Physiological responses to temperature extremes are considered strong drivers of species’ demographic responses to climate variability. Plants are typically classified as either avoiders or tolerators in their freezing‐resistance mechanism, but a gradient of physiological‐threshold freezing responses may exist among individuals of a species. Moreover, adaptive significance of physiological freezing responses is poorly characterized, particularly under warming conditions that relax selection on cold hardiness.
Freezing responses were measured in winter and again for new foliage in spring for 14 populations of Artemisia tridentata collected throughout its range and planted in a warm common garden. The relationships of the freezing responses to survival were evaluated in the warm garden and in two colder gardens.
Winter and spring freezing resistance were not correlated and appeared to be under differing selection regimes, as evident in correlations with different population climate of origin variables. All populations resisted considerably lower temperatures in winter than in spring, with populations from more continental climates showing narrower freezing safety margins (difference in temperatures at which ice‐nucleation occurs and 50% reduction in chlorophyll fluorescence occurs) in spring. Populations with greater winter freezing resistance had lower survivorship in the warmest garden, while populations with greater spring freezing resistance had lower survivorship in a colder garden.
These survivorship patterns relative to physiological thresholds suggest excess freezing resistance may incur a survival cost that likely relates to a trade‐off between carbon gain and freezing resistance during critical periods of moisture availability. This cost has implications for seed moved from cooler to warmer environments and for plants growing in warming environments.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.07.008","usgsCitation":", K., Gunawan, H., McCausland, W.A., Pallister, J.S., Iguchi, M., and Nakada, S., 2019, The eruptions of Sinabung and Kelud Volcanoes, Indonesia: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 382, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.07.008.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","ipdsId":"IP-096142","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","otherGeospatial":"Kelud Volcano, Sinabung Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 116.98242187499999,\n -8.754794702435618\n ],\n [\n 113.203125,\n -6.839169626342808\n ],\n [\n 108.369140625,\n -5.878332109674314\n ],\n [\n 104.0625,\n -0.3515602939922709\n ],\n [\n 97.55859375,\n 5.61598581915534\n ],\n [\n 95.361328125,\n 5.61598581915534\n ],\n [\n 96.416015625,\n 2.8991526985043135\n ],\n [\n 100.546875,\n -2.3723687086440504\n ],\n [\n 104.32617187499999,\n -6.664607562172573\n ],\n [\n 112.5,\n -9.44906182688142\n ],\n [\n 116.98242187499999,\n -8.754794702435618\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"382","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":" Kasbani","contributorId":243215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"given":"Kasbani","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48663,"text":"Indonesia CVGHM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunawan, Hendra","contributorId":194977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunawan","given":"Hendra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCausland, Wendy A. 0000-0002-8683-1440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-1440","contributorId":204380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCausland","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Iguchi, Masato","contributorId":219556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iguchi","given":"Masato","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37321,"text":"University of Kyoto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nakada, Setsuya","contributorId":243216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nakada","given":"Setsuya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7267,"text":"University of Tokyo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70205287,"text":"70205287 - 2019 - Coexisting discrete bodies of rhyolite and punctuated volcanism characterize Yellowstone's post‐Lava Creek Tuff caldera evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-09T10:03:02","indexId":"70205287","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-11T10:09:39","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coexisting discrete bodies of rhyolite and punctuated volcanism characterize Yellowstone's post‐Lava Creek Tuff caldera evolution","docAbstract":"Ion‐microprobe 206Pb/238U geochronology and trace element geochemistry of the unpolished rims and sectioned interiors of zircons from Yellowstone caldera's oldest post‐caldera lavas provide insight into the magmatic system during the prelude and aftermath of the caldera‐forming Lava Creek supereruption. The post‐caldera lavas compose the Upper Basin Member of the Plateau Rhyolite and fall into two groups based on zircon crystallization age: early lavas with zircon ages between ~750 and 550 ka and late lavas with zircon ages between ~350 and 250 ka. Zircons from the early‐erupted East Biscuit Basin flow yield U‐Pb dates and trace element compositions, which when considered with the Pb isotopic compositions of their coexisting feldspars and pyroxenes, point to an isotopically distinct parental melt present during crystallization of the Lava Creek magma but untapped by the supereruption. Distinct zircon crystallization ages and Pb‐isotope compositions of major minerals between the early and late Upper Basin Member groups suggest contrasting sources in the magma reservoir. As proxies for melt evolution, the zircons indicate that Yellowstone's post‐caldera rhyolites became more evolved between mid‐ to late‐Pleistocene time, during the same interval that melting of hydrothermally altered wall rock and recharge by new silicic magmas changed in their relative roles. The results from this study indicate that discrete and ephemeral bodies of silicic magma, at times within a mush dominated reservoir and including during the prelude to the Lava Creek eruption, have characterized Yellowstone's subvolcanic reservoir.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019GC008321","usgsCitation":"Till, C.B., Vazquez, J.A., Stelten, M.E., Shamloo, H.I., and Shaffer, J.S., 2019, Coexisting discrete bodies of rhyolite and punctuated volcanism characterize Yellowstone's post‐Lava Creek Tuff caldera evolution: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 20, no. 8, p. 3861-3881, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008321.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"3861","endPage":"3881","ipdsId":"IP-106517","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gc008321","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367384,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.95367431640624,\n 44.42789587633427\n ],\n [\n -110.27526855468749,\n 44.42789587633427\n ],\n [\n -110.27526855468749,\n 44.735027899515465\n ],\n [\n -110.95367431640624,\n 44.735027899515465\n ],\n [\n -110.95367431640624,\n 44.42789587633427\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Till, Christy B","contributorId":218941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Till","given":"Christy","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vazquez, Jorge A. 0000-0003-2754-0456 jvazquez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-0456","contributorId":4458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"Jorge","email":"jvazquez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stelten, Mark E. 0000-0002-5294-3161 mstelten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5294-3161","contributorId":145923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelten","given":"Mark","email":"mstelten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shamloo, Hannah I","contributorId":218943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shamloo","given":"Hannah","email":"","middleInitial":"I","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shaffer, Jamie S","contributorId":218944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70204745,"text":"70204745 - 2019 - Effects of infiltration characteristics on the spatial-temporal evolution of stability of an interstate highway embankment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T10:10:23","indexId":"70204745","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-11T09:52:01","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of infiltration characteristics on the spatial-temporal evolution of stability of an interstate highway embankment","docAbstract":"Infiltration-induced landslides are among the most common natural disasters threatening modern civilization, but conventional methods for studying the triggering mechanisms and predicting the occurrence of these slides are limited by incomplete consideration of underlying physical processes and the lack of precision inherent in limit-equilibrium analyses. To address this problem the spatial-temporal evolution of failure is investigated in a seasonally unstable section of interstate highway embankment, known as the Straight Creek landslide, Colorado. The study includes multi-year site investigation, monitoring, and numerical simulation using a rigorous hydromechanical framework along with a field of local factor of safety method. The sensitivity of episodic landslide reactivation to infiltration characteristics is evaluated. Results indicate that annual cumulative snowmelt infiltration, which typically accounts for approximately 75% of total annual cumulative infiltration and occurs over a short period in the spring, has the most substantial impact on slide activation. The rate of snowmelt infiltration varies independently of annual cumulative snowmelt infiltration and cumulative infiltration in the previous year, but still affects antecedent soil moisture conditions at the onset of snowmelt infiltration and therefore also the level of slide activation. These findings are used to establish specific thresholds for exacerbated slide movement using annual snowpack accumulation, forecasted snowmelt rate, and the previous year’s snowmelt, an approach which may be applied for predicting movement at this and other recurring or potential slide sites.","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002127","usgsCitation":"Hinds, E., Lu, N., Mirus, B.B., and Wayllace, A., 2019, Effects of infiltration characteristics on the spatial-temporal evolution of stability of an interstate highway embankment: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 145, no. 9, 05019008, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002127.","productDescription":"05019008, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-102759","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Summit County","otherGeospatial":"Straight Creek Landslide","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.9666667,\n 39.67916667\n ],\n [\n -105.9666667,\n 39.67083333\n ],\n [\n -105.95833333,\n 39.67083333\n ],\n [\n -105.95833333,\n 39.67916667\n ],\n [\n -105.9666667,\n 39.67916667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"145","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinds, Eric","contributorId":218084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinds","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Ning","contributorId":191360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Ning","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12620,"text":"U.S. Army Corp. of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B. 0000-0001-5550-014X bbmirus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-014X","contributorId":4064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbmirus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wayllace, Alexandra","contributorId":203213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wayllace","given":"Alexandra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70228071,"text":"70228071 - 2019 - The dream and the reality: Meeting decision-making time frames while incorporating ecosystem and economic models into management strategy evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T15:08:46.766493","indexId":"70228071","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-11T08:58:07","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The dream and the reality: Meeting decision-making time frames while incorporating ecosystem and economic models into management strategy evaluation","docAbstract":"Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Northwest Atlantic have been managed with interim harvest control rules (HCRs). A stakeholder-driven management strategy evaluation (MSE) was conducted that incorporated a broad range of objectives. The MSE process was completed within 1 year. Constant catch, conditional constant catch, and a biomass-based (BB) HCR with a 15% restriction on the interannual change in the quota could achieve more stable yields than BB HCRs without such restrictions, but could not attain as high of yields and resulted in more negative outcomes for terns (Sterna hirundo; a predator of herring). A similar range of performance could be achieved by applying a BB HCR annually every 3 years or every 5 years. Predators (i.e., dogfish (Squalus acanthias), bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), and terns) were generally insensitive to the range of HCRs. While median net revenues were sensitive to some HCRs, time series analysis suggests that most HCRs produced a stable equilibrium of net revenue. To meet management needs, some aspects of the simulations were less than might be considered scientifically ideal, but using “models of intermediate complexity” were informative for managers and formed a foundation for future improvements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2018-0128","usgsCitation":"Deroba, J., Gaichas, S., Lee, M., Feeney, R.G., Boelke, D., and Irwin, B.J., 2019, The dream and the reality: Meeting decision-making time frames while incorporating ecosystem and economic models into management strategy evaluation: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 76, no. 7, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0128.","ipdsId":"IP-097206","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/52990","text":"External Repository"},{"id":395348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northwest Atlantic","volume":"76","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deroba, J.J.","contributorId":274471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deroba","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[{"id":38698,"text":"NOAA Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaichas, S.K.","contributorId":274472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaichas","given":"S.K.","affiliations":[{"id":38698,"text":"NOAA Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Min-Yang","contributorId":274376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Min-Yang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36612,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feeney, Rachael G.","contributorId":274373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feeney","given":"Rachael","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":40788,"text":"New England Fishery Management Council","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boelke, D.","contributorId":274473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boelke","given":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":56621,"text":"New England Fisheries Management Council","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Irwin, Brian J. 0000-0002-0666-2641 bjirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-2641","contributorId":4037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Brian","email":"bjirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70203516,"text":"ofr20191060 - 2019 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2016 through September 2017) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-12T08:24:31","indexId":"ofr20191060","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-11T08:14:55","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1060","displayTitle":"Water-Quality, Bed-Sediment, and Biological Data (October 2016 through September 2017) and Statistical Summaries of Data for Streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2016 through September 2017) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in selected streams from Butte to near Missoula, Montana, as part of a monitoring program in the Clark Fork Basin of western Montana. The sampling program was led by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork Basin and emphasize trace elements associated with historic mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were on the Clark Fork and selected tributaries. Water samples were collected periodically at 20 sites from October 2016 through September 2017. Bed-sediment and biota samples were collected once at 13 sites during August 2017.
This report presents the analytical results and quality-assurance data for water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected at sites from October 2016 through September 2017. Water-quality data include concentrations of selected major ions, dissolved organic carbon, turbidity, nitrogen (nitrate plus nitrite), trace elements, and suspended sediment. Seasonal daily values of turbidity were determined at four sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained (less than 0.063 millimeter) fraction. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Statistical summaries of water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data for sites in the Clark Fork Basin are provided for the period of record.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Cleasby, T.E., Hornberger, M.I., Heinert, T.L., and Turner, M.A., 2019, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2016 through September 2017) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1060, 110 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191060.","productDescription":"Report: v, 110 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"120","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-102556","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365345,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YX9400","text":"USGS data release ","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2016 through September 2017) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana"},{"id":365352,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1060/ofr20191060_v6.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1060"},{"id":365343,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1060/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -114.19189453125,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -113.22509765625,\n 46.263442671779885\n ],\n [\n -113.170166015625,\n 45.66780526567164\n ],\n [\n -112.269287109375,\n 45.62172169252446\n ],\n [\n -112.137451171875,\n 46.38483322349276\n ],\n [\n -112.576904296875,\n 47.21956811231547\n ],\n [\n -114.27978515625,\n 47.264320080254805\n ],\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 46.6795944656402\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Avenue
Helena, MT 59601
With the growth and expansion of human development, large mammals will increasingly encounter humans, elevating the likelihood of human-wildlife conflicts. Understanding the behavior and movement of large mammals, particularly around human development, is important for crafting effective conservation and management plans for these species.
We used GPS collar data from American black bears (Ursus americanus) to determine how seasonal food resources and human development affected bear movement patterns and resource use across the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
We found that though bears moved more and avoided human development during crepuscular and daylight hours than at night, bears preferentially moved through human dominated areas at night. This indicates bears were mitigating the risk of human development by altering their behavior to exploit these areas when human activity is low. This behavioral shift was most prominent in the spring, when natural foods are scarce, and fall, when energetic demands are high. We also observed a high degree of inter-individual variability among our sample of bears. Bears with a higher density of houses in their home ranges (~ 75 houses/km2) displayed less avoidance of human development than more rural bears. Furthermore, bear movement models had different explanatory variables, with preference or avoidance of a variable being dependent on the individual bear. To account for this individuality in our predictive surfaces, we projected the probability of movement for each season and time of day using a spatially weighted surface centered on each bear’s home range.
We found that black bears in Massachusetts are operating in a landscape of fear and are altering their movement patterns to use developed areas when human activity is low. We also found seasonal and diel differences among individual bears in resource selection during movement. Accounting for these individual, seasonal, and diel differences when assessing movement for large mammals is especially important if predictive surfaces are to be used in identifying areas for conservation and management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s40462-019-0166-4","usgsCitation":"Zeller, K., Wattles, D., Conlee, L., and DeStefano, S., 2019, Black bears alter movements in response to anthropogenic features with time of day and season: Movement Ecology, v. 7, 19, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-019-0166-4.","productDescription":"19, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-105931","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-019-0166-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeller, Katherine A.","contributorId":267698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zeller","given":"Katherine A.","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wattles, David","contributorId":255402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wattles","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":51525,"text":"Massachusetts Division of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conlee, Laura","contributorId":267742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conlee","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":2874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":825157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204226,"text":"70204226 - 2019 - Heat flow in the Western Arctic Ocean (Amerasian Basin)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-09T09:28:09","indexId":"70204226","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-10T15:19:59","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat flow in the Western Arctic Ocean (Amerasian Basin)","docAbstract":"From 1963 to 1973 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measured heat flow at 356 sites in the Amerasian Basin (Western Arctic Ocean) from a drifting ice island (T-3). The resulting measurements, which are unevenly distributed on Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge (AMR) and in Canada and Nautilus basins, greatly expand available heat flow data for the Arctic Ocean. Average T-3 heat flow is ~54.7 ± 11.3 mW m-2, and Nautilus Basin, including Mendeleev Plain, is the only well-surveyed area (~13% of data) with significantly higher average heat flow (63.8 mW m-2). Heat flow and bathymetry are not correlated at a large scale, and turbiditic surficial sediments (Canada and Nautilus basins) have higher heat flow than the sediments that blanket the AMR. Thermal gradients are mostly near-linear, implying that conductive heat transport dominates and that near-seafloor sediments are in thermal equilibrium with overlying bottom waters. Combining the heat flow data with modern seismic imagery suggests that some of the observed heat flow variability may be explained by local changes in sediment thickness or lithology or the presence of basement faults that channel circulating seawater. A thermal model that incorporates thermal conductivity variations along a profile from Canada Basin (thick sediment on mostly oceanic crust) to Alpha Ridge (thin sediment over thick magmatic units associated with the High Arctic Large Igneous Province) predicts heat flow lower than that observed on Alpha Ridge. This, along with other observations, implies that circulating fluids modulate conductive heat flow and contribute to high variability in the T-3 dataset. .","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2019JB017587","usgsCitation":"Ruppel, C.D., Lachenbruch, A., Hutchinson, D., Munroe, R., and Mosher, D., 2019, Heat flow in the Western Arctic Ocean (Amerasian Basin): Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 124, no. 8, p. 7562-7587, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB017587.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"7562","endPage":"7587","ipdsId":"IP-104584","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jb017587","text":"External Repository"},{"id":437392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91XQ3IS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Post-expedition report for USGS T-3 Ice Island heat flow measurements in the High Arctic Ocean, 1963-1973"},{"id":437391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97EPU2F","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Thermal Data and Navigation for T-3 (Fletcher's) Ice Island Arctic Ocean Heat Flow Studies, 1963-73 (ver. 1.1 December 2022)"},{"id":365525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":195778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":216905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39546,"text":"(retired) U.S.Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":174836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munroe, Robert","contributorId":216907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munroe","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":39548,"text":"(retired) U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mosher, David","contributorId":174895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70204329,"text":"70204329 - 2019 - A phylogenomic supertree of birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T14:39:38","indexId":"70204329","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-10T14:33:58","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1398,"text":"Diversity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A phylogenomic supertree of birds","docAbstract":"It has long been appreciated that analyses of genomic data (e.g., whole genome sequencing or sequence capture) have the potential to reveal the tree of life, but it remains challenging to move from sequence data to a clear understanding of evolutionary history, in part due to the computational challenges of phylogenetic estimation using genome-scale data. Supertree methods solve that challenge because they facilitate a divide-and-conquer approach for large-scale phylogeny inference by integrating smaller subtrees in a computationally-efficient manner. Here, we combined information from sequence capture and whole-genome phylogenies using supertree methods. However, available phylogenomic trees had limited overlap so we used taxon-rich (but not phylogenomic) megaphylogenies to weave them together. This allowed us to construct a phylogenomic supertree, with support values, that included 707 bird species (~7% of avian species diversity). We estimated branch lengths using mitochondrial sequence data and we used this to estimate divergence times. Our time-calibrated supertree supports radiation of all three major avian clades (Palaeognathae, Galloanseres, and Neoaves) near the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. The approach we used will permit the continued addition of taxa to this supertree as new phylogenomic data are published, and it could be applied to other taxa as well.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/d11070109","usgsCitation":"Kimball, R., Oliveros, C.H., Wang, N., White, N.D., Barker, F.K., Field, D.J., Ksepka, D.T., Chesser, T., Moyle, R.G., Braun, M., Brumfield, R., Faircloth, B.C., Tilston-Smith, B., and Braun, E.L., 2019, A phylogenomic supertree of birds: Diversity, v. 11, no. 7, https://doi.org/10.3390/d11070109.","productDescription":"109, 35 p.","startPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-109725","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d11070109","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":365683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, Rebecca T","contributorId":217200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"Rebecca T","affiliations":[{"id":38084,"text":"Univ. of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oliveros, Carl H","contributorId":215463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliveros","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":16154,"text":"LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Ning","contributorId":217201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Ning","affiliations":[{"id":25267,"text":"Univ. of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Noor D","contributorId":217202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Noor","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":36606,"text":"Smithsonian Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barker, F. Keith","contributorId":217203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":27811,"text":"Univ. of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Field, Daniel J","contributorId":215464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Field","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":39255,"text":"Univ. of Bath","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ksepka, Daniel T","contributorId":215465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ksepka","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":39256,"text":"Bruce Museum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chesser, Terry 0000-0003-4389-7092 tchesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":177781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"Terry","email":"tchesser@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moyle, Robert G","contributorId":217204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyle","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":39570,"text":"Univ. of Kansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Braun, Michael J","contributorId":215472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braun","given":"Michael J","affiliations":[{"id":36606,"text":"Smithsonian Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Brumfield, Robb T","contributorId":215474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brumfield","given":"Robb T","affiliations":[{"id":16154,"text":"LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Faircloth, Brant C","contributorId":217205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faircloth","given":"Brant","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":39571,"text":"Louisiana State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Tilston-Smith, Brian","contributorId":217234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tilston-Smith","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Braun, Edward L","contributorId":215471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braun","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":17943,"text":"Univ of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70204088,"text":"sim3414 - 2019 - Extent of the Last Glacial Maximum (Tioga) glaciation in Yosemite National Park and vicinity, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-12T09:49:14","indexId":"sim3414","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-10T12:07:41","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3414","displayTitle":"Extent of the Last Glacial Maximum (Tioga) Glaciation in Yosemite National Park and Vicinity, California","title":"Extent of the Last Glacial Maximum (Tioga) glaciation in Yosemite National Park and vicinity, California","docAbstract":"Yosemite National Park, located in the central Sierra Nevada in California, is an icon of the U.S. National Park system. It is famous for its many spectacular geologic features, which include the towering cliffs and hanging waterfalls of Yosemite Valley and the rounded granite domes, deep blue lakes, and jagged peaks and spires of the high country. More subtle but just as spectacular are the vast areas of polished granite, linear scratches, and isolated boulders scattered across the landscape. All of these features owe their origin, at least in part, to glaciers. Glaciers originating at the crest of the Sierra Nevada flowed down preexisting river canyons numerous times throughout the Quaternary Period (the past 2.6 million years). Although the field evidence for past glaciations is necessarily incomplete, at least seven distinct glacial periods have been identified in the Sierra Nevada, spanning a minimum of 1.5 million years.
This map shows the extent of alpine icefields and associated valley glaciers in Yosemite National Park and vicinity during the most recent large glaciation, known as the Last Glacial Maximum, a globally recognized cold period characterized by low sea levels and the growth of ice sheets and mountain glaciers. In the Sierra Nevada, the Last Glacial Maximum glaciation is referred to as the Tioga glaciation. By virtue of being the most recent of the large Pleistocene glaciations, the evidence for the Tioga glaciation is abundant and relatively well preserved in the Yosemite landscape. The Tioga glaciation likely involved at least two, and perhaps as many as four, major glacial advances spanning the interval from approximately 27,000 to 15,000 years ago; the largest of these, representing the maximum ice extent shown on the map, occurred from approximately 21,000 to 18,000 years ago. Although it is possible that the various Tioga-age glaciers in the study area attained their maximum extents at slightly different times during the Last Glacial Maximum, for the purposes of this map we assume that they reached their maximum extents simultaneously. The maximum ice extent shown here may have occupied certain areas only briefly.
During the maximum extent of the Tioga glaciation, glaciers and ice fields covered most areas in and around Yosemite National Park above 2,700 meters elevation, having a profound impact on the Yosemite landscape. In addition to sculpting most of the granite monoliths for which the park is famous, glaciation also dictated the distribution of many geological, hydrological, and ecological features. Thus, the lasting effects of Tioga glaciation are still readily observable in Yosemite National Park today.
Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Mail Stop 973
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) were imported to the U.S. in the 1970s to control snails in aquaculture ponds and have since escaped from captivity. The increase in captures of wild fish has raised concerns of risk to native and imperiled unionid mussels given previous literature classified this species a molluscivore. We acquired black carp from commercial fishers and biologists, and examined digestive contents of 109 fish captured over 8 y from lentic and lotic habitats in the central and southern U.S.A. Digestive tract contents were preserved, and diet items inventoried. We identified 59 aquatic animal taxa (21 mollusks, 27 insects, and 11 other invertebrates) and various plant material including nuts and seeds; no fish were found. Approximately 45% of stomachs examined were empty or only contained flukes (Trematoda) that had infected mollusks before they were ingested. Nonempty stomachs contained snails (16.5%), bivalve mussels (22.8%), and insect larvae (net-spinning caddisflies, 15.6%; burrowing mayflies, 6.4%; and midges, 13.7%). Fish also consumed freshwater sponges (Porifera), moss animals (Bryozoa), crustaceans (Ostracoda and Decapoda), water mites (Acarina), and three worm phyla (Nematoda, Nemertea, Annelida). Seven taxa of unionid mussels were identified from shell fragments among the fish we examined, all of which are found in habitats with soft mud or sand/silt substrates. Diet of fish captured in lentic environments contained significantly higher richness than those captured in lotic environments. Individual black carp often contained large numbers of only one or two diet items that were assumed locally abundant and did not always crush the shells of mollusks. Most fish we examined consumed benthic prey, which supports the classification of black carp as a benthic foraging species. However, the presence of other aquatic taxa associated with pelagic or subsurface zones suggests black carp are opportunistic in their consumption of diet items and flexible in their feeding modes.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-182.1.89","usgsCitation":"Poulton, B.C., Kroboth, P., Aiken, G., Chapman, D., Bailey, J., McMurray, S.E., and Faiman, J.S., 2019, First examination of diet items consumed by wild-caught black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) in the U.S.: The American Midland Naturalist, v. 182, no. 1, p. 89-108, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-182.1.89.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"108","ipdsId":"IP-102117","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K88CWF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Diet items consumed by wild-caught black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) in the U.S."},{"id":365576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":365572,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-182.1.89"}],"volume":"182","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poulton, Barry C. 0000-0002-7219-4911 bpoulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-4911","contributorId":2421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"Barry","email":"bpoulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kroboth, Patrick 0000-0002-9447-4818","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-4818","contributorId":216578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroboth","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, George","contributorId":209051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":766182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapman, Duane 0000-0002-1086-8853 dchapman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-8853","contributorId":1291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Duane","email":"dchapman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bailey, J.","contributorId":11981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McMurray, Stephen E.","contributorId":206918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMurray","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Faiman, John S.","contributorId":216897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faiman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70223404,"text":"70223404 - 2019 - Status of the Topeka shiner in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T14:44:45.634999","indexId":"70223404","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-10T09:43:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of the Topeka shiner in Iowa","docAbstract":"The Topeka shiner Notropis topeka is native to Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, and South Dakota and has been federally listed as endangered since 1998. Our goals were to determine the present distribution and qualitative status of Topeka shiners throughout its current range in Iowa and characterize the extent of decline in relation to its historic distribution. We compared the current (2016–2017) distribution to distributions portrayed in three earlier time periods. In 2016–2017 Topeka shiners were found in 12 of 20 HUC10 watersheds where they occurred historically. Their status was classified as stable in 21% of the HUC10 watersheds, possibly stable in 25%, possibly recovering in 8%, at risk in 33%, and possibly extirpated in 13% of the watersheds. The increasing trend in percent decline evident in earlier time periods reversed, going from 68% in 2010–11 to 40% in the most recent surveys. Following decades of decline, the status of Topeka shiners in Iowa appears to be improving. One potential reason for the reversal in the distributional decline of Topeka shiners in Iowa is the increasing number of oxbow restorations. Until a standardized monitoring program is established for Iowa, periodic status assessments such as this will be necessary to chronicle progress toward conserving this endangered fish species.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-182.1.109","usgsCitation":"Pierce, C., Simpson, N., Bybel, A., Zambory, C.L., Weber, M., and Roe, K., 2019, Status of the Topeka shiner in Iowa: American Midland Naturalist, v. 182, no. 1, p. 109-117, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-182.1.109.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"117","ipdsId":"IP-102806","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1326&context=nrem_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":388541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70223855,"text":"70223855 - 2019 - Climate, environment, and disturbance history govern resilience of western North American Forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T14:04:18.047259","indexId":"70223855","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-10T08:49:58","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3910,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","onlineIssn":"2296-701X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate, environment, and disturbance history govern resilience of western North American Forests","docAbstract":"Before the advent of intensive forest management and fire suppression, western North American forests exhibited a naturally occurring resistance and resilience to wildfires and other disturbances. Resilience, which encompasses resistance, reflects the amount of disruption an ecosystem can withstand before its structure or organization qualitatively shift to a different basin of attraction. In fire-maintained forests, resilience to disturbance events arose primarily from vegetation pattern-disturbance process interactions at several levels of organization. Using evidence from 15 ecoregions, spanning forests from Canada to Mexico, we review the properties of forests that reinforced qualities of resilience and resistance. We show examples of multi-level landscape resilience, of feedbacks within and among levels, and how conditions have changed under climatic and management influences. We highlight geographic similarities and important differences in the structure and organization of historical landscapes, their forest types, and in the conditions that have changed resilience and resistance to abrupt or large-scale disruptions. We discuss the role of the regional climate in episodically or abruptly reorganizing plant and animal biogeography and forest resilience and resistance to disturbances. We give clear examples of these changes and suggest that managing for resilient forests is a construct that strongly depends on scale and human social values. It involves human communities actively working with the ecosystems they depend on, and the processes that shape them, to adapt landscapes, species, and human communities to climate change while maintaining core ecosystem processes and services. Finally, it compels us to embrace management approaches that incorporate ongoing disturbances and anticipated effects of climatic changes, and to support dynamically shifting patchworks of forest and non-forest. Doing so could make these shifting forest conditions and wildfire regimes less disruptive to individuals and society.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2019.00239","usgsCitation":"Hessburg, P.F., Miller, C., Parks, S.A., Povak, N., Taylor, A.H., Higuera, P., Prichard, S., North, M.P., Collins, B.M., Hurteau, M., Larson, A.J., Allen, C.D., Stephens, S.L., Rivera-Huerta, H., Stevens-Rumann, C., Daniels, L.D., Gedalof, Z., Gray, R.W., Kane, V., Churchill, D., Hagmann, R.K., Spies, T.A., Cansler, C.A., Belote, R.T., Veblen, T.T., Battaglia, M.A., Hoffman, C., Skinner, C.N., Safford, H.D., and Salter, R.B., 2019, Climate, environment, and disturbance history govern resilience of western North American Forests: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, v. 7, 239, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00239.","productDescription":"239, 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108577","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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Litter can account for a substantial portion of carbon and nutrient pools in these systems, with litter decomposition exerting important controls over biogeochemical cycling. Dryland decomposition is typically treated as a spatially static process in which litter is retained and decomposed where it is initially deposited. Although this assumption is reasonable for mesic systems with continuous plant canopy cover and a stable subcanopy litter layer, dryland pools generally reflect discontinuous inputs from heterogeneous canopy cover followed by substantial litter transport. In the present article, we review horizontal and vertical transport processes that move litter from the initial deposition point and retention elements that influence litter accumulation patterns. Appreciation of the spatially dynamic litter cycle, including quantitative assessment of transport patterns, will improve estimates of the fate and distribution of organic matter in current and future drylands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biz061","usgsCitation":"Throop, H.L., and Belnap, J., 2019, Connectivity dynamics in dryland litter cycles: Moving decomposition beyond spatial stasis: BioScience, v. 69, no. 8, p. 602-614, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz061.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"602","endPage":"614","ipdsId":"IP-108107","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz061","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Throop, Heather L. 0000-0002-7963-4342","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7963-4342","contributorId":139051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Throop","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12633,"text":"Biology Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216032,"text":"70216032 - 2019 - Nest structure affects auditory and visual detectability, but not predation risk, in a tropical songbird community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T00:44:04.554247","indexId":"70216032","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-09T18:36:51","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest structure affects auditory and visual detectability, but not predation risk, in a tropical songbird community","docAbstract":"Both the abundance of greater prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) and the area of grassland enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in northwestern Minnesota, USA, have recently declined. Although wildlife conservation is a stated objective of the CRP, the impact of the CRP on greater prairie-chicken populations has not been quantified. To address that information need, we evaluated the association between greater-prairie chicken lek density (leks/km2), the number of males at leks (males/lek), and CRP enrollments in the context of landscape structure and composition in northwestern Minnesota. Using data from standardized prairie-chicken surveys and land cover in 17 41-km2 survey blocks during 2004–2016, we used a mixed-effect model and a layered approach in an information-theoretic framework at multiple spatial scales to identify covariates related to prairie-chicken abundance. At the landscape scale, lek density was best explained by the amount of CRP grassland and wetland, grassland and wetland with long-term conservation goals (state, federal, and The Nature Conservancy owned); other wetlands managed with variable or no continuity in conservation goals; the contiguity of grasslands; and the number of patches of grasslands and wetlands in each survey block each year. Increasing the amount of CRP grassland in 41-km2 survey blocks by 1 km2 (2.4%) resulted in a corresponding increase of 6% in lek density. At the lek scale, the number of males per lek was best explained by the amount of CRP grassland and other grassland, CRP wetland and other wetland, forests, developed areas, shrubland, and the contiguity of CRP grassland. Increasing the amount of CRP grassland in the 2-km breeding-cycle habitat radius around a lek by 25% (3 km2) corresponded to a 5% increase in males per lek. Our results suggest that both increasing the quantity of grassland CRP and wetland CRP enrollments and aggregating CRP grassland enrollments may increase greater prairie-chicken abundance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21724","usgsCitation":"Adkins, K., Roy, C.L., Andersen, D.E., and Wright, R.G., 2019, Landscape-scale greater prairie-chicken–habitat relations and the Conservation Reserve Program: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 83, no. 6, p. 1415-1426, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21724.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1415","endPage":"1426","ipdsId":"IP-102230","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.152099609375,\n 45.805828539928356\n ],\n [\n -95.0537109375,\n 45.805828539928356\n ],\n [\n -95.0537109375,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -97.152099609375,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -97.152099609375,\n 45.805828539928356\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adkins, Kalysta","contributorId":274612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adkins","given":"Kalysta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, Charlotte L.","contributorId":274613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"Charlotte","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":199408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David","email":"dea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, Robert G.","contributorId":274614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203965,"text":"sir20195032 - 2019 - Hydrologic study at Farm Creek Marsh, Dorchester County, Maryland, from April 2015 to April 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-07T16:06:36","indexId":"sir20195032","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-09T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-5032","displayTitle":"Hydrologic Study at Farm Creek Marsh, Dorchester County, Maryland, from April 2015 to April 2016","title":"Hydrologic study at Farm Creek Marsh, Dorchester County, Maryland, from April 2015 to April 2016","docAbstract":"In 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey began a 1-year hydrologic study to investigate the extent and cause of inundation at Farm Creek Marsh, in Dorchester County, Maryland. In combination with a tide and precipitation gage, a representative section of the marsh was instrumented with surface-water monitors and shallow groundwater piezometers to capture the spatial and temporal extent of inundation. In addition, water-quality data (major ions and nutrients) were collected to help discern the cause of inundation. Results indicate that during the year-long study, all sites were periodically inundated, ranging from a total of 108 days to the entire study period of 353 days. The depth of inundation was typically between 0 and 0.2 feet (ft) (above land surface), with the exception of large storm events. Less than 0.5 ft of elevation was the difference between a site being inundated during the entire study period of 353 days and a site being inundated for 36 consecutive days out of 108 total days of inundation during the study period. Water-quality data showed a large difference in pH between marsh surface water (6.1 to 6.9 standard pH units) and shallow groundwater (3.0 to 3.6 standard pH units), with differences also observed in concentrations of silica, iron, manganese, and potassium. Collectively, the combination of water-quality, hydrologic, and soils data indicate that inundation is caused by tide and storm events rather than groundwater discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195032","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Conservation Fund and Audubon Maryland-DC","usgsCitation":"Walker, C.W., Lester, T.R., and Nealen, C.W., 2019, Hydrologic study at Farm Creek Marsh, Dorchester County, Maryland, from April 2015 to April 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5032, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195032.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-084533","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365336,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5032/sir20195032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019-5032"},{"id":365333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5032/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Dorchester County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 38.10754709314396\n ],\n [\n -75.69168090820312,\n 38.10754709314396\n ],\n [\n -75.69168090820312,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 38.10754709314396\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, MD-DE-DC Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5522 Research Park Drive
Baltimore, MD 21228
The Pahranagat roundtail chub (Gila robusta jordani; hereinafter “chub”) was federally listed as endangered in 1970 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1970). In the decades following the listing, the chub has declined to extremely low numbers (Tuttle and others, 1990; Guadalupe, 2014). Loss of available habitat appears to be one of the main reasons for the decline of this species. Historically, the chub are assumed to have had approximately 30 kilometers (km) of habitat available to them, whereas currently they appear to primarily occupy 3.5 km of the Pahranagat River, up to 2.5 km of the Pahranagat Ditch, and a small portion of the Pahranagat Drain. Each year in mid-March, a gate at the top of the fish passage structure is closed to divert water down the Pahranagat Ditch, almost completely eliminating any flow into the Pahranagat Drain. The gate is usually removed in mid-October, allowing for flow to reoccur in the Pahranagat Drain. Due to the intermittent nature of the Pahranagat Drain, it is considered a sink for the species, and yearly salvage operations are conducted to remove chub from the Pahranagat Drain. The lower portion of the Pahranagat Ditch is also thought to be a sink for the species, due to high flows and limited structure potentially pushing the chub out of the system. Movements of passive-integrated-transponder (PIT) tagged chub indicate that adults and larger juveniles are not likely to be swept downstream to the point of exiting the system; however, the smaller juveniles and larvae are likely to be entrained in the Pahranagat Drain and possibly the lower portion of the Pahranagat Ditch. Only 2 of 64 PIT-tagged chub (3 percent) were observed to exit the system through the Pahranagat Ditch as they were last recorded on the Lower Ditch antenna. No PIT-tagged chub was observed exiting the system through the Pahranagat Drain.
Although capture location was a good predictor of where PIT tagged fish were primarily detected, fish were observed to meander throughout the available habitat. Chub captured and released in the Pahranagat River were detected more often in the upper portion of the Pahranagat River, whereas chub captured and released in the Pahranagat Ditch were more often detected in and near the Pahranagat Ditch. This suggests some degree of site fidelity. However, the two chub that were captured in the Pahranagat Drain and relocated into the middle portion of the Pahranagat River near the Between Bridges antenna were not able to get back to the closed off Pahranagat Drain (closed to fish passage from mid-March through mid-October), but were primarily detected in and near the Pahranagat Ditch. Movements from one end of the system to the other end of the system (3.5 km) could occur within a day and there were no observed seasonal location preferences for the chubs. However, there was more activity in the uppermost sites during fall and winter, presumedly associated with spawning. Furthermore, chub were found to be more active during the daylight hours in fall and winter verses spring and summer. During summer, chubs were the least active, especially during daylight hours.
Most of the fish tagged were estimated to be adults based on size; 84 percent of fish tagged in this study were greater than 100 millimeters (mm) total length (TL). One chub monitored during this study (139 mm TL when tagged) was observed for a total of 714 days following capture, indicating that chub can survive at least 3 years. Furthermore, two fish greater than 200 mm TL when tagged were detected for another 7 months after tagging, which supports life history descriptions in the Recovery Plan that states Pahranagat roundtail chub can reach 250 mm TL (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1998). In addition to natural mortality events, fish may die from extreme temperatures or other environmental stressors. None of the fish tagged in 2014 or 2015 were detected past August 31, 2016, which suggests that there may have been some external influence causing mortality of the few remaining fish from May 1, 2016, to August 31, 2016. Although habitat for chub has been limited for decades to a very small section of the Pahranagat River and the Pahranagat Ditch (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1998), this study suggests that recent declining numbers of chub are most likely due to mortality events and not due to the fish emigrating from the system through the Pahranagat Ditch or the Pahranagat Drain.
Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Loss of biodiversity, habitat fragmentation and pollution, and subsequent degradation of natural environments threaten the range of ecosystem services that support all life on this planet. These changes, among others, are also driving the emergence of infectious diseases, with negative health outcomes for humans, animals, and our shared environment. Historically, interventions aimed at human and agricultural health issues did not always integrate wildlife or environmental health as part of the solution, which has resulted in unintended consequences. One Health recognises the interdependence of humans, animals and their shared environment, and provides a conceptual framework for developing interventions that optimise outcomes for human, animal and environmental health. However, there is a need to clearly articulate the core values, goals, and objectives of One Health for all relevant sectors in order to maximise synergies for communication, coordination, collaboration, and, ultimately, for joint actions on disease control and prevention. Application of systems and harm reduction approaches, focusing on the socio-economic and environmental determinants of health, and ensuring good governance and effective leadership will also maximise the opportunities to develop ‘win-win-win’ solutions to global health and environmental challenges. These solutions would help propel One Health forward to reach its full potential and truly optimise health outcomes for all.
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