. Trout grew fastest in the fall, when nematomorphs were driving energy‐rich orthopterans into the stream. When infected orthopterans were available, trout did not eat benthic invertebrates in proportion to their abundance, leading to the potential for cascading, indirect effects through the forest‐stream ecosystem. These results provide the first quantitative evidence that a manipulative parasite can dramatically alter the flow of energy through and across ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/09-1565.1","usgsCitation":"Sato, T., Watanabe, K., Kanaiwa, M., Niizuma, Y., Harada, Y., and Lafferty, K.D., 2011, Nematomorph parasites drive energy flow through a riparian ecosystem: Ecology, v. 92, no. 1, p. 201-207, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1565.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474922,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2433/139443","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","state":"Honshu","otherGeospatial":"Totsu River system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 135.47687530517578,\n 34.02477865123825\n ],\n [\n 135.5819320678711,\n 34.02477865123825\n ],\n [\n 135.5819320678711,\n 34.09531631608616\n ],\n [\n 135.47687530517578,\n 34.09531631608616\n ],\n [\n 135.47687530517578,\n 34.02477865123825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sato, Takuya","contributorId":26420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sato","given":"Takuya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watanabe, Katsutoshi","contributorId":90026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watanabe","given":"Katsutoshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kanaiwa, Minoru","contributorId":50278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanaiwa","given":"Minoru","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niizuma, Yasuaki","contributorId":18097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niizuma","given":"Yasuaki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harada, Yasushi","contributorId":86884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harada","given":"Yasushi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70005322,"text":"sir20115107 - 2011 - Investigation of pier scour in coarse-bed streams in Montana, 2001 through 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115107","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5107","title":"Investigation of pier scour in coarse-bed streams in Montana, 2001 through 2007","docAbstract":"A primary goal of ongoing field research of bridge scour is improvement of scour-prediction equations so that pier-scour depth is predicted accurately-an important element of hydraulic analysis and design of highway bridges that cross streams, rivers, and other waterways. Scour depth for piers in streambeds with a mixture of sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders (coarse-bed streams, which are common in Montana) generally is less than the scour depth in finer-grained (sandy) streambeds under similar conditions. That difference is attributed to an armor layer of coarser material. Pier-scour data from the U.S. Geological Survey were used in this study to develop a bed-material correction factor, which was incorporated into the Federal Highway Administration's recommended equation for computing pier scour. This report describes results of a study of pier scour in coarse-bed streams at 59 bridge sites during 2001-2007 in the mountain and foothill regions of western Montana. Respective drainage areas ranged from about 3 square miles (mi2) to almost 20,000 mi2. Data collected and analyzed for this study included 103 pier-scour measurements; the report further describes data collection, shows expansion of the national coarse pier-scour database, discusses use of the new data in evaluation of relative accuracy of various predictive equations, and demonstrates how differences in size and gradation between surface bed material and shallow-subsurface bed material might relate to pier scour. Nearly all measurements were made under clear-water conditions with no incoming sediment supply to the bridge opening. Half of the measurements showed approach velocities that equaled or surpassed the critical velocity for incipient motion of bed material, possibly indicating that measurements were made very near the threshold between clear-water and live-bed scour, where maximum scour was shown in laboratory studies. Data collected in this study were compared to selected pier-scour data from the nationwide Bridge Scour Data Management System (BSDMS), to show the effect of bed-material size and gradation on scour depth. Unsteady field flow conditions and armoring by coarser material reduced scour relative to the clear-water/sandy-bed laboratory results at steady flow. The new correction factor and the standard scour equation produced the most accurate estimates of scour depth in armored, coarse-bed conditions. Maximum relative scour occurred at similar velocity across variations in bed material and gradation. Pier scour decreased with increased variation in particle size and gradation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115107","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Montana Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Holnbeck, S.R., 2011, Investigation of pier scour in coarse-bed streams in Montana, 2001 through 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5107, x, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115107.","productDescription":"x, 68 p.","temporalStart":"2000-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5107.gif"},{"id":92095,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5107/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"datum":"NAD 27","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River Basin;Yellowstone River Basin;Clark Fork;Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,44 ], [ -116,49 ], [ -108,49 ], [ -108,44 ], [ -116,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667627","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holnbeck, Stephen R. 0000-0001-7313-9298 holnbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7313-9298","contributorId":1724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holnbeck","given":"Stephen","email":"holnbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005319,"text":"ofr20111094 - 2011 - Geomorphic and ecological effects of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on coastal Louisiana marsh communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:51","indexId":"ofr20111094","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1094","title":"Geomorphic and ecological effects of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on coastal Louisiana marsh communities","docAbstract":"Hurricanes Katrina and Rita made landfall in 2005, subjecting the coastal marsh communities of Louisiana to various degrees of exposure. We collected data after the storms at 30 sites within fresh (12), brackish/intermediate (12), and saline (6) marshes to document the effects of saltwater storm surge and sedimentation on marsh community dynamics. The 30 sites were comprised of 15 pairs. Most pairs contained one site where data collection occurred historically (that is, prestorms) and one Coastwide Reference Monitoring System site. Data were collected from spring 2006 to fall 2007 on vegetative species composition, percentage of vegetation cover, aboveground and belowground biomass, and canopy reflectance, along with discrete porewater salinity, hourly surface-water salinity, and water level. Where available, historical data acquired before Hurricanes Katrina and Rita were used to compare conditions and changes in ecological trajectories before and after the hurricanes. Sites experiencing direct and indirect hurricane influences (referred to in this report as levels of influence) were also identified, and the effects of hurricane influence were tested on vegetation and porewater data. Within fresh marshes, porewater salinity was greater in directly impacted areas, and this heightened salinity was reflected in decreased aboveground and belowground biomass and increased cover of disturbance species in the directly impacted sites. At the brackish/intermediate marsh sites, vegetation variables and porewater salinity were similar in directly and indirectly impacted areas, but porewater salinity was higher than expected throughout the study. Interestingly, directly impacted saline marsh sites had lower porewater salinity than indirectly impacted sites, but aboveground biomass was greater at the directly impacted sites. Because of the variable and site-specific nature of hurricane influences, we present case studies to help define postdisturbance baseline conditions in fresh, brackish/ intermediate, and saline marshes. In fresh marshes, the mechanism of hurricane influence varied across the landscape. In the western region, saltwater storm surge inundated freshwater marshes and remained for weeks, effectively causing damage that reset the vegetation community. This is in contrast to the direct physical disturbance of the storm surge in the eastern region, which flipped and relocated marsh mats, thereby stressing the vegetation communities and providing an opportunity for disturbance species to colonize. In the brackish/intermediate marsh, disturbance species took advantage of the opportunity provided by shifting species composition caused by physical and saltwater-induced perturbations, although this shift is likely to be short lived. Saline marsh sites were not negatively impacted to a severe degree by the hurricanes. Species composition of vegetation in saline marshes was not affected, and sediment deposition appeared to increase vegetative productivity. The coastal landscape of Louisiana is experiencing high rates of land loss resulting from natural and anthropogenic causes and is experiencing subsidence rates greater than 10.0 millimeters per year (mm yr-1); therefore, it is important to understand how hurricanes influence sedimentation and soil properties. We document long-term vertical accretion rates and accumulation rates of organic matter, bulk density, carbon and nitrogen. Analyses using caesium-137 to calculate long-term vertical accretion rates suggest that accretion under impounded conditions is less than in nonimpounded conditions in the brackish marsh of the chenier plain. Our data also support previous studies indicating that accumulation rates of organic matter explain much of the variability associated with vertical accretion in brackish/intermediate and saline marshes. In fresh marshes, more of the variability associated with vertical accretion was explained by mineral accumulation than in the other mars","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111094","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Louisiana Coastal Areas Science and Technology Program and in collaboration with Louisiana State University, the Louisiana Governor's Office of Coastal Protection and Restoration, and the University of Louisiana at Lafayette","usgsCitation":"Piazza, S., Steyer, G.D., Cretini, K., Sasser, C.E., Visser, J.M., Holm, G., Sharp, L., Evers, D.E., and Meriwether, J.R., 2011, Geomorphic and ecological effects of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on coastal Louisiana marsh communities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1094, x, 110 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111094.","productDescription":"x, 110 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"136","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92000,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1094/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1094.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piazza, Sarai C. 0000-0001-6962-9008","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-9008","contributorId":63143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piazza","given":"Sarai C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steyer, Gregory D. 0000-0001-7231-0110 steyerg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":2856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"Gregory","email":"steyerg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cretini, Kari F. 0000-0003-0419-0748","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-0748","contributorId":106247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cretini","given":"Kari F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sasser, Charles E.","contributorId":86858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasser","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Visser, Jenneke M.","contributorId":90397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visser","given":"Jenneke","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holm, Guerry O.","contributorId":79219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"Guerry O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sharp, Leigh A.","contributorId":43879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Leigh A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Evers, D. Elaine","contributorId":98448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evers","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Elaine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meriwether, John R.","contributorId":48686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meriwether","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70005315,"text":"ofr20111227 - 2011 - Analyses of potential factors affecting survival of juvenile salmonids volitionally passing through turbines at McNary and John Day Dams, Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20111227","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1227","title":"Analyses of potential factors affecting survival of juvenile salmonids volitionally passing through turbines at McNary and John Day Dams, Columbia River","docAbstract":"This report describes analyses of data from radio- or acoustic-tagged juvenile salmonids passing through hydro-dam turbines to determine factors affecting fish survival. The data were collected during a series of studies designed to estimate passage and survival probabilities at McNary (2002-09) and John Day (2002-03) Dams on the Columbia River during controlled experiments of structures or operations at spillways. Relatively few tagged fish passed turbines in any single study, but sample sizes generally were adequate for our analyses when data were combined from studies using common methods over a series of years. We used information-theoretic methods to evaluate biological, operational, and group covariates by creating models fitting linear (all covariates) or curvilinear (operational covariates only) functions to the data. Biological covariates included tag burden, weight, and water temperature; operational covariates included spill percentage, total discharge, hydraulic head, and turbine unit discharge; and group covariates included year, treatment, and photoperiod. Several interactions between the variables also were considered. Support of covariates by the data was assessed by comparing the Akaike Information Criterion of competing models. The analyses were conducted because there was a lack of information about factors affecting survival of fish passing turbines volitionally and the data were available from past studies. The depth of acclimation, tag size relative to fish size (tag burden), turbine unit discharge, and area of entry into the turbine intake have been shown to affect turbine passage survival of juvenile salmonids in other studies. This study indicates that turbine passage survival of the study fish was primarily affected by biological covariates rather than operational covariates. A negative effect of tag burden was strongly supported in data from yearling Chinook salmon at John Day and McNary dams, but not for subyearling Chinook salmon or juvenile steelhead. The negative effect of tag burden in data we examined from yearling Chinook salmon supports the recent findings from laboratory studies of barotrauma effects. A curvilinear (quadratic) effect of turbine unit discharge was weakly supported in data from subyearling Chinook salmon at John Day Dam. The maximum survival from those data was estimated to occur at a discharge of 15.9 thousand cubic feet per second, but the estimate was imprecise (95 percent confidence interval of -1.7-33.7 thousand cubic feet per second). This estimate is within the range of 1 percent of peak turbine operating efficiency (12.0-21.6 thousand cubic feet per second), but is lower than the 17.2 thousand cubic feet per second discharge at peak operating efficiency (at a head of 102 feet near the median in the data we examined). Effects of water temperature were supported in four of the five examined data sets and were strongly supported in all but one. Spill percentage, head, and total discharge received weak or moderate support in some cases. The results are consistent with those of several controlled field experiments of turbine discharge. Studies based on the Hi-Z Turb'N tag (balloon tag) often show small, generally statistically insignificant, differences in survival at different turbine discharge levels. Some studies also show that a quadratic equation can be well fit to the relation of survival and turbine unit discharge. The lack of support for the operational covariates in most of the data sets we examined may be due to the small effect turbine discharge has even in controlled studies, the observational nature of the data we used, and the evaluation method. We assessed support of the data for models of linear and quadratic effects, whereas controlled experiments often statistically compare the point estimates of survival from each operational treatment studied. The results of our analyses suggest tag burden should be minimized or controlled for in analyses of future stu","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111227","collaboration":"Contributors: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, and prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J., Hansel, H., Perry, R., Hockersmith, E., and Sandford, B., 2011, Analyses of potential factors affecting survival of juvenile salmonids volitionally passing through turbines at McNary and John Day Dams, Columbia River: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1227, viii, 73 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111227.","productDescription":"viii, 73 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1227.jpg"},{"id":91986,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1227/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River;Mcnary Dam;John Day Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.91666666666667,45.25 ], [ -120.91666666666667,46 ], [ -119.11666666666666,46 ], [ -119.11666666666666,45.25 ], [ -120.91666666666667,45.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68386f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John","contributorId":14559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansel, Hal","contributorId":65947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"Hal","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, Russell","contributorId":33829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hockersmith, Eric","contributorId":56781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hockersmith","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandford, Ben","contributorId":43904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandford","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70005314,"text":"70005314 - 2011 - Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) as vectors of contaminants to human consumers in northwest Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T16:10:08","indexId":"70005314","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) as vectors of contaminants to human consumers in northwest Florida","docAbstract":"The health benefits of regular consumption of fish and seafood have been espoused for many years. However, fish are also a potential source of environmental contaminants that have well known adverse effects on human health. We investigated the consumption risks for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides; n = 104) and striped mullet (Mugil cephalus; n = 170), two commonly harvested and consumed fish species inhabiting fresh and estuarine waters in northwest Florida. Skinless fillets were analyzed for total mercury, inorganic arsenic, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides. Contaminant levels were compared to screening values (SV) calculated using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommendations for establishing consumption advisories. Largemouth bass were found to contain high levels of total mercury at all sampling locations (0.37–0.89 ug/g) and one location exhibited elevated total PCBs (39.4 ng/g). All of the samples exceeded Florida fish consumption advisory trigger levels for total mercury and one location exceeded the U.S. EPA SV for total PCBs. As a result of the high mercury levels, the non-cancer health risks (hazard index–HI) for bass were above 1 for all locations. Striped mullet from several locations with known point sources contained elevated levels of PCBs (overall range 3.4–59.3 ng/g). However, total mercury levels in mullet were low. Eight of the 16 mullet sampling locations exceeded the U.S. EPA SV for total PCBs and two locations exceeded an HI of 1 due to elevated PCBs. Despite the elevated levels of total PCBs in some samples, only two locations exceeded the acceptable cancer risk range and therefore cancer health risks from consumption of bass and mullet were determined to be low at most sampling locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.06.003","usgsCitation":"Karouna-Renier, N., Snyder, R.A., Lange, T., Gibson, S., Allison, J.G., Wagner, M.E., and Rao, K.R., 2011, Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) as vectors of contaminants to human consumers in northwest Florida: Marine Environmental Research, v. 72, no. 3, p. 96-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.06.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.60498046875,\n 31.147006308556566\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 31.071755902820133\n ],\n [\n -87.3193359375,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 30.20211367909724\n ],\n [\n -85.9130859375,\n 30.107117887092357\n ],\n [\n -85.49560546875,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -85.31982421875,\n 29.477861195816843\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 29.592565403314087\n ],\n [\n -84.1552734375,\n 29.897805610155874\n ],\n [\n -83.7158203125,\n 29.7453016622136\n ],\n [\n -83.5400390625,\n 29.439597566602902\n ],\n [\n -83.29833984375,\n 29.286398892934763\n ],\n [\n -83.12255859375,\n 29.036960648558267\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 28.94086176940557\n ],\n [\n -82.77099609375,\n 28.748396571187406\n ],\n [\n -82.880859375,\n 28.304380682962783\n ],\n [\n -80.66162109375,\n 28.246327971048842\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 30.107117887092357\n ],\n [\n -81.5185546875,\n 30.65681556429287\n ],\n [\n -81.97998046875,\n 30.845647420182598\n ],\n [\n -82.02392578125,\n 30.65681556429287\n ],\n [\n -84.70458984375,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -84.96826171874999,\n 31.071755902820133\n ],\n [\n -87.60498046875,\n 31.147006308556566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8e9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. 0000-0001-7127-033X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-033X","contributorId":17357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karouna-Renier","given":"Natalie K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snyder, Richard A.","contributorId":34641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lange, Ted","contributorId":42697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lange","given":"Ted","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gibson, Suzanne","contributorId":54334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Suzanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allison, Jeffrey G.","contributorId":82047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allison","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wagner, Matthew E.","contributorId":63144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rao, K. Ranga","contributorId":13363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rao","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ranga","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70156765,"text":"70156765 - 2011 - Evolution of redox processes in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T14:38:03.272027","indexId":"70156765","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Evolution of redox processes in groundwater","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic redox chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/bk-2011-1071.ch026","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Chapelle, F.H., and Bradley, P.M., 2011, Evolution of redox processes in groundwater, chap. of Aquatic redox chemistry, v. 1071, p. 581-597, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2011-1071.ch026.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"581","endPage":"597","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026551","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1071","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034b9e4b0f42e3d040e11","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Tratnyek, Paul","contributorId":83173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tratnyek","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570428,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grundl, Timothy J.","contributorId":147118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grundl","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570429,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haderlein, Stefan B.","contributorId":147119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haderlein","given":"Stefan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570430,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171011,"text":"70171011 - 2011 - Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:35:46.88476","indexId":"70171011","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils","docAbstract":"In the present study a branched serial first-order decay (BSFOD) model is presented and used to derive transformation rates describing the decay of a common herbicide, atrazine, and its metabolites observed in unsaturated soils adapted to previous atrazine applications and in soils with no history of atrazine applications. Calibration of BSFOD models for soils throughout the country can reduce the uncertainty, relative to that of traditional models, in predicting the fate and transport of pesticides and their metabolites and thus support improved agricultural management schemes for reducing threats to the environment. Results from application of the BSFOD model to better understand the degradation of atrazine supports two previously reported conclusions: atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and its primary metabolites are less persistent in adapted soils than in nonadapted soils; and hydroxyatrazine was the dominant primary metabolite in most of the soils tested. In addition, a method to simulate BSFOD in a one-dimensional solute-transport unsaturated zone model is also presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1002/etc.597","usgsCitation":"Webb, R.M., Sandstrom, M.W., Krutz, L.J., and Shaner, D.L., 2011, Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 9, p. 1973-1981, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.597.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1973","endPage":"1981","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-019767","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d664ce4b07e28b6684e43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Richard M. 0000-0001-9531-2207 rmwebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-2207","contributorId":1570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Richard","email":"rmwebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krutz, L. Jason","contributorId":169420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krutz","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":25506,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Serv., Stoneville, MS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaner, Dale L.","contributorId":169419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaner","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25505,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ft. Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70146649,"text":"70146649 - 2011 - Peat formation processes through the millennia in tidal marshes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T09:24:07","indexId":"70146649","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peat formation processes through the millennia in tidal marshes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine peat formation processes throughout the millennia in four tidal marshes in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Peat cores collected at each site were analyzed for bulk density, loss on ignition, and percent organic carbon. Core data and spline fit age-depth models were used to estimate inorganic sedimentation, organic accumulation, and carbon sequestration rates in the marshes. Bulk density and percent organic matter content of peat fluctuated through time at all sites, suggesting that peat formation processes are dynamic and responsive to watershed conditions. The balance between inorganic sedimentation and organic accumulation at the sites also varied through time, indicating that marshes may rely more strongly on either norganic or organic matter for peat formation at particular times in their existence. Mean carbon sequestration rates found in this study (0.38-0.79 Mg C ha-1 year-1) were similar to other long-term estimates for temperate peatlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Estuarine Research Federation","publisherLocation":"Port Republic, MD","doi":"10.1007/s12237-011-9393-7","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J., 2011, Peat formation processes through the millennia in tidal marshes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 34, no. 5, p. 900-911, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9393-7.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"900","endPage":"911","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017315","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299769,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.85932159423828,\n 38.012664749652494\n ],\n [\n -121.85932159423828,\n 38.07890613330849\n ],\n [\n -121.75392150878905,\n 38.07890613330849\n ],\n [\n -121.75392150878905,\n 38.012664749652494\n ],\n [\n -121.85932159423828,\n 38.012664749652494\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55362343e4b0b22a15807aab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":1659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042961,"text":"70042961 - 2011 - Small-scale sediment transport patterns and bedform morphodynamics: New insights from high resolution multibeam bathymetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-29T18:46:34.042298","indexId":"70042961","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-scale sediment transport patterns and bedform morphodynamics: New insights from high resolution multibeam bathymetry","docAbstract":"New multibeam echosounder and processing technologies yield sub-meter-scale bathymetric resolution, revealing striking details of bedform morphology that are shaped by complex boundary-layer flow dynamics at a range of spatial and temporal scales. An inertially aided post processed kinematic (IAPPK) technique generates a smoothed best estimate trajectory (SBET) solution to tie the vessel motion-related effects of each sounding directly to the ellipsoid, significantly reducing artifacts commonly found in multibeam data, increasing point density, and sharpening seafloor features. The new technique was applied to a large bedform field in 20–30 m water depths in central San Francisco Bay, California (USA), revealing bedforms that suggest boundary-layer flow deflection by the crests where 12-m-wavelength, 0.2-m-amplitude bedforms are superimposed on 60-m-wavelength, 1-m-amplitude bedforms, with crests that often were strongly oblique (approaching 90°) to the larger features on the lee side, and near-parallel on the stoss side. During one survey in April 2008, superimposed bedform crests were continuous between the crests of the larger features, indicating that flow detachment in the lee of the larger bedforms is not always a dominant process. Assessment of bedform crest peakedness, asymmetry, and small-scale bedform evolution between surveys indicates the impact of different flow regimes on the entire bedform field. This paper presents unique fine-scale imagery of compound and superimposed bedforms, which is used to (1) assess the physical forcing and evolution of a bedform field in San Francisco Bay, and (2) in conjunction with numerical modeling, gain a better fundamental understanding of boundary-layer flow dynamics that result in the observed superimposed bedform orientation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00367-011-0227-1","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P.L., Erikson, L., and Kvitek, R.G., 2011, Small-scale sediment transport patterns and bedform morphodynamics: New insights from high resolution multibeam bathymetry: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 31, no. 4, p. 227-236, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-011-0227-1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-015134","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.15560913085938,\n 37.497741887143576\n ],\n [\n -122.08007812499999,\n 37.54675499755639\n ],\n [\n -122.25860595703125,\n 37.75877280300828\n ],\n [\n -122.33139038085936,\n 37.91278405007035\n ],\n [\n -122.39593505859376,\n 37.931200459333716\n ],\n [\n -122.50167846679686,\n 37.938782346134424\n ],\n [\n -122.50167846679686,\n 37.87593739777859\n ],\n [\n -122.46322631835938,\n 37.81195385919268\n ],\n [\n -122.39181518554686,\n 37.79893346559687\n ],\n [\n -122.36846923828125,\n 37.727280276860036\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 37.64794668685352\n ],\n [\n -122.37258911132812,\n 37.60117623656667\n ],\n [\n -122.23388671874999,\n 37.54784381205082\n ],\n [\n -122.15560913085938,\n 37.497741887143576\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7315e4b0b29085108bb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":2880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":3170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li H.","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kvitek, Rikk G.","contributorId":107804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"Rikk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043086,"text":"70043086 - 2011 - The Holocene history of Nares Strait: Transition from glacial bay to Arctic-Atlantic throughflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T12:07:48","indexId":"70043086","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2929,"text":"Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Holocene history of Nares Strait: Transition from glacial bay to Arctic-Atlantic throughflow","docAbstract":"Retreat of glacier ice from Nares Strait and other straits in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago after the end of the last Ice Age initiated an important connection between the Arctic and the North Atlantic Oceans, allowing development of modern ocean circulation in Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea. As low-salinity, nutrient-rich Arctic Water began to enter Baffin Bay, it contributed to the Baffin and Labrador currents flowing southward. This enhanced freshwater inflow must have influenced the sea ice regime and likely is responsible for poor calcium carbonate preservation that characterizes the Baffin Island margin today. Sedimentologic and paleoceanographic data from radiocarbon-dated core HLY03-05GC, Hall Basin, northern Nares Strait, document the timing and paleoenvironments surrounding the retreat of waning ice sheets from Nares Strait and opening of this connection between the Arctic Ocean and Baffin Bay. Hall Basin was deglaciated soon before 10,300 cal BP (calibrated years before present) and records ice-distal sedimentation in a glacial bay facing the Arctic Ocean until about 9,000 cal BP. Atlantic Water was present in Hall Basin during deglaciation, suggesting that it may have promoted ice retreat. A transitional unit with high ice-rafted debris content records the opening of Nares Strait at approximately 9,000 cal BP. High productivity in Hall Basin between 9,000 and 6,000 cal BP reflects reduced sea ice cover and duration as well as throughflow of nutrient-rich Pacific Water. The later Holocene is poorly resolved in the core, but slow sedimentation rates and heavier carbon isotope values support an interpretation of increased sea ice cover and decreased productivity during the Neoglacial period.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Oceanography Society","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2011.52","usgsCitation":"Jennings, A.E., Sheldon, C., Cronin, T.M., Francus, P., Stoner, J., and Andrews, J., 2011, The Holocene history of Nares Strait: Transition from glacial bay to Arctic-Atlantic throughflow: Oceanography, v. 24, no. 3, p. 26-41, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2011.52.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-028446","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2011.52","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269403,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2011.52"},{"id":271466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada;Greenland","otherGeospatial":"Nares Strait","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92,76.1 ], [ -92,83.1 ], [ -61.1,83.1 ], [ -61.1,76.1 ], [ -92,76.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a506ce4b072c16ef14b44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Anne E.","contributorId":38876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheldon, Christina","contributorId":79778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheldon","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Francus, Pierre","contributorId":48847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francus","given":"Pierre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stoner, Joseph","contributorId":49682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andrews, John","contributorId":45984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70004056,"text":"70004056 - 2011 - Microhabitat associations of a semi-terrestrial fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus (Poey 1880) in a mosquito-ditched mangrove forest, west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T18:36:18.340015","indexId":"70004056","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Microhabitat associations of a semi-terrestrial fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus (Poey 1880) in a mosquito-ditched mangrove forest, west-central Florida","title":"Microhabitat associations of a semi-terrestrial fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus (Poey 1880) in a mosquito-ditched mangrove forest, west-central Florida","docAbstract":"Mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus) is one of the few species of fish that is semi-terrestrial and able to use exposed intertidal and potentially supratidal habitats for prolonged periods of time. Based on previous work demonstrating frequent use of subterranean crab burrows as well as damp leaf litter and logs, we examined the microhabitat associations of rivulus in a mosquito-ditched mangrove forest on the Gulf coast of Florida near the northern limit of its distribution. We captured 161 rivulus on 20 dates between late April and mid-December 2007 using trench traps. Fish ranged in size from 7 to 35 mm SL. Peak abundance in mid-summer coincided with recruitment of a new year-class. The three study sites occurred within 0.5 km of one another, and experienced similar water temperatures and salinities. Nevertheless, they differed in their degree of tidal inundation, standing stock of leaf litter, and density of entrances to fiddler crab burrows. We consistently observed the highest mean catches of rivulus away from permanent subtidal waters of mosquito ditches, at intermediate relative elevations, and where leaf litter was locally abundant. Density of entrances to crab burrows was apparently unrelated to rivulus distribution or abundance in these forests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2011.03.003","usgsCitation":"Richards, T.M., Krebs, J.M., and McIvor, C.C., 2011, Microhabitat associations of a semi-terrestrial fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus (Poey 1880) in a mosquito-ditched mangrove forest, west-central Florida: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 401, no. 1-2, p. 48-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.03.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"56","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.61666666666666,27.816666666666666 ], [ -82.61666666666666,27.851111111111113 ], [ -82.56805555555555,27.851111111111113 ], [ -82.56805555555555,27.816666666666666 ], [ -82.61666666666666,27.816666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"401","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e36d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Travis M.","contributorId":58901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krebs, Justin M.","contributorId":35546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krebs","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIvor, Carole C.","contributorId":73254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}