{"pageNumber":"719","pageRowStart":"17950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46670,"records":[{"id":98582,"text":"cir1196Y - 2010 - Titanium recycling in the United States in 2004, chap. Y of Sibley, S.F., ed., Flow studies for recycling metal commodities in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:43","indexId":"cir1196Y","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1196","chapter":"Y","title":"Titanium recycling in the United States in 2004, chap. Y of Sibley, S.F., ed., Flow studies for recycling metal commodities in the United States","docAbstract":"As one of a series of reports that describe the recycling of metal commodities in the United States, this report discusses the titanium metal fraction of the titanium economy, which generates and uses titanium metal scrap in its operations. Data for 2004 were selected to demonstrate the titanium flows associated with these operations. This report includes a description of titanium metal supply and demand in the United States to illustrate the extent of titanium recycling and to identify recycling trends.\r\n\r\nIn 2004, U.S. apparent consumption of titanium metal (contained in various titanium-bearing products) was 45,000 metric tons (t) of titanium, which was distributed as follows: 25,000 t of titanium recovered as new scrap, 9,000 t of titanium as titanium metal and titanium alloy products delivered to the U.S. titanium products reservoir, 7,000 t of titanium consumed by steelmaking and other industries, and 4,000 t of titanium contained in unwrought and wrought products exported. Titanium recycling is concentrated within the titanium metals sector of the total titanium market. The titanium market is otherwise dominated by pigment (titanium oxide) products, which generate dissipative losses instead of recyclable scrap. In 2004, scrap (predominantly new scrap) was the source of roughly 54 percent of the titanium metal content of U.S.-produced titanium metal products.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1196Y","collaboration":"Flow Studies for Recycling Metal Commodities in the United States","usgsCitation":"Goonan, T.G., 2010, Titanium recycling in the United States in 2004, chap. Y of Sibley, S.F., ed., Flow studies for recycling metal commodities in the United States (Chap. Y of Sibley, S.F., ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1196, vi, 14 p.; Appendices , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1196Y.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.; Appendices ","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":116044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1196_y.jpg"},{"id":13980,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1196-Y/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Chap. Y of Sibley, S.F., ed.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b3ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goonan, Thomas G. goonan@usgs.gov","contributorId":2761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goonan","given":"Thomas","email":"goonan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98584,"text":"sir20105158 - 2010 - Revised hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in the northern coastal area of Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:40:28","indexId":"sir20105158","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5158","title":"Revised hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in the northern coastal area of Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina","docAbstract":"The hydrogeologic framework for the Floridan aquifer system has been revised for eight northern coastal counties in Georgia and five coastal counties in South Carolina by incorporating new borehole geophysical and flowmeter log data collected during previous investigations. Selected well logs were compiled and analyzed to determine the vertical and horizontal continuity of permeable zones that make up the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and to define more precisely the thickness of confining beds that separate these aquifers.\r\n\r\nThe updated framework generally conforms to the original framework established by the U.S. Geological Survey in the 1980s except for adjustments made to the internal boundaries of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and the individual permeable zones that compose these aquifers. The revised boundaries of the Floridan aquifer system were mapped by taking into account results from local studies and regional correlations of geologic and hydrogeologic units. Because the revised framework does not match the previous regional framework along all edges, additional work will be needed to expand the framework into adjacent areas.\r\n\r\nThe Floridan aquifer system in the northern coastal region of Georgia and parts of South Carolina can be divided into the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers, which are separated by a middle confining unit of relatively lower permeability. The Upper Floridan aquifer includes permeable and hydraulically connected carbonate rocks of Oligocene and upper Eocene age that represent the most transmissive part of the aquifer system. The middle confining unit consists of low permeability carbonate rocks that lie within the lower part of the upper Eocene in Beaufort and Jasper Counties, South Carolina, and within the upper to middle parts of the middle Eocene elsewhere. Locally, the middle confining unit contains thin zones that have moderate to high permeability and can produce water to wells that tap them. The Lower Floridan aquifer includes all permeable strata that lie below the middle confining unit and above the base of the aquifer system. Beneath Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, the middle Floridan aquifer is now included as part of the Lower Floridan aquifer. The base of the Floridan aquifer system generally is located at the top of lower Eocene rocks in Georgia and the top of Paleocene rocks in South Carolina.\r\n\r\nThe Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers are interconnected to varying degrees depending on the thickness and permeability of the middle confining unit that separates these aquifers. In most places, hydraulic head differences between the two aquifers range from a few inches to a few feet or more. Monitoring at several vertically clustered well-point sites where wells were set at different depths in the aquifer revealed variations in the degree of hydraulic separation with depth. In general, the head separation between the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers increases with depth, which indicates that the deeper zones are more hydraulically separated than the shallower parts of the Lower Floridan aquifer.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105158","usgsCitation":"Williams, L.J., and Gill, H.E., 2010, Revised hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in the northern coastal area of Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5158, viii, 76 p.; Appendices; 3 Plates; Plate 1: 24 inches x 33 inches; Plate 2: 36 inches x 40 inches; Plate 3: 30 inches x 30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105158.","productDescription":"viii, 76 p.; Appendices; 3 Plates; Plate 1: 24 inches x 33 inches; Plate 2: 36 inches x 40 inches; Plate 3: 30 inches x 30 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5158.jpg"},{"id":13982,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Floridan aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,31 ], [ -82,33 ], [ -80,33 ], [ -80,31 ], [ -82,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd743","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Lester J. lesterw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Lester","email":"lesterw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Harold E.","contributorId":91566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98583,"text":"sir20105152 - 2010 - Correlation chart of Pennsylvanian rocks in Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Maryland, and Pennsylvania showing approximate position of coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:28:07","indexId":"sir20105152","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5152","title":"Correlation chart of Pennsylvanian rocks in Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Maryland, and Pennsylvania showing approximate position of coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units","docAbstract":"This report contains a simplified provisional correlation chart that was compiled from both published and unpublished data in order to fill a need to visualize the currently accepted stratigraphic relations between Appalachian basin formations, coal beds and coal zones, and key stratigraphic units in the northern, central, and southern Appalachian basin coal regions of Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Appalachian basin coal beds and coal zones were deposited in a variety of geologic settings throughout the Lower, Middle, and Upper Pennsylvanian and Pennsylvanian formations were defined on the presence or absence of economic coal beds and coarse-grained sandstones that often are local or regionally discontinuous. The correlation chart illustrates how stratigraphic units (especially coal beds and coal zones) and their boundaries can differ between States and regions.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105152","usgsCitation":"Ruppert, L.F., Trippi, M.H., and Slucher, E.R., 2010, Correlation chart of Pennsylvanian rocks in Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Maryland, and Pennsylvania showing approximate position of coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5152, v, 9 p.; Additional separate large format files available as PDFs whithin contents page of report, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105152.","productDescription":"v, 9 p.; Additional separate large format files available as PDFs whithin contents page of report","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022941","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5152.jpg"},{"id":13981,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5152/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6846bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061 lruppert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie","email":"lruppert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trippi, Michael H. 0000-0002-1398-3427 mtrippi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-3427","contributorId":941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippi","given":"Michael","email":"mtrippi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slucher, Ernie R. 0000-0002-5865-5734 eslucher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-5734","contributorId":3966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slucher","given":"Ernie","email":"eslucher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98585,"text":"ofr20101161 - 2010 - Rainfall, discharge, and water-quality data during stormwater monitoring, H-1 storm drain, Oahu, Hawaii, July 1, 2009, to June 30, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T15:57:26","indexId":"ofr20101161","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1161","title":"Rainfall, discharge, and water-quality data during stormwater monitoring, H-1 storm drain, Oahu, Hawaii, July 1, 2009, to June 30, 2010","docAbstract":"<p>Storm runoff water-quality samples were collected as part of the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation Stormwater Monitoring Program. The program is designed to assess the effects of highway runoff and urban runoff collected by the H-1 storm drain on the Manoa-Palolo Drainage Canal. This report summarizes rainfall, discharge, and water-quality data collected between July 1, 2009, and June 30, 2010. As part of this program, rainfall and continuous discharge data were collected at the H-1 storm drain. During the year, sampling strategy and sample processing methods were modified to improve the characterization of the effects of discharge from the storm drain on the Manoa-Palolo Drainage Canal. During July 1, 2009, to February 1, 2010, samples were collected from only the H-1 storm drain. Beginning February 2, 2010, samples were collected simultaneously from the H-1 storm drain and the Manoa-Palolo Drainage Canal at a location about 50 feet upstream of the discharge point of the H-1 storm drain. Three storms were sampled during July 1, 2009, to June 30, 2010. All samples were collected using automatic samplers. For the storm of August 12, 2009, grab samples (for oil and grease, and total petroleum hydrocarbons) and a composite sample were collected. The composite sample was analyzed for total suspended solids, nutrients, and selected dissolved and total (filtered and unfiltered) trace metals (cadmium, chromium, nickel, copper, lead, and zinc). Two storms were sampled in March 2010 at the H-1 storm drain and from the Manoa-Palolo Drainage Canal. Two samples were collected during the storm of March 4, 2010, and six samples were collected during the storm of March 8, 2010. These two storms were sampled using the modified strategy, in which discrete samples from the automatic sampler were processed and analyzed individually, rather than as a composite sample, using the simultaneously collected samples from the H-1 storm drain and from the Manoa-Palolo Drainage Canal. The discrete samples were analyzed for some or all of the following constituents: total suspended solids, nutrients, oil and grease, and selected dissolved (filtered) trace metals (cadmium, chromium, nickel, copper, lead, and zinc). Five quality-assurance/quality-control samples were analyzed during the year. These samples included one laboratory-duplicate, one field-duplicate, and one matrix-spike sample prepared and analyzed with the storm samples. In addition, two inorganic blank-water samples, one sample at the H-1 storm drain and one sample at the Manoa-Palolo Drainage Canal, were collected by running the blank water (water purified of all inorganic constituents) through the sampling and processing systems after cleaning automatic sampler lines to verify that the sampling lines were not contaminated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Presley, T.K., and Jamison, M.T., 2010, Rainfall, discharge, and water-quality data during stormwater monitoring, H-1 storm drain, Oahu, Hawaii, July 1, 2009, to June 30, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1161, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101161.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20101161.PNG"},{"id":13983,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1161/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.82,\n              21.30\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.82,\n              21.27\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.78,\n              21.27\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.78,\n              21.30\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.82,\n              21.30\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545f91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presley, Todd K. 0000-0001-5851-0634 tkpresle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5851-0634","contributorId":2671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presley","given":"Todd","email":"tkpresle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jamison, Marcael T. J.","contributorId":6817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamison","given":"Marcael","email":"","middleInitial":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98579,"text":"sir20105141 - 2010 - Hydrogeomorphic segments and hydraulic microhabitats of the Niobrara River, Nebraska— With special emphasis on the Niobrara National Scenic River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-28T21:46:56.605042","indexId":"sir20105141","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5141","title":"Hydrogeomorphic segments and hydraulic microhabitats of the Niobrara River, Nebraska— With special emphasis on the Niobrara National Scenic River","docAbstract":"<p>The Niobrara River is an ecologically and economically important resource in Nebraska. The Nebraska Department of Natural Resources’ recent designation of the hydraulically connected surface- and groundwater resources of the Niobrara River Basin as “fully appropriated” has emphasized the importance of understanding linkages between the physical and ecological dynamics of the Niobrara River so it can be sustainably managed. In cooperation with the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the U.S. Geological Survey investigated the hydrogeomorphic and hydraulic attributes of the Niobrara River in northern Nebraska. This report presents the results of an analysis of hydrogeomorphic segments and hydraulic microhabitats of the Niobrara River and its valley for the approximately 330-mile reach from Dunlap Diversion Dam to its confluence with the Missouri River. Two spatial scales were used to examine and quantify the hydrogeomorphic segments and hydraulic microhabitats of the Niobrara River: a basin scale and a reach scale. </p><p>At the basin scale, digital spatial data and hydrologic data were analyzed to (1) test for differences between 36 previously determined longitudinal hydrogeomorphic segments; (2) quantitatively describe the hydrogeomorphic characteristics of the river and its valley; and (3) evaluate differences in hydraulic microhabitat over a range of flow regimes among three fluvial geomorphic provinces. The statistical analysis of hydrogeomorphic segments resulted in reclassification rates of 3 to 28 percent of the segments for the four descriptive geomorphic elements. </p><p>The reassignment of classes by discriminant analysis resulted in a reduction from 36 to 25 total hydrogeomorphic segments because several adjoining segments shared the same ultimate class assignments. Virtually all of the segment mergers were in the Canyons and Restricted Bottoms (CRB) fluvial geomorphic province. The most frequent classes among hydrogeomorphic segments, and the dominant classes per unit length of river, are: a width-restricted valley confinement condition, sinuous-planview pattern, irregular channel width, and an alternate bar configuration. </p><p>The Niobrara River in the study area flows through a diversity of fluvial geomorphic settings in its traverse across northern Nebraska. In the Meandering Bottoms (MB) fluvial geomorphic province, river discharge magnitudes are low, and the valley exerts little control on the channel-planview pattern. Within the CRB province, the river flows over a diversity of geologic formations, and the valley and river narrow and expand in approximate synchronicity. In the Braided Bottoms (BB) fluvial geomorphic province, the river primarily flows over Cretaceous Pierre Shale, the valley and channel are persistently wide, and the channel slope is generally uniform. The existence of vegetated islands and consequent multithread channel environments, indicated by a higher braided index, mostly coincided with reaches having gentler slopes and less unit stream power. Longitudinal hydrology curves indicate that the flow of the Niobrara River likely is dominated by groundwater as far downstream as Norden. Unit stream power values in the study area vary between 0 and almost 2 pounds per foot per second. Within the MB province, unit stream power steadily increases as the Niobrara gains discharge from groundwater inflow, and the channel slope steepens. The combination of steep slopes, a constrained channel width, and persistent flow within the CRB province results in unit stream power values that are between three and five times greater than those in less confined segments with comparable or greater discharges. With the exception of hydrogeomorphic segment 3, which is affected by Spencer Dam, unit stream power values in the BB province are generally uniform. Channel sinuosity values in the study area varied generally between 1 and 2.5, but with locally higher values measured in the MB province and at the entrenched bedrock meanders of hydrogeomorphic segment 18 in the CRB province. </p><p>The differences in channel morphology and hydraulic geometries between fluvial geomorphic provinces are evident in the types, relative abundance, and response of hydraulic microhabitats to changing discharges. The four gaging stations chosen for hydraulic microhabitat analysis are distributed among three different fluvial geomorphic provinces. In the MB province, the smaller channel and lower discharges resulted in the dominance of shallow and intermediate-depth hydraulic environments with the vast majority of hydraulic microhabitat restricted to shallow categories even during upper-decile discharges. In the CRB province, intermediate depth hydraulic conditions, particularly intermediate-swift, dominate over all ranges of discharge. Hydraulic microhabitat conditions were most diverse in the BB province, with most hydraulic microhabitat categories present over the entire range of discharges analyzed. The calculated differences in hydraulic microhabitat distributions, abundance, and adjustments between streamflow-gaging stations were the result of differences in physical structure of the channel and subsequent channel hydraulic geometry. </p><p>At the reach scale, field measurements made in water years 2008 and 2009 in four study reaches within the Scenic Reach were used to (1) characterize the elevation and geomorphic processes associated with fluvial landforms, (2) build hydraulic geometry relations, (3) examine flow hydraulics over a range of discharges, and (4) examine the types and responses of hydraulic microhabitats to a range of flow magnitudes. Four landform groups were identified and named in order of increasing elevation: low flood plains, intermediate flood plains, low terraces, and high terraces. The terraces were poorly characterized because the surveys did not extend across the full width of the alluvial valley bottom. The two lowest fluvial landforms are likely active in the modern hydroclimatic regime. Sediment samples obtained in the study reaches indicate that the primary bed material in the active channel ranged in size from coarse silt to coarse sand. Grain-size distributions from samples also indicate that the bed of the Niobrara River among the study reaches coarsens and has increasing grainsize variability in the downstream direction. </p><p>Values of at-a-station hydraulic geometry exponents indicate that the Niobrara River in the study reaches adjusts its geometry to changing discharges primarily through increases in flow depth and velocity. Relations at one cross section indicated that, at least locally, changes in width were also an important channel adjustment mechanism. Hydraulic behavior over the range of flows measured was not consistent among all study reaches, but two general modes of hydraulic behavior were observed in the reaches with substantial coverage of the bed by fine sediment. At the Sunny Brook and Muleshoe study reaches, average boundary-shear stress remained approximately constant, and hydraulic resistance decreased, for discharges below 900 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s). Above 900 ft<sup>3</sup>/s, average boundary shear stress and hydraulic resistance both increased. The Rock Barn study reach did not exhibit the same two-mode hydraulic behavior observed at the Sunny Brook and Muleshoe reaches. The coincident increase in boundary shear stress above 900 ft<sup>3</sup>/s observed at the Sunny Brook and Muleshoe study reaches represents a potential hydraulic threshold above which bedload transport rates were likely to increase markedly. No consistent bed-adjustment pattern (scour or fill) was identified in the study reaches over the range of flows or over the measurement season. </p><p>Analysis of hydraulic microhabitats over the range of discharges measured at the study reaches indicates that some percentage of most habitat niche categories was available for at least one discharge condition, but the majority of hydraulic habitat available was within the intermediate-swift and deepswift habitat niche categories. Deep-swift conditions dominated nearly all study reaches under all measured discharge conditions. Slight differences in habitat distributions were observed between the study reaches with substantial coverage of the bed by fine sediment—Sunny Brook, Muleshoe, and Rock Barn—and the bedrock-dominated reach, Crooked Creek. Although the four study reaches occupy three different hydrogeomorphic segments, the types, relative abundance, and response of hydraulic microhabitat niche distributions to changing discharge conditions generally were similar among all reaches.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105141","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission","usgsCitation":"Alexander, J.S., Zelt, R.B., and Schaepe, N., 2010, Hydrogeomorphic segments and hydraulic microhabitats of the Niobrara River, Nebraska— With special emphasis on the Niobrara National Scenic River: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5141, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105141.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423022,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93870.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13977,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5141/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116050,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5141.jpg"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Niobrara River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,41.5 ], [ -104,43.25 ], [ -98,43.25 ], [ -98,41.5 ], [ -104,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6147ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, Jason S. 0000-0002-1602-482X jalexand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-482X","contributorId":2802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Jason","email":"jalexand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zelt, Ronald B. 0000-0001-9024-855X rbzelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-855X","contributorId":300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"Ronald","email":"rbzelt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaepe, Nathan J.","contributorId":46194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaepe","given":"Nathan J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98578,"text":"sir20105073 - 2010 - Estimation of magnitude and frequency of floods in urban basins in Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T20:30:32.084658","indexId":"sir20105073","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5073","title":"Estimation of magnitude and frequency of floods in urban basins in Missouri","docAbstract":"<p>Streamgage flood-frequency analyses were done for 35 streamgages on urban streams in and adjacent to Missouri for estimation of the magnitude and frequency of floods in urban areas of Missouri. A log-Pearson Type-III distribution was fitted to the annual series of peak flow data retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System. For this report, the flood frequency estimates are expressed in terms of percent annual exceedance probabilities of 50, 20, 10, 4, 2, 1, and 0.2. Of the 35 streamgages, 30 are located in Missouri. The remaining five non-Missouri streamgages were added to the dataset to improve the range and applicability of the regression analyses from the streamgage frequency analyses.</p><p>Ordinary least-squares was used to determine the best set of independent variables for the regression equations. Basin characteristics selected for independent variables into the ordinary least-squares regression analyses were based on theoretical relation to flood flows, literature review of possible basin characteristics, and the ability to measure the basin characteristics using digital datasets and geographic information system technology. Results of the ordinary least-squares were evaluated on the basis of Mallow's<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Cp</i><span>&nbsp;</span>statistic, the adjusted coefficient of determination, and the statistical significance of the independent variables. The independent variables of drainage area and percent impervious area were determined to be statistically significant and readily determined from existing digital datasets. The drainage area variable was computed using the best elevation data available, either from a statewide 10-meter grid or high-resolution elevation data from urban areas. The impervious area variable was computed from the National Land Cover Dataset 2001 impervious area dataset. The National Land Cover Dataset 2001 impervious area data for each basin was compared to historical imagery and 7.5-minute topographic maps to verify the national dataset represented the urbanization of the basin at the time streamgage data were collected. Eight streamgages had less urbanization during the period of time streamflow data were collected than was shown on the 2001 dataset. The impervious area values for these eight urban basins were adjusted downward as much as 23 percent to account for the additional urbanization since the streamflow data were collected.</p><p>Weighted least-squares regression techniques were used to determine the final regression equations for the statewide urban flood-frequency equations. Weighted least-squares techniques improve regression equations by adjusting for different and varying lengths in streamflow records. The final flood-frequency equations for the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability floods for Missouri provide a technique for estimating peak flows on urban streams at gaged and ungaged sites. The applicability of the equations is limited by the range in basin characteristics used to develop the regression equations. The range in drainage area is 0.28 to 189 square miles; range in impervious area is 2.3 to 46.0 percent.</p><p>Seven of the 35 selected streamgages were used to compare the results of the existing rural and urban equations to the urban equations presented in this report for the 1-percent annual exceedance probability. Results of the comparison indicate that the estimated peak flows for the urban equation in this report ranged from 3 to 52 percent higher than the results from the rural equations. Comparing the estimated urban peak flows from this report to the existing urban equation developed in 1986 indicated the range was 255 percent lower to 10 percent higher. The overall comparison between the current (2010) and 1986 urban equations indicates a reduction in estimated peak flow values for the 1-percent annual exceedance probability flood.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105073","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District","usgsCitation":"Southard, R.E., 2010, Estimation of magnitude and frequency of floods in urban basins in Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5073, v, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105073.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423521,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93869.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13976,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5073/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":203847,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.545006,36.336809],[-89.605668,36.342234],[-89.615841,36.336085],[-89.620255,36.323006],[-89.611819,36.309088],[-89.578492,36.288317],[-89.554289,36.277751],[-89.539487,36.277368],[-89.534507,36.261802],[-89.539229,36.248821],[-89.562206,36.250909],[-89.577544,36.242262],[-89.602374,36.238106],[-89.642182,36.249486],[-89.678046,36.248284],[-89.695235,36.252766],[-89.705328,36.239898],[-89.69263,36.224959],[-89.607004,36.171179],[-89.591605,36.144096],[-89.59307,36.129699],[-89.601936,36.11947],[-89.666598,36.095802],[-89.678821,36.084636],[-89.688577,36.029238],[-89.706932,36.000981],[-90.37789,35.995683],[-90.351732,36.025347],[-90.34909,36.040131],[-90.339343,36.047112],[-90.333261,36.067504],[-90.320746,36.071326],[-90.320662,36.087138],[-90.29991,36.098236],[-90.294492,36.112949],[-90.266256,36.120559],[-90.235585,36.139474],[-90.231386,36.147348],[-90.23537,36.159153],[-90.220425,36.184764],[-90.21128,36.183392],[-90.188189,36.20536],[-90.152497,36.215582],[-90.14224,36.227522],[-90.126366,36.229367],[-90.130114,36.240307],[-90.118219,36.253491],[-90.114922,36.265595],[-90.086471,36.271531],[-90.06398,36.303038],[-90.081961,36.322097],[-90.074074,36.342895],[-90.077695,36.348478],[-90.066297,36.3593],[-90.064514,36.382085],[-90.078671,36.399116],[-90.138512,36.413952],[-90.134231,36.422827],[-90.143743,36.424433],[-90.143798,36.428483],[-90.134136,36.436602],[-90.137323,36.455411],[-90.141101,36.461791],[-90.155804,36.463555],[-90.152888,36.47093],[-90.142222,36.470554],[-90.143683,36.476029],[-90.158838,36.479558],[-90.159305,36.492446],[-90.152481,36.497952],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.617975,37.722176],[-94.607354,39.113444],[-94.589933,39.140403],[-94.591933,39.155003],[-94.608834,39.160503],[-94.640035,39.153103],[-94.662435,39.157603],[-94.663835,39.179103],[-94.680336,39.184303],[-94.714137,39.170403],[-94.741938,39.170203],[-94.763138,39.179903],[-94.781518,39.206146],[-94.811663,39.206594],[-94.831679,39.215938],[-94.835056,39.220658],[-94.825663,39.241729],[-94.831471,39.256273],[-94.84632,39.268481],[-94.887056,39.28648],[-94.905329,39.311952],[-94.910017,39.352543],[-94.88136,39.370383],[-94.879281,39.37978],[-94.885026,39.389801],[-94.901823,39.392798],[-94.92311,39.384492],[-94.942039,39.389499],[-94.946293,39.405646],[-94.972952,39.421705],[-94.982144,39.440552],[-95.0375,39.463689],[-95.045716,39.472459],[-95.052177,39.499996],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-95.109304,39.542285],[-95.113077,39.559133],[-95.103228,39.577783],[-95.089515,39.581028],[-95.064519,39.577115],[-95.049277,39.589583],[-95.046361,39.599557],[-95.055152,39.621657],[-95.053367,39.630347],[-95.027644,39.665454],[-95.018318,39.672869],[-94.984149,39.67785],[-94.971317,39.68641],[-94.971206,39.729305],[-94.965318,39.739065],[-94.948726,39.745593],[-94.902612,39.724202],[-94.875643,39.730494],[-94.862943,39.742994],[-94.860743,39.763094],[-94.869644,39.772894],[-94.912293,39.759338],[-94.934262,39.773642],[-94.935206,39.78313],[-94.929654,39.788282],[-94.884084,39.794234],[-94.875944,39.813294],[-94.878677,39.826522],[-94.886933,39.833098],[-94.916918,39.836138],[-94.942567,39.856602],[-94.928466,39.876344],[-94.929574,39.888754],[-94.95154,39.900533],[-94.986975,39.89667],[-95.00844,39.900596],[-95.024389,39.891202],[-95.027931,39.871522],[-95.037767,39.865542],[-95.085003,39.861883],[-95.128166,39.874165],[-95.140601,39.881688],[-95.143802,39.901918],[-95.149657,39.905948],[-95.179453,39.900062],[-95.199347,39.902709],[-95.206326,39.912121],[-95.20069,39.928155],[-95.204428,39.938949],[-95.250254,39.948644],[-95.269886,39.969396],[-95.302507,39.984357],[-95.315271,40.01207],[-95.356876,40.031522],[-95.387195,40.02677],[-95.40726,40.033112],[-95.416824,40.043235],[-95.42164,40.058952],[-95.409856,40.07432],[-95.407591,40.09803],[-95.394216,40.108263],[-95.39284,40.115887],[-95.398667,40.126419],[-95.428749,40.135577],[-95.436348,40.15872],[-95.460746,40.169173],[-95.479193,40.185652],[-95.482757,40.197346],[-95.469718,40.227908],[-95.477501,40.24272],[-95.490333,40.248966],[-95.521925,40.24947],[-95.552473,40.261904],[-95.556325,40.267714],[-95.550966,40.285947],[-95.562157,40.297359],[-95.581787,40.29958],[-95.610439,40.31397],[-95.642262,40.306025],[-95.657328,40.310856],[-95.653729,40.322582],[-95.625204,40.334288],[-95.623728,40.346567],[-95.641027,40.366399],[-95.643934,40.386849],[-95.659134,40.40869],[-95.65819,40.44188],[-95.693133,40.469396],[-95.699969,40.505275],[-95.661687,40.517309],[-95.652262,40.538114],[-95.655848,40.546609],[-95.671754,40.562626],[-95.678718,40.56256],[-95.694147,40.556942],[-95.69505,40.533124],[-95.708591,40.521551],[-95.722444,40.528118],[-95.75711,40.52599],[-95.769281,40.536656],[-95.763366,40.550797],[-95.773549,40.578205],[-95.765645,40.585208],[-94.632035,40.571186],[-94.080463,40.572899],[-92.689854,40.589884],[-91.729115,40.61364],[-91.716769,40.59853],[-91.686357,40.580875],[-91.690804,40.559893],[-91.681714,40.553035],[-91.6219,40.542292],[-91.618028,40.53403],[-91.621353,40.510072],[-91.590817,40.492292],[-91.574746,40.465664],[-91.52509,40.457845],[-91.524053,40.448437],[-91.533623,40.43832],[-91.519935,40.433673],[-91.526555,40.419872],[-91.522333,40.409648],[-91.498093,40.401926],[-91.489816,40.404317],[-91.484507,40.3839],[-91.465116,40.385257],[-91.465009,40.376223],[-91.452458,40.375501],[-91.441243,40.386255],[-91.419422,40.378264],[-91.444833,40.36317],[-91.46214,40.342414],[-91.492727,40.278217],[-91.490524,40.259498],[-91.505828,40.238839],[-91.505495,40.195606],[-91.512974,40.181062],[-91.508224,40.157665],[-91.510322,40.127994],[-91.489606,40.057435],[-91.494878,40.036453],[-91.465315,39.983995],[-91.41936,39.927717],[-91.41988,39.916533],[-91.443513,39.893583],[-91.446922,39.883034],[-91.436051,39.84551],[-91.377971,39.811273],[-91.361571,39.787548],[-91.370009,39.732524],[-91.3453,39.709402],[-91.27614,39.665759],[-91.229317,39.620853],[-91.181936,39.602677],[-91.174651,39.593313],[-91.168419,39.564928],[-91.153628,39.548248],[-91.100307,39.538695],[-91.079769,39.507728],[-91.064305,39.494643],[-91.059439,39.46886],[-91.03827,39.448436],[-90.993789,39.422959],[-90.940766,39.403984],[-90.928745,39.387544],[-90.904862,39.379403],[-90.893777,39.367343],[-90.8475,39.345272],[-90.816851,39.320496],[-90.793461,39.309498],[-90.751599,39.265432],[-90.72996,39.255894],[-90.717113,39.213912],[-90.707902,39.15086],[-90.686051,39.117785],[-90.681086,39.10059],[-90.681994,39.090066],[-90.712541,39.057064],[-90.71158,39.046798],[-90.678193,38.991851],[-90.675949,38.96214],[-90.657254,38.92027],[-90.639917,38.908272],[-90.625122,38.888654],[-90.583388,38.86903],[-90.555693,38.870785],[-90.500117,38.910408],[-90.486974,38.925982],[-90.482419,38.94446],[-90.472122,38.958838],[-90.440078,38.967364],[-90.395816,38.960037],[-90.309454,38.92412],[-90.250248,38.919344],[-90.109407,38.843548],[-90.123107,38.798048],[-90.166409,38.772649],[-90.176309,38.754449],[-90.20991,38.72605],[-90.20921,38.70275],[-90.18641,38.67475],[-90.181325,38.660381],[-90.17801,38.63375],[-90.18451,38.611551],[-90.196011,38.594451],[-90.222112,38.576451],[-90.260314,38.528352],[-90.285215,38.443453],[-90.295316,38.426753],[-90.349743,38.377609],[-90.368219,38.340254],[-90.373929,38.281853],[-90.353902,38.213855],[-90.331554,38.18758],[-90.290765,38.170453],[-90.274928,38.157615],[-90.243116,38.112669],[-90.218708,38.094365],[-90.17222,38.069636],[-90.158533,38.074735],[-90.130788,38.062341],[-90.126612,38.043981],[-90.11052,38.026547],[-90.08826,38.015772],[-90.059367,38.015543],[-90.051357,38.003584],[-90.03241,37.995258],[-90.00011,37.964563],[-89.978919,37.962791],[-89.942099,37.970121],[-89.933797,37.959143],[-89.925085,37.960021],[-89.932467,37.947497],[-89.959646,37.940196],[-89.974918,37.926719],[-89.952499,37.883218],[-89.923185,37.870672],[-89.901832,37.869822],[-89.844786,37.905572],[-89.799333,37.881517],[-89.796087,37.859505],[-89.786369,37.851734],[-89.782035,37.855092],[-89.739873,37.84693],[-89.71748,37.825724],[-89.669644,37.799922],[-89.660227,37.781032],[-89.667993,37.759484],[-89.665546,37.752095],[-89.64953,37.745498],[-89.617278,37.74972],[-89.612478,37.740036],[-89.596566,37.732886],[-89.583316,37.713261],[-89.516685,37.692762],[-89.51204,37.680985],[-89.517718,37.641217],[-89.478399,37.598869],[-89.47603,37.590226],[-89.486062,37.580853],[-89.519808,37.582748],[-89.521925,37.560735],[-89.517051,37.537278],[-89.475525,37.471388],[-89.439769,37.4372],[-89.421054,37.387668],[-89.432836,37.347056],[-89.489005,37.333368],[-89.511842,37.310825],[-89.51834,37.285497],[-89.489915,37.251315],[-89.470525,37.253357],[-89.458827,37.248661],[-89.467631,37.2182],[-89.456105,37.18812],[-89.42558,37.138235],[-89.37871,37.094586],[-89.375712,37.080505],[-89.384681,37.048251],[-89.362397,37.030156],[-89.322982,37.01609],[-89.29213,36.992189],[-89.278628,36.98867],[-89.263527,37.00005],[-89.257608,37.015496],[-89.260003,37.023288],[-89.304752,37.047565],[-89.310819,37.057897],[-89.30829,37.068371],[-89.259936,37.064071],[-89.25493,37.072014],[-89.234053,37.037277],[-89.200793,37.016164],[-89.192097,36.979995],[-89.185491,36.973518],[-89.170008,36.970298],[-89.125069,36.983499],[-89.109498,36.976563],[-89.099594,36.964543],[-89.100762,36.944002],[-89.117567,36.887356],[-89.131944,36.857437],[-89.137969,36.847349],[-89.1704,36.841522],[-89.178888,36.831368],[-89.179229,36.812915],[-89.171069,36.798119],[-89.155891,36.789126],[-89.12353,36.785309],[-89.116563,36.767557],[-89.126134,36.751735],[-89.166888,36.759633],[-89.184523,36.753638],[-89.197808,36.739412],[-89.19948,36.716045],[-89.169522,36.688878],[-89.169467,36.674596],[-89.15908,36.666352],[-89.197654,36.628936],[-89.202607,36.601576],[-89.217447,36.576159],[-89.236542,36.566824],[-89.258318,36.564948],[-89.278935,36.577699],[-89.326731,36.632186],[-89.365548,36.625059],[-89.375453,36.615719],[-89.382762,36.583603],[-89.41977,36.493896],[-89.448468,36.46442],[-89.464153,36.457189],[-89.486215,36.46162],[-89.494248,36.475972],[-89.465888,36.529946],[-89.467761,36.546847],[-89.479093,36.568206],[-89.500076,36.576305],[-89.542459,36.580566],[-89.566817,36.564216],[-89.571241,36.547343],[-89.560344,36.525436],[-89.519501,36.475419],[-89.523427,36.456572],[-89.543406,36.43877],[-89.545255,36.427079],[-89.509722,36.373626],[-89.519,36.3486],[-89.545006,36.336809]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Missouri\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbdf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southard, Rodney E. 0000-0001-8024-9698 southard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9698","contributorId":3880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southard","given":"Rodney","email":"southard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98575,"text":"sir20095037 - 2010 - Simulation of ground-water flow and solute transport in the Glen Canyon aquifer, East-Central Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T16:37:36","indexId":"sir20095037","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5037","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow and solute transport in the Glen Canyon aquifer, East-Central Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The extraction of methane from coal beds in the Ferron coal trend in central Utah started in the mid-1980s. Beginning in 1994, water from the extraction process was pressure injected into the Glen Canyon aquifer. The lateral extent of the aquifer that could be affected by injection is about 7,600 square miles. To address regional-scale effects of injection over a decadal time frame, a conceptual model of ground-water movement and transport of dissolved solids was formulated. A numerical model that incorporates aquifer concepts was then constructed and used to simulate injection.</p><p>The Glen Canyon aquifer within the study area is conceptualized in two parts—an active area of ground-water flow and solute transport that exists between recharge areas in the San Rafael Swell and Desert, Waterpocket Fold, and Henry Mountains and discharge locations along the Muddy, Dirty Devil, San Rafael, and Green Rivers. An area of little or negligible ground-water flow exists north of Price, Utah, and beneath the Wasatch Plateau. Pressurized injection of coal-bed methane production water occurs in this area where dissolved-solids concentrations can be more than 100,000 milligrams per liter. Injection has the potential to increase hydrologic interaction with the active flow area, where dissolved-solids concentrations are generally less than 3,000 milligrams per liter.</p><p>Pressurized injection of coal-bed methane production water in 1994 initiated a net addition of flow and mass of solutes into the Glen Canyon aquifer. To better understand the regional scale hydrologic interaction between the two areas of the Glen Canyon aquifer, pressurized injection was numerically simulated. Data constraints precluded development of a fully calibrated simulation; instead, an uncalibrated model was constructed that is a plausible representation of the conceptual flow and solute-transport processes. The amount of injected water over the 36-year simulation period is about 25,000 acre-feet. As a result, simulated water levels in the injection areas increased by 50 feet and dissolved-solids concentrations increased by 100 milligrams per liter or more. These increases are accrued into aquifer storage and do not extend to the rivers during the 36-year simulation period. The amount of change in simulated discharge and solute load to the rivers is less than the resolution accuracy of the numerical simulation and is interpreted as no significant change over the considered time period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Oil, Gas, and Mining","usgsCitation":"Freethey, G.W., and Stolp, B.J., 2010, Simulation of ground-water flow and solute transport in the Glen Canyon aquifer, East-Central Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5037, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095037.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5037.jpg"},{"id":13972,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.478271484375,\n              38.41916639395372\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4892578125,\n              38.51808630316305\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6265869140625,\n              38.59540719940386\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.7529296875,\n              38.586820096127674\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.8408203125,\n              38.77978137804918\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.57714843749999,\n              39.155622393423215\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.3519287109375,\n              39.48284540453334\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.324462890625,\n              39.66914219401813\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.5057373046875,\n              39.9476478239225\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.37939453125,\n              40.0360265298117\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2091064453125,\n              39.99395569397331\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.18713378906249,\n              40.107487419012415\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.4730224609375,\n              39.757879992021756\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0445556640625,\n              39.50827899034114\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.15716552734375,\n              38.982897808179985\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.08575439453125,\n              38.6275996886131\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.01434326171875,\n              38.40194908237822\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.4400634765625,\n              38.153997218446115\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.55541992187499,\n              38.34596449365382\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              38.55246141354153\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2750244140625,\n              38.41916639395372\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.478271484375,\n              38.41916639395372\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2b1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freethey, Geoffrey W.","contributorId":25570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freethey","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497 bjstolp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard","email":"bjstolp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98576,"text":"sim3102 - 2010 - Mapping watershed potential to contribute phosphorus from geologic materials to receiving streams, southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T08:33:35","indexId":"sim3102","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3102","title":"Mapping watershed potential to contribute phosphorus from geologic materials to receiving streams, southeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p>As part of the southeastern United States SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) water-quality model implementation, the U.S. Geological Survey created a dataset to characterize the contribution of phosphorus to streams from weathering and erosion of surficial geologic materials. SPARROW provides estimates of total nitrogen and phosphorus loads in surface waters from point and nonpoint sources. The characterization of the contribution of phosphorus from geologic materials is important to help separate the effects of natural or background sources of phosphorus from anthropogenic sources of phosphorus, such as municipal wastewater or agricultural practices. The potential of a watershed to contribute phosphorus from naturally occurring geologic materials to streams was characterized by using geochemical data from bed-sediment samples collected from first-order streams in relatively undisturbed watersheds as part of the multiyear U.S. Geological Survey National Geochemical Survey. The spatial pattern of bed-sediment phosphorus concentration is offered as a tool to represent the best available information at the regional scale. One issue may weaken the use of bed-sediment phosphorus concentration as a surrogate for the potential for geologic materials in the watershed to contribute to instream levels of phosphorus-an unknown part of the variability in bed-sediment phosphorus concentration may be due to the rates of net deposition and processing of phosphorus in the streambed rather than to variability in the potential of the watershed's geologic materials to contribute phosphorus to the stream. Two additional datasets were created to represent the potential of a watershed to contribute phosphorus from geologic materials disturbed by mining activities from active mines and&nbsp;<span>inactive mines.</span></p>","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3102","usgsCitation":"Terziotti, S., Hoos, A.B., Harned, D., and Garcia, A., 2010, Mapping watershed potential to contribute phosphorus from geologic materials to receiving streams, southeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3102, 1 Map Sheet: 42 inches x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3102.","productDescription":"1 Map Sheet: 42 inches x 36 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13974,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3102.jpg"}],"scale":"2000000","country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.867044,36.550754],[-75.533012,35.787377],[-75.960069,36.495025],[-75.791637,36.082267],[-76.132005,36.287773],[-76.191715,36.107197],[-76.447812,36.192514],[-76.298733,36.1012],[-76.575936,36.006167],[-76.721445,36.147838],[-76.675462,36.266882],[-76.722996,36.066585],[-76.608052,35.936668],[-76.014685,35.960361],[-76.046813,35.717935],[-75.86042,35.978262],[-75.747225,35.610248],[-76.165392,35.328659],[-76.499251,35.381492],[-76.586349,35.508957],[-76.476706,35.511707],[-76.634468,35.510332],[-76.580187,35.387113],[-77.023912,35.514802],[-76.472273,35.294936],[-76.801426,34.964369],[-76.958465,35.047647],[-76.762931,34.920374],[-76.463468,35.076411],[-76.332044,34.970917],[-76.524712,34.681964],[-76.673619,34.71491],[-76.523303,34.652271],[-76.093349,35.048705],[-76.524199,34.615416],[-76.726969,34.69669],[-77.209161,34.605032],[-77.713322,34.294879],[-77.956881,33.87779],[-78.383964,33.901946],[-78.862931,33.705654],[-79.359961,33.006672],[-79.55756,33.021269],[-80.905378,32.051943],[-80.841913,32.002643],[-81.065255,31.877095],[-81.490586,30.984952],[-81.408484,30.977718],[-81.442564,30.555189],[-81.256711,29.784693],[-80.567361,28.562353],[-80.566432,28.09563],[-80.031362,26.796339],[-80.152896,25.702855],[-80.229107,25.732509],[-80.495341,25.199463],[-81.079859,25.118797],[-81.362272,25.824401],[-81.727086,25.907207],[-81.868983,26.378648],[-82.094748,26.48393],[-82.076349,26.958263],[-82.147068,26.789803],[-82.301736,26.841588],[-82.714521,27.500415],[-82.393383,27.837519],[-82.716522,27.958398],[-82.566819,27.858002],[-82.721622,27.663908],[-82.851126,27.8863],[-82.674787,28.441956],[-82.702618,28.932955],[-82.827073,29.158425],[-83.018212,29.151417],[-83.679219,29.918513],[-84.000716,30.096209],[-85.343619,29.672004],[-85.405052,29.938487],[-86.2987,30.363049],[-88.014572,30.222366],[-87.766626,30.262353],[-88.008396,30.684956],[-88.191542,30.317002],[-89.315067,30.375408],[-89.461275,30.174745],[-89.615856,30.223195],[-89.806182,30.567543],[-89.816429,31.002084],[-91.625118,30.999167],[-91.502783,31.595727],[-91.030706,32.114337],[-91.171046,32.176526],[-90.90072,32.330379],[-91.117308,32.495039],[-91.013723,32.598419],[-91.105704,32.590879],[-91.054481,32.722259],[-91.158336,32.822304],[-91.078904,32.951818],[-91.201842,32.961212],[-91.043624,33.274636],[-91.206807,33.433846],[-91.086758,33.95827],[-90.874541,34.072041],[-90.93268,34.214824],[-90.580677,34.410554],[-90.483969,34.877176],[-90.250095,34.90732],[-90.09061,35.118287],[-90.112504,35.410153],[-89.923161,35.514428],[-89.915491,35.754917],[-89.68182,35.88999],[-89.699677,36.230821],[-89.534507,36.261802],[-89.55264,36.577178],[-89.493495,36.4787],[-89.236542,36.566824],[-89.126134,36.751735],[-89.154504,37.088907],[-88.966831,37.229891],[-88.476127,37.068223],[-88.482612,37.354915],[-88.109417,37.472369],[-88.125033,37.707094],[-87.865558,37.915056],[-87.672397,37.829127],[-87.380247,37.935596],[-87.14195,37.816176],[-86.794985,37.988982],[-86.604624,37.858272],[-86.431749,38.126121],[-86.271802,38.137874],[-86.048458,37.959369],[-85.823764,38.280569],[-85.425787,38.52873],[-85.456978,38.689135],[-84.835672,38.784289],[-84.87805,39.030819],[-84.754449,39.146658],[-84.449793,39.117754],[-84.222059,38.813753],[-83.68552,38.63189],[-83.156926,38.620547],[-82.879492,38.751476],[-82.844306,38.590862],[-82.610458,38.471457],[-82.619429,38.169027],[-82.272021,37.663782],[-81.982479,37.541807],[-81.833406,37.284535],[-81.560625,37.206663],[-81.367052,37.334504],[-81.225104,37.234874],[-80.332038,37.493744],[-79.649075,38.591515],[-79.291813,38.419627],[-79.023053,38.798613],[-78.869276,38.762991],[-78.439429,39.132146],[-78.346718,39.427618],[-77.828157,39.132329],[-77.6059,39.303688],[-77.46021,39.228359],[-77.47701,39.100331],[-77.058254,38.880069],[-77.286202,38.347025],[-77.024866,38.386791],[-76.910832,38.197073],[-76.265998,37.91138],[-76.339892,37.655966],[-76.722156,37.83668],[-76.252415,37.447274],[-76.475927,37.250543],[-76.300352,37.00885],[-76.780532,37.209336],[-76.482407,36.917364],[-76.058154,36.916947],[-75.867044,36.550754]]],[[[-81.582923,24.658732],[-81.451267,24.747464],[-81.298028,24.656774],[-81.765993,24.552103],[-81.582923,24.658732]]],[[[-84.777208,29.707398],[-84.696726,29.76993],[-85.036219,29.588919],[-84.777208,29.707398]]],[[[-82.255777,26.703437],[-82.038403,26.456907],[-82.186441,26.489221],[-82.255777,26.703437]]],[[[-80.250581,25.34193],[-80.611693,24.93842],[-80.192336,25.473331],[-80.250581,25.34193]]],[[[-75.753765,35.199612],[-75.523952,35.318198],[-75.533512,35.773577],[-75.52592,35.233839],[-75.982812,35.081513],[-75.753765,35.199612]]],[[[-75.242266,38.027209],[-75.962596,37.117535],[-75.981624,37.434116],[-75.712065,37.936082],[-75.242266,38.027209]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Alabama\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terziotti, Silvia 0000-0003-3559-5844 seterzio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-5844","contributorId":1613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"Silvia","email":"seterzio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoos, Anne B. abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harned, Douglas","contributorId":11195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garcia, Ana Maria 0000-0002-5388-1281","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-1281","contributorId":44634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Ana Maria","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98568,"text":"sir20105029 - 2010 - Concentrations and estimated loads of nutrients, mercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls in selected tributaries to Lake Michigan, 2005-6","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20105029","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5029","title":"Concentrations and estimated loads of nutrients, mercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls in selected tributaries to Lake Michigan, 2005-6","docAbstract":"The Lake Michigan Mass Balance Project (LMMBP) measured and modeled the concentrations of environmentally persistent contaminants in air, river and lake water, sediment, and fish and bird tissues in and around Lake Michigan for an 18-month period spanning 1994-95. Tributary loads were calculated as part of the LMMBP. The work described in this report was designed to provide updated concentration data and load estimates for 5 nutrients, total mercury, and total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) at 5 of the original 11 LMMBP sampling sites.\r\n\r\nSamples were collected at five Lake Michigan tributary monitoring sites during 2005 and 2006. Annual loads calculated for the 2005-6 sampling period are as much as 50 percent lower relative to the 1994-95 time period. Differences between the loads calculated for the two time periods are likely related to a combination of (1) biases introduced by a reduced level of sampling effort, (2) differences in hydrological characteristics, and (3) actual environmental change.\r\n\r\nEstimated annual total mercury loads during 2005-6 ranged from 51 kilograms per year (kg/yr) in the Fox River to 2.2 kg/yr in the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal. Estimated annual total PCB loads during 2005-6 ranged from 132 kg/yr in the Fox River to 6.2 kg/yr in the Grand River.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes National Program Office","usgsCitation":"Westenbroek, S.M., 2010, Concentrations and estimated loads of nutrients, mercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls in selected tributaries to Lake Michigan, 2005-6: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5029, viii, 28 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105029.","productDescription":"viii, 28 p.; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5029.jpg"},{"id":13965,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5029/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91,41 ], [ -91,47 ], [ -83.83333333333333,47 ], [ -83.83333333333333,41 ], [ -91,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a620b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westenbroek, Stephen M. 0000-0002-6284-8643 smwesten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6284-8643","contributorId":2210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"Stephen","email":"smwesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98574,"text":"ofr20101134 - 2010 - West Florida Shelf: A natural laboratory for the study of ocean acidificiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:56","indexId":"ofr20101134","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1134","title":"West Florida Shelf: A natural laboratory for the study of ocean acidificiation","docAbstract":"Declining oceanic pH and carbonate-ion concentrations are well-known consequences of increased atmospheric and surface-ocean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). The possible subject of shifts in seawater carbonate chemistry on biocalcification and survival rates of marine organisms provides questions amenable to both experimental and field study (Kleypas and Langdon, 2006). To date, limited quantitative data exist with which to formalize and test hypotheses regarding such impacts, particularly in continental-shelf settings. The continental shelves of Florida provide an ideal natural laboratory in which to test latitudinal (and temperature and depth) shifts in habitat ranges of calcifying organisms. Both the east and west Florida shelves extend from warm temperate to subtropical latitudes; additionally, the west Florida shelf has very little siliciclastic influx to mask the carbonate production. \r\n\r\nThis study utilizes the natural laboratory of the west and southwest Florida shelf (fig 1.1) to examine the transition from foramol (predominately foraminifera and molluscan) carbonate sediments, characteristic of the west-central Florida shelf, to chlorozoan (algal and coral) sediments characteristic of the southwest Florida shelf.\r\n\r\nThe west Florida shelf is a mixed siliciclastic carbonate ramp that to the south transitions to the carbonate-dominated southwest Florida shelf (Enos, 1977; Brooks and others, 2003). The west Florida shelf is a distally steepened carbonate ramp that is ~250 kilometers (km) wide (Read, 1985). It is covered by a veneer of unconsolidated sediment consisting of mainly biogenic carbonate and quartz in the near shore, with subordinate amounts of phosphate. The sediment-distribution pattern is largely a function of proximity to source, with physical processes playing a minor role in distribution. The carbonate sand-and-gravel fraction is produced by organisms within the depositional basin of the west Florida shelf (Brooks and others, 2003). The southwest Florida shelf is a rimmed carbonate margin where organisms produce virtually all of the substrate; it also exhibits a greater sediment thickness as compared to the west Florida shelf (Enos, 1977). \r\n\r\nTemperature, which is usually associated with latitude, plays a major role in locations of foramol versus chlorozoan assemblages, but other factors beyond latitude influence temperature on the west and southwest Florida shelves. The potential of cooler, deep-water upwelling and transport over the bottom waters of the shelf may have a significant role in the species assemblage at the sediment/water interface and ultimately on location of foramol versus chlorozoan production. Deep water transported onto and over the shelf may also have environmental ramifications beyond temperature by bringing in water of different chemistry. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101134","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with\r\nCoastal and Marine Geology Program","usgsCitation":"Hallock, P., Robbins, L.L., Larson, R.A., Beck, T., Schwing, P., Martinez-Colon, M., and Gooch, B., 2010, West Florida Shelf: A natural laboratory for the study of ocean acidificiation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1134, viii, 36 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101134.","productDescription":"viii, 36 p.; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13971,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84,25 ], [ -84,28 ], [ -81,28 ], [ -81,25 ], [ -84,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfe10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hallock, Pamela","contributorId":59536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallock","given":"Pamela","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, Rebekka A.","contributorId":24890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"Rebekka","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beck, Tanya","contributorId":99669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Tanya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwing, Patrick","contributorId":37852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwing","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martinez-Colon, Michael","contributorId":28337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez-Colon","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gooch, Brad","contributorId":12594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooch","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":98569,"text":"sir20105119 - 2010 - Nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20105119","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5119","title":"Nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-09","docAbstract":"The city of Tulsa, Oklahoma, uses Lake Eucha and Spavinaw Lake in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin in northwestern Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma for public water supply. The city has spent millions of dollars over the last decade to eliminate taste and odor problems in the drinking water from the Eucha-Spavinaw system, which may be attributable to blue-green algae. Increases in the algal biomass in the lakes may be attributable to increases in nutrient concentrations in the lakes and in the waters feeding the lakes. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Tulsa, investigated and summarized total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in water samples and provided estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus loads, yields, and flow-weighted concentrations during base flow and runoff for two streams discharging to Lake Eucha for the period January 2002 through December 2009. This report updates a previous report that used data from water-quality samples collected from January 2002 through December 2006.\r\n\r\nBased on the results from the Mann-Whitney statistical test, unfiltered total nitrogen concentrations were significantly greater in runoff water samples than in base-flow water samples collected from Spavinaw Creek near Maysville and near Cherokee City, Arkansas; Spavinaw Creek near Colcord, Oklahoma, and Beaty Creek near Jay, Oklahoma. Nitrogen concentrations in runoff water samples collected from all stations generally increased with increasing streamflow.\r\n\r\nNitrogen concentrations in base-flow and runoff water samples collected in Spavinaw Creek significantly increased from the station furthest upstream (near Maysville) to the Sycamore station and then significantly decreased from the Sycamore station to the station furthest downstream (near Colcord). Nitrogen concentrations in base-flow and runoff water samples collected from Beaty Creek were significantly less than base-flow and runoff water samples collected from Spavinaw Creek.\r\n\r\nBased on the results from the Mann-Whitney statistical test, unfiltered total phosphorus concentrations were significantly greater in runoff water samples than in base-flow water samples for the entire period for most stations, except in water samples collected from Spavinaw Creek near Cherokee City, in which no significant difference was detected for the entire period nor for any season. Phosphorus concentrations in runoff water samples collected from all stations generally increased with increasing streamflow.\r\n\r\nBased on results from a multi-stage Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, phosphorus concentrations in base-flow water samples collected from Spavinaw Creek significantly increased from the Maysville station to the Cherokee City station, probably because of discharge from a municipal wastewater-treatment plant between those stations. Phosphorus concentrations significantly decreased downstream from the Cherokee City station to the Colcord station. Phosphorus concentrations in base-flow water samples collected from Beaty Creek were significantly less than phosphorus in base-flow water samples collected from Spavinaw Creek downstream from the Maysville station.\r\n\r\nView report for unabridged abstract.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105119","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Tulsa, Oklahoma","usgsCitation":"Esralew, R.A., and Tortorelli, R.L., 2010, Nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5119, vi, 40 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105119.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5119.jpg"},{"id":13966,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.25,36 ], [ -95.25,36.5 ], [ -94.25,36.5 ], [ -94.25,36 ], [ -95.25,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7ecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esralew, Rachel A.","contributorId":104862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esralew","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98565,"text":"sir20105062 - 2010 - Effects of including surface depressions in the application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System in the Upper Flint River Basin, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:33:57","indexId":"sir20105062","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5062","title":"Effects of including surface depressions in the application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System in the Upper Flint River Basin, Georgia","docAbstract":"This report documents an extension of the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System that accounts for the effect of a large number of water-holding depressions in the land surface on the hydrologic response of a basin. Several techniques for developing the inputs needed by this extension also are presented. These techniques include the delineation of the surface depressions, the generation of volume estimates for the surface depressions, and the derivation of model parameters required to describe these surface depressions. This extension is valuable for applications in basins where surface depressions are too small or numerous to conveniently model as discrete spatial units, but where the aggregated storage capacity of these units is large enough to have a substantial effect on streamflow. In addition, this report documents several new model concepts that were evaluated in conjunction with the depression storage functionality, including: ?hydrologically effective? imperviousness, rates of hydraulic conductivity, and daily streamflow routing.\r\n\r\nAll of these techniques are demonstrated as part of an application in the Upper Flint River Basin, Georgia. Simulated solar radiation, potential evapotranspiration, and water balances match observations well, with small errors for the first two simulated data in June and August because of differences in temperatures from the calibration and evaluation periods for those months. Daily runoff simulations show increasing accuracy with streamflow and a good fit overall. Including surface depression storage in the model has the effect of decreasing daily streamflow for all but the lowest flow values. The report discusses the choices and resultant effects involved in delineating and parameterizing these features. The remaining enhancements to the model and its application provide a more realistic description of basin geography and hydrology that serve to constrain the calibration process to more physically realistic parameter values.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105062","usgsCitation":"Viger, R., Hay, L.E., Jones, J., and Buell, G.R., 2010, Effects of including surface depressions in the application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System in the Upper Flint River Basin, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5062, viii, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105062.","productDescription":"viii, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5062.jpg"},{"id":13962,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Upper Flint River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85,30.5 ], [ -85,34 ], [ -83.5,34 ], [ -83.5,30.5 ], [ -85,30.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611e7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Viger, Roland J.","contributorId":97528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buell, Gary R. grbuell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buell","given":"Gary","email":"grbuell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98564,"text":"sir20105106 - 2010 - Determination of baseline periods of record for selected streamflow-gaging stations in and near Oklahoma for use in modeling applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:11","indexId":"sir20105106","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5106","title":"Determination of baseline periods of record for selected streamflow-gaging stations in and near Oklahoma for use in modeling applications","docAbstract":"Use of historical streamflow data from a least-altered period of record can be used in calibration of various modeling applications that are used to characterize least-altered flow and predict the effects of proposed streamflow alteration. This information can be used to enhance water-resources planning. A baseline period of record was determined for selected streamflow-gaging stations that can be used as a calibration dataset for modeling applications. The baseline period of record was defined as a period that is least-altered by anthropogenic activity and has sufficient streamflow record length to represent extreme climate variability. Streamflow data from 171 stations in and near Oklahoma with a minimum of 10 complete water years of daily streamflow record through water year 2007 and drainage areas that were less than 2,500 square miles were considered for use in the baseline period analysis.\r\n\r\nThe first step to determine the least-altered period of record was to evaluate station information by using previous publications, historical station record notes, and information gathered from oral and written communication with hydrographers familiar with selected stations. The second step was to indentify stations that had substantial effects from upstream regulation by evaluating the location and extent of dams in the drainage basin. The third step was (a) the analysis of annual hydrographs and included visual hydrograph analysis for selected stations with 20 or more years of streamflow record, (b) analysis of covariance of double-mass curves, and (c) Kendall's tau trend analysis to detect statistically significant trends in base flow, runoff, total flow, and base-flow index related to anthropogenic activity for selected stations with 15 or more years of streamflow record.\r\n\r\nA preliminary least-altered period of record for each stream was identified by removing the period of streamflow record when streams were substantially affected by anthropogenic activity. After streamflow record was removed from designation as a least-altered period, stations that did not have at least 10 years of remaining continuous streamflow record were considered to have an insufficient baseline period for modeling applications.\r\n\r\nAn optimum minimum period of record was determined for each of the least-altered periods for each station to ensure a sufficient streamflow record length to provide a representative sample of annual climate variability. An optimum minimum period of 10 years or more was evaluated by analyzing the variability of annual precipitation for selected 5-, 10-, 15-, 25-, and 35-year periods for each of 20 climate divisions that contained stations used in the baseline period analysis. The distribution of annual precipitation was compared for each consecutive overlapping 5-year period to the period 1925-2007 by using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The least-altered period of record for stations was also compared to the period 1925-2007 by using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The results of this analysis were used to determine how many years of annual precipitation data were needed for the selected period to be statistically similar to the distribution of annual precipitation data for a long-term period, 1925-2007. Minimum optimum periods ranged from 10 to 35 years and varied by climate division. A final baseline period was determined for 111 stations that had a baseline period of at least 10 years of continuous streamflow record after the record-elimination process. A suitable baseline period of record for use in modeling applications could not be identified for 58 of the initial 171 stations because of substantial anthropogenic alteration of the stream or drainage basin and for 2 stations because the least-altered period of record was not representative of annual climate variability. The baseline period for each station was rated ?excellent?, ?good?, ?fair?, ?poor?, or ?no baseline period.? This rating was based on a qualitative evaluation of t","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma State University and the Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Esralew, R.A., 2010, Determination of baseline periods of record for selected streamflow-gaging stations in and near Oklahoma for use in modeling applications: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5106, v, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105106.","productDescription":"v, 64 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5106.jpg"},{"id":13961,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5106/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Projection","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,30 ], [ -104,37 ], [ -94,37 ], [ -94,30 ], [ -104,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esralew, Rachel A.","contributorId":104862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esralew","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98562,"text":"ds519 - 2010 - Water-level database update for the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system, Nevada and California, 1907-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"ds519","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"519","title":"Water-level database update for the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system, Nevada and California, 1907-2007","docAbstract":"The water-level database for the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system in Nevada and California was updated. The database includes more than 54,000 water levels collected from 1907 to 2007, from more than 1,800 wells. Water levels were assigned a primary flag and multiple secondary flags that describe hydrologic conditions and trends at the time of the measurement and identify pertinent information about the well or water-level measurement. The flags provide a subjective measure of the relative accuracy of the measurements and are used to identify which water levels are appropriate for calculating head observations in a regional transient groundwater flow model. Included in the report appendix are all water-level data and their flags, selected well data, and an interactive spreadsheet for viewing hydrographs and well locations. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds519","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Department of Energy Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, under Interagency Agreement DE-AI08-02RW12167, and the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Pavelko, M.T., 2010, Water-level database update for the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system, Nevada and California, 1907-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 519, iv, 11 p.; Appendices; Downloadable Appendix A XLSX , https://doi.org/10.3133/ds519.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.; Appendices; Downloadable Appendix A XLSX ","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":173829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13959,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/519/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,35 ], [ -118,38 ], [ -114.66666666666667,38 ], [ -114.66666666666667,35 ], [ -118,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ace4b07f02db5c687a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavelko, Michael T. 0000-0002-8323-3998 mpavelko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-3998","contributorId":2321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavelko","given":"Michael","email":"mpavelko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98566,"text":"ofr20101157 - 2010 - Lead isotope database of unpublished results from sulfide mineral occurrences — California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T22:16:00.532826","indexId":"ofr20101157","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1157","title":"Lead isotope database of unpublished results from sulfide mineral occurrences — California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington","docAbstract":"The Pb isotope database for sulfide deposits and occurrences in the Western United States was funded by the Mineral Resources Program, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Reports on Pb isotope data from Alaska were published in Church and others (1987a) and Gaccetta and Church (1989). The primary objectives of the project were three-fold:\r\n\r\n* To utilize Pb isotope signatures, in conjunction with the regional mapping, to assess the relative ages and to categorize the types of deposits studied,\r\n* To relate the Pb isotope and trace-element geochemical signatures of specific deposits and occurrences to ore-forming processes, and\r\n* To use the Pb isotope data to correlate lithotectonic terranes within the northern Cordillera.\r\n\r\nThe report by Church and others (1987b) shows how this fingerprinting methodology can be applied to trace the offset of lithostratigraphic terranes","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101157","usgsCitation":"Church, S.E., 2010, Lead isotope database of unpublished results from sulfide mineral occurrences — California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1157, iii, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101157.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1157.jpg"},{"id":13963,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1157/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394288,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93793.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.6097,\n              37.106\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.0292,\n              37.106\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.0292,\n              49.5806\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.6097,\n              49.5806\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.6097,\n              37.106\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a868f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98567,"text":"ofr20101007 - 2010 - Sea-floor geology and character offshore of Rocky Point, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:56","indexId":"ofr20101007","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1007","title":"Sea-floor geology and character offshore of Rocky Point, New York","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have been working cooperatively to interpret surficial sea-floor geology along the coast of the Northeastern United States. NOAA survey H11445 in eastern Long Island Sound, offshore of Plum Island, New York, covers an area of about 12 square kilometers. Multibeam bathymetry and sidescan-sonar imagery from the survey, as well as sediment and photographic data from 13 stations occupied during a USGS verification cruise are used to delineate sea-floor features and characterize the environment. Bathymetry gradually deepens offshore to over 100 meters in a depression in the northwest part of the study area and reaches 60 meters in Plum Gut, a channel between Plum Island and Orient Point. Sand waves are present on a shoal north of Plum Island and in several smaller areas around the basin. Sand-wave asymmetry indicates that counter-clockwise net sediment transport maintains the shoal. Sand is prevalent where there is low backscatter in the sidescan-sonar imagery. Gravel and boulder areas are submerged lag deposits produced from the Harbor Hill-Orient Point-Fishers Island moraine segment and are found adjacent to the shorelines and just north of Plum Island, where high backscatter is present in the sidescan-sonar imagery.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101007","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., McMullen, K., Ackerman, S., Blackwood, D., Irwin, B., Schaer, J., Lewit, P., and Doran, E.F., 2010, Sea-floor geology and character offshore of Rocky Point, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1007, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101007.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1007.jpg"},{"id":13964,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1007/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-72.40690224582102, 41.142948630001456], [-72.395993961992, 41.147960260392644], [-72.31996431100045, 41.16068230563835], [-72.31960476191205, 41.142815712185495], [-72.32077329644937, 41.14038875583865], [-72.33203916788705, 41.13886067221283], [-72.3399073004389, 41.14185691461653], [-72.3537799027676, 41.14068838007893], [-72.35732445753109, 41.13315582667644], [-72.36338585591352, 41.12559031460716], [-72.3825797847511, 41.11528324073878], [-72.38632508775568, 41.10666305134361], [-72.39036102627324, 41.102570430525745], [-72.39854076803518, 41.10511723656879], [-72.40426010998664, 41.10342668147886], [-72.40804441912451, 41.10672935127202], [-72.40874623645544, 41.124261023422974], [-72.40690224582102, 41.142948630001456]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-72.40874623645544, 41.102570430525745, -72.31960476191205, 41.16068230563835], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091915\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc53d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMullen, K.Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, S.D.","contributorId":88843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackwood, D.S.","contributorId":98747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Irwin, B.J.","contributorId":105684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schaer, J.D.","contributorId":31082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaer","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lewit, P.G.","contributorId":76028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewit","given":"P.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Doran, E. F.","contributorId":31066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":98561,"text":"sir20105049 - 2010 - Simulation of the shallow groundwater-flow system near the Hayward Airport, Sawyer County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20105049","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5049","title":"Simulation of the shallow groundwater-flow system near the Hayward Airport, Sawyer County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"There are concerns that removal and trimming of vegetation during expansion of the Hayward Airport in Sawyer County, Wisconsin, could appreciably change the character of a nearby cold-water stream and its adjacent environs. In cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, a two-dimensional, steady-state groundwater-flow model of the shallow groundwater-flow system near the Hayward Airport was refined from a regional model of the area. The parameter-estimation code PEST was used to obtain a best fit of the model to additional field data collected in February 2007 as part of this study. The additional data were collected during an extended period of low runoff and consisted of water levels and streamflows near the Hayward Airport. Refinements to the regional model included one additional hydraulic-conductivity zone for the airport area, and three additional parameters for streambed resistance in a northern tributary to the Namekagon River and in the main stem of the Namekagon River. In the refined Hayward Airport area model, the calibrated hydraulic conductivity was 11.2 feet per day, which is within the 58.2 to 7.9 feet per day range reported for the regional glacial and sandstone aquifer, and is consistent with a silty soil texture for the area. The calibrated refined model had a best fit of 8.6 days for the streambed resistance of the Namekagon River and between 0.6 and 1.6 days for the northern tributary stream. The previously reported regional groundwater-recharge rate of 10.1 inches per year was adjusted during calibration of the refined model in order to match streamflows measured during the period of extended low runoff; this resulted in an optimal groundwater-recharge rate of 7.1 inches per year during this period. The refined model was then used to simulate the capture zone of the northern tributary to the Namekagon River.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105049","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Juckem, P.F., and Dunning, C., 2010, Simulation of the shallow groundwater-flow system near the Hayward Airport, Sawyer County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5049, iv, 14 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105049.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5049.jpg"},{"id":13958,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.5,45.95 ], [ -91.5,46.083333333333336 ], [ -91.33333333333333,46.083333333333336 ], [ -91.33333333333333,45.95 ], [ -91.5,45.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1d1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juckem, Paul F. 0000-0002-3613-1761 pfjuckem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-1761","contributorId":1905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"Paul","email":"pfjuckem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunning, Charles P. cdunning@usgs.gov","contributorId":892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"Charles P.","email":"cdunning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98556,"text":"ofr20101112 - 2010 - Evaluating the feasibility of modeling the subsurface structure of two volcanic units in drill holes UE-18r and ER-EC-2a using existing magnetic data, Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-12T20:34:33.499435","indexId":"ofr20101112","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1112","title":"Evaluating the feasibility of modeling the subsurface structure of two volcanic units in drill holes UE-18r and ER-EC-2a using existing magnetic data, Nevada Test Site","docAbstract":"The magnetic properties of two volcanic units encountered in two drill holes, ER-EC-2a and UE18r, located in the vicinity of the Nevada Test Site, were investigated to determine if the units were significantly more magnetic than overlying units and, thus, detectable by using aeromagnetic data. Magnetic-susceptibility measurements were made on cuttings from the drill holes and were combined with published data on remanent magnetism to generate two-dimensional magnetic models, based on an interpreted geologic cross-section. The resulting magnetic anomaly calculated from the models was compared with the observed aeromagnetic anomaly and was found to differ significantly from it. Furthermore, the calculated magnetic anomalies were found to be relatively insensitive to changes in the two units of interest.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101112","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G.A., 2010, Evaluating the feasibility of modeling the subsurface structure of two volcanic units in drill holes UE-18r and ER-EC-2a using existing magnetic data, Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1112, iii, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101112.","productDescription":"iii, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1112.jpg"},{"id":390443,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93796.htm"},{"id":13951,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1112/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Nevada Test Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.6583,\n              37.0803\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.325,\n              37.0803\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.325,\n              37.2486\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6583,\n              37.2486\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6583,\n              37.0803\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f871b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G. A.","contributorId":67107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98555,"text":"sim1309 - 2010 - Surficial geologic map of the Amboy 30' x 60' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:56","indexId":"sim1309","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1309","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Amboy 30' x 60' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The surficial geologic map of the Amboy 30' x 60' quadrangle presents characteristics of surficial materials for an area of approximately 5,000 km2 in the eastern Mojave Desert of southern California. This map consists of new surficial mapping conducted between 2000 and 2007, as well as compilations from previous surficial mapping. Surficial geologic units are mapped and described based on depositional process and age categories that reflect the mode of deposition, pedogenic effects following deposition, and, where appropriate, the lithologic nature of the material. Many physical properties were noted and measured during the geologic mapping. This information was used to classify surficial deposits and to understand their ecological importance. We focus on physical properties that drive hydrologic, biologic, and physical processes such as particle-size distribution (PSD) and bulk density. The database contains point data representing locations of samples for both laboratory determined physical properties and semiquantitative field-based information in the database. We include the locations of all field observations and note the type of information collected in the field to help assist in assessing the quality of the mapping. The publication is separated into three parts: documentation, spatial data, and printable map graphics of the database. Documentation includes this pamphlet, which provides a discussion of the surficial geology and units and the map. Spatial data are distributed as ArcGIS Geodatabase in Microsoft Access format and are accompanied by a readme file, which describes the database contents, and FGDC metadata for the spatial map information. Map graphics files are distributed as Postscript and Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) files that provide a view of the spatial database at the mapped scale. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim1309","usgsCitation":"Bedford, D., Miller, D., and Phelps, G., 2010, Surficial geologic map of the Amboy 30' x 60' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 1309, Pamphlet: iv, 26 p.; Map Sheet: 56.00 x 30.00 inches; Readme TXT; Metadata TXT; Data Zip, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim1309.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 26 p.; Map Sheet: 56.00 x 30.00 inches; Readme TXT; Metadata TXT; Data Zip","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13950,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,34.5 ], [ -116,35 ], [ -115,35 ], [ -115,34.5 ], [ -116,34.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68906d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedford, David R.","contributorId":26352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phelps, Geoffrey A.","contributorId":17262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoffrey A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98553,"text":"sir20105070A - 2010 - A deposit model for Mississippi Valley-Type lead-zinc ores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-10T20:54:08.896952","indexId":"sir20105070A","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5070","chapter":"A","title":"A deposit model for Mississippi Valley-Type lead-zinc ores","docAbstract":"<p>This report is a descriptive model of Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) lead-zinc deposits that presents their geological, mineralogical and geochemical attributes and is part of an effort by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program to update existing models and develop new models that will be used for an upcoming national mineral resource assessment. This deposit modeling effort by the USGS is intended to supplement previously published models for use in mineral-resource and mineral-environmental assessments. Included in this report are geological, geophysical and geochemical assessment guides to assist in mineral resource estimation. The deposit attributes, including grade and tonnage of the deposits described in this report are based on a new mineral deposits data set of all known MVT deposits in the world.</p>\n<p>Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) lead-zinc deposits are found throughout the world but the largest, and more intensely researched deposits occur in North America. The ores consist mainly of sphalerite, galena, and generally lesser amounts of iron sulfides. Silver is commonly an important commodity, whereas Cu is generally low, but is economically important in some deposits. Gangue minerals may include carbonates (dolomite, siderite, ankerite, calcite), and typically minor barite. Silicification of the host rocks (or quartz gangue) is generally minor, but may be abundant in a few deposits. The deposits have a broad range of relationships with their host rocks that includes stratabound, and discordant ores; in some deposits, stratiform and vein ore are important.</p>\n<p>The most important characteristics of MVT ore deposits are that they are hosted mainly by dolostone and limestone in platform carbonate sequences and usually located at flanks of basins, orogenic forelands, or foreland thrust belts inboard of the clastic rock-dominated passive margin sequences. They have no spatial or temporal relation to igneous rocks, which distinguishes them from skarn or other intrusive rock-related Pb-Zn ores. Abundant evidence has shown that the ore fluids were derived mainly from evaporated seawater and were driven within platform carbonates by large-scale tectonic events.</p>\n<p>MVT deposits formed mainly during the Phanerozoic with more than 80 percent of the deposits hosted in Phanerozoic rocks and less than 20 percent in Precambrian rocks. Phanerozoic-hosted MVT deposits also account for 94 percent of total MVT ore, and 93 percent of total MVT lead and zinc metal. Many MVT deposits formed during Devonian to Permian time, corresponding to a series of intense tectonic events during assimilation of Pangea. The second most important period for MVT deposit genesis was Cretaceous to Tertiary time when microplate assimilation affected the western margin of North America and Africa-Eurasia.</p>\n<p>Many subtypes or alternative classifications have been applied to MVT deposits. These alternative classifications reflect geographic and or specific geological features that some workers believe set them apart as unique (for example, Appalachian-, Alpine-, Reocin-, Irish-, Viburnum trend-types). However, we do not consider these alternative classifications or sub-types to be sufficiently different to warrant using them.</p>\n<p>This report also describes the geoenvironmental characteristic of MVT deposits. The response of MVT ores in the supergene environment is buffered by their placement in carbonate host rocks which commonly results in near-neutral associated drainage water. The geoenvironmental features and anthropogenic mining effects presented in this report illustrates this important environmental aspect of MVT deposits which separates them from other deposit types (especially coal, VHMS, Cu-porphyry, SEDEX, acid-sulfate polymetallic vein).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral deposit models for resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105070A","usgsCitation":"Leach, D.L., Taylor, R.D., Fey, D.L., Diehl, S.F., and Saltus, R.W., 2010, A deposit model for Mississippi Valley-Type lead-zinc ores: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070, viii, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105070A.","productDescription":"viii, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311537,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/a/pdf/SIR10-5070A.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":116033,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5070_a.jpg"},{"id":13948,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395810,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93789.htm"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aede5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leach, David L.","contributorId":83902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Ryan D. 0000-0002-8845-5290 rtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-5290","contributorId":3412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Ryan","email":"rtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diehl, Sharon F. diehl@usgs.gov","contributorId":1089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Sharon","email":"diehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saltus, Richard W. saltus@usgs.gov","contributorId":777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"Richard","email":"saltus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98557,"text":"ofr20101137 - 2010 - Effects of Glen Canyon Dam discharges on water velocity and temperatures at the confluence of the Colorado and Little Colorado Rivers and implications for habitat for young-of-year humpback chub (Gila cypha)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T20:50:03.114755","indexId":"ofr20101137","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1137","displayTitle":"Effects of Glen Canyon Dam discharges on water velocity and temperatures at the confluence of the Colorado and Little Colorado Rivers and implications for habitat for young-of-year humpback chub (<i>Gila cypha</i>)","title":"Effects of Glen Canyon Dam discharges on water velocity and temperatures at the confluence of the Colorado and Little Colorado Rivers and implications for habitat for young-of-year humpback chub (Gila cypha)","docAbstract":"Water velocity and temperature are physical variables that affect the growth and survivorship of young-of-year (YOY) fishes. The Little Colorado River, a tributary to the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, is an important spawning ground and warmwater refuge for the endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha) from the colder mainstem Colorado River that is regulated by Glen Canyon Dam. The confluence area of the Little Colorado River and the Colorado River is a site where YOY humpback chub (size 30-90 mm) emerging from the Little Colorado River experience both colder temperatures and higher velocities associated with higher mainstem discharge. We used detailed surveying and mapping techniques in combination with YOY velocity and temperature preferenda (determined from field and lab studies) to compare the areal extent of available habitat for young fishes at the confluence area under four mainstem discharges (227, 368, 504, and 878 m3/s). Comparisons revealed that the areal extent of low-velocity, warm water at the confluence decreased when discharges exceeded 368 m3/s. Furthermore, mainstem fluctuations, depending on the rate of upramp, can affect velocity and temperature dynamics in the confluence area within several hours. The amount of daily fluctuations in discharge can result in the loss of approximately 1.8 hectares of habitat favorable to YOY humpback chub. Consequently, flow fluctuations and the accompanying changes in velocity and temperature at the confluence may diminish the recruitment potential of humpback chub that spawn in the tributary stream. This study illustrates the utility of multiple georeferenced data sources to provide critical information related to the influence of the timing and magnitude of discharge from Glen Canyon Dam on potential rearing environment at the confluence area of the Little Colorado River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101137","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Shephard?Wesnitzer, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Protiva, F.R., Ralston, B., Stone, D.M., Kohl, K., Yard, M., and Haden, G.A., 2010, Effects of Glen Canyon Dam discharges on water velocity and temperatures at the confluence of the Colorado and Little Colorado Rivers and implications for habitat for young-of-year humpback chub (Gila cypha): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1137, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101137.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1137.jpg"},{"id":395182,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93797.htm"},{"id":13952,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1137/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"confluence of the Colorado and Little Colorado Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.8418502807617,\n              36.15700384567333\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.7580795288086,\n              36.15700384567333\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.7580795288086,\n              36.223780559967814\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.8418502807617,\n              36.223780559967814\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.8418502807617,\n              36.15700384567333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625157","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Protiva, Frank R.","contributorId":92773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Protiva","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ralston, Barbara E.","contributorId":89848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralston","given":"Barbara E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, Dennis M.","contributorId":58237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":305728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kohl, Keith A.","contributorId":107009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohl","given":"Keith A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yard, Michael D. 0000-0002-6580-6027","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-6027","contributorId":8577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yard","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haden, G. Allen","contributorId":13334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haden","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":98558,"text":"ofr20101148 - 2010 - Fort Collins Science Center-Fiscal year 2009 science accomplishments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"ofr20101148","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1148","title":"Fort Collins Science Center-Fiscal year 2009 science accomplishments","docAbstract":"Public land and natural resource managers in the United States are confronted with increasingly complex decisions that have important ramifications for both ecological and human systems. The scientists and technical professionals at the U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center?many of whom are at the forefront of their fields?possess a unique blend of ecological, socioeconomic, and technological expertise. Because of this diverse talent, Fort Collins Science Center staff are able to apply a systems approach to investigating complicated ecological problems in a way that helps answer critical management questions. In addition, the Fort Collins Science Center has a long record of working closely with the academic community through cooperative agreements and other collaborations. The Fort Collins Science Center is deeply engaged with other U.S. Geological Survey science centers and partners throughout the Department of the Interior. As a regular practice, we incorporate the expertise of these partners in providing a full complement of ?the right people? to effectively tackle the multifaceted research problems of today's resource-management world.\r\n\r\nIn Fiscal Year 2009, the Fort Collins Science Center's scientific and technical professionals continued research vital to Department of the Interior's science and management needs. Fort Collins Science Center work also supported the science needs of other Federal and State agencies as well as non-government organizations. Specifically, Fort Collins Science Center research and technical assistance focused on client and partner needs and goals in the areas of biological information management and delivery, enterprise information, fisheries and aquatic systems, invasive species, status and trends of biological resources (including human dimensions), terrestrial ecosystems, and wildlife resources. In the process, Fort Collins Science Center science addressed natural-science information needs identified in the U.S. Geological Survey Science Strategy (http://www.usgs.gov/science_strategy), including understanding and predicting change in ecosystems, climate variability and change, energy development and land management, the role of the environment and wildlife in human health, freshwater ecosystems, data integration, and evolving technologies. Several science projects were expanded in Fiscal Year 2009 to meet these evolving needs. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101148","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J.T., 2010, Fort Collins Science Center-Fiscal year 2009 science accomplishments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1148, iv, 25 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101148.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1148.jpg"},{"id":13953,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1148/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,36 ], [ -96,42 ], [ -89,42 ], [ -89,36 ], [ -96,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48efe4b07f02db5586f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Juliette T. (compiler)","contributorId":20844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Juliette","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98552,"text":"ofr20101115 - 2010 - Grassland birds wintering at U.S. Navy facilities in southern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T16:30:14","indexId":"ofr20101115","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1115","title":"Grassland birds wintering at U.S. Navy facilities in southern Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Grassland birds have undergone widespread decline throughout North America during the past several decades. Causes of this decline include habitat loss and fragmentation because of conversion of grasslands to cropland, afforestation in the East, brush and shrub invasion in the Southwest and western United States, and planting of exotic grass species to enhance forage production. A large number of exotic plant species, including grasses, have been introduced in North America, but most research on the effects of these invasions on birds has been limited to breeding birds, primarily those in northern latitudes. Research on the effects of exotic grasses on birds in winter has been extremely limited.</p><p>This is the first study in southern Texas to examine and compare winter bird responses to native and exotic grasslands. This study was conducted during a period of six years (2003–2009) on United States Navy facilities in southern Texas including Naval Air Station–Corpus Christi, Naval Air Station–Kingsville, Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Waldron, Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Orange Grove, and Escondido Ranch, all of which contained examples of native grasslands, exotic grasslands, or both. Data from native and exotic grasslands were collected and compared for bird abundance and diversity; ground cover, vegetation density, and floristic diversity; bird and vegetation relationships; diversity of insects and arachnids; and seed abundance and diversity. Effects of management treatments in exotic grasslands were evaluated by comparing numbers and diversity of birds and small mammals in mowed, burned, and control areas.</p><p>To determine bird abundance and bird species richness, birds were surveyed monthly (December–February) during the winters of 2003–2008 in transects (100 meter × 20 meter) located in native and exotic grasslands distributed at all five U.S. Navy facilities. To compare vegetation in native and exotic grasslands, vegetation characteristics were measured during 2003–2008 in the same transects used for bird surveys and included five measures of ground cover, plus estimates of plant species richness, vegetation density (visual obstruction) at two different heights, and shrub numbers. These data, plus seasonal rainfall, were then used to evaluate components of variation in native and exotic grasslands. Relations between total bird numbers and bird species richness with environmental variation in native and exotic grasslands were compared. To compare diversity of arthropods in native and exotic grasslands, insects and arachnids were collected using three different methodologies (standardized sweep-net, random sweep-net, and pitfall traps) during four seasons, (2005–2006), at Naval Air Station–Corpus Christi, Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Waldron, and Naval Air Station–Kingsville. To compare seed abundance and diversity between native and exotic grasslands, seeds were collected for two winters (2004–2006) at Naval Air Station–Corpus Christi and Naval Air Station–Kingsville. To evaluate effects of management on grassland vertebrates, abundance and diversity of birds and small mammals were estimated and compared in exotic grasses subjected to mowing, burning, or no active management (control) for one full year (2008–2009).</p><p>Observations were made of 1,044 birds of 30 species in grassland transects during five winters. The Savannah Sparrow (<i>Passerculus sandwichensis</i>) was the most common bird, which, with 644 detections, accounted for 63 percent of all individuals identified to species. Meadowlarks (<i>Sturnella spp.</i>) and Le Conte’s Sparrows (<i>Ammodramus leconteii</i>) were the second (10 percent) and third (7 percent) most abundant bird species, respectively. Six of the seven most abundant species detected in grasslands were grassland species, and their numbers accounted for 87 percent of all birds, but 20 of the 30 species (67 percent) that used grasslands were not grassland species. Seven species observed in grassland transects during the study were Species of Conservation Concern: Le Conte’s Sparrow, Sedge Wren (<i>Cistothorus platensis</i>), Grasshopper Sparrow (<i>Ammodramus savannarum</i>), Long-billed Curlew (<i>Numenius americanus</i>), Sprague’s Pipit (<i>Anthus spragueii</i>), Cassin’s Sparrow (<i>Aimophila cassinii</i>), and Loggerhead Shrike (<i>Lanius ludovicianus</i>). Native grasslands consistently supported greater bird species richness than exotic grasslands. In one winter, exotic grasslands supported more birds than native grasslands.</p><p>Native grasslands were determined to have more forb cover, more bare ground, and greater plant species richness than exotic grasslands, whereas exotic grasslands were characterized by more grass cover and relatively greater vegetation density during dry years. Not only did these individual measures differ between native and exotic grasslands, but components of variation also differed. In native grasslands, grass density and cover contributed more to variation, whereas in exotic grasslands, non-grass vegetation was a greater component of variation. Total bird numbers and bird species richness in native grasslands were related to the principal component that contained a measure of litter cover. Total bird numbers and bird species richness in exotic grasslands indicated no significant relationships with any of the principal components of variation.</p><p>The two most common insect orders in native grasslands were Hymenoptera and Coleoptera, which accounted for 42 percent of all insects. The two most common insect orders in exotic grasslands were Hemiptera and Homoptera, which accounted for about 80 percent of all insects. Insect family richness was greater in exotic grasslands than in native grasslands in two of four seasons. Proportions of arachnid families were similar in native and exotic grasslands, but arachnid family richness was greater in exotic grasslands than in native grasslands.</p><p>Abundance of seeds was greater in exotic than in native grasslands. However, seed diversity was greater in native grasslands than in exotic grasslands.</p><p>Among the three types of management (mowed, burned, and control) applied to exotic grasses, birds were most abundant in the mowed area. Sedge Wrens, however, were never encountered in mowed sites. Meadowlarks were similarly abundant in all treatments, but Le Conte’s Sparrows were detected only in the control (unmanaged) area. Hispid cotton rats (<i>Sigmodon hispidus</i>) accounted for 93 percent of all rodent captures, with the number of captures peaking December through February. Hispid cotton rat numbers and total rodent numbers were greatest in control and pre-burn areas, and lowest in the mowed area. Mammal diversity, however, was greatest in the mowed habitat.</p><p>Native and exotic grasslands differed essentially in all categories (bird numbers and diversity, vegetation characteristics, components of variation, diversity of insects and arachnids, and seed abundance and diversity) used to measure and compare them. This indicates that fundamental ecosystem processes have been altered after native grasslands have undergone invasion and ultimate domination by exotic grass species. Future research in Texas grassland ecosystems is essential because: 1) Texas sustains more area in grasslands than any other state or province in the Central Flyway; 2) Texas serves as the winter destination or migration pathway for hundreds of species of birds, including winter residents and Neotropical migrants; 3) ecology, distribution, and numbers of grassland birds wintering in southern latitudes of the United States remains poorly understood; and 4) climate change threatens to further accelerate advances of invading grass species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi\r\n","usgsCitation":"Woodin, M.C., Skoruppa, M.K., Bryan, P.D., Ruddy, A.J., and Hickman, G.C., 2010, Grassland birds wintering at U.S. Navy facilities in southern Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1115, viii, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101115.","productDescription":"viii, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1115.jpg"},{"id":341728,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1115/pdf/OFR2010-1115.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13947,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,26 ], [ -100,29 ], [ -96,29 ], [ -96,26 ], [ -100,26 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db672349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodin, Marc C.","contributorId":56316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodin","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skoruppa, Mary Kay","contributorId":24872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skoruppa","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Kay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryan, Pearce D.","contributorId":70873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"Pearce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruddy, Amanda J.","contributorId":9366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruddy","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hickman, Graham C.","contributorId":92354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98554,"text":"cir1351 - 2010 - Protocols for geologic hazards response by the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory to activity within the Yellowstone Volcanic System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T19:14:33.253513","indexId":"cir1351","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1351","displayTitle":"Protocols for Geological Hazards Response by the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory to Activity within the Yellowstone Volcanic System","title":"Protocols for geologic hazards response by the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory to activity within the Yellowstone Volcanic System","docAbstract":"<h1>Executive Summary</h1><p>The Yellowstone Plateau hosts an active volcanic system, with subterranean magma (molten rock), boiling, pressurized waters, and a variety of active faults with significant earthquake hazards. Within the next few decades, light-to-moderate earthquakes and steam explosions are certain to occur. Volcanic eruptions are less likely, but are ultimately inevitable in this active volcanic region. This document summarizes protocols, policies, and tools to be used by the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) during earthquakes, hydrothermal explosions, or any geologic activity that could lead to a volcanic eruption.</p><p>Yellowstone National Park is home to Yellowstone Caldera, the largest volcanic system by volume in the United States, as well as a vigorous hydrothermal system composed of pressurized subsurface boiling waters and active faults capable of generating substantial seismicity. The region is subject to hazards spanning a wide range of intensities, magnitudes, likelihood of occurrence, and geographic extent of impact. These hazards include small and comparatively common hydrothermal explosions, occasional strong earthquakes, rare relatively non-explosive lava flows, and very rare large explosive volcanic eruptions. Addressing the broad style of potential hazards and the vast spatial and temporal scales over which these hazards can occur requires a general plan that outlines the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) response to a hazardous or potentially hazardous geological event or unrest (defined as departure from normal activity levels).</p><p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Science Center (VSC) Response Plan for Significant Volcanic Events in the United States (Moran and others, 2024) forms the basis of any response by YVO but will be modified to suit the specific characteristics of the observatory, which operates as a consortium of nine federal, state, and academic institutions. Decisions on declaring an event response or “activity with potential” (defined as unrest that is not immediately hazardous but that may evolve into a hazardous event), as well as any changes in Volcano Alert Level and Aviation Color Code or the release of formal Information Statements, will be made by the USGS via the YVO Scientist-in-Charge (SIC) in consultation with the leads of the YVO member agencies.</p><p>The YVO response to hazardous or potentially hazardous geological activity in or around Yellowstone National Park will focus on the collection and analysis of data relevant to the location and style of the activity. Those data will be interpreted within the existing geological framework for the region to develop probabilistic assessments of potential outcomes. These interpretations and assessments will be used to support decision making by emergency management officials including Yellowstone National Park managers or within the National Incident Management System if an Incident Command System (ICS) is activated. YVO will also convene a communications group open to each member agency to ensure consistent internal and external messaging and that the public is kept informed of the unrest through formal notifications, social media posts, online content, traditional media interviews, and community meetings.</p><p>This response plan will be evaluated and updated as needed by the observatory and will be available through the YVO and USGS public websites. Responses to volcanic eruptions and responses outside of the Yellowstone region, but within the YVO area of responsibility (including Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, and Colorado), will follow the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Science Center Response Plan for Significant Volcanic Events in the United States (Moran and others, 2024).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1351","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Yellowstone National Park, University of Utah, EarthScope Consortium, University of Wyoming, Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Idaho Geological Survey, Wyoming State Geological Survey, and Montana State University","usgsCitation":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, 2025, Protocols for geological hazards response by the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory to activity within the Yellowstone Volcanic System (ver. 3.0, January 2025): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1351, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1351.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-144015","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494129,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93794.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":489490,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1351/cir1351.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1351 PDF"},{"id":489514,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1351/versionHist.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"},{"id":490279,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1351/downloads/circ1351_v2.pdf","text":"Ver. 2.0 [Superseded]","size":"3.66 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1351 ver. 2.0"},{"id":490280,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1351/downloads/c1351.pdf","text":"Ver. 1.0 [Superseded]","size":"3.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1351 ver. 1.0"},{"id":296524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1351/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":490268,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1351/index.html","text":"USGS Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,44 ], [ -112,45 ], [ -110,45 ], [ -110,44 ], [ -112,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: July 29, 2010; Version 2.0: November 5, 2014; Version 3.0: June 3, 2025","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/yvo\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/yvo\">Yellowstone Volcano Observatory</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>1300 SE Cardinal Court, Suite 100<br>Vancouver, WA 98683</p><p>Email: <a href=\"mailto:yvowebteam@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:yvowebteam@usgs.gov\">yvowebteam@usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Executive Summary</li><li>Introduction and Scope</li><li>Monitoring Strategy</li><li>Geological Unrest, Volcano Alert Levels and Aviation Color Codes, Information Products, and the Incident Command System</li><li>Volcano Alert Notification Scheme and Decision Criteria</li><li>Responding to Hazardous Events and Activity with Potential in the Yellowstone Region</li><li>Communications Strategy</li><li>Example Scenarios</li><li>Summary and Protocols for Updating this Plan</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2010-07-29","revisedDate":"2025-06-03","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696590","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory","contributorId":127797,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory","id":526812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70236417,"text":"70236417 - 2010 - Historical evolution of the Columbia River littoral cell","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T16:11:29.225362","indexId":"70236417","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-01T10:59:33","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical evolution of the Columbia River littoral cell","docAbstract":"<p>This paper details the historical coastal evolution of the Columbia River littoral cell in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Geological data from A.D. 1700 and records leading up to the late 1800s provide insights to the natural system dynamics prior to significant human intervention, most notably jetty construction between 1885 and 1917. All reliable surveys, charts, and aerial photos are used to quantify decadal-scale changes at the three estuary entrances and four sub-cells of the littoral cell. Shoreline, bathymetric, and topographic change over three historical intervals—1870s–1920s, 1920s–1950s, and 1950s–1990s—are integrated to provide an understanding of sediment-sharing relationships among the littoral cell components. Regional morphological change data are developed for alongshore segments of approximately 5 km, enabling comparisons of shoreline change to upper-shoreface and barrier volume change within common compartments. The construction of entrance jetties at the Columbia River (1885–1917) and Grays Harbor (1898–1916) has profoundly affected the evolution of the littoral cell, and has accentuated the morphological coupling between the inlets, ebb-tidal deltas, shorefaces, and barriers. The jetties induced erosion of the inlets and offshore migration of ebb-tidal deltas. The change in boundary conditions at the entrances enabled waves to rework the flanks of ebb-tidal deltas and supply enormous quantities of sand to the adjacent coasts. Over several decades the initial sand pulses have been dispersed alongshore up to tens of kilometers from the estuary entrances. Winter waves and coastal currents produce net northward sediment transport across the shoreface while summer conditions tend to induce onshore sediment transport and accumulation of the upper shoreface and barriers at relatively high rates. Historical shoreline progradation rates since jetty construction are approximately double the late prehistoric rates between 1700 and the 1870s. Erosion rates of the mid- to lower shoreface to the south of the jettied estuary entrances have typically been greater than the accumulation rates of the upper shoreface and barrier, suggesting that the lower shoreface has been an important source of littoral sediments over decadal and longer time scales. Until recent decades, sediment supply from the ebb-tidal delta flanks and lower shoreface has largely masked the decline in Columbia River sediment supply resulting from flow regulation and dredging disposal practices. With the contemporary onset and expansion of coastal erosion adjacent to the jettied estuary entrances, proper management of dredged sediment is imperative to mitigate the effects of a declining sediment budget.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2010.02.006","usgsCitation":"Kaminsky, G.M., Ruggiero, Buijsman, M.C., McCandless, D., and Gelfenbaum, G.R., 2010, Historical evolution of the Columbia River littoral cell: Marine Geology, v. 273, no. 1-4, p. 96-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2010.02.006.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"126","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406241,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.9642333984375,\n              45.79050946752472\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.80517578125,\n              45.84028105450088\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.8216552734375,\n              47.364873807434094\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.32678222656249,\n              47.34626718205302\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.21142578125,\n              47.081344869872034\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.20043945312499,\n              46.916503267244835\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1455078125,\n              46.830133640447386\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1180419921875,\n              46.74738913515841\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1015625,\n              46.67582559793001\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1290283203125,\n              46.27483447871404\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.98620605468751,\n              46.11513371326539\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96972656249999,\n              46.01985337287631\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.01367187499999,\n              45.947330315089275\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.9642333984375,\n              45.79050946752472\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"273","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaminsky, George M","contributorId":221036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaminsky","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":25353,"text":"Washington State Department of Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruggiero, Peter","contributorId":121401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","suffix":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buijsman, Maarten C.","contributorId":76340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buijsman","given":"Maarten","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCandless, Diana","contributorId":187530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCandless","given":"Diana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}