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Collectively, they form common spatial units that can be used to frame the descriptions of aquatic and watershed processes. In addition, they provide the ability to simulate and route the movement of water and associated constituents throughout the landscape. Digital hydrologic networks have evolved from derivatives of mapping products to detailed, interconnected, spatially referenced networks of water pathways, drainage areas, and stream and watershed characteristics. These properties are important because they enhance the ability to spatially evaluate factors that affect the sources and transport of water-quality constituents at various scales. SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW), a process-based &frasl; statistical model, relies on a digital hydrologic network in order to establish relations between quantities of monitored contaminant flux, contaminant sources, and the associated physical characteristics affecting contaminant transport. Digital hydrologic networks modified from the River Reach File (RF1) and National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) geospatial datasets provided frameworks for SPARROW in six regions of the conterminous United States. In addition, characteristics of the modified RF1 were used to update estimates of mean-annual streamflow. This produced more current flow estimates for use in SPARROW modeling.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00578.x","usgsCitation":"Brakebill, J.W., Wolock, D.M., and Terziotti, S., 2011, Digital hydrologic networks supporting applications related to spatially referenced regression modeling: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 916-932, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00578.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"916","endPage":"932","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017266","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00578.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":309374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560d07aee4b058f706e542fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brakebill, John W. 0000-0001-9235-6810 jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-6810","contributorId":1061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakebill","given":"John","email":"jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terziotti, Silvia 0000-0003-3559-5844 seterzio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-5844","contributorId":1613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"Silvia","email":"seterzio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005244,"text":"ofr20091210 - 2011 - Estimating 1970-99 average annual groundwater recharge in Wisconsin using streamflow data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"ofr20091210","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1210","title":"Estimating 1970-99 average annual groundwater recharge in Wisconsin using streamflow data","docAbstract":"Average annual recharge in Wisconsin for the period 1970-99 was estimated using streamflow data from U.S. Geological Survey continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations and partial-record sites. Partial-record sites have discharge measurements collected during low-flow conditions. The average annual base flow of a stream divided by the drainage area is a good approximation of the recharge rate; therefore, once average annual base flow is determined recharge can be calculated. Estimates of recharge for nearly 72 percent of the surface area of the State are provided. The results illustrate substantial spatial variability of recharge across the State, ranging from less than 1 inch to more than 12 inches per year. The average basin size for partial-record sites (50 square miles) was less than the average basin size for the gaging stations (305 square miles). Including results for smaller basins reveals a spatial variability that otherwise would be smoothed out using only estimates for larger basins. An error analysis indicates that the techniques used provide base flow estimates with standard errors ranging from 5.4 to 14 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091210","usgsCitation":"Gebert, W.A., Walker, J.F., and Kennedy, J.L., 2011, Estimating 1970-99 average annual groundwater recharge in Wisconsin using streamflow data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1210, iv, 13 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091210.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"1969-10-01","temporalEnd":"1999-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1210.gif"},{"id":91778,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1210/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.9,42.5 ], [ -92.9,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,42.5 ], [ -92.9,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc9ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gebert, Warren A. wagebert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebert","given":"Warren","email":"wagebert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, James L. lkennedy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"James","email":"lkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005227,"text":"pp1774 - 2011 - Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:47:50","indexId":"pp1774","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1774","title":"Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers","docAbstract":"Several common methods for measuring suspended-sediment concentration in rivers in the United States use depth-integrating samplers to collect a velocity-weighted suspended-sediment sample in a subsample of a river cross section. Because depth-integrating samplers are always moving through the water column as they collect a sample, and can collect only a limited volume of water and suspended sediment, they collect only minimally time-averaged data. Four sources of error exist in the field use of these samplers: (1) bed contamination, (2) pressure-driven inrush, (3) inadequate sampling of the cross-stream spatial structure in suspended-sediment concentration, and (4) inadequate time averaging. The first two of these errors arise from misuse of suspended-sediment samplers, and the third has been the subject of previous study using data collected in the sand-bedded Middle Loup River in Nebraska. Of these four sources of error, the least understood source of error arises from the fact that depth-integrating samplers collect only minimally time-averaged data. To evaluate this fourth source of error, we collected suspended-sediment data between 1995 and 2007 at four sites on the Colorado River in Utah and Arizona, using a P-61 suspended-sediment sampler deployed in both point- and one-way depth-integrating modes, and D-96-A1 and D-77 bag-type depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers. These data indicate that the minimal duration of time averaging during standard field operation of depth-integrating samplers leads to an error that is comparable in magnitude to that arising from inadequate sampling of the cross-stream spatial structure in suspended-sediment concentration. This random error arising from inadequate time averaging is positively correlated with grain size and does not largely depend on flow conditions or, for a given size class of suspended sediment, on elevation above the bed. Averaging over time scales >1 minute is the likely minimum duration required to result in substantial decreases in this error. During standard two-way depth integration, a depth-integrating suspended-sediment sampler collects a sample of the water-sediment mixture during two transits at each vertical in a cross section: one transit while moving from the water surface to the bed, and another transit while moving from the bed to the water surface. As the number of transits is doubled at an individual vertical, this error is reduced by ~30 percent in each size class of suspended sediment. For a given size class of suspended sediment, the error arising from inadequate sampling of the cross-stream spatial structure in suspended-sediment concentration depends only on the number of verticals collected, whereas the error arising from inadequate time averaging depends on both the number of verticals collected and the number of transits collected at each vertical. Summing these two errors in quadrature yields a total uncertainty in an equal-discharge-increment (EDI) or equal-width-increment (EWI) measurement of the time-averaged velocity-weighted suspended-sediment concentration in a river cross section (exclusive of any laboratory-processing errors). By virtue of how the number of verticals and transits influences the two individual errors within this total uncertainty, the error arising from inadequate time averaging slightly dominates that arising from inadequate sampling of the cross-stream spatial structure in suspended-sediment concentration. Adding verticals to an EDI or EWI measurement is slightly more effective in reducing the total uncertainty than adding transits only at each vertical, because a new vertical contributes both temporal and spatial information. However, because collection of depth-integrated samples at more transits at each vertical is generally easier and faster than at more verticals, addition of a combination of verticals and transits is likely a more practical approach to reducing the total uncertainty in most field situatio","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1774","usgsCitation":"Topping, D.J., Rubin, D.M., Wright, S., and Melis, T., 2011, Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1774, vii, 52 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1774.","productDescription":"vii, 52 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"102","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1774.gif"},{"id":91755,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1774/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,30 ], [ -120,44 ], [ -103,44 ], [ -103,30 ], [ -120,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5caf3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70004031,"text":"70004031 - 2011 - Formation dynamics of subsurface hydrocarbon intrusions following the Deepwater Horizon blowout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-25T21:43:03.102819","indexId":"70004031","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation dynamics of subsurface hydrocarbon intrusions following the Deepwater Horizon blowout","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrocarbons released following the Deepwater Horizon (DH) blowout were found in deep, subsurface horizontal intrusions, yet there has been little discussion about how these intrusions formed. We have combined measured (or estimated) observations from the DH release with empirical relationships developed from previous lab experiments to identify the mechanisms responsible for intrusion formation and to characterize the DH plume. Results indicate that the intrusions originate from a stratification‐dominated multiphase plume characterized by multiple subsurface intrusions containing dissolved gas and oil along with small droplets of liquid oil. Unlike earlier lab measurements, where the potential density in ambient water decreased linearly with elevation, at the DH site it varied quadratically. We have modified our method for estimating intrusion elevation under these conditions and the resulting estimates agree with observations that the majority of the hydrocarbons were found between 800 and 1200 m.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011GL047174","usgsCitation":"Socolofsky, S.A., Adams, E.E., and Sherwood, C.R., 2011, Formation dynamics of subsurface hydrocarbon intrusions following the Deepwater Horizon blowout: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 9, L09602, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047174.","productDescription":"L09602, 6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl047174","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.977294921875,\n              25.799891182088334\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.462158203125,\n              25.799891182088334\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.462158203125,\n              29.391747742992806\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.977294921875,\n              29.391747742992806\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.977294921875,\n              25.799891182088334\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae40f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Socolofsky, Scott A.","contributorId":93181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Socolofsky","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, E. Eric","contributorId":14561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004646,"text":"70004646 - 2011 - Ecological influence and pathways of land use in sagebrush","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-29T09:55:16","indexId":"70004646","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ecological influence and pathways of land use in sagebrush","docAbstract":"Land use in sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) landscapes influences all sage-grouse (Centrocer-cus spp.) populations in western North America. Croplands and the network of irrigation canals cover 230,000 km2 and indirectly influence up to 77% of the Sage-Grouse Conservation Area and 73% of sagebrush land cover by subsidizing synanthropic predators on sage-grouse. Urbanization and the demands of human population growth have created an extensive network of con-necting infrastructure that is expanding its influence on sagebrush landscapes. Over 2,500 km<sup>2</sup> are now covered by interstate highways and paved roads; when secondary roads are included, 15% of the Sage-Grouse Conservation Area and 5% of existing sagebrush habitats are 2.5 km from roads. Density of secondary roads often exceeds 5 km/km<sup>2</sup>, resulting in widespread motorized access for recreation, creating extensive travel corridors for management actions and resource development, subsidizing predators adapted to human presence, and facilitating spread of exotic or invasive plants. Sagebrush lands also are being used for their wilderness and recreation values, including off highway vehicle use. Approximately 12,000,000 animal use months (AUM amount of forage to support one livestock unit per month) are permitted for grazing livestock on public lands in the western states. Direct effects of grazing on sage-grouse populations or sagebrush landscapes are not possible to assess from current data. However, management of lands grazed by livestock has influenced sagebrush ecosystems by vegetation treatments to increase forage and reduce sagebrush and other plant species unpalatable to livestock. Fences (2 km/km<sup>2</sup> in some regions), roads, and water developments to manage livestock movements further modify the landscape. Oil and gas development influences 8% of the sagebrush habitats with the highest intensities occurring in the eastern range of sage-grouse; 20% of the sagebrush distribution is indirectly influenced in the Great Plains, Wyoming Basin, and Colorado Plateau SMZs. Energy development physically removes habitat to construct well pads, roads, power lines, and pipelines; indirect effects include habitat fragmentation, soil disturbance, and facilitation of exotic plant and animal spread. More recent development of alternative energy, such as wind and geothermal, creates infrastructure in new regions of the sage-grouse distribution. Land use will continue to be a dominant stressor on sage-brush systems; its individual and cumulative effects will challenge long-term conservation of sage-grouse populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Greater sage-grouse: Ecology and conservation of a landscape species and its habitats","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., Hanser, S.E., Miller, R., Pyke, D.A., Wisdom, M.J., Finn, S.P., Rinkes, E.T., and Henny, C.J., 2011, Ecological influence and pathways of land use in sagebrush, chap. <i>of</i> Greater sage-grouse: Ecology and conservation of a landscape species and its habitats, v. 38, p. 203-252.","productDescription":"50 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91758,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520267114","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627fdd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":508252,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connelly, John W.","contributorId":32391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connelly","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508253,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanser, Steven E.","contributorId":99273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanser","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Richard F.","contributorId":12964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Richard F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wisdom, Michael J.","contributorId":63934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wisdom","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finn, Sean P.","contributorId":106623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rinkes, E. Thomas","contributorId":46675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinkes","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70005217,"text":"ofr20111197 - 2011 - Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2011 Horseshoe II burn area, southeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20111197","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1197","title":"Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2011 Horseshoe II burn area, southeastern Arizona","docAbstract":"This report presents a preliminary emergency assessment of the debris-flow hazards from drainage basins burned in 2011 by the Horseshoe II wildfire in southeastern Arizona. Empirical models derived from statistical evaluation of data collected from recently burned drainage basins throughout the intermountain western United States were used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence and debris-flows volumes for selected drainage basins. Input for the models include measures of burn severity, topographic characteristics, soil properties, and rainfall total and intensity for a (1) 2-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall, (2) 5-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall, and (3) 10-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall.\r\n\r\n  Estimated debris-flow probabilities in the drainage basins of interest ranged from less than 1 percent in response to the 2-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall to a high of 100 percent in response to the 10-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall. The high probabilities in all modeled drainage basins are likely due to the abundance of steep hillslopes and the extensive areas burned at moderate to high severities. The estimated debris-flow volumes ranged from a low of 20 cubic meters to a high of greater than 100,000 cubic meters.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111197","usgsCitation":"Ruddy, B.C., 2011, Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2011 Horseshoe II burn area, southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1197, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111197.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1197.jpg"},{"id":91746,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.5,31.666666666666668 ], [ -109.5,32.333333333333336 ], [ -109,32.333333333333336 ], [ -109,31.666666666666668 ], [ -109.5,31.666666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651750","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruddy, Barbara C. bcruddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruddy","given":"Barbara","email":"bcruddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005161,"text":"ds623 - 2011 - Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"ds623","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"623","title":"Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2010","docAbstract":"The Albuquerque Basin, located in central New Mexico, is about 100 miles long and 25-40 miles wide. The basin is defined as the extent of consolidated and unconsolidated deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age that encompasses the structural Rio Grande Rift within the basin. Drinking-water supplies throughout the basin were obtained solely from groundwater resources until December 2008, when surface water from the Rio Grande began being treated and integrated into the system. An increase of about 20 percent in the basin human population from 1990 to 2000 and about a 22 percent increase from 2000 to 2010 also resulted in an increased demand for water. A network of wells was established by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque to monitor changes in groundwater levels throughout the basin from April 1982 through September 1983. This network consisted of 6 wells with analog-to-digital recorders and 27 wells where water levels were measured monthly in 1983. Currently (2010), the network consists of 124 wells and piezometers (a piezometer is a small-diameter subwell usually nested within a larger well). To better help the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority manage water use, this report presents water-level data collected by U.S. Geological Survey personnel at those 124 sites through water year 2010.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds623","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Beman, J.E., 2011, Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 623, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds623.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_623.jpg"},{"id":91744,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/623/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,34 ], [ -107.5,30.75 ], [ -106,30.75 ], [ -106,34 ], [ -107.5,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e744f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beman, Joseph E. 0000-0002-0689-029X jebeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-029X","contributorId":2619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beman","given":"Joseph","email":"jebeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005210,"text":"sir20115128 - 2011 - Updated one-dimensional hydraulic model of the Kootenai River, Idaho: A supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5110","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T22:33:46.757182","indexId":"sir20115128","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5128","title":"Updated one-dimensional hydraulic model of the Kootenai River, Idaho: A supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5110","docAbstract":"The Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, in cooperation with local, State, Federal, and Canadian agency co-managers and scientists, is assessing the feasibility of a Kootenai River habitat restoration project in Boundary County, Idaho. The restoration project is focused on recovery of the endangered Kootenai River white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) population, and simultaneously targets habitat-based recovery of other native river biota. River restoration is a complex undertaking that requires a thorough understanding of the river and floodplain landscape prior to restoration efforts. To assist in evaluating the feasibility of this endeavor, the U.S. Geological Survey developed an updated one-dimensional hydraulic model of the Kootenai River in Idaho between river miles (RMs) 105.6 and 171.9 to characterize the current hydraulic conditions. A previously calibrated model of the study area, based on channel geometry data collected during 2002 and 2003, was the basis for this updated model. New high-resolution bathymetric surveys conducted in the study reach between RMs 138 and 161.4 provided additional detail of channel morphology. A light detection and ranging (LIDAR) survey was flown in the Kootenai River valley in 2005 between RMs 105.6 and 159.5 to characterize the floodplain topography. Six temporary gaging stations installed in 2006-08 between RMs 154.1 and 161.2, combined with five permanent gaging stations in the study reach, provided discharge and water-surface elevations for model calibration and verification. Measured discharges ranging from about 4,800 to 63,000 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s) were simulated for calibration events, and calibrated water-surface elevations ranged from about 1,745 to 1,820 feet (ft) throughout the extent of the model. Calibration was considered acceptable when the simulated and measured water-surface elevations at gaging stations differed by less than (+/-)0.15 ft. Model verification consisted of simulating 10 additional events with measured discharges ranging from about 4,900 to 52,000 ft<sup>3</sup>/s, and comparing simulated and measured water-surface elevations at gaging stations. Average water-surface-elevation error in the verification simulations was 0.05 ft, with the error ranging from -1.17 to 0.94 ft over the range of events and gaging stations. Additional verification included a graphical comparison of measured average velocities that range from 1.0 to 6.2 feet per second to simulated velocities at four sites within the study reach for measured discharges ranging from about 7,400 to 46,600 ft<sup>3</sup>/s. The availability of high-resolution bathymetric and LIDAR data, along with the additional gaging stations in the study reach, allowed for more detail to be added to the model and a more thorough calibration, sensitivity, and verification analysis to be conducted. Model resolution and performance is most improved between RMs 140 and 160, which includes the 18.3-mile reach of the Kootenai River white sturgeon critical habitat.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho and the Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Czuba, C.R., and Barton, G., 2011, Updated one-dimensional hydraulic model of the Kootenai River, Idaho: A supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5110: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5128, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115128.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410515,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95415.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":91756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5128.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Kootenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.0453,\n              48.7264\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.2,\n              48.7264\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.2,\n              48.61\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.0453,\n              48.61\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.0453,\n              48.7264\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, Christiana R. cczuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":4555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Christiana","email":"cczuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, Gary J. gbarton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Gary J.","email":"gbarton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004005,"text":"70004005 - 2011 - Fish and chips? Implanted transmitters help map the endangered pallid sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:53","indexId":"70004005","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1748,"text":"GeoWorld","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish and chips? Implanted transmitters help map the endangered pallid sturgeon","docAbstract":"With a flattened snout, long slender tail and rows of bony plates lining its body, the pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) has a unique, almost pre-historic, appearance. This endangered fish is native to the muddy, free-flowing waters of the Missouri River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GeoWorld","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bev-Al Communications, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Bolingbrook, IL","usgsCitation":"Chojnacki, K., and DeLonay, A., 2011, Fish and chips? Implanted transmitters help map the endangered pallid sturgeon: GeoWorld, no. April, p. 14-17.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91739,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.geoplace.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=&nm=&type=MultiPublishing&mod=PublishingTitles&mid=2F0B36C074B04B3DAACB3F3733414366&tier=4&id=A6F854CD565D4550B21250ADECBE1C2C","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","issue":"April","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f46ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chojnacki, Kimberly","contributorId":96400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeLonay, Aaron","contributorId":49914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"Aaron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005208,"text":"sir20115103 - 2011 - Natural resource mitigation, adaptation and research needs related to climate change in the Great Basin and Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-11T11:54:36","indexId":"sir20115103","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5103","title":"Natural resource mitigation, adaptation and research needs related to climate change in the Great Basin and Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"This report synthesizes the knowledge, opinions, and concerns of many Federal and State land managers, scientists, stakeholders, and partners from a workshop, held at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, on April 20-22, 2010. Land managers, research scientists, and resource specialists identified common concerns regarding the potential effects of climate change on public lands and natural resources in the Great Basin and Mojave Desert and developed recommendations for mitigation, adaptation, and research needs. Water and, conversely, the effects of drought emerged as a common theme in all breakout sessions on terrestrial and aquatic species at risk, managing across boundaries, monitoring, and ecosystem services. Climate change models for the southwestern deserts predict general warming and drying with increasing precipitation variability year to year. Scientists noted that under these changing conditions the past may no longer be a guide to the future in which managers envision increasing conflicts between human water uses and sustaining ecosystems. Increasing environmental stress also is expected as a consequence of shifting ecosystem boundaries and species distributions, expansion of non-native species, and decoupling of biotic mutualisms, leading to increasingly unstable biologic communities. Managers uniformly expressed a desire to work across management and agency boundaries at a landscape scale but conceded that conflicting agency missions and budgetary constraints often impede collaboration. More and better science is needed to cope with the effects of climate change but, perhaps even more important is the application of science to management issues using the methods of adaptive management based on long-term monitoring to assess the merits of management actions. Access to data is essential for science-based land management. Basic inventories, spatial databases, baseline condition assessments, data quality assurance, and data sharing were identified as top information priorities by all participants at this workshop. Optimizing the utility of ecosystem monitoring data will require standardizing monitoring protocols across agencies. Better communication among researchers and managers and cooperation through partnerships to manage resources across boundaries were emphasized as necessary for adapting to changing climatic conditions. However, even these strategies may be insufficient unless policy mandates, agency missions, and funding are coordinated at a high level.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115103","usgsCitation":"Hughson, D.L., Busch, D.E., Davis, S., Finn, S.P., Caicco, S., and Verburg, P.S., 2011, Natural resource mitigation, adaptation and research needs related to climate change in the Great Basin and Mojave Desert: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5103, iv, 32 p.; Glossary, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115103.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.; Glossary","startPage":"i","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5103.jpg"},{"id":91256,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5103/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6981a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughson, Debra L.","contributorId":58757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughson","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busch, David E. dave_busch@usgs.gov","contributorId":3392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"David","email":"dave_busch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Scott","contributorId":68443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finn, Sean P.","contributorId":106623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caicco, Steve","contributorId":10534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caicco","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verburg, Paul S.J.","contributorId":79217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verburg","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70005189,"text":"ofr20111180 - 2011 - Groundwater quality in the Lake Champlain Basin, New York, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"ofr20111180","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1180","title":"Groundwater quality in the Lake Champlain Basin, New York, 2009","docAbstract":"Water was sampled from 20 production and domestic wells from August through November 2009 to characterize groundwater quality in the Lake Champlain Basin in New York. Of the 20 wells sampled, 8 were completed in sand and gravel, and 12 were completed in bedrock. The samples were collected and processed by standard U.S. Geological Survey procedures and were analyzed for 147 physiochemical properties and constituents, including major ions, nutrients, trace elements, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), radionuclides, and indicator bacteria.\n\n  Water quality in the study area is generally good, but concentrations of some constituents equaled or exceeded current or proposed Federal or New York State drinking-water standards; these were color (1 sample), pH (3 samples), sodium (3 samples), total dissolved solids (4 samples), iron (4 samples), manganese (3 samples), gross alpha radioactivity (1 sample), radon-222 (10 samples), and bacteria (5 samples). The pH of all samples was typically neutral or slightly basic (median 7.1); the median water temperature was 9.7&deg;C. The ions with the highest median concentrations were bicarbonate [median 158 milligrams per liter (mg/L)] and calcium (median 45.5 mg/L). Groundwater in the study area is soft to very hard, but more samples were hard or very hard (121 mg/L or more as CaCO<sub>3</sub>) than were moderately hard or soft (120 mg/L or less as CaCO<sub>3</sub>); the median hardness was 180 mg/L as CaCO<sub>3</sub>. The maximum concentration of nitrate plus nitrite was 3.79 mg/L as nitrogen, which did not exceed established drinking-water standards for nitrate plus nitrite (10 mg/L as nitrogen). The trace elements with the highest median concentrations were strontium (median 202 micrograms per liter [&mu;g/L]), and iron (median 55 &mu;g/L in unfiltered water). Six pesticides and pesticide degradates, including atrazine, fipronil, disulfoton, prometon, and two pesticide degradates, CIAT and desulfinylfipronil, were detected among five samples at concentrations of 0.02 &mu;g/L or less; they included herbicides, herbicide degradates, insecticides, and insecticide degradates. Six VOCs were detected among six samples; these included a solvent, the gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and four trihalomethanes. The highest radon-222 activities were in samples from crystalline bedrock wells (maximum 4,100 picocuries per liter [pCi/L]); half of all samples exceeded a proposed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking-water standard of 300 pCi/L. Total coliform bacteria were detected in five samples, fecal coliform bacteria were detected in one sample, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were not detected in any sample.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Nystrom, E.A., 2011, Groundwater quality in the Lake Champlain Basin, New York, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1180, vi, 21 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111180.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1180.JPG"},{"id":24577,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Clinton;Essex;Franklin;Warren;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lake Champlain Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.5,43 ], [ -74.5,45 ], [ -73,45 ], [ -73,43 ], [ -74.5,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659f5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nystrom, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-0886-3439 nystrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-3439","contributorId":1072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"nystrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005160,"text":"fs20113082 - 2011 - Annual peak streamflow and ancillary data for small watersheds in central and western Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:24:04","indexId":"fs20113082","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3082","title":"Annual peak streamflow and ancillary data for small watersheds in central and western Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Estimates of annual peak-streamflow frequency are needed for flood-plain management, assessment of flood risk, and design of structures, such as roads, bridges, culverts, dams, and levees. Regional regression equations have been developed and are used extensively to estimate annual peak-streamflow frequency for ungaged sites in natural (unregulated and rural or nonurbanized) watersheds in Texas (Asquith and Slade, 1997; Asquith and Thompson, 2008; Asquith and Roussel, 2009). The most recent regional regression equations were developed by using data from 638 Texas streamflow-gaging stations throughout the State with eight or more years of data by using drainage area, channel slope, and mean annual precipitation as predictor variables (Asquith and Roussel, 2009). However, because of a lack of sufficient historical streamflow data from small, rural watersheds in certain parts of the State (central and western), substantial uncertainity exists when using the regional regression equations for the purpose of estimating annual peak-streamflow frequency.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113082","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Harwell, G.R., and Asquith, W.H., 2011, Annual peak streamflow and ancillary data for small watersheds in central and western Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3082, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113082.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3082.gif"},{"id":24567,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3082/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.018798828125,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.0634765625,\n              36.500805317604794\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.99755859375,\n              36.500805317604794\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.008544921875,\n              34.6060845921693\n            ],\n            [\n         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gharwell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwell","given":"Glenn","email":"gharwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005167,"text":"sir20115115 - 2011 - Factors affecting groundwater quality in the Valley and Ridge aquifers, eastern United States, 1993-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115115","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5115","title":"Factors affecting groundwater quality in the Valley and Ridge aquifers, eastern United States, 1993-2002","docAbstract":"Chemical and microbiological analyses of water from 230 wells and 35 springs in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province, sampled between 1993 and 2002, indicated that bedrock type (carbonate or siliciclastic rock) and land use were dominant factors influencing groundwater quality across a region extending from northwestern Georgia to New Jersey. The analyses included naturally occurring compounds (major mineral ions and radon) and anthropogenic contaminants [pesticides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)], and contaminants, such as nitrate and bacteria, which commonly increase as a result of human activities. Natural factors, such as topographic position and the mineral composition of underlying geology, act to produce basic physical and geochemical conditions in groundwater that are reflected in physical properties, such as pH, temperature, specific conductance, and alkalinity, and in chemical concentrations of dissolved oxygen, radon, and major mineral ions. Anthropogenic contaminants were most commonly found in water from wells and springs in carbonate-rock aquifers. Nitrate concentrations exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant levels in 12 percent of samples, most of which were from carbonate-rock aquifers. Escherichia coli (E. coli), pesticide, and VOC detection frequencies were significantly higher in samples from sites in carbonate-rock aquifers. Naturally occurring elements, such as radon, iron, and manganese, were found in higher concentrations in siliciclastic-rock aquifers. Radon levels exceeded the proposed maximum contaminant level of 300 picocuries per liter in 74 percent of the samples, which were evenly distributed between carbonate- and siliciclastic-rock aquifers. The land use in areas surrounding wells and springs was another significant explanatory variable for the occurrence of anthropogenic compounds. Nitrate and pesticide concentrations were highest in samples collected from sites in agricultural areas and lowest in samples collected from sites in undeveloped areas. Volatile organic compounds were detected most frequently and in highest concentrations in samples from sites in urban areas, and least frequently in agricultural and undeveloped areas. No volatile organic compound concentrations and concentrations from only one pesticide, dieldrin, exceeded human-health benchmarks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115115","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.C., Zimmerman, T.M., Lindsey, B., and Gross, E.L., 2011, Factors affecting groundwater quality in the Valley and Ridge aquifers, eastern United States, 1993-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5115, xii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115115.","productDescription":"xii, 70 p.","temporalStart":"1992-10-01","temporalEnd":"2002-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5115.jpg"},{"id":24570,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Georgia;Tennessee;North Carolina;Virginia;Kentucky;West Virginia;Pennsylvania;Maryl;New Jersey;New York","otherGeospatial":"Valley And Ridge Aquifers;Delaware River Basin;Susquehanna River Basin;Potomac River Basin;Tennessee River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90,32 ], [ -90,42 ], [ -73.5,42 ], [ -73.5,32 ], [ -90,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f8819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Gregory C. 0000-0003-3683-5010 gcjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3683-5010","contributorId":1420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregory","email":"gcjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Tammy M. 0000-0003-0842-6981 tmzimmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-6981","contributorId":2359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Tammy","email":"tmzimmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gross, Eliza L. 0000-0002-8835-3382 egross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8835-3382","contributorId":430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Eliza","email":"egross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005159,"text":"sir20115122 - 2011 - Construction of shipping channels in the Detroit River: History and environmental consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T22:47:52.460673","indexId":"sir20115122","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5122","title":"Construction of shipping channels in the Detroit River: History and environmental consequences","docAbstract":"The Detroit River is one of the most biologically diverse areas in the Great Lakes basin. It has been an important international shipping route since the 1820s and is one of the busiest navigation centers in the United States. Historically, it supported one of the most profitable Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) commercial fisheries in the Great Lakes. Since 1874, the lower Detroit River has been systematically and extensively modified, by construction of deepwater channels, to facilitate commercial shipping. Large-scale dredging, disposal of dredge spoils, and construction of water-level compensating works has greatly altered channel morphology and flow dynamics of the river, disrupting ecological function and fishery productivity of the river and influencing Great Lakes water levels. From 1874 to 1968, major construction projects created 96.5 kilometers (60 miles) of shipping channels, removed over 46,200,000 m<sup>3</sup> of material, covered 4,050 hectares (40.5 square kilometers) of river bottom with dredge spoils, and built 85 hectares of above-waterline compensating works at a total cost of US$283 million. Interest by industries and government agencies to develop the river further for shipping is high and increasing. Historically, as environmental protection agencies were created, construction impacts on natural resources were increasingly addressed during the planning process and, in some cases, assessments of these impacts greatly altered or halted proposed construction projects. Careful planning of future shipping-channel construction and maintenance projects, including a thorough analysis of the expected environmental impacts, could greatly reduce financial costs and ecological damages as compared to past shipping-channel construction projects.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Bennion, D.H., and Manny, B.A., 2011, Construction of shipping channels in the Detroit River: History and environmental consequences: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5122, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115122.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426344,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94501.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":24564,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5122.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.91384209873428,\n              42.35784036983503\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.23998871255239,\n              42.35784036983503\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.23998871255239,\n              42.033994854810544\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.91384209873428,\n              42.033994854810544\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.91384209873428,\n              42.35784036983503\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2eb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennion, David H. dbennion@usgs.gov","contributorId":3426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennion","given":"David","email":"dbennion@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005155,"text":"ofr20111196 - 2011 - Proceedings of the Klamath Basin Science Conference, Medford, Oregon, February 1-5, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T15:38:55","indexId":"ofr20111196","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1196","title":"Proceedings of the Klamath Basin Science Conference, Medford, Oregon, February 1-5, 2010","docAbstract":"This report presents the proceedings of the Klamath Basin Science Conference (February 2010). A primary purpose of the meeting was to inform and update Klamath Basin stakeholders about areas of scientific progress and accomplishment during the last 5 years. Secondary conference objectives focused on the identification of outstanding information needs and science priorities as they relate to whole watershed management, restoration ecology, and possible reintroduction of Pacific salmon associated with the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement (KBRA). Information presented in plenary, technical, breakout, and poster sessions has been assembled into chapters that reflect the organization, major themes, and content of the conference. Chapter 1 reviews the major environmental issues and resource management and other stakeholder needs of the basin. Importantly, this assessment of information needs included the possibility of large-scale restoration projects in the future and lessons learned from a case study in South Florida.\n\nOther chapters (2-6) summarize information about key components of the Klamath Basin, support conceptual modeling of the aquatic ecosystem (Chapter 7), and synthesize our impressions of the most pressing science priorities for management and restoration. A wealth of information was presented at the conference and this has been captured in chapters addressing environmental setting and human development of the basin, hydrology, watershed processes, fishery resources, and potential effects from climate change. The final chapter (8) culminates in a discussion of many specific research priorities that relate to and bookend the broader management needs and restoration goals identified in Chapter 1. In many instances, the conferees emphasized long-term and process-oriented approaches to watershed science in the basin as planning moves forward.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111196","usgsCitation":"2011, Proceedings of the Klamath Basin Science Conference, Medford, Oregon, February 1-5, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1196, iv, 312 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111196.","productDescription":"iv, 312 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1196.jpg"},{"id":356539,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1196/pdf/ofr20111196.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18.82 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.81365966796874,\n              42.3037216984154\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12951660156249,\n              42.42548395494743\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53601074218751,\n              42.39912215986002\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.85186767578125,\n              42.38898005764399\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.04962158203124,\n              42.35042512243457\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.277587890625,\n              42.291532494305976\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.39294433593749,\n              42.17154633452751\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.70605468750001,\n              42.004407212963585\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.93676757812499,\n              41.87365126992505\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1180419921875,\n              41.644183479397455\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.07684326171874,\n              41.50857729743935\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.07409667968749,\n              41.376808565702355\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.12353515624999,\n              41.20552261955812\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.02191162109375,\n              41.11246878918088\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.71429443359375,\n              41.106260503564485\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.21990966796874,\n              41.18692242290296\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.63214111328125,\n              41.29431726315258\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1075439453125,\n              41.55381099217959\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.89056396484375,\n              42.014611228817955\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.75323486328124,\n              42.18579390537848\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.77520751953125,\n              42.256983603767466\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81365966796874,\n              42.3037216984154\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660475","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thorsteinson, Lyman K. lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinson","given":"Lyman","email":"lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742751,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vanderkooi, Scott P. svanderkooi@usgs.gov","contributorId":3319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderkooi","given":"Scott","email":"svanderkooi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742752,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duffy, Walter G. wgd7001@usgs.gov","contributorId":2491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"Walter","email":"wgd7001@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742753,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005131,"text":"ofr20111175 - 2011 - Gas, oil, and water production from Wattenberg Field in the Denver Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-20T21:07:41.03248","indexId":"ofr20111175","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1175","title":"Gas, oil, and water production from Wattenberg Field in the Denver Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Gas, oil, and water production data were compiled from selected wells in two tight gas reservoirs-the Codell-Niobrara interval, comprised of the Codell Sandstone Member of the Carlile Shale and the Niobrara Formation; and the Dakota J interval, comprised mostly of the Muddy (J) Sandstone of the Dakota Group; both intervals are of Cretaceous age-in the Wattenberg field in the Denver Basin of Colorado. Production from each well is represented by two samples spaced five years apart, the first sample typically taken two years after production commenced, which generally was in the 1990s. For each producing interval, summary diagrams and tables of oil-versus-gas production and water-versus-gas production are shown with fluid-production rates, the change in production over five years, the water-gas and oil-gas ratios, and the fluid type. These diagrams and tables permit well-to-well and field-to-field comparisons. Fields producing water at low rates (water dissolved in gas in the reservoir) can be distinguished from fields producing water at moderate or high rates, and the water-gas ratios are quantified. \r\n\r\n  The Dakota J interval produces gas on a per-well basis at roughly three times the rate of the Codell-Niobrara interval. After five years of production, gas data from the second samples show that both intervals produce gas, on average, at about one-half the rate as the first sample. Oil-gas ratios in the Codell-Niobrara interval are characteristic of a retrograde gas and are considerably higher than oil-gas ratios in the Dakota J interval, which are characteristic of a wet gas. Water production from both intervals is low, and records in many wells are discontinuous, particularly in the Codell-Niobrara interval. Water-gas ratios are broadly variable, with some of the variability possibly due to the difficulty of measuring small production rates. Most wells for which water is reported have water-gas ratios exceeding the amount that could exist dissolved in gas at reservoir pressure and temperature. \r\n\r\n  The Codell-Niobrara interval is reported to be overpressured (that is, pressure greater than hydrostatic) whereas the underlying Dakota J interval is underpressured (less than hydrostatic), demonstrating a lack of hydraulic communication between the two intervals despite their proximity over a broad geographical area. The underpressuring in the Dakota J interval has been attributed by others to outcropping strata east of the basin. We agree with this interpretation and postulate that the gas accumulation also may contribute to hydraulic isolation from outcrops immediately west of the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111175","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., and Santus, S.L., 2011, Gas, oil, and water production from Wattenberg Field in the Denver Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1175, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111175.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1175.gif"},{"id":24554,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":390707,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95388.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Denver Basin, Wattenberg Field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.5333,\n              39.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.4833,\n              39.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.4833,\n              40.5722\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.5333,\n              40.5722\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.5333,\n              39.8333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0dca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santus, Stephen L. ssantus@usgs.gov","contributorId":4566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santus","given":"Stephen","email":"ssantus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005042,"text":"70005042 - 2011 - Characterization of culturable bacteria isolated from the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T16:40:36.300782","indexId":"70005042","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Characterization of culturable bacteria isolated from the cold-water coral <i>Lophelia pertusa</i>","title":"Characterization of culturable bacteria isolated from the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa","docAbstract":"Microorganisms associated with corals are hypothesized to contribute to the function of the host animal by cycling nutrients, breaking down carbon sources, fixing nitrogen, and producing antibiotics. This is the first study to culture and characterize bacteria from Lophelia pertusa, a cold-water coral found in the deep sea, in an effort to understand the roles that the microorganisms play in the coral microbial community. Two sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico were sampled over 2 years. Bacteria were cultured from coral tissue, skeleton, and mucus, identified by 16S rRNA genes, and subjected to biochemical testing. Most isolates were members of the Gammaproteobacteria, although there was one isolate each from the Betaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Phylogenetic results showed that both sampling sites shared closely related isolates (e.g. Pseudoalteromonas spp.), indicating possible temporally and geographically stable bacterial-coral associations. The Kirby-Bauer antibiotic susceptibility test was used to separate bacteria to the strain level, with the results showing that isolates that were phylogenetically tightly grouped had varying responses to antibiotics. These results support the conclusion that phylogenetic placement cannot predict strain-level differences and further highlight the need for culture-based experiments to supplement culture-independent studies.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01115.x","usgsCitation":"Galkiewicz, J.P., Pratte, Z., Gray, M.A., and Kellogg, C.A., 2011, Characterization of culturable bacteria isolated from the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 77, no. 2, p. 333-346, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01115.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"346","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474939,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01115.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.648681640625,\n              29.373798251985612\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.40560913085938,\n              29.373798251985612\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.40560913085938,\n              29.604506272365295\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.648681640625,\n              29.604506272365295\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.648681640625,\n              29.373798251985612\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"77","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4da6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galkiewicz, Julia P.","contributorId":61944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galkiewicz","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratte, Zoe A.","contributorId":92789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratte","given":"Zoe A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, Michael A. 0000-0002-3856-5037 mgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3856-5037","contributorId":3532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Michael","email":"mgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kellogg, Christina A. 0000-0002-6492-9455 ckellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-9455","contributorId":391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Christina","email":"ckellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70004940,"text":"70004940 - 2011 - Hydrologic and geomorphic considerations in restoration of river-floodplain connectivity in a highly altered river system, Lower Missouri River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T15:50:29","indexId":"70004940","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and geomorphic considerations in restoration of river-floodplain connectivity in a highly altered river system, Lower Missouri River, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Planning for restoration of river-floodplain systems requires understanding how often and how much of a floodplain may be inundated, and how likely the floodplain is to retain the water once flooded. These factors depend fundamentally on hydrology and geomorphology of the channel and floodplain. We discuss application of an index of river-floodplain connectivity, the Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI), to regional-scale restoration planning along 600&nbsp;km of the Lower Missouri River. The LCPI integrates modeled water-surface elevations, floodplain topography, and soils to index relative wetness of floodplain patches. Geomorphic adjustment of the Lower Missouri River to impoundment and channel engineering has altered the natural relations among hydrology, geomorphology, and floodplain soils, and has resulted in a regional upstream to downstream gradient in connectivity potential. As a result, flow-regime management is limited in its capacity to restore floodplain ecosystems. The LCPI provides a tool for identifying and mapping floodplain restoration potential, accounting for the geomorphic adjustment. Using simple criteria, we illustrate the utility of LCPI-like approaches in regional planning for restoration of plains cottonwood (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Populus deltoides</i><span>) communities, hydrologically connected floodplain wetlands, and seasonal floodplain wetlands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11273-011-9217-3","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Janke, T.P., and Skold, J.J., 2011, Hydrologic and geomorphic considerations in restoration of river-floodplain connectivity in a highly altered river system, Lower Missouri River, USA: Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 19, no. 4, p. 295-316, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-011-9217-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"316","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lower Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.57812499999999,\n              46.92025531537451\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.69921875,\n              44.465151013519616\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.734375,\n              43.77109381775651\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.734375,\n              41.50857729743935\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.69140625,\n              37.92686760148135\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.439453125,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.736328125,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9453125,\n              39.095962936305476\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.515625,\n              44.276671273775186\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.701171875,\n              46.01222384063236\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.57812499999999,\n              46.92025531537451\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b3c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janke, Tyler P.","contributorId":49095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janke","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skold, Jason J.","contributorId":102996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skold","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005091,"text":"70005091 - 2011 - A whole ecosystem approach to studying climate change in interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T13:57:00","indexId":"70005091","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A whole ecosystem approach to studying climate change in interior Alaska","docAbstract":"Yukon River Basin Principal Investigators Workshop; Portland, Oregon, 18-20 January 2011; High latitudes are known to be particularly susceptible to climate warming, leading to an emphasis of field and modeling research on arctic regions. Subarctic and boreal regions such as the Yukon River Basin (YRB) of interior Alaska and western Canada are less well studied, although they encompass large areas that are vulnerable to changes in forest composition, permafrost distribution, and hydrology. There is an urgent need to understand the resiliency and vulnerability of these complex ecosystems as well as their feedbacks to the global climate system. Consequently, U.S. Geological Survey scientists, with other federal agency, university, and private industry partners, is focusing subarctic interdisciplinary studies on the Beaver Creek Wild and Scenic River watershed (http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/content/ak/en/prog/nlcs/beavercrk_nwsr.html) and Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge (http://yukonflats.fws.gov/) in the YRB, south and west of Fort Yukon, Alaska. These areas are national treasures of wetlands, lakes, and uplands that support large populations of wildlife and waterfowl and are home to vibrant native Alaskan communities that depend on the area for a subsistence lifestyle.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011EO180010","usgsCitation":"Riggins, S., Striegl, R.G., and McHale, M., 2011, A whole ecosystem approach to studying climate change in interior Alaska: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 18, p. 155-155, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO180010.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011eo180010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"92","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riggins, Susan","contributorId":78200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggins","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHale, Michael","contributorId":32406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005099,"text":"sir20115109 - 2011 - Estimated suspended-sediment loads and yields in the French and Brandywine Creek Basins, Chester County, Pennsylvania, water years 2008-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115109","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5109","title":"Estimated suspended-sediment loads and yields in the French and Brandywine Creek Basins, Chester County, Pennsylvania, water years 2008-09","docAbstract":"Turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at four stream stations--French Creek near Phoenixville, West Branch Brandywine Creek near Honey Brook, West Branch Brandywine Creek at Modena, and East Branch Brandywine Creek below Downingtown--in Chester County, Pa. Sedimentation and siltation is the leading cause of stream impairment in Chester County, and these data are critical for quantifying sediment transport. This study was conducted by the USGS in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority and the Chester County Health Department. Data from optical turbidity sensors deployed at the four stations were recorded at 15- or 30-minute intervals by a data logger and uploaded every 1 to 4 hours to the USGS database. Most of the suspended-sediment samples were collected using automated samplers. The use of optical sensors to continuously monitor turbidity provided an accurate estimate of sediment fluctuations without the collection and analysis costs associated with intensive sampling during storms. Turbidity was used as a surrogate for suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), which is a measure of sedimentation and siltation. Regression models were developed between SSC and turbidity for each of the monitoring stations using SSC data collected from the automated samplers and turbidity data collected at each station. Instantaneous suspended-sediment loads (SSL) were computed from time-series turbidity and discharge data for the 2008 and 2009 water years using the regression equations. The instantaneous computations of SSL were summed to provide daily, storm, and water year annual loads. The annual SSL contributed from each basin was divided by the upstream drainage area to estimate the annual sediment yield. For all four basins, storms provided more than 96 percent of the annual SSL. In each basin, four storms generally provided over half the annual SSL each water year. Stormflows with the highest peak discharges generally carried the highest SSLs. For all stations, the greatest SSLs occurred during the late winter in February and March during the 2008 water year. During the 2009 water year, the greatest SSLs occurred during December and August. For French Creek near Phoenixville, the estimated annual SSL was 3,500 tons, and the estimated yield was 59.1 tons per square mile (ton/mi<sup>2</sup>) for the 2008 water year. For the 2009 water year, the annual SSL was 4,390 tons, and the yield was 74.3 ton/mi<sup>2</sup>. For West Branch Brandywine Creek near Honey Brook, the estimated annual SSL was 4,580 tons, and the estimated yield was 245 ton/mi<sup>2</sup> for the 2008 water year. For the 2009 water year, the annual SSL was 2,300 tons, and the yield was 123 ton/mi<sup>2</sup>. For West Branch Brandywine Creek at Modena, the estimated annual SSL was 7,480 tons, and the estimated yield was 136 ton/mi<sup>2</sup> for the 2008 water year. For the 2009 water year, the annual SSL was 4,930 tons, and the yield was 90 ton/mi<sup>2</sup>. For East Branch Brandywine Creek below Downingtown, the estimated annual SSL was 8,900 tons, and the estimated yield was 100 ton/mi<sup>2</sup> for the 2008 water year. For the 2009 water year, the annual SSL was 7,590 tons, and the yield was 84 ton/mi<sup>2</sup>.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115109","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., and Olson, L.E., 2011, Estimated suspended-sediment loads and yields in the French and Brandywine Creek Basins, Chester County, Pennsylvania, water years 2008-09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5109, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115109.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5109.jpg"},{"id":24539,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area ConicProjection","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.05,39.666666666666664 ], [ -76.05,40.3 ], [ -75.41666666666667,40.3 ], [ -75.41666666666667,39.666666666666664 ], [ -76.05,39.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fccb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, Leif E. leolson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Leif","email":"leolson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005101,"text":"fs20113090 - 2011 - Occurrence, distribution, and concentrations of selected contaminants in streambed- and suspended-sediment samples collected in Bexar County, Texas, 2007-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:28:03","indexId":"fs20113090","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3090","title":"Occurrence, distribution, and concentrations of selected contaminants in streambed- and suspended-sediment samples collected in Bexar County, Texas, 2007-09","docAbstract":"<p>High concentrations of sediment-associated contaminants are typically associated with urban areas such as San Antonio, Texas, in Bexar County, the seventh most populous city in the United States. U.S. Geological Survey personnel periodically collected surficial streambed-sediment samples during 2007-09 and collected suspended-sediment samples from selected streams after storms during 2008 and 2009. All sediment samples were analyzed for major and trace elements, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113090","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J.T., 2011, Occurrence, distribution, and concentrations of selected contaminants in streambed- and suspended-sediment samples collected in Bexar County, Texas, 2007-09: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3090, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113090.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3090.gif"},{"id":24540,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bexar","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.58333333333333,29.166666666666668 ], [ -99.58333333333333,30 ], [ -98.16666666666667,30 ], [ -98.16666666666667,29.166666666666668 ], [ -99.58333333333333,29.166666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db6920c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Jennifer T. 0000-0003-4481-6354 jenwilso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-6354","contributorId":1782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"jenwilso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005117,"text":"sir20115093 - 2011 - Simulation of streamflow, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge in the Lower Frio River watershed, south Texas, 1961-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:27:35","indexId":"sir20115093","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5093","title":"Simulation of streamflow, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge in the Lower Frio River watershed, south Texas, 1961-2008","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District; the City of Corpus Christi; the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority; the San Antonio River Authority; and the San Antonio Water System, configured, calibrated, and tested a watershed model for a study area consisting of about 5,490 mi<sup>2</sup> of the Frio River watershed in south Texas. The purpose of the model is to contribute to the understanding of watershed processes and hydrologic conditions in the lower Frio River watershed. The model simulates streamflow, evapotranspiration (ET), and groundwater recharge by using a numerical representation of physical characteristics of the landscape, and meteorological and streamflow data. Additional time-series inputs to the model include wastewater-treatment-plant discharges, surface-water withdrawals, and estimated groundwater inflow from Leona Springs. Model simulations of streamflow, ET, and groundwater recharge were done for various periods of record depending upon available measured data for input and comparison, starting as early as 1961. Because of the large size of the study area, the lower Frio River watershed was divided into 12 subwatersheds; separate Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN models were developed for each subwatershed. Simulation of the overall study area involved running simulations in downstream order. Output from the model was summarized by subwatershed, point locations, reservoir reaches, and the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer outcrop. Four long-term U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations and two short-term streamflow-gaging stations were used for streamflow model calibration and testing with data from 1991-2008. Calibration was based on data from 2000-08, and testing was based on data from 1991-99. Choke Canyon Reservoir stage data from 1992-2008 and monthly evaporation estimates from 1999-2008 also were used for model calibration. Additionally, 2006-08 ET data from a U.S. Geological Survey meteorological station in Medina County were used for calibration. Streamflow and ET calibration were considered good or very good. For the 2000-08 calibration period, total simulated flow volume and the flow volume of the highest 10 percent of simulated daily flows were calibrated to within about 10 percent of measured volumes at six U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations. The flow volume of the lowest 50 percent of daily flows was not simulated as accurately but represented a small percent of the total flow volume. The model-fit efficiency for the weekly mean streamflow during the calibration periods ranged from 0.60 to 0.91, and the root mean square error ranged from 16 to 271 percent of the mean flow rate. The simulated total flow volumes during the testing periods at the long-term gaging stations exceeded the measured total flow volumes by approximately 22 to 50 percent at three stations and were within 7 percent of the measured total flow volumes at one station. For the longer 1961-2008 simulation period at the long-term stations, simulated total flow volumes were within about 3 to 18 percent of measured total flow volumes. The calibrations made by using Choke Canyon reservoir volume for 1992-2008, reservoir evaporation for 1999-2008, and ET in Medina County for 2006-08, are considered very good. Model limitations include possible errors related to model conceptualization and parameter variability, lack of data to better quantify certain model inputs, and measurement errors. Uncertainty regarding the degree to which available rainfall data represent actual rainfall is potentially the most serious source of measurement error. A sensitivity analysis was performed for the Upper San Miguel subwatershed model to show the effect of changes to model parameters on the estimated mean recharge, ET, and surface runoff from that part of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer outcrop. Simulated recharge was most sensitive to the changes in the lower-zone ET (LZ</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115093","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District; City of Corpus Christi; Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority; San Antonio River Authority; and San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Lizarraga, J.S., and Ockerman, D.J., 2011, Simulation of streamflow, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge in the Lower Frio River watershed, south Texas, 1961-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5093, vi, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115093.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5093.gif"},{"id":24555,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.23999023437499,\n              27.9361805667694\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.27294921875,\n              28.700224692776988\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.470703125,\n              29.783449456820605\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.646484375,\n              30.420256142845158\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.316650390625,\n              30.685163937659564\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.052734375,\n              31.034108344903512\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.26123046875,\n              31.39115752282472\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.8544921875,\n              31.25037814985571\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.348876953125,\n              30.817346256492073\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.40380859375,\n              29.754839972510933\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.8544921875,\n              29.23847708592805\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.1845703125,\n              28.304380682962783\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.61352539062499,\n              27.907058371121995\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.23999023437499,\n              27.9361805667694\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f20b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lizarraga, Joy S.","contributorId":43735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lizarraga","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005079,"text":"ofr20101295 - 2011 - Seismic calibration shots conducted in 2009 in the Imperial Valley, southern California, for the Salton Seismic Imaging Project (SSIP)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20101295","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1295","title":"Seismic calibration shots conducted in 2009 in the Imperial Valley, southern California, for the Salton Seismic Imaging Project (SSIP)","docAbstract":"Rupture of the southern section of the San Andreas Fault, from the Coachella Valley to the Mojave Desert, is believed to be the greatest natural hazard facing California in the near future. With an estimated magnitude between 7.2 and 8.1, such an event would result in violent shaking, loss of life, and disruption of lifelines (freeways, aqueducts, power, petroleum, and communication lines) that would bring much of southern California to a standstill. As part of the Nation's efforts to prevent a catastrophe of this magnitude, a number of projects are underway to increase our knowledge of Earth processes in the area and to mitigate the effects of such an event. \r\n\r\n  One such project is the Salton Seismic Imaging Project (SSIP), which is a collaborative venture between the United States Geological Survey (USGS), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech). This project will generate and record seismic waves that travel through the crust and upper mantle of the Salton Trough. With these data, we will construct seismic images of the subsurface, both reflection and tomographic images. These images will contribute to the earthquake-hazard assessment in southern California by helping to constrain fault locations, sedimentary basin thickness and geometry, and sedimentary seismic velocity distributions. Data acquisition is currently scheduled for winter and spring of 2011. \r\n\r\n  The design and goals of SSIP resemble those of the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE) of the 1990's. LARSE focused on examining the San Andreas Fault system and associated thrust-fault systems of the Transverse Ranges. LARSE was successful in constraining the geometry of the San Andreas Fault at depth and in relating this geometry to mid-crustal, flower-structure-like decollements in the Transverse Ranges that splay upward into the network of hazardous thrust faults that caused the 1971 M 6.7 San Fernando and 1987 M 5.9 Whittier Narrows earthquakes. The project also succeeded in determining the depths and seismic-velocity distributions of several sedimentary basins, including the Los Angeles Basin, San Fernando Valley, and Antelope Valley. These results advanced our ability to understand and assess earthquake hazards in the Los Angeles region. \r\n\r\n  In order to facilitate permitting and planning for the data collection phase of SSIP, in June of 2009 we set off calibration shots and recorded the seismic data with a variety of instruments at varying distances. We also exposed sections of buried clay drainage pipe near the shot points to determine the effect of seismic energy on the pipes. Clay drainage pipes are used by the irrigation districts in both the Coachella and Imperial Valleys to prevent ponding and remove salts and irrigation water. This report chronicles the calibration project. We present new near-source velocity data that are used to test the regression curves that were determined for the LARSE project. These curves are used to create setback tables to determine explosive charge size and for placement of shot points. We also found that our shots did not damage the irrigation pipes and that the ODEX drilling system did well in the clay rich soils of the Imperial Valley.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101295","usgsCitation":"Murphy, J., Goldman, M., Fuis, G., Rymer, M., Sickler, R., Miller, S., Butcher, L., Ricketts, J., Criley, C., Stock, J., Hole, J., and Chavez, G., 2011, Seismic calibration shots conducted in 2009 in the Imperial Valley, southern California, for the Salton Seismic Imaging Project (SSIP): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1295, iv, 17 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101295.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-06-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1295.gif"},{"id":24535,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1295/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault;Imperial Valley;Salton Trough","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.5,32 ], [ -116.5,34 ], [ -114.5,34 ], [ -114.5,32 ], [ -116.5,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673e16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Janice","contributorId":104202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Janice","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldman, Mark","contributorId":21637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuis, Gary","contributorId":26799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rymer, Michael","contributorId":103779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sickler, Robert","contributorId":89653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickler","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Summer","contributorId":17745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Summer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Butcher, Lesley","contributorId":50642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butcher","given":"Lesley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ricketts, Jason","contributorId":60362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricketts","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Criley, Coyn","contributorId":103780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criley","given":"Coyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stock, Joann","contributorId":72108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Joann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hole, John","contributorId":26417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hole","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Chavez, Greg","contributorId":20458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70005062,"text":"sir20115104 - 2011 - A method for estimating peak and time of peak streamflow from excess rainfall for 10- to 640-acre watersheds in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:28:39","indexId":"sir20115104","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5104","title":"A method for estimating peak and time of peak streamflow from excess rainfall for 10- to 640-acre watersheds in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area","docAbstract":"<p>Estimates of peak and time of peak streamflow for small watersheds (less than about 640 acres) in a suburban to urban, low-slope setting are needed for drainage design that is cost-effective and risk-mitigated. During 2007-10, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Harris County Flood Control District and the Texas Department of Transportation, developed a method to estimate peak and time of peak streamflow from excess rainfall for 10- to 640-acre watersheds in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area. To develop the method, 24 watersheds in the study area with drainage areas less than about 3.5 square miles (2,240 acres) and with concomitant rainfall and runoff data were selected. The method is based on conjunctive analysis of rainfall and runoff data in the context of the unit hydrograph method and the rational method. For the unit hydrograph analysis, a gamma distribution model of unit hydrograph shape (a gamma unit hydrograph) was chosen and parameters estimated through matching of modeled peak and time of peak streamflow to observed values on a storm-by-storm basis. Watershed mean or watershed-specific values of peak and time to peak (\"time to peak\" is a parameter of the gamma unit hydrograph and is distinct from \"time of peak\") of the gamma unit hydrograph were computed. Two regression equations to estimate peak and time to peak of the gamma unit hydrograph that are based on watershed characteristics of drainage area and basin-development factor (BDF) were developed. For the rational method analysis, a lag time (time-R), volumetric runoff coefficient, and runoff coefficient were computed on a storm-by-storm basis. Watershed-specific values of these three metrics were computed. A regression equation to estimate time-R based on drainage area and BDF was developed. Overall arithmetic means of volumetric runoff coefficient (0.41 dimensionless) and runoff coefficient (0.25 dimensionless) for the 24 watersheds were used to express the rational method in terms of excess rainfall (the excess rational method). Both the unit hydrograph method and excess rational method are shown to provide similar estimates of peak and time of peak streamflow. The results from the two methods can be combined by using arithmetic means. A nomograph is provided that shows the respective relations between the arithmetic-mean peak and time of peak streamflow to drainage areas ranging from 10 to 640 acres. The nomograph also shows the respective relations for selected BDF ranging from undeveloped to fully developed conditions. The nomograph represents the peak streamflow for 1 inch of excess rainfall based on drainage area and BDF; the peak streamflow for design storms from the nomograph can be multiplied by the excess rainfall to estimate peak streamflow. Time of peak streamflow is readily obtained from the nomograph. Therefore, given excess rainfall values derived from watershed-loss models, which are beyond the scope of this report, the nomograph represents a method for estimating peak and time of peak streamflow for applicable watersheds in the Houston metropolitan area. Lastly, analysis of the relative influence of BDF on peak streamflow is provided, and the results indicate a 0:04log<sub>10</sub> cubic feet per second change of peak streamflow per positive unit of change in BDF. This relative change can be used to adjust peak streamflow from the method or other hydrologic methods for a given BDF to other BDF values; example computations are provided.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Harris County Flood Control District and the Texas Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., Cleveland, T., and Roussel, M.C., 2011, A method for estimating peak and time of peak streamflow from excess rainfall for 10- to 640-acre watersheds in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5104, vi, 31 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115104.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5104.gif"},{"id":24530,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.75,29.5 ], [ -95.75,30.25 ], [ -95,30.25 ], [ -95,29.5 ], [ -95.75,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae101","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cleveland, Theodore G.","contributorId":88029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Theodore G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roussel, Meghan C. mroussel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roussel","given":"Meghan","email":"mroussel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005047,"text":"sir20115126 - 2011 - Summary of the Georgia Agricultural Water Conservation and Metering Program and evaluation of methods used to collect and analyze irrigation data in the middle and lower Chattahoochee and Flint River basins, 2004-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:21:19","indexId":"sir20115126","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5126","title":"Summary of the Georgia Agricultural Water Conservation and Metering Program and evaluation of methods used to collect and analyze irrigation data in the middle and lower Chattahoochee and Flint River basins, 2004-2010","docAbstract":"Since receiving jurisdiction from the State Legislature in June 2003 to implement the Georgia Agricultural Water Conservation and Metering Program, the Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission (Commission) by year-end 2010 installed more than 10,000 annually read water meters and nearly 200 daily reporting, satellite-transmitted, telemetry sites on irrigation systems located primarily in southern Georgia. More than 3,000 annually reported meters and 50 telemetry sites were installed during 2010 alone. The Commission monitored rates and volumes of agricultural irrigation supplied by groundwater, surface-water, and well-to-pond sources to inform water managers on the patterns and amounts of such water use and to determine effective and efficient resource utilization.\r\n\r\n  Summary analyses of 4 complete years of irrigation data collected from annually read water meters in the middle and lower Chattahoochee and Flint River basins during 2007-2010 indicated that groundwater-supplied fields received slightly more irrigation depth per acre than surface-water-supplied fields. Year 2007 yielded the largest disparity between irrigation depth supplied by groundwater and surface-water sources as farmers responded to severe-to-exceptional drought conditions with increased irrigation. Groundwater sources (wells and well-to-pond systems) outnumbered surface-water sources by a factor of five; each groundwater source applied a third more irrigation volume than surface water; and, total irrigation volume from groundwater exceeded that of surface water by a factor of 6.7. Metered irrigation volume indicated a pattern of low-to-high water use from northwest to southeast that could point to relations between agricultural water use, water-resource potential and availability, soil type, and crop patterns.\r\n\r\n  Normalizing metered irrigation-volume data by factoring out irrigated acres allowed irrigation water use to be expressed as an irrigation depth and nearly eliminated the disparity between volumes of applied irrigation derived from groundwater and surface water. Analysis of per-acre irrigation depths provided a commonality for comparing irrigation practices across the entire range of field sizes in southern Georgia and indicated underreporting of irrigated acres for some systems. Well-to-pond systems supplied irrigation at depths similar to groundwater and can be combined with groundwater irrigation data for subsequent analyses. Average irrigation depths during 2010 indicated an increase from average irrigation depths during 2008 and 2009, most likely the result of relatively dry conditions during 2010 compared to conditions in 2008 and 2009.\r\n\r\n  Geostatistical models facilitated estimation of irrigation water use for unmetered systems and demonstrated usefulness in redesigning the telemetry network. Geospatial analysis evaluated the ability of the telemetry network to represent annually reported water-meter data and presented an objective, unbiased method for revising the network.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115126","usgsCitation":"Torak, L.J., and Painter, J.A., 2011, Summary of the Georgia Agricultural Water Conservation and Metering Program and evaluation of methods used to collect and analyze irrigation data in the middle and lower Chattahoochee and Flint River basins, 2004-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5126, v, 25 p.: Dowload Packet: Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115126.","productDescription":"v, 25 p.: Dowload Packet: Tables","temporalStart":"2006-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5126.jpg"},{"id":24536,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River Basin, Flint River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86,30 ], [ -86,34 ], [ -80.75,34 ], [ -80.75,30 ], [ -86,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6986d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torak, Lynn J. ljtorak@usgs.gov","contributorId":401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torak","given":"Lynn","email":"ljtorak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}